Amisi Dhatemwa alias waibi v Uganda [1978] UGSC 3 (8 August 1978)

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rosoft.com/office/word/2003/wordml}}\paperw12240\paperh15840\margl1440\margr1440\margt1440\margb1440\gutter0\ltrsect \widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\trackmoves0\trackformatting1\donotembedsysfont0\relyonvml0\donotembedlingdata1\grfdocevents0\validatexml0\showplaceholdtext0\ignoremixedcontent0\saveinvalidxml0\showxmlerrors0\noxlattoyen \expshrtn\noultrlspc\dntblnsbdb\nospaceforul\formshade\horzdoc\dgmargin\dghspace180\dgvspace180\dghorigin1440\dgvorigin1440\dghshow1\dgvshow1 \jexpand\viewkind1\viewscale100\pgbrdrhead\pgbrdrfoot\splytwnine\ftnlytwnine\htmautsp\nolnhtadjtbl\useltbaln\alntblind\lytcalctblwd\lyttblrtgr\lnbrkrule\nobrkwrptbl\snaptogridincell\allowfieldendsel\wrppunct \asianbrkrule\rsidroot14961118\newtblstyruls\nogrowautofit \fet0{\*\wgrffmtfilter 2450}\ilfomacatclnup0\ltrpar \sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid12323554\sftnbj {\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (} {\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9 \pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qc \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid12262638 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12262638\charrsid12262638 IN THE COURT OF APPEAL FOR UGANDA \line AT KAMPALA \line (Coram: Saied, C. J.,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14232842 Nyamuchoncho, J. A., Ssekandi,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6707210 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14232842 J.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12262638\charrsid12262638 A.) \par CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12262638\charrsid12262638 23 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12262638\charrsid12262638 OF 1977 \par BETWEEN \line AMISI DHATEMWA ALIAS WAIBI ..................................................................... APPELLANT \line AND \line UGANDA \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85 .. RESPONDENT \line (Appeal from a conviction and sentence \line of the High Court of Uganda at Jinja \line (Butagira, J.) dated 12th October, 1977 \line in \line Criminal Session Case No. 123 of 1977 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid12262638\charrsid12262638 JUDGMENT OF THE COURT\line \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid15092355 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid12262638 SSEKANDI, J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid12262638\charrsid12262638 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 The appe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14232842 llant, Amisi Dhatemwa alias Wa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 ibi, was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14232842 convicted on 13th October, 1977}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 , by the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14232842\charrsid12262638 High}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12262638 Court sitting at Jinja, of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 murder of Silvesteri Kittambo on 12th October, 1975 at Mpumudde \line village in North Busoga }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14232842\charrsid12262638 Distri}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14232842 ct}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12262638 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14232842 the}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12262638 prisoner now appeals to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 this Court against}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12262638 both conviction and sentence. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 The appellant and the dece}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12262638 ased were brothers. On the day }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 of the murder both attended a beer party at}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12262638 the home of Takute }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 (P.w.6) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 and drank local beer. The party started at 12.00 noon. \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 They left the beer party at about }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12262638 8.00}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14232842 p.m.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12262638 The following }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 morning the body of the deceased was found lying }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 on a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 pat}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14232842 h near the road to Mpum}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12262638 udde. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 The facts accepted by the learned, trial judge in this case were that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9530723 appellant was seen that evening by Wankya (P. W}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12262638 .7) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9530723 walking from his home carrying an}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 axe. }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9530723 Wankya}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 followed the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9530723 appellant and from a distance}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14232842 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12262638 bout 50 yards, he heard a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 sound of cutting }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9530723 and something falling down. He went near but the appellant got hold of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12262638 hi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9530723 s collar an}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12262638 d asked him not to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 mention anythin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9530723 g of what he had}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12262638 seen; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9530723 Wankya}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12262638 replied that he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 saw nothing.}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9530723 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 He pushed him down and ordere}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9530723 d him to go back to his house. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 Wankya went back home. At night }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9530723\charrsid12262638 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 appellant visited Wankya\rquote s home twice, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9530723 Wankya}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9530723\charrsid12262638 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 refused to open for him. The following day }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 he went to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 where he had heard the Sound of cutting and there he found the body of the deceased. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9530723\charrsid12262638 It}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 was on a path near a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 mango }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 tree. Wankya went and informed the chiefs that he had seen the appellant the previous evening near where the body was lying. The chiefs went with him to the home of the accused but the accused was not present}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9530723 . The house of the accused was s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9530723 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 rched by the mutongole chief and a blood stained axe }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9530723 was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 recovered from that house. Wankya identified the axe as the one }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9530723 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 e }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 seen the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9530723 previous evening with the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 accused. This axe was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 tendered as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9530723 an exhibit at the trial. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 The body of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9530723\charrsid12262638 deceased}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9530723 was first found by Bwamiki (P.w.5), at about 7.00 a}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 .m. He }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9530723 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 eported the matter to the village chief and subsequently the police were called to the scene. The police took the body to Jinja Hospital. We do }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 not know what happened after }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 this except for a statement from the Bar by the prosecutor that the body was examined by a doctor but }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9530723 he}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 could not be traced to give evidence at the trial. We think that the rep}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9530723 ort could have been tendered }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 in evidence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 in acc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9530723 ordance w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 ith }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 s.30 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9530723 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 f the Evidence Act, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 if there }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 was evidence that the doctor had left the country or that the attendance of th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9530723 e doctor could not be procured without an am}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 ount of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9530723\charrsid12262638 u}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9530723 nreasonable delay or expense. \par The evidence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9530723 elied}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 up}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9530723 on by}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9530723\charrsid12262638 learned}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9530723 trial judge }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9530723 ith regard to the state}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9530723 of the body when}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 it }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9530723\charrsid12262638 was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 found that m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10511269 orning was g iver by Tatuke (PW 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 ), }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10511269 Wankya (P. W.7) and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 Detective }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10511269\charrsid12262638 Corporal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10511269 Mugerwa (P. W.8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 ). Tatuke testified that he learned of the death of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10511269\charrsid12262638 deceased}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10511269\charrsid12262638 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10511269 M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 orning of 13th October, 1975 the day after the party. He }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 went }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 to the scene where he found the body of the deceased in a pool of blood.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10511269 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 It had a cut wound on the back of th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12131571 e head and near the right ea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10511269 r. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 Wank}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12131571 ya testified that he saw two dee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 p cut wounds on the head cause}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12131571 d by a sharp weapon. D/Cpl. Mugerwa said that he}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 saw }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 \'93two large wounds near the left ear and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12131571\charrsid12262638 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10511269 right e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12131571 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10511269 r, on the head\'94. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 A confession alleged to have been made by the appellant to a magistrate before the trial was also tendered in evidence. This confession was admitted following a ruling by the trial court that it had been made by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12131571\charrsid12262638 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 appellant and that it was voluntary. The appellant objected to its admissibility on the ground that it had been prepared by the magistrate from a statement he had made to the police. He alleged that the police beat him before he made the police }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12131571\charrsid12262638 statement}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 . In this statement the accused }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12131571 is alleged to have told the Magi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 strate, who recorded it, that, at the beer party the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12131571\charrsid12262638 deceased}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 initiated a quarrel with him. The quarrel was over the deceased\rquote s daughters whom the appellant had given away in marriage. The deceased abused hi m and then left the party. The appellant also left the party. He found the deceased waiting for him on the way. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12131571 A fight broke o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 ut and the appellant ran to his home. He picked up what he thought was a stick but which turned out to be an axe. He ran to where he had left the deceased and, in the heat of anger, he cut the deceased in the middle of the head and on the side of the ear. He then ran to his home. The following day he went back to where he had cut the deceased. He found that the deceased had already died. Out of fear he bid himself in the bush. After sometime, he we}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12131571 nt to his father\rquote s home}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 but his father advised him to surrender }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12131571 him}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12131571\charrsid12262638 self}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12131571\charrsid12262638 chiefs}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 . On 15th }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12131571\charrsid12262638 October}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 , 1975 the chief went and arreste}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12131571 d him at the home of his father. \par The appellant gave a s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12131571\charrsid12262638 hort}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12131571\charrsid12262638 unsworn}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 statement at the trial. He said the case against }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12131571\charrsid12262638 him}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 had been fabricated, He testified}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12131571 that he returned from Namaganga}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 on 13th October, 1975. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12131571

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 He found his young brother }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12131571\charrsid12262638 had}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 already }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12131571\charrsid12262638 been}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 killed. On 15th October, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 1975 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 the mutongole chief }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 arrested }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 him and took him to the gonbolo1 headquarters. }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5005685\charrsid12262638 From}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 there he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5005685 taken to the police.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 The police started beating him hut ho denied killing his brother. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5005685 A }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 blood staine}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5005685 d axe was then produced. He told the police}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 that the axe was his but}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5005685 he had used it to cut m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12131571 eat. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 Mr. Ayigihugu who }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5005685\charrsid12262638 represented}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 the appellant in this appeal }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5005685 Complained that the learned trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 judge erred in relying on the evidence of the axe to convict }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5005685\charrsid12262638 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 appellant especially as there was no medical evidence to prove that the injuries on the decea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5526255 sed were consistent with the use}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 of an axe. H}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5526255 e also submitted that the confession was wrongly admitted in evidence as no proper trial was held to determine the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 admissibility of that confession. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5526255\charrsid12262638 Mr. Ayigihugu }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5526255 made other compl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5526255\charrsid12262638 aints}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 about the judgment generally particularly with regard to th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5526255 e burden of proof which we do no}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 t }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5526255 consider material. We are}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 of the view }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5526255 that the first two grounds of appeal are the most perti}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 nent to this appeal. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12131571 \par The main evidence against t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14615867 he appellant was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 ess entially circumstantial. The learned trial judge relied on four main pieces of evidence. First, that the deceased was last seen alive with the appellant when they both left Tatuke\rquote s home at about 8.00 p.m. after a beer party. Secondly, that Wankya saw the appellant carrying an axe that evening and heard noise of cutting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12131571 at a place where the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13376218 deceased\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12131571 body was found the following day with cut wounds on the head. Thirdly, that the axe seen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13376218 with the appellant was recovered from his home and it was blood stained. Fourthly, that the cut wounds seen on the body were consistent with the usage of a sharp weapon and caused the death of the deceased.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13376218 With regard to the cause of death, we said earlier that there was no post-mortem in this case to prove that the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8659792 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 deceased died from the injuries seen on the body by the witnesses. We think that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 where }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 medical evidence as to the cause of death }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 exists }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8659792 it must be adduced in evidence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 In this case the learned trial judge was of the view that there was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8659792\charrsid12262638 abundant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 evidence }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 prove that the deceased}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8659792 sustained deep cut wounds and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 that he died from }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15093746 these wounds. He}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8659792 relied on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid8659792 Waihi }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid8659792\charrsid8659792 vs}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid14961118\charrsid8659792 Uganda}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 , (1968) E. A.278. In Waihi\rquote s case the }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8659792\charrsid12262638 body}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8659792 was exhumed for an autopsy b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 ut the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8659792 doctor could not find any inju}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 ries as it was already decomposed. There was, however, abundant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8659792 oth}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 er evidence particularly from the confession made by the accused persons to prove that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8659792\charrsid12262638 deceased}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8659792 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 had met a violent de}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8659792 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 th. The body was found buried. It was fully clothed and enclosed in a sack. Th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8659792 ere was a strip of elastic wound tigh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8659792\charrsid12262638 tly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8659792 , but}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8659792\charrsid12262638 knotted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 , round the neck and the hands were tied behind the back. The sack was itself tied with ropes. The trial court and the Court of Appeal were satisfied that the evidence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8659792 pointed to n unlawful killing. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 In the instant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8659792\charrsid12262638 case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 , the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8659792\charrsid12262638 prosecution}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 was in possession of the autopsy }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8659792\charrsid12262638 report}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8659792 was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 not produced for reasons we find extremely }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8659792\charrsid12262638 unsatisfactory}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8659792\charrsid12262638 There}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 evidence in a case exists, especially }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8659792\charrsid12262638 medical}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 evidence, and the prosecution does}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8659792 not produce it, it may be a sig}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 n th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8659792 at such evidence is not favour}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 able. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 We do not know what were the findings of the doctor regarding the state of the body nor do we know what was the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 cause }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 of death. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8659792 We}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 think that the decision in Waihi must be restricted to the peculiar facts of that case. T he case ought not to be used indiscriminately to fill gaps }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8659792 in the prosecution case. In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid8659792 Waih}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid8659792\charrsid8659792 i }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8659792 there was m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8659792\charrsid12262638 edical}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8659792 evidence albeit inconclusive. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 However, there is no dispute that the person named in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11491618\charrsid12262638 indictment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11491618\charrsid12262638 Silvesteri Kittambo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 , is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11491618 dead.}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11491618\charrsid12262638 His}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 body was seen }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 many }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11491618\charrsid12262638 witnesses}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11491618 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11491618 n the m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 ornin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11491618 g}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11491618 f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 13th October, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 l975. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11491618 It h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 ad deep cut wounds }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11491618 on the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 head. }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11491618 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 central }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11491618\charrsid12262638 issue}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 in the present case was whether it was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11491618\charrsid12262638 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11491618 appell}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11491618\charrsid12262638 ant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11491618 who killed the deceased. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 The chain of circumsta}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11491618 ntial evidence implicating the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 appellant r evolved around the blood stained axe found in his home the day }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12216445 after the deceased was killed. W}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 ankya testified that he saw the appellant with it at the mat}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15093746 erial time the deceased is alleged to h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 ave been killed. The trial court found that that axe }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 used to inflict th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15093746 e cut w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11491618 ounds seen on the body. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 It is true to say that circumstantial evidence is very often the best evidence. It is evidence of surrounding circumstances which, by undersigned coincidence is capable of proving facts in issue quite accurately ; it is no derogation of evidence to say that it is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15093746\charrsid12262638 circumstantial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15093746 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid15093746\charrsid5976707 See: R }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid14961118\charrsid5976707 vrs\emdash Tailor, We}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid15093746\charrsid5976707 ver and Donovan. 21 Cr, App. R. 20}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid14961118\charrsid5976707 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 However, it in trite law that circumstantial }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6441202\charrsid12262638 evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 must always be narrowly examined, only because evidence of this kind may b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11491618 e fabricated to cast suspicion }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 on another. It is, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6441202\charrsid12262638 therefore}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 necessary before dr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6441202 awing the inference of the accus}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 ed guilt}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6441202 from }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6441202\charrsid12262638 circumstantial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11491618 evidence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6441202 to be sure that there are}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 no o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6441202 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6441202 r e co-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 existing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6441202 circumstances}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11491618 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6441202\charrsid12262638 which}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 would weaken or destroy the inference. See: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid14961118\charrsid5976707 Teper \emdash vrs\emdash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid14961118\charrsid5976707 P. (1952) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid14961118\charrsid5976707 A. C. 480 at p 489 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid6441202\charrsid5976707 See also: Simon Musoke \emdash vrs\emdash R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid11491618\charrsid5976707 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid14961118\charrsid5976707 (1958) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid14961118\charrsid5976707 E. A. 715,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 cited with approval in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid14961118\charrsid5976707 Yowana Serwadda \emdash vrs\emdash }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid14961118\charrsid5976707 Uganda Cr. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid15093746\charrsid5976707 Appl. No. 11 of 1977 (U. C. A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid11491618\charrsid5976707 ). \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 The burden of proof in criminal cases is always upon the prosecution and a case based }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 on a chain }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 of circumstantial evidence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 only as strong as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 its }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 weakest }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 link. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 The weak link in this case }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6441202 is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 the issue of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 axe produced }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6441202 at the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 trial }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6441202 as the murder wea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 pon}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6441202 . Cons}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6441202\charrsid12262638 idering}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 the exte}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6441202 nt of the injuries seen on the b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6441202\charrsid12262638 ody}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6441202 of the deceased by the witnesses the axe,}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 which was used, if }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6441202 an axe was used at all could}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6441202 but have been carried the blood of the deceased. A blood sample of the deceased appears to have been taken from the body and tested }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6441202\charrsid12262638 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 analyst. It }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 grouped \lquote C\rquote . In t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6441202 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6441202 absence of the autopsy report w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 e do not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 know }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 who }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6441202 extracted it and that evidence was clearly of no evidential. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 The axe which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 produc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6441202 ed at the trial was tested for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 blood by the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6441202\charrsid12262638 Government}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6441202\charrsid12262638 analyst}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 but the results of that test were negative}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8786764 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8786764 appellant explained tha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 t the blood seen by the witnesses on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8786764 the axe soon}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 after it }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 was }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 found i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8786764 n his house was from cutting mea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1787909 t. There is no evidence to show}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 that the test carried out by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1787909 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 analyst was for human blood or that it }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1787909 blood in general.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 The prosecution attempted to explain these }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1787909 results on the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 ground that since the s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1787909 mear on the axe was tested o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6441202 n 24}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 th August, 1976, almost a year after, the analyst could }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1787909 not have possibly found any trac}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 es of blood. The explanation arrears to have found }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8786764 favour with the trial court. We}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 are unable to support that view in the absence of expert testimony to the effect }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8786764\charrsid12262638 that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8786764 traces of blood on an}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8786764\charrsid12262638 article}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 cannot be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6441202\charrsid12262638 determined}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8786764 effectively}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 after a period such }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 the one in this case. We doubt that the negative results obtained by the Governm}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8786764 ent Analyst were due to lapse to the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 time. The explanation offered by the appellant regarding the bleed seen on the axe by the witnesses was not, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8786764\charrsid12262638 therefore}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 , disproved. As a result, it was not proved that the axe recovered from the appellant\rquote s hou}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1787909 se and which Wankya }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6707210 claimed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1787909 to have}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 seen with the appellant on the evening of 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8786764 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 th October, 1975 was the one used to cut the deceased. The effect of all this is that the circumstantial evidence implicating the appellant with the offence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8786764\charrsid12262638 charged}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 was of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8786764 the weakest kind and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 was, in our view, by itself insuf}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6441202 ficient to found a conviction. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 We now turn to the confession statement.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6441202 This statement was relied upo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5976707 n by the trial court to lend }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 cr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5976707 edibil}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6441202 ity to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5976707 circumstantial evidence. With respect, we think this s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6441202 tatement }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 was wrongly }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5976707 admitted in evidence. We agree with Mr. Ayigihugu that a pro}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 per trial }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5976707 was not conducted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 before the statement was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5976707 admitted in evidence. The accused }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5976707\charrsid12262638 raised}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 objection to the admissibility of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5976707 statement}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 on the ground that the magis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5976707 trate w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 ho }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5976707\charrsid12262638 was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 alleged }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5976707 to have}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5976707\charrsid12262638 recorded}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 it }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 merely copied down a statement extracted }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1787909\charrsid12262638 from}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 the accused }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1787909 by the police through beating. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 The prosecution called a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1787909 court clerk, Musenze, who gave }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 evidence in\emdash chief and identified the statement. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1787909\charrsid12262638 Learned}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 counsel for the accused raised his objection to the stateme}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16657389 nt before the cross\emdash examination.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 This was wr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16657389 ong.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1787909 The objection should have }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 been raised before the witness gav}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16657389 e his evidence. At any rate }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 the trial judge decided at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16657389 that juncture}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1787909 that a trial within a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16657389 trial should be held. But the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16657389 prosecutor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1787909 stated from the Bar }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 that the witness }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16657389 he intended to call}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 in the trial within a trial had already given }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16657389\charrsid12262638 evidence that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1787909 is Musenze. The record shows }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 that the court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16657389 then instructed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 the defence counsel to cross\emdash examine }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1787909 Musenze}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16657389 . He was cross}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 \emdash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16657389\charrsid12262638 examined}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16657389 on all}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16657389\charrsid12262638 material}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 issues which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16657389\charrsid12262638 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16657389 defe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16657389\charrsid12262638 nce}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16657389 relied}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1787909 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16657389 upon f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1787909 or its submission that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 the statement was inadmissible. Th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1787909 e accused was then put on the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 stand. He stated on oath that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16657389 he was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1787909 eaten by the police and forced }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16657389 to make a statemen}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16657389\charrsid12262638 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16657389 before h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 e was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16657389 ta}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16657389\charrsid12262638 ken}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16657389 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 o the magistrate. When he went before the magistrate, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16657389 he was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1787909 only asked }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16657389 to thumb print}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1787909 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 statement made to the police. The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16657389\charrsid12262638 lea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16657389 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16657389\charrsid12262638 ned}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16657389 trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 judge then made a ruling that the accused }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16657389 had made the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16657389\charrsid12262638 statement}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1787909 identified by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 Muse}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16657389 nze and that he made it volu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 ntarily to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16657389\charrsid12262638 magistrate }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 who}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1787909 recorded it. The statement was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12460213 then p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 roduced as an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12460213\charrsid12262638 exhibit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 by Akongo, the magistrate t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1787909 o whom the statement was made. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 It is noteworthy that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1787909\charrsid12262638 magistrate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1787909 was not called in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 the trial w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1787909 ithin a trial a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 nd no explanation for this omission appears on t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1787909 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 e }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1787909 record. The magistrate was called after the ruling admitting the statement. As a result of what }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 happened the only }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1787909\charrsid12262638 witness}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1787909 called in the trial within the trial was the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 accused }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15099285 himself. It would therefore, appear}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15099285 that the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 burden was shifted }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15099285 on him to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12460213 prove}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15099285 that the confession }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12460213 statement}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15099285 was not admissible. The situation appears to be somewhat similar, though }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12460213 not}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15099285 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12460213 quite, to what happened in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid12460213\charrsid12460213 Rashid vrs Rep}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12460213 . (1969) E. A. 138 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid12460213\charrsid12460213 Ezekia vrs Rep}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12460213 (1972) E. A. 427, where similar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15863843 . \par The burden to prove that a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 re}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15863843 tracted or repudiated confession }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 statement is admissible is of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15863843\charrsid12262638 course}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15863843\charrsid12262638 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 prosecution. Such onus never shifts. Consequently, the prosecution must produce evidence to show not only that the statement was made by the accused b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15863843 ut also that it was voluntary. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 Once an accused raises objections to the admissibility of a confession, it is the duty of the trial court to carry out a full inquiry into the circumstanc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15863843 es in which the alleged confess}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 ion }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 statement was made and to make a ruling as to its admissibility. The inquiry which the court ought to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15863843 make must be in the form of a trial. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 The proper procedure laid down in numerou}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15863843 s decisions of which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid15863843\charrsid15863843 Kinyori s/o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid14961118\charrsid15863843 Kiruditu\emdash vr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid15863843\charrsid15863843 s- Reg}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15863843 . (1956) ACI 480 is just }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 one and still }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15863843 the best known, was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 not followed in the instant case. The only difference introduced by the Trial on Indictments Decree is that the assessors need no longer retire when the trial within a trial is being held and that their opinion can now be taken with regard to the allegations of the accused that the statement was obtained through }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15863843 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15863843\charrsid12262638 mproper}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15863843 means. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 The purported trial within a trial which was held in th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5985708 is case was in our view defective}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 . The court clerk who was called t o identify the statement gave his direct testimony in the main trial. We think that the evidence given by the court clerk in the main trial was not evidence in the trial within a trial. That testimony was wrongly relied upon in the ruling admitting the st atement. Besides, the magistrate to whom the statement was made }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5985708 called in that trial. H}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 e }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5985708\charrsid12262638 was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 only called after the ruling }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5985708 holding the confession admissible. The magistrate ought to ha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 ve been called in the trial within a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5985708 trial to prove the confession, especially}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 as the accused made damaging allegations }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5985708\charrsid12262638 against}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 him that he did not record any statement from the accused but }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5985708 merely copied}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5985708 statement the accused}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 ha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5985708 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15863843 previously made to the police. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 Mr. Byaruhang}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5985708 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5985708 the Senior State Attorney who appeared }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 to justify the procedure }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8420598\charrsid12262638 followed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 by the trial court; at least, we understood him to say something to that effect. He submitted that the clerk was the right person to be called to prove the statement because he was the interpreter and the accused spoke } {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 him }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 and not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 the magistrate, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11341736 with respect to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11341736\charrsid12262638 Mr. Byaruhang}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11341736 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 , we are unable to agree with his }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11341736\charrsid12262638 submissions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 for three }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11341736\charrsid12262638 reason}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11341736 s.}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 First, the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11341736 statement}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 tendered in evidence was record}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11341736 ed in English and not in the lan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 guage used by the accused which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 we }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11341736 note from the record was Lusoga. Secondly, it w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 as recorded by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11341736\charrsid12262638 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 magistrate and not by the court clerk}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11341736 although admittedly the clerk a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 cted as interpreter. Thirdly, }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11341736 it is trite law that a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 n extra\emdash judicial statement must }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11341736\charrsid12262638 be}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 proved by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11341736 the person}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 to whom it was made and it }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11341736 person who should be called to prove that it was that it was freely and voluntarily made. This rule was laid down as far back }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11341736\charrsid12262638 as}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 1938 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid14961118\charrsid11341736 Re}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid11341736\charrsid11341736 x \emdash vrs\emdash Jambi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 (l93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11341736 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 ) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 5 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11341736 EACA }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11341736 and has been followed over since}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 . We hold the view that this rule s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8420598 hould continue to be followed. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 If the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8420598\charrsid12262638 confession}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8420598 excluded from the evidence, as}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 indeed it must having been wrongly admitted, the other }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8420598\charrsid12262638 evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 in this }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 case was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 insufficient by itself to prove the case of murder against the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8420598\charrsid12262638 appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8420598 . The remaining evid}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 ence is that of the chief who recovered the axe from the house of the appellant; Wankya who claims to have seen the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8420598\charrsid12262638 appellant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8420598 at the scene}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 the night of the murder in circumstances which would tend to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8420598 implicate the appellant; and Tatuke who saw th}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8420598\charrsid12262638 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 deceased}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8420598 last, alive, in the company of the appellant. The force of incriminating circumstances arising from the Chief and Wankya depends on the axe which alone would tend to connect the appellant with the offence charged. Once the evidence of the axe is discarded, then the l ink in the chain of circumstantial evidence, which was relied upon to infer guilt, is greatly weakened f not destroyed. The most favourable view to be taken of the remaining evidence is that it casts suspicion on the appellant, but suspicion }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 alone is not sufficient in a criminal case in the absence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12912043 of other }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 evidence pointing to guilt. Besides, it }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12912043 seems to us that the evidence of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 Tatuke that the deceased and the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12912043\charrsid12262638 appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12912043 left the party on g}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 ood terms after a drinking spree of over six }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 hours, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 is more favourable to the appellant, as it eliminates an possible mo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12912043 tive for committing the crime.

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 The other evidence relied on in this }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12912043 case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 was the conduct of the appellant subsequent to the death of his brother. The trial court found }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12912043 as a fact t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 hat he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12912043\charrsid12262638 disappeared}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 from his house suddenly, after the death of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12912043 the deceased}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 , until he was arrested. Relying on the case of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid14961118\charrsid12912043 Terikabi \emdash vs Uganda}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 } {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 (1975) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 E. A. 60, the learned trial }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12912043 judge held that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 conduct of the appellant cast Suspicion }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12912043 on him and was capable of amounting}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 to corroboration. With respect, we do not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12912043\charrsid12262638 think}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid14961118\charrsid2507164 Terikabi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 is applicable in this case. The facts in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12912043 that case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 were that the prisoner disappeared from his home soon after the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12912043 deceased was killed and stayed aw}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 ay for over four }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12912043 months. The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 evidenc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12912043 e here is that the appellant was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12912043\charrsid12262638 arrested}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12912043 at}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 the home of his father on 15th October, 1975. There is no evidence that, apart from searching for him }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12912043 at his house on 13th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2507164 October, 1975, the chiefs even}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 went to look for him at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2507164\charrsid12262638 his}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 father\rquote s house. We do not even know how far apart both houses were Besides, we do not think any adverse inference possibly flows from the appellant\rquote s visit to his father in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2507164 circumstance of this}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 case, especially when the evidence upon which the prosecution relied }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12912043 as implicating him appears unconvincing for the reasons which we have endeavoured to give. He could have gone to his father for a host of innocent reasons. In the circumstances, we think that the exceptional conditions which led to the decision in }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid12912043\charrsid12912043 Terikabi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12912043 were not present in this c ase. That case must be confined to the peculiar facts. We do not think, with respect, hat it can be of universal application. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2507164 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 In conclusion, it is our consid}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2507164 ered opinion that the evidence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 in this case is not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2507164\charrsid12262638 such}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 as to produce moral }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2507164\charrsid12262638 certainty}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2507164 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 of guilt to the exclusion There may be reason to suspect the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2507164\charrsid12262638 appellant}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2507164 but we do }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 not think}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2507164 it can be}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 said that his guilt was proved beyond reasonable doubt. There is no Suggestion of any motive. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2507164 The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 learned trial judge treated as inculpatory evidence which was not. Finally, evidence of t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2507164 he}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 confession was improperly admitted whic}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2507164 h was highly prejudicial. Taking}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 all these factors together, we do not think that it would be safe to } {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2507164 allow the conviction to stand. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 Accordingly, we allow the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2507164\charrsid12262638 appeal;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 quash the conviction of t he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2507164\charrsid12262638 appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2507164 and set aside the sent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 ence of death passed on him. He will be }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2507164\charrsid12262638 released}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 from }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2507164 custody forthwith unless hel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 d on some o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2507164 ther valid sentence or charge. \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid2507164 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6707210 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2507164 DATED AT KAMPA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 L}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2507164 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 this}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2507164 8th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 day }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2507164 August }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2507164 l978. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14359905 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2507164 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 gd: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4875568 \tab (M.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2507164 Saie}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 d) \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2507164 \tab CH}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 IEF}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2507164 JUSTICE. \par sgd: \tab (P. Nyamuchoncho) \line \tab JUSTICE OF APPEAL. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 sgd: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2507164 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10689035 (F. M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 . Ssekand}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2507164 i) \line \tab JUSTICE OF APPEAL. \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid6707210 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 Mr. P. S. Ayigihugu }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2507164 of M/s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2507164\charrsid12262638 Ayigihugu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2507164 & Co. Advocates for the Appellant \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2507164\charrsid12262638 Mr. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2507164 P. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2507164\charrsid12262638 Byaruhang}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2507164 a, Senior State Attorney, for the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 Di}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2507164 rector of Public Prosecutions. \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid15092355 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6707210 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14961118\charrsid12262638 I certif}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2507164 y that this is a true copy of the original \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid6707210 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2507164 (M. 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