Andrew Kibaya v Uganda (Constitutional Petition No. 28 of 2010) [2011] UGCC 6 (20 March 2011)

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REPUBLIC OF UGANDA \par IN THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT OF UGANDA \par AT KAMPALA \par \par \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12284111 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid12478146\charrsid12284111 CORAM:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12478146\charrsid12284111 Mpagi-Bahigeine, DCJ, Byamugisha, Kavuma, Nshimye &Arach-Amoko, JJA \par \par \par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12284111 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i0\ul\insrsid12478146\charrsid12284111 CONSTITUTIONAL PETITION NO.28/10(REFERENCE) \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i0\insrsid12478146\charrsid12284111 BETWEEN \par \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12284111 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid12478146\charrsid12284111 ANDREW KIBAYA:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::PETIT IONER/APPLICANT \par \par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12284111 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i0\insrsid12478146\charrsid12284111 AND \par \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12284111 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid12478146\charrsid12284111 UGANDA::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::RESPONDENT \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i0\ul\insrsid12478146\charrsid12284111 RULING OF THE COURT \par \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid12478146\charrsid12284111 This is a constitutional reference sent to this court by the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid15340033\charrsid12284111 Magistrate Grade One sitting at Buganda Road Court.} {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid12478146\charrsid12284111 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid15340033\charrsid12284111 It was sent under the provisions of Article 137(5) of the Constitution which provides as follows: \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15340033\charrsid12284111 \'93Where any question as to the interpretation of the Constitution arises in any proceedings in a court of law other than a field court martial, the court- \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid15340033\charrsid12284111 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-390\li750\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar \jclisttab\tx750\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin750\itap0\pararsid12284111 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15340033\charrsid12284111 may if it is of the opinion that the question involves a substantial question of law; and \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid15340033\charrsid12284111 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab} shall if any party to the proceedings requests it to do so, refer the question to the constitutional court for decision in accordance with clause(1) of this article. \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12284111 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid985392\charrsid12284111 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid985392\charrsid12284111 The background to this reference is that the petitioner/applicant is a practicing Advocate with a firm of lawyers in town. He carried out a number of transactions involving executions of mortgages, power of attorney and the registration of the same documents with the land registry. One of t he persons on whose behalf }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid12151183\charrsid12284111 the said transactions were allegedly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid985392\charrsid12284111 carried out denied h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid12151183\charrsid12284111 aving authorized the transactions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid985392\charrsid12284111 invol}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid1537555\charrsid12284111 ving his land comprised in Mailo Register}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid9969889\charrsid12284111 Mawokota Block 266 Plots 198 and 186}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid16332891\charrsid12284111 at Kayabwe.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid1537555\charrsid12284111 He filed a suit in the High Court challenging the transactions. He also lodged a complaint with the Law Council against the conduct of the petitioner as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid8330229\charrsid12284111 an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid1537555\charrsid12284111 advocate. \par The matter was also reported to the police who carried out their own investigations. On 21}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\super\insrsid1537555\charrsid12284111 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid1537555\charrsid12284111 October}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid8588666\charrsid12284111 2009 the petitioner was arraigned with}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid1537555\charrsid12284111 11 counts. Three of the counts charged him with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid8588666\charrsid12284111 uttering false documents two}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid8330229\charrsid12284111 counts}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid8588666\charrsid12284111 for obtaining registration by false pretences and six counts related to holding out as an advocate and preparing instruments while not qualified.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid1537555\charrsid12284111 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid985392\charrsid12284111 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid3874469\charrsid12284111 \par The petitioner was availed a number of documents by the prosecution by way }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid8330229\charrsid12284111 of advance }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid3874469\charrsid12284111 disclosure and in preparation for his trial. On receipt of these documents, the petitioner was of the view that the s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid8330229\charrsid12284111 aid documents exonerated him}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid3874469\charrsid12284111 at least on some of the counts which he wanted dismissed forthwith by the trial court without any hearing. A request was therefore }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid16544804\charrsid12284111 made by counsel for the petitioner for the interpretation of the following articles of the Constitution-Articles 28, 120(5), 126(1) and 126(2).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid3874469\charrsid12284111 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid16544804\charrsid12284111 The following question was accordingly framed for our determination: \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i0\insrsid16544804\charrsid12284111 \'93Whether in the plain , natural and true meaning of Articles 28, 44 (c ), 120(5), }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i0\insrsid16332891\charrsid12284111 120(6),}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i0\insrsid16544804\charrsid12284111 126(1) and 126(2) of the Constitution, a court seized of a criminal matter, has the power to take cognizance of document s served on an accused by the prosecution, by way of advance disclosure, to make a finding that the prosecution amounts to an abuse of legal process and a violation of the accused\rquote s right to a fair trial and if so whether such court on making such a finding has the power}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i0\insrsid7087481\charrsid12284111 to summarily dismiss the cha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i0\insrsid16734939\charrsid12284111 rges levied against the accused.\'94 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid7621961\charrsid12284111 We have perused the record of the proceedings of the lower court which were sent to this court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid9125772\charrsid12284111 for purposes of this reference. There is nothing on record to show that the documents that were served on the applicant/petitioner as advance disclosure were }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid15683566\charrsid12284111 also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid9125772\charrsid12284111 on court record. The court had not received them as exhibits under the normal rules of admission of documents.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid16734939\charrsid12284111 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid9125772\charrsid12284111 Article 137(5) of the Constitution is very clear in its wording. Before a question can be framed and sent to this court for determination it must arise out of the proceedings, and its determination must be done before the issues raised in the case are disposed of by the trial court. The question}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid15683566\charrsid12284111 or questions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid9125772\charrsid12284111 must arise }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid15683566\charrsid12284111 in the proceedings }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid9125772\charrsid12284111 directly or by necessary implication. The proceedings before the original court must show that a question as to the interpretation of the Constitution has arisen }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid7096340\charrsid12284111 and the hearing of the case cannot proceed before the question is determined.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid269001\charrsid12284111 This should be evident from the record of proceedings}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid11149285\charrsid12284111 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid15428249\charrsid12284111 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid9125772\charrsid12284111 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid15428249\charrsid12284111 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid16020682\charrsid12284111 \par The articles of the constitution which were cited in this reference did not arise out of the proceedings. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid16332891\charrsid12284111 Whereas the defence cited the said articles in the submissions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid16020682\charrsid12284111 the prosecution }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid16332891\charrsid12284111 was not afforded an opportunity to make any reply. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid16081332\charrsid12284111 Moreover we think that a court which is being requested for a reference must make a judicial decision after being satisfied that the interpretation of the Constitution is required.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid16020682\charrsid12284111 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid16081332\charrsid12284111 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid16332891\charrsid12284111 According to the record of proceedings o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid16081332\charrsid12284111 n 17/06/2010 when the parties were before court, counsel for the applicant/petitioner made lengthy su}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid8330229\charrsid12284111 bmissions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid16081332\charrsid12284111 claiming that under Articles 28, 120(5), 126 (1)(2)(e)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid14232901\charrsid12284111 of the Constitution,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid16081332\charrsid12284111 the trial court had the power to dismiss}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid11030810\charrsid12284111 the charges against the accused summarily without further hearing of the matter. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid14232901\charrsid12284111 He further claimed that the dispute between the accused and the complainant was a civil one and not criminal. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid11030810\charrsid12284111 After his submissions he requested for a reference. Counsel for the prosecution appli ed for an adjournment to enable the prosecution make a reply to the matters that had been raised. The application for adjournment was opposed by counsel for the accused. The trial court then said:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid16081332\charrsid12284111 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11030810\charrsid12284111 \'93The law is very clear that in case of any trial before any court of competent jurisdiction. An application is made that the matter be referred to the Constitutional court for interpretation of certain article. The court has no alternative but to stay proceedings}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16065332\charrsid12284111 and forward the file to the Constitutional Court for interpretation. Court proceedings stayed file forwarded to the Constitutional Court for interpretation.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11030810\charrsid12284111 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12284111 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16065332\charrsid12284111 Sgd: Wekesa John Patrick \par Magistrate Grade One.\'94 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14501884\charrsid12284111 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12284111 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid14501884\charrsid12284111 With respect to the learned magist}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid5385135\charrsid12284111 rate, he did not make a considered}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid14501884\charrsid12284111 decision whether the interpretation of the Constitution had arisen in the proceedings or not.}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid7040438\charrsid12284111 He shirked his obligation.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid14501884\charrsid12284111 He could}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid14232901\charrsid12284111 only}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid14501884\charrsid12284111 have taken that decision after listening to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid13793652\charrsid12284111 reply by the prosecution and evaluating all the facts before him.} {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid14501884\charrsid12284111 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid16020682\charrsid12284111 \par We consider this refere}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid14111262\charrsid12284111 nce to be one of those}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid6836665\charrsid12284111 or a category}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid14111262\charrsid12284111 which the lower courts have been sending to this court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid999002\charrsid12284111 routinely}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid14111262\charrsid12284111 without first considering whether a question for constitutional interpretation has arisen in the proceedings or not.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid16020682\charrsid12284111 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid7040438\charrsid12284111 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid16020682\charrsid12284111 It is accordingly dismissed with costs. The file is returned to the lower court to commence the trial of the applicant/petiti}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid7040438\charrsid12284111 oner forthwith.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\insrsid16020682\charrsid12284111 \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i0\insrsid16020682\charrsid12284111 Dated at Kampala\'85}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i0\insrsid5263388\charrsid12284111 21}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i0\super\insrsid5263388\charrsid12284111 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i0\insrsid5263388\charrsid12284111 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i0\insrsid16020682\charrsid12284111 \'85..day of\'85}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i0\insrsid5263388\charrsid12284111 March}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i0\insrsid16020682\charrsid12284111 \'85..2011 \par \par A. E. N. Mpagi-Bahigeine \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i0\ul\insrsid16020682\charrsid12284111 Deputy Chief Justice \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i0\ul\insrsid10630785\charrsid12284111 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i0\ul\insrsid16020682\charrsid12284111 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i0\insrsid16020682\charrsid12284111 C. K. Byamugisha \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i0\ul\insrsid16020682\charrsid12284111 Justice of Appeal \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i0\insrsid10630785\charrsid12284111 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i0\insrsid16020682\charrsid12284111 \par S. B. K. Kavuma \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i0\ul\insrsid16020682\charrsid12284111 Justice of Appeal \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i0\insrsid10630785\charrsid12284111 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i0\insrsid16020682\charrsid12284111 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i0\insrsid15932257\charrsid12284111 A. S. Nshimye \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i0\ul\insrsid15932257\charrsid12284111 Justice of Appeal \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i0\insrsid10630785\charrsid12284111 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i0\insrsid14232901\charrsid12284111 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i0\insrsid15932257\charrsid12284111 M. S. 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