Beatrice Kobusingye v Fiona Nyakana & Anor (Civil Appeal 18 of 2001) [2002] UGSC 42 (23 May 2002)

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Jessica chemeri}{\operator cguest}{\creatim\yr2008\mo9\dy16\hr14\min26}{\revtim\yr2008\mo9\dy18\hr10\min10}{\version8}{\edmins45}{\nofpages6}{\nofwords1915}{\nofchars10917}{\nofcharsws12807}{\vern24689}} \widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\noxlattoyen\expshrtn\noultrlspc\dntblnsbdb\nospaceforul\hyphcaps0\formshade\horzdoc\dgmargin\dghspace180\dgvspace180\dghorigin1800\dgvorigin1440\dghshow1\dgvshow1 \jexpand\viewkind1\viewscale100\pgbrdrhead\pgbrdrfoot\splytwnine\ftnlytwnine\htmautsp\nolnhtadjtbl\useltbaln\alntblind\lytcalctblwd\lyttblrtgr\lnbrkrule\nobrkwrptbl\snaptogridincell\allowfieldendsel\wrppunct \asianbrkrule\rsidroot12873883\newtblstyruls\nogrowautofit \fet0{\*\ftnsep \pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid16259796 \chftnsep \par }}{\*\ftnsepc \pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 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\li0\ri360\widctlpar\tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx8640\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin360\lin0\itap0\pararsid16259796 {\insrsid16259796 \par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}} {\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8 \pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\f36\insrsid16259796 }{\b\f36\insrsid12873883\charrsid12873883 THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA }{\b\f36\insrsid16259796 \par }{\b\f36\insrsid12873883\charrsid12873883 \line }{\b\f36\insrsid16259796 }{\b\f36\insrsid12873883\charrsid12873883 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF UGANDA \line }{\b\f36\insrsid16259796 }{ \b\f36\insrsid12873883\charrsid12873883 AT MENGO}{\b\f36\insrsid16259796 \par }{\b\f36\insrsid12873883\charrsid12873883 (CORAM: ODOKI CJ, TSEKOOKO JSC, KAROKORA, JSC MULENGA JSC, \line }{\b\f36\insrsid16259796 }{\b\f36\insrsid12873883\charrsid12873883 AND KANYEIHAMBA JSC)}{\b\f36\insrsid16259796 \par }{\b\f36\insrsid12873883\charrsid12873883 CIVIL APPEAL NO.18 OF 2001}{\b\f36\insrsid16259796 \par }{\b\f36\insrsid12873883\charrsid12873883 \line }{\b\f36\insrsid16259796 BETWEEN \line BEATRICE KOBUSINGY}{\b\f36\insrsid12873883\charrsid12873883 E}{\b\i\f36\fs26\insrsid12873883\charrsid12873883 ::::::::::::::::::}{ \b\i\f36\fs26\insrsid16259796 ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::}{\b\i\f36\fs26\insrsid12873883\charrsid12873883 :}{\b\f36\insrsid16259796 APPELLANT \par }{\b\f36\insrsid12873883\charrsid12873883 \line }{\b\f36\insrsid16259796 }{\b\f36\insrsid12873883\charrsid12873883 VERSUS }{\b\f36\insrsid16259796 \par }{\b\f36\insrsid12873883\charrsid12873883 \line FIONA}{\b\f36\insrsid16259796 }{\b\f36\insrsid3040581\charrsid12873883 NYAKANA:}{\b\i\f36\fs26\insrsid12873883\charrsid12873883 ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: }{ \b\f36\insrsid12873883\charrsid12873883 RESPONDEFJTS \line GEORGE NYAKANA }{\f36\fs32\insrsid2061948 \par }{\f36\fs32\insrsid12873883\charrsid12873883 }{\b\i\f36\fs26\insrsid12873883\charrsid12873883 (Appeal from the }{\b\i\f36\fs26\insrsid2061948\charrsid12873883 judgment}{\b\i\f36\fs26\insrsid12873883\charrsid12873883 of the }{ \b\i\f36\fs26\insrsid12873883\charrsid2061948 Court }{\b\i\f36\fs26\insrsid12873883\charrsid12873883 of Appeal (Okello, Twinomujuni \line and Kitumba JJCA) dated 12 April 2001 in Civil Appeal No.29 of 2000) }{\b\i\f36\fs26\insrsid2061948 \par }{\b\i\f36\fs26\insrsid12873883\charrsid12873883 \line }{\b\f36\ul\insrsid12873883\charrsid5000495 RULING OF THE COURT}{\f36\insrsid12873883\charrsid12873883 \line This is a third appeal from the }{\f36\insrsid2061948\charrsid12873883 judgment}{ \f36\insrsid12873883\charrsid12873883 of the Court of Appeal whereby that court overruled a preliminary objection that as a second appellate court, it }{\f36\insrsid2061948 had no jurisdiction to entertain}{\f36\insrsid12873883\charrsid12873883 grounds of appeal based on matters of fact.}{\f36\insrsid2061948 \par }{\f36\insrsid12873883\charrsid12873883 The brief background to this appeal is that the Respondents filed a Civil Suit against the Appellant in the Chief Magistrate\rquote s Court, Fort Portal for malicious prosecution and false impris onment, seeking special and general damages. The Grade I Magistrate who heard the case dismissed it with costs. The Respondents appealed to the High Court sitting at Fort Portal which also dismissed the appeal in the main, holding that the Appellant had n ot been activated by malice in instituting the criminal proceedings.}{\f36\insrsid2061948 \par }{\f36\insrsid12873883\charrsid12873883 \line The Respondents being dissatisfied with the decision of the High }{\f36\insrsid2061948\charrsid12873883 Court}{\f36\insrsid12873883\charrsid12873883 lodged a second appeal in the Court of Appeal, complaining that the High Court erred in law and fact in failing to properly re-evaluate the evidence as a first appellate court, and in holding that the Respondents failed to prove malicious prosecution.}{ \f36\insrsid2061948 \par }{\f36\insrsid12873883\charrsid12873883 \line When the appeal came before the Court of Appeal for hearing, the appellant raised}{\f36\insrsid2061948 }{\f36\insrsid12873883\charrsid12873883 prelimi}{\f36\insrsid2061948 nary objection that }{ \f36\insrsid2061948\charrsid12873883 Court}{\f36\insrsid12873883\charrsid12873883 as a second appellate Court had no jurisdiction to entertain the two grounds of appeal since they were based on matters of fact, contrary to sections 74 and 75 of the Civil Procedure Act.}{\f36\insrsid2061948 \par }{\f36\insrsid12873883\charrsid12873883 The Court of Appeal overruled the objection holding that sections 74 and 75 of the Civil Procedure Act were not applicable to that Court and that section 11 of the Judicature Statute was wider than section 5 of the Judicature Statute, and that therefore the Court of Appeal had jurisdiction to entertain the two grounds of a ppeal.}{\f36\insrsid2061948 \par }{\f36\insrsid12873883\charrsid12873883 The appellant appealed to this Court on the following ground: \line The learned Justices of Appeal erred in law in that they wrongly held that: \line (a) Sections 74 and 75 of the Civil Procedure Act (Cap. 65) are not applicable to the Court of Appeal;}{\f36\insrsid2061948 \par }{\f36\insrsid12873883\charrsid12873883 \line (b) Section 11 of the Judicature Statute 1996 is wider than Section 5 thereof; and}{\f36\insrsid2061948 \par }{\f36\insrsid12873883\charrsid12873883 (c) They had jurisdiction over grounds 1 and 2 of the appeal before them.}{\f36\insrsid2061948 \par }{\f36\insrsid12873883\charrsid12873883 Both parties submitted written submissions. However, when Counsel appeared before us at the heari ng of the appeal, Mr. Babigumira, learned counsel for the Respondents, applied for leave to address court and raised a preliminary objection under rule 95 of the Rules of th}{\f36\insrsid2061948 is Court that the appeal was }{ \insrsid12873883\charrsid2061948 incompetent for failure to comply with rule 82 of the Rules of the Court, as to contents of the record of appeal. He pointed out that this being a third appeal the appellant had not, as required by the rules, filed a certificate of the Court of Appeal that the appeal concerns a matter of law of great public or general importance or an order of this Court granting leave to appeal in the interests of justice.}{\insrsid9927773 \par }{\insrsid12873883\charrsid2061948 \line Mr. Babigumira explained that when he received the record of appeal he was involved in a long election petition in Mbarar a and had no time to peruse the record. But when he looked at the record subsequently he found that there was no certificate given by the }{\insrsid9927773\charrsid2061948 Court of Appeal or}{\insrsid12873883\charrsid2061948 leave of this Court allowing the Appellant to proceed with the appeal. Therefore, Counsel submitted, the appeal lacks an essential document, which cannot be lodged as a supplementary record.}{\insrsid9927773 \par }{\insrsid12873883\charrsid2061948 \line In reply Mr. Tibaijuka, learned counsel for the Appellant, opposed the application for leave to raise a preliminary point as misconceived and an abuse of the proc ess of the Court. He submitted that the Respondents should have raised the objection in the written submissions, which would have had the same effect as oral submissions, under rule 97 (d) of the Rules of this Court. Counsel argued that the Respondents sh o uld have filed an application to strike out the appeal under r. 77 of the Rules of the Court, soon after the expiration of 14 days within which the Appellant had to apply for a certificate from the Court of Appeal in accordance with rule 38 (1) of the Rul es of this Court.}{\insrsid9927773 \par }{\insrsid12873883\charrsid2061948 Mr. Tibaijuka pointed out that the notice of appeal was served on the Respondents\rquote Counsel on 17 April 2001 and the memorandum of appeal and record of appeal on 13 November 2001. The Appellant filed written submissions son 23 November 2001 but the Respondents did not make the application to strike out the appeal until the time of lodging in their written submissions. Counsel submitted that the Respondents were }{\insrsid9927773 estopped by rule 97 (b) from }{ \insrsid12873883\charrsid2061948 raising the objection because they did not deserve t o be granted leave, having been at liberty to make the application as from 26 April 2001 when the time for seeking the certificate elapsed, and had not accounted for their default.}{\insrsid9927773 \par }{\insrsid12873883\charrsid2061948 \line Rule 93 (1) of the Rules of this Court allows a party who does not intend to appear in person or by advocate to lodge in the Registry, a written statement of the arguments in support of or in opposition of the appeal or cross-a}{\insrsid9927773 ppeal, and thereafter serve the }{\insrsid12873883\charrsid2061948 statement to the other party within seven days of lodging it. Under ru le 93 (4), no party who has lodged written arguments shall, except with leave of the Court, address the Court at the hearing of the appeal. In the present appeal, the Court granted leave to counsel for the Respondents to address court at the hearing, in o rder to raise their preliminary objections.}{\insrsid9927773 \par }{\insrsid12873883\charrsid2061948 \line The issue is whether the Respondents are entitled to seek leave to raise the preliminary objection. Rule 77 of the R}{\insrsid9927773 ules of the Court provides, \line }{\b\i\insrsid9927773\charrsid9927773 \lquote A}{\insrsid9927773 }{\b\i\insrsid12873883\charrsid2061948 person on whom}{\b\i\insrsid9927773 a notice of appeal has been ser}{\b\i\insrsid12873883\charrsid2061948 ved, may at any t ime, either before or after the institution of the appeal, apply to the }{\b\i\insrsid12873883\charrsid9927773 Court}{\insrsid12873883\charrsid2061948 }{\b\i\insrsid12873883\charrsid2061948 to strike out the notice or the appeal, as the case may be, on the ground that no appeal lies or that some essential step in the proceedings has not been taken or has not been taken within the prescribed time.\'94}{\b\i\insrsid9927773 \par }{\b\i\insrsid12873883\charrsid2061948 \line }{\insrsid12873883\charrsid2061948 On the other hand rule 97 (b) of the same Rules, states, \line }{\b\i\insrsid12873883\charrsid2061948 \'93 (b) a respondent shall not without the leave of the Court raise any objection to the competence of the appeal which might have been raised by application under rule 77.\'94}{\b\i\insrsid9927773 \par }{\b\i\insrsid12873883\charrsid2061948 }{\insrsid12873883\charrsid2061948 It seems to us that an application to strike out a notice of appeal or an appeal should ordinarily be made under rule 77 at any t}{\insrsid9927773 ime before or after the appeal }{ \insrsid12873883\charrsid2061948 has been instituted. There is no specific time limit. But rule 97 (b) appears to require the application to be made before the hearing of the appeal so that the matter can be }{\insrsid9927773\charrsid2061948 canvassed}{ \insrsid12873883\charrsid2061948 and resolved before the hearing of the appeal, to save time and expense.}{\insrsid9927773 \par }{\insrsid12873883\charrsid2061948 \line However, rule 97 (b) gives a wide discretion to the Court to grant leave to a respo ndent to raise any objection which could have been raised by application under rule 77. The rule does not require proof of sufficient cause, but it is assumed that the discretion must be exercised judiciously and upon reasonable grounds.}{\insrsid8144788

\par }{\insrsid12873883\charrsid2061948 In the present app eal, the Respondents have waited for over eight months to present their objection. No application was filed, but the objection was first raised in their written submissions. The objection could not be raised before the court without leave. Mr. Babigumira p leaded that he had delayed in making the application because he was engaged in a long election petition in Mbarara. Mr. Tibaijuka for the Appellant did not challenge this claim. It seems to us that the failure to make the relevant application was due to t h e inadvertence of counsel for the Respondents. However, when he realized that the appeal was incompetent he raised the objection in his reply to the written submissions of counsel for the Appellant. Counsel for the Appellant responded to the preliminary o b jection. In these circumstance we are of the opinion that it would be fair and just to grant leave to the Respondents to raise the preliminary objection since counsel for the Appellant has had sufficient notice of the intention to raise it and has duly re sponded to it.}{\insrsid8144788 \par }{\insrsid12873883\charrsid2061948 Has the preli}{\insrsid8144788 minary objection any merit? Mr.}{\insrsid12873883\charrsid2061948 Babigumira\rquote s objection is that the appeal is incompetent because the Appellant has not taken some essential step in the proceedings, namely, the inclusion of the certificate from the Court of Appea l in the record of proceedings. Section 7 (2) of the Judicature Statute 1996 provides for the certificate as follows:}{\insrsid8144788 \par }{\b\insrsid8144788\charrsid8144788 }{\b\i\insrsid12873883\charrsid8144788 \'93Where an appeal emanates from a judgment or order of a Chief Magistrate or Magistrate Grade I in the exercise of his or her original jur isdiction but not including an interlocutory matter, a party aggrieved may lodge a third appeal to the Supreme Court on the certificate of the Court of Appeal that the appeal concerns a matter or matters of law of great public importance, or general}{ \b\insrsid12873883\charrsid8144788 }{\b\i\insrsid12873883\charrsid8144788 importance, or if the Supreme Court considers, in its overall duty to see that justice is done, that the appeal should be heard}{\i\insrsid12873883\charrsid2061948 .\'94}{ \i\insrsid8144788 \par }{\i\insrsid12873883\charrsid2061948 }{\insrsid12873883\charrsid2061948 A certificate by the Court of Appeal is one of the essential documents required to be included in the record of a third appeal. Rule 82 }{\i\insrsid12873883\charrsid2061948 (1) }{ \insrsid12873883\charrsid2061948 provides that the record of appeal shall contain the records of appeal in the Court of Appeal, the High Court, and in case of the third appeal the record of appeal from the trial magistrate\rquote s court in addition to the records listed in the subsequent sub-rules.}{\insrsid8144788 \par }{\insrsid12873883\charrsid2061948 The list of documents to be included in the record of appeal from the Court of Appeal is provided for under rule 82 (2) of which paragraphs (c) and (h) state,}{\insrsid8144788 \par }{\b\i\insrsid12873883\charrsid8144788 \'93(c) the order, if any, giving leave to appeal}{\b\i\insrsid8144788\charrsid8144788 \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85 \par }{\b\i\insrsid12873883\charrsid8144788 (h) in case of a third appeal the certificate of the Court of appeal that a point or points of law of great public or general importance arise.\'94}{\b\i\insrsid8144788 \par }{\b\i\insrsid12873883\charrsid8144788 }{\insrsid12873883\charrsid2061948 Subsection (9) of rule 82 clarifies, \line }{\b\i\insrsid12873883\charrsid8144788 \'93Where leave to appeal or a certificate that a point of law of great public or general impo rtance has been granted or refused by the Court of Appeal immediately after the delivery of that Court\rquote s decision against which it is desired to appeal, a statement that}{\i\insrsid8144788 }{\b\i\insrsid12873883\charrsid8144788 leave }{ \b\i\insrsid12873883\charrsid2061948 or a certificate has been granted or refused shall be included in the order.\'94}{\b\i\insrsid8144788 \par }{\b\i\insrsid12873883\charrsid2061948 }{\insrsid12873883\charrsid2061948 In this appeal, }{\insrsid4860565\charrsid2061948 Mr.}{\insrsid12873883\charrsid2061948 Tibaijuka did not contend that the record of appeal contained the missing documents listed under rule 82, namely either leave to appeal or a certificate from the Court of Appeal or from this Court. Indeed none of the documents are contain ed in the record. We think these documents are essential documents because they indicate that the appeal merits consideration by this Court. Their absence makes this appeal incompetent.}{\insrsid8144788 \par }{\insrsid12873883\charrsid2061948 An appeal, which is incompetent, ought to be struck out. But Mr. Tiba ijuka contended in his written submissions that even if the appeal is incompetent the court should not be precluded from interfering with the decision of the Court of Appeal on the authority of }{\b\i\insrsid12873883\charrsid2061948 Makula International v His Eminence Cardinal Nsubuga & Another, }{\insrsid12873883\charrsid2061948 Civil App. No.4 of 1981 CA which held that a court of law cannot sanction that which is illegal.}{\insrsid8144788 \par }{\insrsid12873883\charrsid2061948 Mr. Tibaijuka argued that the illegality committed in this appeal was the holding by the Court of Appeal that section 74 of the Civil Procedure does not app ly to the Court of Appeal contrary to 49 (b) of the Judicature Statute. He submitted that section 49 (b) provides for the continued application of se}{\insrsid8144788 ction 74 as well as section 74 A }{\insrsid12873883\charrsid2061948 of the Civil Procedure Act. Counsel further contended that the present appeal does not in any way touch on the merits of the case decided by the Magistrate Grade I, and confirmed by the High Court, and therefore it cannot be regarded as a third appeal.}{ \insrsid8144788 \par }{\insrsid12873883\charrsid2061948 We are unable to accept the submissions of learned counsel for the Appellants}{\insrsid8144788 that this court should deal with the merits of the }{\insrsid5000495 appeal. Whether}{\insrsid8144788 the court of Appeal in erred in law in its}{\insrsid10710547 interpretation and application of the various sections of the relevant law is a matter of law that would be determined upon when the court is considering the merits of }{\insrsid5000495 appeal. The}{\insrsid10710547 appellant has}{\insrsid12873883\charrsid2061948 }{\insrsid5000495 failed to take the necessary steps to enable the court to deal with the merits of the appeal. \par We therefore uphold the preliminary objection that the appeal is incompetent. It accordingly struck out with costs.\line Dated this 23}{\super\insrsid5000495\charrsid5000495 rd}{\insrsid5000495 day of May 2002}{\insrsid12873883 \par }{\b\insrsid5000495\charrsid5000495 J. B. Odoki}{\b\i\insrsid5000495\charrsid5000495 \par }{\b\insrsid12873883\charrsid5000495 CHIEF JUSTICE }{\b\i\insrsid12873883\charrsid5000495 \par }{\b\insrsid5000495\charrsid5000495 J W N Tsekooko\line JUSTI}{\b\insrsid12873883\charrsid5000495 CE OF THE SUPREME COURT}{\b\insrsid5000495 \par A. N Karokora \par JUSTICE OF THE SUPREME COURT}{\b\insrsid5000495\charrsid5000495 \par }{\insrsid12873883\charrsid2061948 \line }{\b\insrsid12873883\charrsid5000495 J N Mulenga \line JUSTICE OF THE SUPREME COURT}{\b\insrsid5000495 \par G. W Kanyeihamba}{\b\insrsid12873883\charrsid5000495 \par }{\b\insrsid5000495\charrsid5000495 JUSTICE OF THE SUPREME COURT}{\b\insrsid12873883\charrsid5000495 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12873883\charrsid2061948 \line \line \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12873883 {\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid10825639\charrsid2061948 \par }}