R v Moteane (CRI/T 5 of 97) [2000] LSCA 92 (8 May 2000)

C I V / A P N / 1 9 1 / 99 C I V / A P N / 2 7 0 / 99 IN T HE H I GH C O U RT OF L E S O T HO In the matter between:- AFRICAN O X Y G EN LIMITED APPLICANT A ND S T M M A R K E T I NG A ND AGENCIES LIMITED 1ST R E S P O N D E NT MR SELAI M O K E TE 2ND R E S P O N D E NT J U D G M E NT D e l i v e r ed by t he H o n o u r a b le M rs Justice K. J. G u ni on t he 7th d ay of A p r i l, 2 0 00 By c o n s e n t, t h e se t wo a p p l i c a t i o n s, w e re h e a rd t o g e t h e r. T he facts in b o th a p p l i c a t i o ns a re e x a c t ly t he s a m e, b e c a u se t he s a me a p p l i c a t i on w as r e s u b m i t t ed f or t he r e a s o ns g i v en by t he a p p l i c a n t. T he legal issues r a i s e d, a p p ly to a nd m u st be d e t e r m i n ed in t he light of t h o se facts. T he a p p l i c a n t, as s h o wn in p a r a g r a ph 2 of t he F o u n d i ng A f f i d a v i t, is a S o u th A f r i c an C o m p a n y. It is i n c o r p o r a t ed in t he R S A, in a c c o r d a n ce w i th t he c o m p a ny l aw of that c o u n t r y. T he a p p l i c a n t 's registered office a d d r e ss is g i v en as 20 M a a r s d o rp Street, O ld Industrial A r e a, B l o e m f o n t e i n, O F S, R S A. T he a p p l i c a nt carries on t he b u s i n e ss of s u p p l y, sale a nd distribution of L i q u i f i ed P e t r o l e um G as (hereinafter referred to as L P G) a nd related s e r v i c e s. It is c l a i m e d, that t he a p p l i c a nt h as o b t a i n e d, f r om t he M i n i s t ry of T r a de a nd I n d u s t ry h e re in L e s o t h o, a u t h o r i ty to t r a de as a w h o l e s a l e r. To s u p p o rt this c l a im a c o py of an e x p i r ed T r a d e r 's L i c e n ce Certificate a n n e x u re " G P 6" is a t t a c h ed to t he r e p l y i ng affidavit. T he r e s p o n d e n t, as s h o wn at p a r a g r a ph 9 of a n s w e r i ng affidavit, is S TM M a r k e t i ng a nd A g e n c i es ( P t y) L i m i t e d. It is a c o m p a ny registered in t e r ms of t he L aw of L e s o t h o. It carries o n, by m e a ns of a s p e c i a l i s ed l i c e n c e, t he b u s i n e ss of a distributor a nd w h o l e s a l er of E LF liquified p e t r o l e um g a s. E L F g as is distributed in S o u t h e rn A f r i ca by E L F g as S o u t h e rn A f r i ca ( P T Y) L i m i t ed of 13th F l o o r, M e d l i fe C e n t r e, C o en S t e y d t l er A v e n u e, C a pe T o wn in R S A. T he r e s p o n d e nt h as a distributorship a nd d e a l e r s h ip a g r e e m e nt w i th this E L F g as S o u t h e rn A f r i ca ( P t y) L t d. T h e se t wo parties a re c o m p e t i t o rs in t he m a r k et p l a ce f or t he sale of L P G. A p p l i c a nt c l a i ms to h o ld t he m a j or s h a re of t he m a r k et in L e s o t ho for t he sale a nd distribution of L P G. T h e re are no g r o u n ds laid n or r e a s on g i v en for this c l a i m. A l t h o u gh t he a p p l i c a nt h as no b r a n ch office or a g e n cy h e re in L e s o t h o, a p p l i c a nt c l a i ms to h a ve a distribution n e t w o rk s t r e t c h i ng a c r o ss t he entire c o u n t r y. T h e re is no m e n t i on of w h at t he a p p l i c a n t 's n e t w o rk of distribution is m a de of e,g is it s h o p s, d e p o t s, w h o l e s a l e s, e t c ? ? ? ?? T he a p p l i c a nt h as c o me to court to k n ip in the b u d, the c o m p e t i t i on against it in the m a r k et h e re in M a s e r u. I s ay k n ip in the b ud the c o m p e t i t i on b e c a u se S TM M a r k e t i ng a nd A g e n c i es ( P T Y) L i m i t ed started o p e r a t i o ns o n ly in M a r ch 1 9 9 9. A l m o st i m m e d i a t e l y, after the c o m m e n c e m e nt of b u s i n e ss by r e s p o n d e nt the applicant c a me to court a nd o b t a i n ed e x - p a r te o r d e rs restraining r e s p o n d e nt f r om r e c e i v i ng (in e x c h a n ge of its o wn full g as cylinders) a ny of the g as c y l i n d e rs of the description g i v en in the e x - p a r te o r d e r. A c c o r d i ng to the applicant, there are n u m e r o us distributors of L PG in this c o u n t r y, b ut there are five m a in o n e s, i n c l u d i ng t h e se t wo parties b e f o re court. T he applicant h as g i v en full description of h ow the m a r k et in L e s o t ho is s u p p l i ed w i th L PG c o n t a i n ed in g as cylinders. W h en a c u s t o m er p u r c h a s es L PG f r om a ny supplier or distributor for the first t i m e, the c u s t o m er p a ys a deposit p l us sales t ax in respect of t he g as cylinder. T h at s a me cylinder nevertheless, a l w a ys r e m a i ns the p r o p e r ty of that particular supplier - f r om w h om the c u s t o m er o b t a i ns it. T he c u s t o m er m ay t h en f r om t i me to t i me h a ve that g as cylinder e x c h a n g ed for a n o t h er o ne w h i ch is filled w i th g as f r om a ny supplier. T he c u s t o m er is n ot c o m p e l l ed to return or to patronise the first supplier f r om w h om the c u s t o m er o b t a i n ed that g as cylinder for future a nd further p u r c h a s es of g as (I s u p p o se that is, to certain extent, the respect of the c u s t o m e r s' right of the f r e e d om of c h o i c e. T h is applicant d o es n ot s h a re this s e n t i m e nt as a p p e a rs in the p r a y e rs m a de in these applications a nd ex-parte o r d e rs o b t a i n e d ). T he applicant, w e nt on to e x p l a in the practice p r e s u m a b ly f r om its e x p e r i e n c e. It is s a id that, s u p p l i e rs s e l d om refill their o wn e m p ty g as c y l i n d er p r e s e n t ed for t he p u r c h a se of g as by t he c u s t o m e r. It is u n l a w f ul to fill or refill t he g as c y l i n d e rs of o t h er s u p p l i e r s. S e c t i on 1 3 ( 2) L e g al N o t i ce N o . 90 of 1 9 9 7. F or t he efficient r u n n i ng of that k i nd of b u s i n e ss (i.e distribution a nd sale of g a s) t he s u p p l i e rs a g r e ed a m o n g st t h e m s e l v es a nd e s t a b l i s h ed that t r a de c u s t om p r a c t i ce of e x c h a n ge of c y l i n d e r s. T he e m p ty c y l i n d er m ay be e x c h a n g ed for t he full o n e. As a result all s u p p l i e rs a re free to e x c h a n ge c y l i n d e rs of a ny a nd all t r a de m a r ks of a ny a nd all o t h er s u p p l i e r s. E a ch s u p p l i er r e g a i ns p o s s e s s i on of its g as c y l i n d er t h r o u gh an e s t a b l i s h ed t r a de c u s t om p r a c t i ce of e x c h a n ge of c y l i n d e r s. A c c o r d i ng to t he a p p l i c a nt this a g r e ed t r a de c u s t om practice, h as b e en g o i ng on f or s o me t i m e. W h e n e v er a ny s u p p l i er is in p o s s e s s i on of g as c y l i n d e rs b e l o n g i ng to a n o t h er s u p p l i e r, it w i ll r e t u rn t h o se c y l i n d e rs to that s u p p l i er a nd r e c e i ve in e x c h a n ge its o wn c y l i n d e rs w h i ch a re in t he p o s s e s s i on of that o t h er s u p p l i e r. In a ny c y l i n d e rs e x c h a n ge e x e r c i s e, if t he n u m b e rs of c y l i n d e rs do n ot m a t c h, t he r e c i p i e nt of t he g r e a t er n u m b er will p ay that s t a n d a rd d e p o s it on t he e x t ra n u m b e rs of c y l i n d e rs r e c e i v e d. R e s p o n d e nt a g r e es w i th t he a p p l i c a nt c o m p l e t e ly on this d e s c r i p t i on of t he t r a de p r a c t i c e. T he r e s p o n d e nt h as g o ne further by s h o w i ng this c o u r t, that b o th parties a re in fact, a c t i ve participants in that t r a de c u s t om p r a c t i c e. R e s p o n d e nt h as e v en g i v en specific d a t es w h en t he t r a de c u s t om p r a c t i ce of e x c h a n ge of c y l i n d e rs t o ok p l a ce b e t w e en t he a p p l i c a nt a nd r e s p o n d e n t. A p p l i c a nt a l l e g es that t h e re a re u n s c r u p u l o us distributors w ho t a ke a d v a n t a ge of its o wn c y l i n d er s u p p o r t, by u s i ng a p p l i c a n t 's c y l i n d e rs to s u p p ly L PG s u p p l i ed by this a p p l i c a n t 's c o m p e t i t o r s. It is c l a i m e d, w i t h o ut i n d i c a t i ng by n u m b e rs or p r o v i ng t he s a me in a ny w a y, that this a p p l i c a n t, h as t he m o st c y l i n d e rs in t he field. It is further a l l e g e d, that t he r e s p o n d e nt m a k es u se of t he a p p l i c a n ts c y l i n d e rs to fill a nd sell their g a s. T h e re h as b e en so far no e v i d e n ce to s u p p o rt this allegation. S h o u ld a sufficient n u m b er of c o m p e t i t o rs ( i m a g i n e d) of this a p p l i c a nt m a ke u se of t he a p p l i c a n t 's c y l i n d e rs to sell their L P G, d a m a ge to t he a p p l i c a nt ( i m a g i n e d) w o u ld be i m m e a s u r a b l e. T he a p p l i c a nt a p p r o a c h ed this c o u rt on an u r g e nt b a s is a nd by e x - p a r te a p p l i c a t i on a l l e g i ng that t he r e s p o n d e nt u n l a w f u l ly fills or refills a p p l i c a n ts o wn g as c y l i n d e rs a nd u n l a w f u l ly c o m p e t es w i th this a p p l i c a n t. It w as further a l l e g e d, that t he p r o of of t he a l l e g ed u n l a w f ul filling by r e s p o n d e nt of t he a p p l i c a n t 's g as c y l i n d e rs c a me into a p p l i c a n t 's p o s s e s s i on d u r i ng s e c o nd h a lf of A p r il 1 9 9 9. A p p l i c a nt t o ok s t e ps to p r o t e ct its r i g h ts on 8 / 5 / 99 by o b t a i n i ng t h o se e x - p a r te o r d e rs restraining t he r e s p o n d e nt f r om r e c e i v i ng in t he n o r m al w ay t he g as c y l i n d e rs d e s c r i b ed in t h o se e x - p a r te o r d e r s. T he a p p l i c a nt d o es n ot s a y, h ow a nd w h e re he o b t a i n ed t he p r o of of t he a l l e g ed u n l a w f ul activities of t he r e s p o n d e n t, d u r i ng h a lf of A p r il 1 9 9 9. A n n e x u r es 3 a nd 4 a t t a c h ed to t he f o u n d i ng affidavit a re s w o rn s t a t e m e n ts m a de by t wo g e n t l e m en d e s c r i b ed as directors a nd i n v e s t i g a t o rs e m p l o y ed by P r i v a te D e t e c t i ve S e r v i c e s. T he i m p r e s s i on m a de is that t he a p p l i c a nt m u st h a ve o b s e r v ed w i th its o wn " p r i v a te e y e s" t he a l l e g ed u n l a w f ul filling of its c y l i n d e rs by r e s p o n d e n t. T h o se p r i v a te e y es c l a im to h a ve b e en at t he b u s i n e ss p r e m i s es of t he r e s p o n d e nt on t he 30th a nd t he 31st M a r ch 1 9 9 9. T h ey h ad specific instruction to d e t e r m i ne w h e t h er t he r e s p o n d e nt is d e a l i ng in A f r ox L PG c y l i n d e r s. W h at d id t h ey d o? 1. T h ey b o u g ht g as at t he r e s p o n d e n t 's b u s i n e ss - h a n d e d - in t he A f r ox e m p ty g as c y l i n d e rs a nd r e c e i v ed in e x c h a n ge t h e r e of full c y l i n d e rs a nd in a n o r m al w a y, t h ey p a id o n ly for t he c o n t e n t s. T he full c y l i n d e r s, r e c e i v ed by t h o se p r i v a te d e t e c t i v e s, s h o u ld h a ve b e en t h o se of t he r e s p o n d e n t. In a c c o r d a n ce w i th t he t r a de p r a c t i ce o n ly E LF g as c y l i n d e rs - a re distributed by t he r e s p o n d e n t. T he a p p l i c a n t 's p r i v a te e y es c l a im that, it w as A f r ox full g as c y l i n d e rs w h i ch w as p l a c ed by a b l a ck g as a t t e n d a nt of t he r e s p o n d e nt c o m p a n y, into their m o t or v e h i c l e. T he t wo s t a t e m e n ts further indicate that a v i d eo r e c o r d i ng w as m a de prior, d u r i ng a nd after t he transaction. T h is v i d eo r e c o r d i n g, w as to be p r o d u c ed b e f o re t he c o u r t, p e r h a ps at t he h e a r i ng of t he c o n f i r m a t i on of t he e x - p a r te o r d e rs o b t a i n ed by t he a p p l i c a n t. T h e re w as no s u ch p r o d u c t i on of a ny v i d eo t a p es R e s p o n d e nt d e n i es that t he t wo d e t e c t i v es w e re g i v en by an a t t e n d a nt at t he r e s p o n d e n t 's b u s i n e ss p r e m i s es a full A f r ox g as c y l i n d e r. R e s p o n d e nt a g a in d e n i es that t he v i d eo r e c o r d i ng w as d o ne at its p r e m i s es a nd therefore s u ch v i d eo r e c o r d i ng w as irrelevant. P e r h a ps that is w hy a p p l i c a nt d e c i d ed after all n ot to p r o d u ce t he said v i d eo t a p e s. A n u m b er of p o i n ts in l i m i ne h a ve b e en raised by r e s p o n d e n t. L O C US S T A N DI A first p o i nt in l i m i ne raised on b e h a lf of t he r e s p o n d e nt is w i th r e g a rd to t he a p p l i c a n t 's c l a im of right to u se a nd t h e r e f o re p r o t e ct for its e x c l u s i ve u se o n l y, t he f o l l o w i ng b r a nd n a m e s, M o b i l e, E n g e n, C a l t e x, H o m e g a s, S o n a p / S o n a r e p, T r ek a nd S o c o n y. Mr P a r k er for a p p l i c a n t, in his r e p ly d o es n ot h e lp a p p l i c a n t 's c a se at all. He m e r e ly c l a i ms that a p p l i c a nt b o u g ht t h o se b u s i n e ss b u t, d o es n ot b o t h er to attach a ny p r o of of t he o w n e r s h ip as c l a i m ed by h i m. C u r i o u s ly e n o u g h, he d e m a n ds that r e s p o n d e nt m u st p r o d u ce p r o ve of t he denial that a p p l i c a nt d o es n ot o wn t h o se b u s i n e ss a nd t h e r e f o re h as no authority to c l a im p r o t e c t i on for the a p p l i c a n t 's e x c l u s i ve u se of t h o se b r a nd n a m e s. T he allegation that this a p p l i c a nt o wn t h o se b r a nd n a m es for its e x c l u s i ve u s e, m u st be p r o v ed by t he a p p l i c a n t. He w ho alleges m u st p r o v e. V u l c an R u b b er W o r ks (Pty) L td vs S AR a nd H 1 9 58 ( 3) SA 2 85 ( A ). T he c o py of an e x p i r ed T r a d e r 's L i c e n ce Certificate a t t a c h ed to t he r e p l y i ng affidavit, d o es n ot m a ke a ny m e n t i on of t h o se b r a nd n a m es as b e i ng f or t he e x c l u s i ve u se of this applicant. T h e re is no m e n t i on at all of w h at t he w h o l e s a l er so l i c e n c ed trades in. T h e re is no c o n n e c t i on b e t w e en t he w h o l e s a le trader's licence issued, by t he M i n i s t ry of T r a de a nd I n d u s t ry of L e s o t ho G o v e r n m e n t, to this a p p l i c a nt a nd its c l a im of o w n e r s h ip of M o b i l e, E n g e n, C a l t e x, H o m e g as etc, etc. T he a p p l i c a nt h as failed to p r o ve that it o w ns t h o se b r a nd n a m e s. D E F E C T I VE P R O C E SS A n o t h er p o i nt in l i m i ne raised c o n c e r ns the irregularity of t he N o t i ce of A p p l i c a t i on in C I V / A P N / 2 7 0 / 99 filed on b e h a lf of t he a p p l i c a nt c o m p a n y. T h is application is n ot s i g n ed as r e q u i r ed by t he rules of this court. H i gh C o u rt R u l e s, L e g al N o t i ce N o .9 of 1 9 80 - [ R u le 1 8 ( 6 ) ]. T h is rules r e a ds as follows:- " 1 8 ( 6) T he s u m m o ns shall be s i g n ed by the R e g i s t r ar a nd t he plaintiff's attorney or plaintiff p e r s o n a l ly a nd m u st disclose t he attorney's a d d r e ss or plaintiff's a d d r e ss w h i ch m u st be w i t h i n, five k i l o m e t r es f r om t he office of t he R e g i s t r ar at w h i ch he will a c c e pt service of all d o c u m e n t s ." [ My u n d e r l i n i n g ]. T h e re are, h o w e v e r, n a m es a nd a d d r e s s es of a t t o r n e ys of S o u th A f r i ca a nd of L e s o t h o. My o b s e r v a t i on is that the a t t o r n e ys of this a p p l i c a n t, are De B u ys H u m a n, b e c a u se it is clearly stated so on t he p a p e r s. H a r l ey a nd M o r r is a p p e ar to be o n ly a local a d d r e ss w h i ch m u st be w i t h in five k i l o m e t r es f r om t he office of the R e g i s t r ar at w h i ch t he p a r ty will a c c e pt service of all d o c u m e n t s. T he applicant's a t t o r n ey is clearly stated as De B u ys H u m a n. In t e r ms of R u le 18 ( 6) he s h o u ld be t he o ne w ho s i g n ed t he application. He s e e m ed to h a ve h ad a p r o b l em of n ot h a v i ng b e en a d m i t t ed to practice as an a t t o r n ey a nd to practice as s u ch in t he c o u r ts of L e s o t ho a nd of h a v i ng no office h e re in L e s o t h o. It is stated n o w h e re in t h e se p a p e rs that H a r l ey a nd M o r r is a re t he a t t o r n e ys of this applicant. H a r l ey a nd M o r r is d id n ot s i gn a nd t h ey w e re n ot entitled to do so by t he rules. R u le 18 ( 6) m u st be r e ad w i th rule 13 ( 1) H i gh C o u rt R u l es ( L e g al N o t i ce N o .9 of 1 9 8 0 ). T he interpretation of " A c t i o n" is clearly s h o wn as i n c l u d i ng application: that b e i ng so t he a p p l i c a t i on m u st be s i g n ed by t he p a r ty or its attorney. As s h o wn at p a ge 3 53 B, s i g n i ng of N o t i ce of M o t i o n, in H e r b s t e in a nd V an W i n s e n. T he C I V IL P R A C T I CE OF T HE S U P R E ME C O U RT OF S O U TH A F R I C A, F O U R TH E D I T I O N, t he n o t i ce m u st be s i g n ed by an attorney i s s u i ng it w h e t h er t he a p p l i c a t i on is e x - p a r te or o t h e r w i s e. T he failure to s i gn this application by t he a t t o r n e ys i s s u i ng it c r e a t ed an irregularity. It is n ot a p r o p er p r o c e ss to be b e f o re this c o u r t. On this p o i nt r e s p o n d e nt m u st s u c c e e d. T h i s, h o w e v e r, d o es n ot e nd this m a t t e r, b e c a u se a p p l i c a nt r e s u b m i t t ed t he s a me a p p l i c a t i on w h i ch is h e a rd t o g e t h er w i th t he application in q u e s t i o n. N O N - D I S C L O S U RE R e s p o n d e nt h as s h o wn in t he a n s w e r i ng affidavit d e p o s ed to by Mr Selai M o k e t e , t h at on 19th M a r ch 1 9 9 9 , 2 5th M a r ch 1 9 99 a nd on t he 20th A p r il 1 9 9 9, the trade c u s t o m a ry e x c h a n ge of c y l i n d e rs d id t a ke p l a ce b e t w e en t h e se t wo parties. T h e se a v e r m e n t s, by Mr Selai M o k e te a re a d m i t t ed by Mr G i l es W i l l i am P a r k er w ho d e p o s ed to b o th f o u n d i ng a nd r e p l y i ng affidavit on b e h a lf of t he applicant. It is v e ry m a t e r i al that t he v e ry s a me d e p o n ed o m i t t ed to m e n t i on that t h e se t wo parties participate fully in that t r a de c u s t o m a ry e x c h a n ge of cylinders. He further o m i t t ed to m e n t i on in t he f o u n d i ng affidavit for the c o n s i d e r a t i on of t he c o u rt prior to t he m a k i ng of an e x - p a r te o r d er that as recently as 20th A p r il 1 9 99 - o n ly a b o ut ( 8) eight d a ys p r i or to t he l a u n c h i ng of t he first application, t he a p p l i c a nt collected f r om t he r e s p o n d e n t 's b u s i n e ss p r e m i s es three h u n d r ed a nd t w e n ty eight ( 3 2 8) c y l i n d e rs in a c c o r d a n ce w i th that trade practice established a m o n g st the suppliers s u ch as t h e se t wo parties. ( As s h o wn in a n n e x u re S T M4 a t t a c h ed to t he A n s w e r i ng A f f i d a v i t ). In m o t i on p r o c e e d i n g s, particularly w h en b r i n g i ng an e x - p a r te a p p l i c a t i o n, in w h i ch relief is c l a i m ed a g a i n st a n o t h er party, t he a p p l i c a nt m u st m a ke full disclosure of all material a nd relevant facts, that m i g ht affect t he g r a n t i ng or o t h e r w i se of an o r d er e x - p a r t e. H e r b s t e in a nd V an W i n s en T he civil Practice of the S u p r e me C o u rt of S o u th A f r i c a, F o u r th E d i t i on p a ge 3 6 7. A p p l i c a nt a l l u d ed to t he t r a de c u s t om practice of e x c h a n ge of c y l i n d e rs generally. T h e re w as a n e ed to g i ve the c o u rt the true a nd p r o p er attitude of t he r e s p o n d e nt as r e g a r ds t he trade c u s t om p r a c t i ce of e x c h a n ge of c y l i n d e r s, m o re particularly b e c a u se a p p l i c a nt h ad g i v en this c o u rt a distinct ( t h o u gh e r r o n e o us a nd false) i m p r e s s i on that t he a p p l i c a nt is n ot a b le to r e g a in p o s s e s s i on of its o wn e m p ty g as c y l i n d e rs w h i ch a re in t he p o s s e s s i on of this r e s p o n d e n t, w h o, as a l l e g e d, fills t h em up w i th E L F G AS p r o d u c ts f or sale a nd distribution. T he a p p l i c a nt d id n ot d i s c l o se that t h ey ( a p p l i c a nt a nd r e s p o n d e n t) p a r t i c i p a te fully in t he t r a de c u s t o m a ry c y l i n d er e x c h a n g e. H ad this fact b e en m e n t i o n e d, t h e re w o u ld h a ve b e en no c o u rt o r d er m a de c o m p e l l i ng r e s p o n d e nt to s u r r e n d er to a p p l i c a nt a ny c y l i n d e rs at all as t he o w n e rs of t h o se c y l i n d e rs a re free to r e g a in t h em by participating in that t r a de c u s t o m a ry e x c h a n ge of c y l i n d e rs w h e n e v er t h ey so w i sh a nd w h e r e e v er t h ey a re f o u n d. F a i l u re to d i s c l o se in e x - p a r te a p p l i c a t i on is v e ry i m p o r t a nt a nd g o es to t he r o ot of t he m a t t er as s h o wn in H e r b s t e in a nd V an W i n s en s u p ra J u d ge Le R o ux in S c h l e s i n g er vs S c h l e s i n g er 1 9 79 ( 4) SA 3 42 at p a ge 3 4 9, e m p h a s i s ed that i m p o r t a n ce of full d i s c l o s u re of t r ue facts. He w e nt e v en f u r t h e r; after e x a m i n i ng t he r e l e v a nt authorities on this p o i n t, he i n d i c a t ed that t h e re is a clear d u ty on t he a p p l i c a nt to d i s c l o se m a t e r i al facts w h i ch m i g ht affect t he g r a n t i ng of t he e x - p a r te o r d er m o re particularly w i th r e g a rd to t he r e s p o n d e n t 's attitude to t he r e q u e st m a de by a p p l i c a nt b e f o re c o u r t. It h as b e en e s t a b l i s h ed that s u p p r e s s i on of t r ue facts, is as b ad as l y i n g. T h e r e f o re c o u r t s, in t he j u d i c i o us e x e r c i se of their d i s c r e t i o n, a re entitled to d i s c h a r ge e x - p a r te o r d e rs o b t a i n ed by a p p l i c a nt w ho w i t h h e ld t r ue facts or lied in o r d er to o b t a in s u ch o r d e r. S c h l e s i n g er c a se cited a b o v e. B a nk O rp L td vs R i d la 1 9 93 ( 4) SA 2 7 6. T he a p p l i c a nt d id n ot o n ly w i t h h o ld true facts w h i ch w o u ld h a ve i n d i c a t ed to this c o u rt clearly, t he attitude of t he r e s p o n d e n t, b ut lied, that t he r e s p o n d e nt fills a p p l i c a n t 's c y l i n d e rs w i th E L F g as w h i ch is distributed by t he r e s p o n d e n t. S t r a n g e ly e n o u gh a p p l i c a nt c l a i m ed that it distributes E L F g as a nd o b t a i n ed t he c o u rt o r d er w h i ch e v en t h o u gh r e s p o n d e nt is E L F g as distributor it w as restrained f r om r e c e i v i ng E L F g as c y l i n d e rs w h i ch a r e, in fact r e s p o n d e n t 's o wn c y l i n d e r s. It w as n ot o n ly t he w i t h h o l d i ng of true facts, t h e re w e re a l so s o me false allegations. T he a p p l i c a nt c o m m i t t e d, in that w ay a d o u b le w r o ng [ a d d i ng insult to an injury]. T he c o u rt is t h e r e f o re entitled, to d i s c h a r ge that r u le nisi. E v en if t he a p p l i c a nt w as to s u c c e ed on t he m e r i ts of t he a p p l i c a t i on on this p o i nt a l o ne this a p p l i c a t i on m u st fail. U R G E N CY A n o t h er p o i nt in l i m i n e, w h i ch h as b e en raised by t he r e s p o n d e nt is that of u r g e n c y. T h e re w as that t r a de c u s t om p r a c t i ce of e x c h a n ge of c y l i n d e rs by t he s u p p l i e rs in o r d er that e a ch s u p p l i er r e g a i ns p o s s e s s i on of its c y l i n d e r s. W h en e v er t he a p p l i c a nt w i s h ed to r e g a in p o s s e s s i on of its c y l i n d e rs f r om t he r e s p o n d e n t, t he a p p l i c a nt c an a nd on t h r ee o c c a s i o ns a c t u a l ly d id go to t he b u s i n e ss p r e m i s es of t he r e s p o n d e nt a nd c o l l e c t ed its o wn c y l i n d e r s. T h is p r a c t i ce of e x c h a n ge of c y l i n d e rs h as b e en c a r r i ed o ut a m i c a b ly by t h e se t wo parties. W h i le a d m i t t i ng that t he e x c h a n g es of c y l i n d e rs of 19th M a r c h, 25th M a r ch a nd 20th A p r il 1 9 99 d id t a ke p l a c e, a p p l i c a nt d o es n ot s h ow t he c o u rt in a n y w a y, that on t h o se t h r ee o c c a s i o ns of e x c h a n g e, t h e re w e re difficulties w h i ch n e c e s s i t a t ed t he r u s h i ng to c o u rt u r g e n t ly a nd by e x - p a r te a p p l i c a t i on o b t a in an o r d er to r e g a in t h o se c y l i n d e r s. T he r e a s o ns g i v en by t he a p p l i c a nt f or p r o c e e d i ng on an u r g e nt a p p l i c a t i on a re that t he r e s p o n d e nt is filling a p p l i c a n t 's g as c y l i n d e rs w i th its o wn p r o d u ct a nd t h e r e f o re m a k i ng t h o se c y l i n d e rs u n a v a i l a b le f or that t r a de c u s t om e x c h a n ge of c y l i n d e r s. T h is a l l e g a t i on of filling a p p l i c a n t 's c y l i n d e rs w i th its E L F g a s, is d e n i ed by r e s p o n d e n t. A p p l i c a nt failed to p r o ve t he s a m e. E v en t h o u gh a p p l i c a nt c l a i m ed that it s aw w i th its o wn " p r i v a te e y e s" ( t he affidavits of t he t wo p r i v a te d e t e c t i v es a re r e f e r r e d ), that t he r e s p o n d e nt h as in its p o s s e s s i on filled a p p l i c a n t 's c y l i n d e r s; No p r o of of that a l l e g a t i on w as p r o d u c ed b e f o re c o u r t. A p r o m i se to m a ke a v a i l a b le to t he c o u rt that v i d eo t a p es - a l l e g e d ly r e c o r d ed by t h o se d e t e c t i v es at t he r e s p o n d e n t 's b u s i n e ss p r e m i s es or e l s e w h e r e, w as n e v er fulfilled. T he r e s p o n d e nt d e n i ed that t h e re w as a ny v i d eo r e c o r d i ng by t h o se d e t e c t i v es at h is b u s i n e ss p r e m i s e s. If t h e re w e re v i d eo t a p e s, s h o w i ng t he refilling or filling of a p p l i c a n t 's c y l i n d e rs it w as n ot d o ne by or at t he r e s p o n d e n t 's p r e m i s e s. T he a p p l i c a nt d e c i d ed n ot to p r o d u ce t he said v i d eo t a pe after all. T h e re m ay h a ve b e en no v i d eo t a pe after all. T he r e a s o ns f or t he a p p l i c a n t 's failure to p r o ve t h o se a l l e g a t i o ns that t he r e s p o n d e nt w as c o m m i t t i ng u n l a w f ul acts a re b e st k n o wn to this a p p l i c a nt o n l y. T h ey w e re n ot p ut b e f o re this c o u r t. T he l a ck of s c r u p l es s e e ms to c h a r a c t e r i se t he a p p l i c a n t. Its m a in o b j e c t i ve w as to o b t a in that u n d e s e r v ed R u le N i s i. It is m o st u n f o r t u n a te that t he said R u le N i si w as o b t a i n ed by d e c e p t i o n. T he a p p l i c a n t, h a v i ng s e en w i th its p r i v a te e y e s, t h at t h e re w e re its c y l i n d e rs at t he r e s p o n d e n t 's p r e m i s e s, a nd that t h o se c y l i n d e rs w e re filled a nd s e a l e d, w e nt to t h o se p r e m i s es on t he 20th A p r il 1 9 99 p r i or to t he l a u n c h i ng of t h e se a p p l i c a t i o ns a nd collected all its c y l i n d e rs in a n o r m al t r a de e x c h a n ge p r a c t i c e. As s h o wn on a n n e x u re S T M 4, t h ey w e re all e m p t y. T he a v e r m e n ts in t he affidavits of t he t wo d e t e c t i v e s, to t he effect that on t he 30th 31st M a r c h, 1 9 99 t h ey s aw filled a nd s e a l ed a p p l i c a n t 's c y l i n d e rs at t he r e s p o n d e n t 's p r e m i s e s, m u st be i n c o r r e c t. R e s p o n d e nt h as d e n i ed that s u ch u n l a w f ul a c ts of filling o t h er s u p p l i e r s' c y l i n d e rs a r e, c o m m i t t ed by it. E v en t h o u gh t he affidavits by t he t wo d e t e c t i v es w e re s w o rn to on t he 3rd A p r il 1 9 9 9, t he a p p l i c a nt c o u ld n ot state t he e x a ct d a te on w h i ch t he i n f o r m a t i o n, r e g a r d i ng t he a l l e g ed u n l a w f ul acts c o m m i t t ed by t he r e s p o n d e n t, r e a c h ed it. C o u ld it be s a f e ly p r e s u m ed that by t he t i me he r e a c t ed to that i n f o r m a t i o n, he h ad a l r e a dy on 20th A p r il c o l l e c t ed t h o se c y l i n d e rs of a p p l i c a nt w h i ch w e re s e en by t h o se t wo d e t e c t i v e s? T h e ir flabbier m u st h a ve b e en so g u s t ed w h en realising that t he c y l i n d e rs w h i ch t h ey t h o u g ht w e re filled w e re in fact e m p t y. D id a p p l i c a nt s t op t h e re a nd r e c o n s i d er its s t e ps w h e t h er or n ot t h e re is a n e ed to p r o c e ed u r g e n t ly a nd o b t a in e x - p a r te o r d e r? T h is is v e ry m a t e r i al b e c a u se t he fears e x p r e s s e d, a nd on t he b a s is of w h i ch t he e x - p a r te o r d er w as to be s o u g ht h ad d i s a p p e a r e d. To p r o c e ed in t he m a n n e r, this a p p l i c a nt d i d, in t he light of t h e se revelations, indicates b ad faith. T h is w as to harass a nd e m b a r r a ss r e s p o n d e nt b e c a u se a p p l i c a nt c o u ld still lawfully, o b t a in its o wn g as cylinders a nd d id c o n t i n u o u s ly m a n a ge to r e p o s s e ss its o wn cylinders. O b t a i n i ng by d e c e p t i on u n d e s e r v ed e x - p a r te o r d er w as m e r e ly to disrupt the b u s i n e ss o p e r a t i o ns of the r e s p o n d e n t. In the c o u rt o r d er o b t a i n ed the g as cylinders the r e s p o n d e nt is o r d e r ed n ot to r e c e i ve in the u s u al e x c h a n ge f r om c u s t o m e r s, are t h o se g as cylinders w h i ch b e l o ng to o t h er suppliers w h om the applicant t h o u gh c l a i m i ng to o wn t h em failed to p r o ve its o w n e r s h i p. A p p l i c a nt c l a i m ed to o wn E L F g a s. E L F g as cylinders are part a nd parcel of the r e s p o n d e nt c o m p a n y. In o t h er w o r d s, r e s p o n d e nt w as b e i ng restrained f r om d e a l i ng w i th its o wn cylinders as this a p p l i c a nt h ad i n c l u d ed t h em in the e x - p a r te o r d er restraining applicant f r om r e c e i v i ng t h em f r om c u s t o m e r s. T he u r g e n cy in the m a t t er m u st be b o r ne by the facts in that m a t t e r. T he facts, of t h e se applications s h ow that a ny t i me the applicant c o u ld r e g a i n, if it so w i s h e d, its g as cylinders. T h e re w as no n e ed e v en to c o me to court, let a l o ne on u r g e nt e x - p a r te applications. T he point-in-limine on u r g e n cy w as w e ll t a k en a nd m u st s u c c e e d. On this p o i nt a l o n e, w h en the lack of u r g e n cy w as a p p a r e nt to t he applicant, w ho s e e m ed to h a ve b e en m o t i v a t ed by o v e r w h e l m i ng m a l i ce the R u le N i si m u st be d i s c h a r g e d. It is a b u n d a n t ly clear, that there w as in fact, no m e r it in these applications. M A LA F I DE A n o t h er issue raised, a nd w h i ch I intend to d e al w i th at l e n g th b e c a u se it h as a great b e a r i ng on all o t h er issues raised a nd t he facts of b o th a p p l i c a t i o ns is that of M a la fide.. T he applicant c a me to c o u rt to o b t a in by h o ok or c r o o k, an o r d er restraining t he r e s p o n d e nt finally a nd p e r m a n e n t ly f r om c o m p e t i ng in t he m a r k et for sale, s u p p ly a nd distribution of L P G. T he T r a de c u s t o m a ry practice of c y l i n d er e x c h a n ge a m o n g st the supplier w as elaborately e x p l a i n ed by applicant w h i ch s h o ws that it k n ew its rights in that r e g a rd perfectly. In o r d er to o b t a in my s y m p a t h y, ( a nd I did feel s y m p a t h e t ic t o w a r ds t he applicant), lies w e re told. D e l i b e r a te a nd carefully calculated o m i s s i on w e re m a d e. It is a lie that t he r e s p o n d e nt fills or refills t he applicant's c y l i n d e rs w i th r e s p o n d e n t 's o wn L P G. It w as a deliberate a nd carefully c a l c u l a t ed o m i s s i on to fail to m e n t i on that these t wo parties, participate fully, as o f t en as a n y o ne of t h em feels t he n e ed to do s o, in that trade c u s t o m a ry e x c h a n ge of their cylinder. It w as m a l i c i o us to o b t a in by d e c e p t i on h o n e r o us a nd prejudicial interim o r d er w i t h o ut notice to the r e s p o n d e n t, m o re particularly, w h en recent e x c h a n g es h ad t a k en p l a ce a nd m o re e x c h a n g es c o u ld t a ke p l a ce a n y t i me as a p p l i c a nt w a n t e d. Its detectives failed to d e t e r m i ne that t he r e s p o n d e nt deals w i th A f r ox cylinders. F o l l o w i ng their (false) report, A f r ox e m p ty cylinders w e re in fact collected by applicant f r om t he r e s p o n d e n t. T he applicant h as n e v e r t h e l e ss c o me to c o u rt to restrain the r e s p o n d e nt f r om c o m p e t i ng w i th it. T he r e s p o n d e nt is falsely a c c u s ed of c o m m i t t i ng o f f e n c es w h en in fact a p p l i c a nt is t he p e r s on c o m m i t t i ng t h o se o f f e n c es alleged, falsely, against t he r e s p o n d e n t. T he a p p l i c a nt h as no b r a n ch offices a n d / or a g e n c i es so labelled h e re in L e s o t h o. A p p l i c a nt m a k es u se of distribution n e t w o r k. T h e re is no m e n t i on as I h a ve indicated earlier on of w h at this distribution n e t w o rk c o n s i s ts of e.g. s h o p, d e p o t s, w h o l e s a l es etc. T he r e s p o n d e nt h as a l l e g ed a nd p r o d u c ed a p h o t o g r a ph to s u b s t a n t i a te t he a l l e g a t i o n, that t he u n l a w f ul a c ts of filling or refilling of c y l i n d e rs b e l o n g i ng to a n o t h er w h o l e s a l e r, w i t h o ut that o t h er w h o l e s a l e r 's c o n s e n t, a re c o m m i t t ed by this a p p l i c a n t. On t he 25th M ay 1 9 99 it s h o u ld be n o t ed that by this d a t e, t he a p p l i c a nt h ad in its p o s s e s s i on t he e x - p a r te c o u rt o r d er o b t a i n ed on 8th M ay 1 9 9 9. An o b s e r v a t i on w as m a de by a nd p h o t o g r a p hs t a k en by t he d e p o n e nt of t he a n s w e r i ng affidavit, of t he refilling or filling of t he E L F g as c y l i n d er o w n ed by t he r e s p o n d e nt at t he a p p l i c a n t 's d e p ot at T e y a t e y a n e ng h e re in L e s o t h o. T he a p p l i c a nt d o es n ot d e ny that t he u n l a w f ul c o n d u ct p h o t o g r a p h ed by t he r e s p o n d e nt at that T e y a t e y a n e ng D e p ot d id t a ke p l a c e. T he d e n i al relates to t he n a me u s e d, n ot t he u n l a w f ul act. It is a r g u ed that t he a p p l i c a nt u s es a d i s t r i b u t i on n e t w o r k. T h at refilling of E L F g as c y l i n d er by t he a p p l i c a n t 's L PG w h i ch is n ot d e n i e d, is for t he b e n e f it of t he a p p l i c a n t. It is b e i ng d o ne in t he f u r t h e r a n ce of t he a p p l i c a n t 's o wn b u s i n e ss that of d i s t r i b u t i ng a nd s e l l i ng of its L P G. It is n ot c l a i m ed that a p p l i c a n t 's d i s t r i b u t or w as refilling E L F g as c y l i n d er w i th E L F g as L P G. A p p l i c a nt a c t u a l ly u s es t h e se d i s t r i b u t i on n e t w o r k. If u n l a w f ul a c ts a re c o m m i t t ed by a p p l i c a n t 's d i s t r i b u t o r s, t he liability f or s u ch acts m u st go to t he s u p p l i er - a p p l i c a nt h e r e i n. T he a l l e g a t i on that t h o se distributors a re refilling r e s p o n d e n t 's g as c y l i n d e rs a g a i n st a p p l i c a n t 's p o l i c y, d o es n ot h e lp this a p p l i c a n t 's c a s e. It is t he a p p l i c a n t 's d u ty to e n f o r ce its p o l i c y. T he failure to e n f o r ce its o wn p o l i cy is still its r e s p o n s i b i l i ty a nd m u st be visited w i th liability for failing in its o b l i g a t i o ns to r e s p e ct t he l a w. Its distribution n e t w o rk is distributing on its b e h a lf a nd f or t he f u r t h e r a n ce of its b u s i n e s s. W h en it c o m es to y et a n o t h er b r a ch of t he l a w, that is, t he u n l a w f ul r e m o v al f r om L e s o t ho of o ne w h o l e s a l e r 's c y l i n d e rs by a n o t h er c o m p e t i ng w h o l e s a l e r, t he a p p l i c a nt w ho c a me to c o u rt a nd falsely a c c u s ed t he r e s p o n d e nt of t h e se u n l a w f ul acts, is t he culprit. T he u n l a w f ul r e m o v al f r om this K i n g d o m, of t he r e s p o n d e n t 's c y l i n d e r s, by this a p p l i c a n t, m a k es s u ch c y l i n d e rs u n a v a i l a b le for t he r e s p o n d e nt to r e p o s s e ss in t he n o r m al e x c h a n ge of c y l i n d e rs e x e r c i s e. T h e re is a w e ll e s t a b l i s h ed p r i n c i p l e, that a p a r ty w ho c o m es to c o u rt m u st c o me w i th c l e an h a n d s. T he a p p l i c a nt c a me to c o u rt w i th v e ry dirty h a n d s. No c o u rt o r d er s h o u ld h a ve b e en p ut in s u ch dirty h a n d s. T he l aw a nd t he c o u rt in t h e se a p p l i c a t i on w e re b e i ng m a n i p u l a t ed to a f f o rd p r o t e c t i on to a p p l i c a nt w ho h as no r e s p e ct for t he s a m e. It w as after o b t a i n i ng t he c o u rt o r d e rs g r a n t ed on 8 / 5 / 9 9, a nd on 12th J u ly 1 9 9 9, that t he a p p l i c a nt w as n ow c a u g ht r ed h a n d ed b r e a k i ng t he l aw by t he r e s p o n d e n t. It w as on t he 25th M ay 1 9 99 w h en t he filling of E L F g as c y l i n d er w as p h o t o g r a p h ed at o ne of t he a p p l i c a n t 's distributor n e t w o r k s. On t he 30th J u ne t he t r u ck l o ad of E L F g as c y l i n d e rs w as o b s e r v ed a nd p h o t o g r a p h ed at t he M a s e ru b o r d er p o st c r o s s i ng into s o u th A f r i ca a g a i n st the specific statutory p r o v i s i on p r o h i b i t i ng s u ch r e m o v a l. S e c t i on 6 ( 1) L e g al N o t i ce N o. 93 of 1 9 97 [ L i q u i f i ed P e t r o l e um G as ( T r a de a nd H a n d l i n g) R e g u l a t i o n s ]. W h e t h er or n ot t he p o l i ce w e re alerted is i m m a t e r i a l. T he r e s p o n d e n t 's failure to r e p o rt to p o l i ce d o es n ot a f f o rd a ny g o od d e f e n ce for a p p l i c a n t 's u n l a w f ul acts. T he r e s p o n d e nt m ay h a ve r e p o r t e d. T he failure by t he p o l i ce to m a ke arrest c o u ld be d ue to v a r i o us r e a s o ns i n c l u d i ng c o r r u p t i o n. V e n t u r i ng into s p e c u l a t i on w hy t he a p p l i c a nt g e ts a w ay w i th this c r i m i n al acts will n ot s e r ve a ny u s e f ul p u r p o s e. T h e re a re serial m u r d e r e rs a nd rapists. W h en t h ey a re e v e n t u a l ly c a u g ht t h ey a re b r o u g ht to b o o k. T he t r u ck w h i ch is l o a d ed w i th t he r e s p o n d e n t 's c y l i n d e r s, in A n n e x u re ' B' is that of t he a p p l i c a n t. In t he r e p l y i ng affidavit, M r. P a r k er d o es n ot e x p l a in t he r e a s on for t he r e m o v al of t he r e s p o n d e n t 's c y l i n d e r s. T he t r u ck is at t he M a s e ru b r i d ge b e t w e en L e s o t ho a nd S o u th A f r i c a. T h at b o r d er p o st at M a s e r u, b e t w e en S o u th A f r i ca a nd t he K i n g d om of L e s o t ho is a n o t o r i o us p l a c e. T he fact is t he c o m m on k n o w l e d ge w h i ch this c o u rt is entitled to t a ke t he judicial n o t i ce of. T he a p p l i c a n t 's attitude r e g a r d i ng t he r e s p e ct f or t he l a w, a nd its m a n i p u l a t i on of c o u r t s, a re clear i n d i c a t o rs that it is v e ry c o n t e m p t u o us of b o t h. W h i le in t he p r o c e ss of c o m m i t t i ng o f f e n c es t he l aw a nd c o u r ts w e re u s ed to tie t he h a n ds of l aw a b i d i ng citizens w ho a re falsely b e i ng a c c u s ed of c o m m i t t i ng t h o se c r i m e s. T he r e v e l a t i o n s, m a de on t he r e t u rn d a te of t he R u le N i si i s s u e d, i n d i c a t ed w i t h o ut a d o u b t, t he b ad faith w i th w h i ch this a p p l i c a nt a c t e d. T h is a p p l i c a n t, s h o u ld c l e an its h a n ds by r e t u r n i ng t h o se c y l i n d e rs w h i ch it u n l a w f u l ly r e m o v ed f r om this k i n g d om into R e p u b l ic of S o u th A f r i c a. I s t r o n g ly r e c o m m e nd to t he l i c e n c i ng a u t h o r i ty to e n s u re that t he a p p l i c a nt is c o n t r o l l ed to o p e r a te its b u s i n e ss in t e r ms of t he l a ws of this K i n g d o m. T he a r r o g a n ce w i th w h i ch this a p p l i c a nt t r a m p le all o v er t he l a ws of this c o u n t r y, d e m a n ds his total e x c l u s i on f r om t he c o n t i n u ed o p e r a t i o ns of that b u s i n e ss h e re in L e s o t h o. T h is j u d g m e nt a nd t he p h o t o g r a p hs t a k en by t he r e s p o n d e nt a nd p r o d u c ed b e f o re this c o u rt m u st be p l a c ed b e f o re t he D e p a r t m e nt of t he M i n i s t ry of T r a de a nd I n d u s t ry w h i ch l i c e n c ed this a p p l i c a nt c o m p a ny to o p e r a te its w h o l e s a l er b u s i n e ss h e re in L e s o t h o. C a n c e l l a t i on of t he a p p l i c a n t 's l i c e n ce m u st be s e r i o u s ly c o n s i d e r e d. T he l a ws of this K i n g d om m u st be r e s p e c t ed by all w ho c o n d u ct their b u s i n e s s es on this l a n d. D e l i b e r a te b r e a k i ng of o ur l a ws by this a p p l i c a nt w a r r a n ts c a n c e l l a t i on a nd or d e n i al of i s s ue of l i c e n c es to it to c o n d u ct that b u s i n e ss h e re in L e s o t h o. In the light of t he c o n d u ct of t he a p p l i c a nt in t h e se t wo a p p l i c a t i o n s, its b u s i n e ss tactics are n ot o n ly u n e t h i c a l. T h ey are u n l a w f u l. T h at k i nd of b u s i n e ss s h o u ld n ot be a l l o w ed in this K i n g d o m. T h e se u n l a w f ul activities t o g e t h er w i th t he c o py of this j u d g m e nt m o st be h a n d ed to t he r e l e v a nt authorities to c o n s i d er a nd t a ke n e c e s s a ry s t e p s. C O U RT O R D ER 1. C o m i ng to c o u rt w h en there w as no n e ed a nd o b t a i n i ng e x - p a r te o r d er a g a i n st r e s p o n d e nt w h o se b u s i n e ss activities w e re u n d u ly a nd u n f a i r ly d i s r u p t e d. 2. S e e k i ng a final interdict by w ay of u r g e nt e x - p a r te a p p l i c a nt w h en he w as w e ll a w a re that t h e re will be m a t e r i al d i s p u t e, e s p e c i a l ly after t h o se t r a de c u s t om e x c h a n g es of c y l i n d e r s, w as t he total a b u se of t he p r o c e ss - u s ed w h en t h e re is no n e ed to do s o, as t he t r a de c u s t om e x c h a n ge e x e r c i se w as b e i ng practised. A ll t h e se w a r r a nt c o s ts at a t t o r n ey a nd client scale. L e s o t ho T e a c h e rs & R e s e a r c h e rs U n i on vs N ul C of A N o. 1 3 / 98 s h o ws that e v en w h e re s u ch c o s ts h a ve n ot b e en a s k ed f or t he c o u rt is entitled to s h ow its d i s p l e a s u re by a w a r d i ng s u ch c o s t s. B o th a p p l i c a t i o ns a re d i s m i s s ed w i th c o s ts at a t t o r n ey a nd client s c a l e. K. J. G U NI J U D GE 7th April 2 0 00 F or Applicant: F or R e s p o n d e n t: