Alice Anyona Mumo, Andrew Mwambingu Thomas, Asnath N. Chepkwony, Athanas Kilenge Kisumba, Ayub Kaburum Nkanatha, Batholomen Kitau Mwaghesha, Beatrice Kododa, Beatrice Ngima Gichuki, Beatrice Nthenya Kyalo, Benedict Gichuhi Ngatia, Betty Gatakaa Kariuki, Boniface Munyinyi Mukuria, Caroline A. Mueni Nzioka, Caroline Wanjiru Mbugua, Catherine Waithiru Mataha, Charles Magondu Waichinga, Chalres Muhuni Muriithi, Charles Odongo Opondo, Conslate Otieno Auya, David Akunda Osotsi, Dennis Ogoti Orina, Dinah Wanjiru Makeri, Donald Mbogholi Mkongo, Dan Nguri Nguchu, Duncan Samuel Macharia, Elizabeth Awino Onyango, Elizabeth Nduru Riungu, Esther Chepkurui Chepkwony, Esther Karen Awuor, Esther Mumbua Kyeva, Esther N. Mbugua, Esther Njeri Githagui, Faraji Fadhili Mdawida, Felix Mwamburi Mwadime, Festus Runguma Mugambi, Florence Aoko Ng’ong’a, Florence Atieno Odhiambo, Florence D. Kiamba, Francis Linus Emukule, Fredrick Njoka Kabungo, Gedion Muia Sila, George Kirigi Thogo, George Mulwa Silla, George Ogema Bily, Gerald Mugo K [2019] KEHC 10885 (KLR)

Full Case Text

REPUBLIC OF KENYA

IN THE HIGH COURT OF KENYA

AT NAIROBI

CONSTITUIONAL AND HUMAN RIGHTS DIVISION

PETITION NO. 88 OF 2018

1. ALICE ANYONA MUMO

2. ANDREW MWAMBINGU THOMAS

3. ASNATH N. CHEPKWONY

4. ATHANAS KILENGE KISUMBA

5. AYUB KABURUM NKANATHA

6. BATHOLOMEN KITAU MWAGHESHA

7. BEATRICE KODODA

8. BEATRICE NGIMA GICHUKI

9. BEATRICE NTHENYA KYALO

10. BENEDICT GICHUHI NGATIA

11. BETTY GATAKAA KARIUKI

12. BONIFACE MUNYINYI MUKURIA

13. CAROLINE A. MUENI NZIOKA

14. CAROLINE WANJIRU MBUGUA

15. CATHERINE WAITHIRU MATAHA

16. CHARLES MAGONDU WAICHINGA

17. CHALRES MUHUNI MURIITHI

18. CHARLES ODONGO OPONDO

19. CONSLATE OTIENO AUYA

20. DAVID AKUNDA OSOTSI

21. DENNIS OGOTI ORINA

22. DINAH WANJIRU MAKERI

23. DONALD MBOGHOLI MKONGO

24. DAN NGURI NGUCHU

25. DUNCAN SAMUEL MACHARIA

26. ELIZABETH AWINO ONYANGO

27. ELIZABETH NDURU RIUNGU

28. ESTHER CHEPKURUI CHEPKWONY

29. ESTHER KAREN AWUOR

30. ESTHER MUMBUA KYEVA

31. ESTHER N. MBUGUA

32. ESTHER NJERI GITHAGUI

33. FARAJI FADHILI MDAWIDA

34. FELIX MWAMBURI MWADIME

35. FESTUS RUNGUMA MUGAMBI

36. FLORENCE AOKO NG’ONG’A

37. FLORENCE ATIENO ODHIAMBO

38. FLORENCE D. KIAMBA

39. FRANCIS LINUS EMUKULE

40. FREDRICK NJOKA KABUNGO

41. GEDION MUIA SILA

42. GEORGE KIRIGI THOGO

43. GEORGE MULWA SILLA

44. GEORGE OGEMA BILY

45. GERALD MUGO KANGANGI

46. GRACE RIMA ABURU

47. GRACE TIMPIYIAN ROIMEN

48. GRAHAM WALIAULA SOITA

49. GRAVILLE MKULA MSHOTE

50. GREGORY TIBERIOUS MAERA

51. HELLEN MUGAMBI

52. HELLEN OUYA

53. HUNDSON MAYAKA NYOKWOYO

54. JACKTONE OTIATO SEWE

55. JAMES KARWE MWANGI

56. JAMES MUTEGI KAMUNDE

57. JAMES NYAKERI NYARONDIA

58. JSAON NGURI NJIRU

59. JENNIFER WANJIRU KIARIE

60. JEREMIA KOBIA

61. JOHN NYABUTO

62. JOHN KUNGU GACHERU

63. JOHN MARTIN AMBETSA

64. JOHN MURIUNGU ITONGA

65. JONATHAN S. KIROREI

66. JOSEPH GITURU KIGUTU

67. JOSEPH KILILO MWAGHAZI

68. JOSPEH KIPLILACH

69. JOSEPH MWAI KARIUKI

70. JOSEPH WAINAINA MWICIGI

71. JOSEPHAT MAUNDU WAMBUA

72. JOSEPHINE WANJIRU KARIGE

73. JOSHUA KIMETO

74. JOYCE JAMES

75. JOYCE MWIKALI MUINDI

76. JOYCE NJERI MWAURA

77. JULIUS WARUI

78. JUSTINA WAYUA NGUSU

79. KEN WILLIAMS GACHURU

80. KENNEDY ODERA

81. LORAINE W. MAINA

82. LUCY NGANGA

83. LUCY WANJIRU KIRUHI

84. LUCY WANJIRU MBUGUA

85. MARGARET NJERI WOKABI

86. MARGARET MUGURE MWORIA

87. MARY F. K. MUROKI

88. MARY GITHUI

89. MARY MWIKALI KIVUWA

90. MARY WAMBUI WAHOME

91. MICAH OCHWANG’I

92. MICHAEL NGATIA NDAMBUKI

93. MOSES KARIUKI

94. MOSES OTIENO OWEYA

95. MUKAMI MUNGE

96. NANCY NYAERA NYANG’AU

97. PAUL MUKUMU MBUGUA

98. PAUL OCHIENG WAUDI

99. PAUL A. OTIENO

100. PAULINE KATUNGE

101. PENINA GESARE NYAKANGA

102. PETER GITONGA KARUTHIRU

103. PETER GITUNGO WAKABA

104. PETER KUNI MIIO

105. PETER L. MWNAGI

106. PETERSON WANGAI MURAGE

107. RUKIA SAID RASHID

108. ROSEMARY W. BICHAGE

109. REUBEN KIPKORIR A. SEREM

110. REVEL KINYANJUI NDUNG’U

111. RHODA MUTHOKI KIOKO

112. RICARDA WANJIRA GUTU

113. RICHARD KIPROP KIPTOO

114. RICHARD LEPOSO

115. ROSE NDERITU KANGELA WANGARI

116. ROSEMARY THUKU

117. RUTH NYAMBOKE SAGWE

118. SALMA SEIF SULEIMAN

119. SAMUEL ISOE

120. SAMUEL KARAMJA KAGWI

121. SAMUEL KARANJA MURIAKIARA

122. SHOLA NJAMBI GICHURU

123. SCHOLASTICA NYAGUTHIE MUTURI

124. SCOLASTICA MWIKALI ONCHONGA

125. SEBASTIAN NJUE

126. SOLOMON MUHOYA MATHENGE

127. SOLOMON ONYANGO ODIDI

128. SOPHIE M. NDALANA

129. STANISLOUS KUMBA NZETI

130. STELLA KINANA KIRIMI

131. STELLA M. ILLUMBA

132. STEPHEN MUSYOKI MUSANGAO

133. TABITHA BITHE SUKALI

134. THOMAS NJAGI GUTU

135. TOWETT MBATHI KAMUKWA

136. VIRGINAIA WANJIRU GETATA

137. WILFRED SIMON HARE

138. WILSON NZUKI KAVEKE

139. WILSON SAMSON ODUOR

140. WINFRED KAGOMBE

141. ZAKAYO OBWAYA

142. STEPHEN M. MURIUKI GATWAGI

143. SERAH SAMATO ROIMEN

144. THOMAS NYAKAMBA OKONGO

145. NORAH NYABOKE OGETO

146. SHENAN GACHEKE KAMOTHO

147. EPHANTUS W. NGOCHI

148. HASSAN MALIBE MOROWA

149. FRANCIS OCHIENG OWINO

150. ESTHER WAMBUI GITHAIGA

151. ELVIS TOLE RIGHA

152. DRCAS MKUNGUSI

153. ANNE CHEPKURUI MULU

154. JANE WANJIRU NGENGA

155. JHN STEPHEN OTWANE

156. JACINTA AKINYI MZEE

157. BOAZ PHILIP OUMA

158. JAMES KAMAU KIBATHI

159. MARION GATUMWA MWORIA

160. HUTCHINSON WAHOME KAROGO

161. NELLY WAVINYA

162. EDWARD MWANGI KAMAU

163. IRENE NJERI KAMAU

164. JAMES MBUGUA KIIRU

165. JOSEPH MWANGI MAIRUNGI

166. NELSEN KITELE

167. JOSEPH WANG’ANG’A

168. PHILIP KENYA

169. RITA NALIAKA

170. ABRAHAM MACKIE MUTISYA KILONZO

171. ALICE WAKIURU MAU

172. ANGELO MUNENE WACHIURU

173. ANNE NYAMBURA MACHARIA

174. ANNE WANGARI THIONGO

175. ANNE WANGUI MATU

176. ANTHONY A. J. M. NJAU

177. CATHERINE WANGUGU NJOGU

178. DAVID K. KAMAU ASHFORD

179. DIANAH WAMVUA GONAH

180. HANNAH N. WAMBUI

181. GABRIEL L. WANGUI MUNGAHU

182. ISHMAEL NYAMBU MWANDAWIRO

183. JAMES CHEGE THIONGO

184. JANE WAIRIMU NGANGA

185. JOHN MUTISYA MUINDE

186. JOSEPH KAKOLE

187. JOSEPH KAMAU GICHUKI

188. JOYCE KIUNGA ISAIA

189. LOISE MUTHONI GIKONYO

190. MARY WATARE KIUMI

191. MERCY NJOKI KINYUA

192. MILDRED KAREN SANDE

193. NAHASHON WAWERU KAMAU

194. OMWENGA EUNICE MORAA NYARIBU

195. PAUL N. KITEMA

196. PETER M. MWANGI

197. PETER NGANGA KARIUKI

198. PHILIP P. NJAGI

199. RACHEL NYAMBURA GICHIA

200. ROSE OCHINGWA

201. RUTH WATHARA NJATHIKA

202. SAMUEL MUNYAU NZIOKA

203. STELLA JANET NZISA KITALE

204. TERESIA WANGUI KANILI

205. VERONICA WANJIKU KING’ORI

206. VINCENT KIBOI WAKABA

207. ZIPORA JALEGA MUSALIA

208. CELESTINE ROBERT SUTI

209. JOHN NGARI THIONGO

210. MOSES O. ONDINGO

211. WANJALA MARTIN KISOMBE

212. JACKSON KALYA KENDUIYWO

213. NEHEMIA ONYANGO ONYANGO

214. OLIVIA PENIAH OWUOR

215. PRISCA JERONO KAOKO

216. DAVID OMONDI OKEBIRO

217. DICKSON OPOLO OKUMU

ALL SUING AS.............................................................................PETITIONERS

VERSUS

THE ATTORNEY GENERAL...............................................1ST RESPONDENT

HON. HENRY ROTICH

CABINET SECRETARY FOR FINANCE.........................2ND RESPONDENT

NZOMO MUTUKU, ACTING D.E.O.

RETIREMENT BENEFITS AUTHORITY........................3RD RESPONDENT

JUDGMENT

1. The 217 Petitioners are retirees of the Co-operative Bank of Kenya Limited, Housing finance company of Kenya Limited, Kenya Post and Telecommunications Corporation, National Museum of Kenya and Nairobi water and Sewerage Company Ltd. They filed this Petition against the Attorney General, the Principal Legal Advisor to the Government and Legal Representative of the National Government in Civil Proceedings in which the National government is a party, and the Cabinet Secretary in-charge of Finance, the 1st and 2nd Respondents respectively.

2. The Petitioners aver that on leaving their employment in the various organizations, they lodged various claims regarding their underpaid pension benefits with the Retirement Benefits Authority and later with the Retirement Benefits Appeal Tribunal, a body that is supposed to be constituted by the 2nd Respondent.

3. The Petitioners further aver that their claims were lodged pursuant to section 46(1) of the Act and by virtue of section 48, being dissatisfied with the decision of the Authority; they appealed to the tribunal which is established under section 47 of the Act.

4. It is the Petitioner’s case that since the expiry of the term of members of the tribunal in 2017, the 2nd Respondent has not appointed members as required, with the effect that the Petitioners’ appeals cannot be heard in the absence of members of the tribunal. It is the Petitioners’ further case that as a result of the 2nd Respondent’s neglect in appointing members of the tribunal, they have been denied the right of access to justice since their appeals cannot be heard in the absence of members of the tribunal.

5. The Petitioners therefore sought the following reliefs:

(a) A declaration that the 2nd Respondent has breached the Petitioners’ constitutional and fundamental freedoms enshrined in Articles 22, 23, 44, 47, 48, 57, 73, 75 and 159 of the Constitution.

(b) A declaration that the 2nd Respondent is not fit and proper person with due regards to their conduct (sic) dignity personal integrity and suitability to hold public offices.

(c) An order directing the 2nd Respondent to discharge his statutory duty to reconstitute the Retirement Benefits Appeal Tribunal under section 47 of the Retirement Benefits Act

(d) Alternatively, an order directing that the pending cases at the Tribunal filed by the Petitioners be transferred to the Employment and Labour Relations Court for hearing and disposals.

(e) Costs of the Petition be borne by the Respondents.

Respondents’ response

6. No response on behalf of the Respondents is on record.

Petitioners’ submissions

7. Miss Maina, learned counsel for the Petitioners, relied on their written submissions dated 8th November, 2018. She added that failure to appoint members of the tribunal has in effect violated and continues to violate the Petitioners’ rights of access to justice. In the counsel’s view, the Petitioners are advanced in age and members of a vulnerable group whose rights continue to be violated.

8. In their written submissions the Petitioners submitted that there is no reason or excuse given by the 2nd Respondent for not appointing members of the tribunal and, therefore, this is a dereliction of his statutory duties which has had a detrimental effect on the Petitioners’ rights. They submitted that Article 48 of the Constitution protects their right of access to justice which right should not be unreasonably denied; that the Petitioners have a constitutional right and legitimate expectation that their appeals to the tribunal under section should be heard and determined without delay and that the 2nd Respondent while exercising his authority and powers under the Act, is subject to the standards prescribed under Chapter 6 of the Constitution.

9. According to the Petitioners, a considerable period has lapsed without action being taken by the Respondents to ease the Petitioners’ concerns. In the Petitioners’ view, the delay in appointing members of the tribunal has denied them the right to fair hearing and, as such, the Respondents have violated and continue to violate the Constitution and the law. They relied on the Supreme Court decision inKenya wildlife Services v Agricultural Corporation(Petition No. 11 of 2015) for the submission that where a statutory obligation is imposed on a person, such obligation cannot be abdicated by that person even if it is expressly permissible under the constitution or statute to do so.

10. On what amounts to access to justice, the Petitioners relied on Okeyo Omwansa George & Another v Attorney General & 2 Others (Petition No. 126 of 2011) with regard to the definition of the phrase ‘access to justice’.

11. The Petitioners further submitted that the 2nd Respondent’s inaction violates their right to a fair administration guaranteed under Article 47 of the Constitution and relied on the decision inDairy Associates Ltd v Capital Markets authority and Another(Petition No. 328 of 2011). The Petitioners argued that their right to fair administration has been violated since they are unaware of the reasons why the tribunal has not been constituted.

Respondents’ submissions

12. Mr. Mombo, learned counsel for the Respondents, relied on their written submissions dated 6th November 2018 and filed in court on 7th November 2018 and urged the court to dismiss the Petition.

13. In the written submissions the Respondents argued that the court cannot declare the 2nd Respondent unfit to hold public office. It is their submission that section 42 of the Leadership and Integrity Act provides that a person who alleges that a state officer has committed a breach of the code, is required to lodge a complaint with the relevant public entity (the Ethics and Anti-Corruption Commission) which has then to enquire into the complaint. It is their further submission that section 43 provides what has to be done where investigation discloses that either civil or criminal proceedings ought to be instituted against the state officer concerned. They argued that the order sought to declare the 2nd Respondent unfit to hold public office cannot therefore be granted. They relied on Benson Ritho Mureithi v J. Wakhungu & 2 Others[2014] e KLR andSpeaker of the National Assembly v James Njenga Karume[1992] e KLR.

14. On whether the cases should be referred to the Employment and Labour Relations Court, the Respondents contend that the ELRC cannot replace the tribunal. In the Respondents’ view, where there is a procedure for redress of any particular grievance prescribed by the Constitution or statute, that procedure should be followed. They relied on Hadkinson v Hadkinson(1952) 2 ALLER and Speaker of the National Assembly v James Njenga Karume(Supra).

15. They contended that under Articles 162 (2) and 165 (5) of the Constitution, the matters reserved for the ELRC are Employment matters only and, therefore, ELRC cannot substitute the tribunal.

Determination

16. I have considered the petition, submissions made on behalf of the parties and the authorities relied on. The Petition raises one fundamental issue, namely; whether the 2nd Respondent is in a dereliction of his duty in failing to appoint members of the tribunal and depending on the answer to this issue, and whether as a consequent he has violated the Petitioners right to access to justice.

17. The facts of this petition are not in dispute. The Petitioners plead that they were employees of various organizations and on leaving employment, they lodged claims with the Retirement Benefits Authority over what they say was unfair or under paid pension benefits. The claims were lodged as required by section 46(1) of the Act. On the Authority making decision, they lodged appeals with the Retirement Benefits Tribunal, established under section 47 of the Act.

18. The Petitioners contended, however, that their cases have not been heard by the tribunal simply because the tribunal’s mandate expired in February 2017 and to date the 2nd Respondent has not appointed members to the tribunal and for that reason, there is no tribunal in place. The Petitioners therefore argued that this has violated their rights of access to justice since their appeals cannot be heard and determined in the absence of members of the tribunal. They argued that the 2nd Respondent has violated the law, their rights, is in dereliction of duty and is not fit to hold office.

19. The court has not been able to trace the Respondents’ response to the petition at least from the record. Even in their oral submissions the Respondents’ counsel did not allude to any response having been filed. They however filed written submissions which I have carefully gone through. I am bot able to trace any submission on whether members of the tribunal have been appointed or not, and if not why this has not been done.

20. The Retirement Benefits Tribunal is established under section 47of the Act under which members are appointed. The section states that the Minister shall by order published in the Gazette establish an Appeals Tribunal to hear appeals under the Act. The Tribunal consists of a chairperson and four members appointed by the minister to hold office for three years. The chair person should be an advocate of the High Court of not less than seven years standing while quorum should be the chairperson and four members. Under section 48(1), any person aggrieved by a decision of the Authority or of the Chief Executive Officer under the provisions of this Act or any regulations made thereunder may appeal to the Tribunal within thirty days of the receipt of the decision.

21. The Petitioners have argued that the term of the previous team expired in February 2017. Whereas this petition was filed on 12th March 2018 one year after expiry of the term of the members of the tribunal, no action had been taken to reconstitute the tribunal. Even at the time of hearing of this petition, the 2nd Respondent had not discharged his statutory obligation. In the absence of any explanation on the part of the 2nd Respondent for his failure to act as required by law, I take it that the Respondents have no answer to the Petitioners’ claim. I therefore hold that the 2nd Respondent is in dereliction and abdication of his duty.

Whether Petitioners’ right of access to justice has been violated

22. The law requires anyone aggrieved by the decision of the authority to appeal to the tribunal established under section 47 of the Act. The Petitioners argued that they filed appeals before the tribunal but their appeals have not been heard due to the absence of members of the tribunal. Appointment of members of the tribunal is a statutory function of the 2nd Respondent. The mandate of the tribunal is to hear appeals, a procedural of law that is to be followed before one can access the mainstream court system in the event there is need to have any dispute resolved by the court. An aggrieved party cannot readily access the court without going through the procedure laid down in the statute.

23. In that respect, it is important to appreciate the position as stated by the Court of Appeal inSpeakers of the National Assembly v James Njema Karume (Supra) that “where there is a clear procedure for the redress of any particular grievance prescribed by the Constitution or an Act of Parliament, that procedure should be strictly followed.” It is therefore an established principle of law that a party may not access the High court where there is an alternative remedy available for resolving such a dispute or procedure provided for like in the petitioners’ case through the tribunal.

24. The 2nd Respondent has not discharged his statutory obligation as required by law. He has not explained was he has not done so and he has not given any explanation or justification to this court for his inaction. He has simply remained silent leaving everyone to guess what.

25. The petitioners have argued that the 2nd Respondent’s inaction has had the effect of violating their right of access to justice; that failure to appoint members of the tribunal has stalled hearing of their appeals and as a result, they cannot access justice, a right guaranteed by Article 48 of the Constitution. Article 48 grants every person the right of access to justice. It enjoins the state to ensure access to justice for all.

26. In Dry Associates Limited v Capital Markets Authority and Another[2012] e KLR, the court addressed the issue of access to justice stating:

“[110] Access to justice is a broad concept that defies definition. It includes the enshrinement of rights in the law; awareness of and understanding of the law; easy availability of information pertinent to one’s rights; equal right to the protection of those rights by law enforcement agencies; easy access to the justice system particularly the formal adjudication processes; availability of physical legal infrastructure; affordability of legal services; provision of a conducive environment within the judicial system; expeditious disposal of cases and enforcement of judicial decision in without delay.” (Emphasis).

27. One of the fundamental values of the right of access to justice is quick disposal of disputes which cannot be achieved in the absence of a tribunal contemplated under section 47 of the Act. Apart from Article 48 which provides for access to justice, Article 159(2)(a) and (b) of the Constitution restates the principle of quick disposal of disputes thus;

“In exercising judicial authority, the courts and tribunals shall be guided by the principle that (a) justice shall be done to all irrespective of status. (b) justice shall not be delayed.”

28. Resolving disputes without delay is a constitutional principle that justice should be dispensed without delay and therefore it binds every person as demanded by Article 10 because it is an incidence of the rule of law and human rights. The fact that the petitioners’ cases are still pending before a nonexistent tribunal because its members are yet to be appointed more than two years since the term of the previous team expired, with no prospect of their appointment in the near future, means the Petitioners’ cases will not be heard that soon. This, in my view, is a clear violation of the Petitioners’ constitutional rights to access justice and have their disputes resolved without delay and therefore contravenes Articles 48 and 159(2)(b) of the Constitution.

29. The 2nd Respondent is a state officer who should act in accordance with the Constitution and the law. The failure to discharge his mandate in so far as appointment of members the tribunal is concerned violates fundamental principles of our constitution.

30. The 1st Respondent is the principal legal advisor to the Government. His mandate flows form the Constitution. Article 156(6) places on his office the duty to promote, protect and uphold the rule of law and defend public interest. The 2nd Respondent as a public officer performs public functions. His actions in so far as appointing members of the tribunal is concerned affect the vital aspect of the rule of law and administration of justice which falls within the scope of the 1st Respondent’s mandate.

31. The 1st Respondent as a protector of the rule of law and public interests would include ensuring that the tribunal functions for purposes of administering justice to the people of Kenya. He has the onerous responsibility of advising the 2nd Respondent to act as required by law. He also seems to have failed to discharge his mandate as the court has not been able to trace any reasons on record why this state of affairs continues to afflict the Petitioners whose quest to access to justice appears frustrated in his own eyes. This is so because it is not clear to the court whether the 1st Respondent has in anyway tried to advise the 2nd Respondent to act and, if not why. In the circumstances, the 1st Respondent cannon escape blame for the situation the Petitioners find themselves in.

32. From the analysis above, it is clear to me and, I so find, that the 1st Respondent’s inaction a violation of the law and amounts to a dereliction of duty whose result has violated the Petitioners’ constitutional rights including the right of access to justice.

33. The Petitioners urged the court to find that the 2nd Respondent is not fit to hold office by virtue of this violation of the law and sought a declaration to that effect. I do not think this one time infraction is sufficient to form a basis for such a finding and or declaration.

34. Having therefore considered the Petition the constitution and the law, I am satisfied that the Petitioners’ have made out a case and their petition should succeed.Consequently, the petition dated 8th March 2018 is allowed and I make the following orders which I find appropriate in the circumstances of this case.

(a) A declaration is hereby issued that the 2nd Respondent’s failure to appoint members of the Appeals Tribunal as contemplated by section 47(2) 0f the Retirement Benefits Act has violated the Petitioners’ constitutional rights and fundamental freedoms guaranteed under Articles 47, 48, and 159 of the Constitution.

(b) An order is hereby issued directing the 2nd Respondent to discharge his statutory mandate and reconstitute the Retirement Benefits Appeal Tribunal under section 47 of the Retirement Benefits Act within sixty (60) days from the date of this judgment.

Dated, Signed and Delivered at Nairobi this 13th Day of September 2019.

E C MWITA

JUDGE