Benon Musasizi v Uganda (Criminal Appeal 19 of 1991) [1993] UGSC 9 (30 December 1993)

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{\insrsid8138064 \chftnsepc \par }}\sectd \linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid1186918\sftnbj {\footer \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar \tqc\tx4153\tqr\tx8306\pvpara\phmrg\posxr\posy0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16389019 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\field{\*\fldinst {\cs17\insrsid8138064 PAGE }}{\fldrslt { \cs17\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7472341 1}}}{\cs17\insrsid8138064 \par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri360\widctlpar\tqc\tx4153\tqr\tx8306\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin360\lin0\itap0\pararsid8138064 {\insrsid8138064 \par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}} {\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8 \pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \s15\qc \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1 \widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid9791526 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13124547\charrsid9791526 IN THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA \line IN THE SUPREME COURT }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9791526\charrsid9791526 OF}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13124547\charrsid9791526 }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13124547\charrsid9791526 UGANDA \line AT MENGO \line (CORAM: MANYINDO, D. C. J., ODOKI J. S. C., ODER J. SC.) CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 19/91 \line }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13124547\charrsid9791526 BETWEEN}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13124547\charrsid9791526 \line BENON MUSASIZI}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9791526 ================================== APPELLANT \line AND \line UGANDA==========================================RESPONDENT}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13124547\charrsid9791526 \line }{ \b\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13124547\charrsid9791526 Appeal against conviction and sentence of H/C \line decision holden at Kabala (Hon. Justice J. WN. \line Tsekooko) dated the 1 day of July 1991 from original \line H. C. Cr. Ss. }{ \b\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13124547\charrsid9791526 No. 70/88).}{\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13124547\charrsid9791526 \line }{\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9791526 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid9791526 {\b\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13124547\charrsid9791526 JUDGEMENT OF THE COURT: }{ \b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13124547\charrsid9791526 \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13124547\charrsid9791526 The appellant was indicated in the High Court on two counts of robbery with violence. He was convicted as charged on the first count but was convicted only of assault with inte nt to steal on the second count. He was sentenced to death on count 1. Sentence on count 2 was deferred. \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9791526 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13124547\charrsid9791526 He now appeals against the conviction on count 1 only, on two grounds. The first ground is that the evidence adduced by the prosecution did not establ ish the offence charged. The second ground, which is clearly related to the first one, is that the prosecution had not proved the allegation that a deadly weapon had been used in the robbery. \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9791526 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13124547\charrsid9791526 The robbery, which was not disputed, took place on 1-12-86 at about 9. OOp.m. at the hous}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9791526 es of the complainants, Ephraim}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13124547\charrsid9791526 Rwemereza (PW1) and Alice Karyongo (PW2) in Rukingiri District. Accordin}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9791526 g to the first complainant, }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13124547\charrsid9791526 Rwemereza, he had just retired to bed for the night when two robbers entered his house. The appellant wore plain green Army uniform and was armed with a gun. The other robber wore, among others, an Army camouflage Jacket. The ap}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9791526 pellant pointed his gun at PW1\rquote }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13124547\charrsid9791526 s chest and ordered him to sit on the bed which he did. \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9791526 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13124547\charrsid9791526 Then the appellant informed PW1, that someone had paid him shs. 2m to kill him (PWI) but that he was prepared to spare his}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9791526 life if he would pay him shs. }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13124547\charrsid9791526 5m.}{\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13124547\charrsid9791526 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13124547\charrsid9791526 PW1 told the appellant that he had no money. The appellant\rquote s companion then searched the house for money, while the appellant guarded PW1 at g}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9791526 un point. A total of shs, 1.150}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13124547\charrsid9791526 ,}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9791526 000}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13124547\charrsid9791526 / was found and taken by the robbers. That is subject matter of count No.1 \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9791526 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13124547\charrsid9791526 The appellant and his colleague then tied PW1 \lquote s hands and forced him to lead them to the house of his neighbour Alice Karyongo (PW 2) so that they could steal more money from there. On their orders the first complainant asked Karyongo to open the door, which she did. The robbers then robbed her of money and property. Later they returned PW1 to his house to look for more money, but fo und none. \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9791526 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13124547\charrsid9791526 The defence case was that the appellant was employed by PW1 as a taxi driver (which PW 1 denied). On the day of incident the Appellant had brought PW1\rquote s taxi back to PW1\rquote s home together with a bag which a son PW1 had put in the vehicle. PW1 had f ound the gun in the bag and decided to frame up the present charge against the appellant. He planted the gun on the appellant and even dressed him in military uniform before handing him over to the Police. PW2 had implicated the appellant maliciously beca u}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9791526 se h}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13124547\charrsid9791526 e had impregnated}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9791526 her 12-year-old daughter. }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13124547\charrsid9791526 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9791526 The evidence of PW}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13124547\charrsid9791526 1 was corroborated in part by PW2 who stated that on the n}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9791526 ight of incident, at about 10.00p.m. the appellant, another man an}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13124547\charrsid9791526 d PWI went to the house. PW1 was under arrest. The appellant and the other man demanded money from her. }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9791526 They went away with shs, 70,000/}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13124547\charrsid9791526 = and som}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9791526 e property. In the light of PW2\rquote }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13124547\charrsid9791526 s evidence as to the sum of money stolen, the indictment should have been amended by substituting the sum of shs. 7,000/}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9791526 =}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13124547\charrsid9791526 in count 2 w}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9791526 ith the sum of shs. 70,000/}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13124547\charrsid9791526 =. While in her house the appellant had cocked his gun and threatened to shoot her and PW1. She denied the appellant\rquote s allegation regarding her daughter. In fact she stated that the daughter has never been impregnated by any one. \line }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9791526 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13124547\charrsid9791526 There was also the evidence of Beshumbusa (PW3) and Kakoki (PW4), both immediate neighbours of PW1. During the attack they rushed to the house of PW 1. On arrival the appellant cocked his gun and ordered them to sit down which they did. Apparently this w} {\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9791526 as after the attack on }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13124547\charrsid9791526 PW2. The appellant\rquote s colleague then struck PW3 on the hand with a metal wire. \line }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9791526 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13124547\charrsid9791526 As the appellant and his colleague were leaving the place, PW3, grabbed the appellant, disarmed him and arrested him. The gun had 12 rounds of ammunition. The second man escaped. That}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9791526 account was confirmed by PW4. }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13124547\charrsid9791526 In our view, prosecution evidence amply established the fact that the appellant had participated in the robbery. His defence was no doubt false. The witnesses did not know him before this incident. If he had been employed }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9791526 by PWI and even resided at PW1\rquote }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13124547\charrsid9791526 s house before this incident, as he claimed, PW2, PW3 and PW4 would have confirmed that fact. On the contrary, they denied the allegation. The first ground of appeal has not merit. It fails. \line The gun which the appellant had was never fired during the robbery. After his arrest the appellant and his gun and its 12 rounds of ammunition were immediately taken to Detective Inspector of}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid7472341 Police David Bakehemura (PW5) }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13124547\charrsid9791526 at Rukingiri Police Station. PW5 re-arrested t}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid7472341 he appellant and detained him. }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13124547\charrsid9791526 He then examined the gun. His testimony on the point is as follows: - \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid7472341 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid7472341 {\b\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13124547\charrsid9791526 \'93 The gun can fire. I examined it and formed the view that }{\b\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13124547\charrsid7472341 it}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13124547\charrsid9791526 }{ \b\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13124547\charrsid9791526 can fire. It was clean inside so I believed it could fire. I have handled firearms for 20 years. (After checking it by handling the trigger which clicked, this gun can fire even without oiling it)\'94 \line }{\b\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid7472341 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid7472341 {\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13124547\charrsid9791526 In his judgment the trial Judge stated thus \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid7472341 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid7472341 {\b\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13124547\charrsid9791526 \'93I asked him}{ \b\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid7472341 (PW5) to prove that it (the gun}{\b\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13124547\charrsid9791526 ) was capable of firing even by now. It looked rusty. }{ \b\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid7472341\charrsid7472341 H}{\b\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13124547\charrsid7472341 e}{\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13124547\charrsid9791526 }{ \b\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13124547\charrsid9791526 examined it and when he pulled the trigger, it clicked. }{\b\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13124547\charrsid7472341 He}{ \i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13124547\charrsid9791526 }{\b\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13124547\charrsid9791526 assured us it can fire. In the consequence both counsel and I gave up the idea of test firing it\'94. (sic) }{ \b\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid7472341 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid7472341 {\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13124547\charrsid9791526 Counsel for the appellant has argued that unless the gun is fired during the robbery or is test-fired subsequently, it is not a gun. The case of: }{\b\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13124547\charrsid9791526 Shaban Birumba and Another v Uganda, }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13124547\charrsid9791526 Cr. Appeal No. 32 of 1989, (Supreme Court) was relied on. He also submitted that a Police Officer is not a firearm expert so that the evidence of PW5 was of no consequence. }{ \b\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13124547\charrsid9791526 Gacheru s/o Njaguara v. R }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13124547\charrsid9791526 (E. A. C. A) Criminal Appeal No. 938 of }{ \i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13124547\charrsid9791526 1954 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13124547\charrsid9791526 was cited in support. We do not find Shaban (supra) relevant here. In that case the gun was never recovered and so it was never examined. \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid7472341 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid9791526 {\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13124547\charrsid9791526 That is why the Court could not know whether or not it was capable of discharging a bullet. In the case before us the gun was recovered and alter examined by }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13124547\charrsid7472341 PW5.}{ \i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13124547\charrsid9791526 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13124547\charrsid9791526 Contrary to the submission made by Counsel for the appellant, }{ \b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13124547\charrsid7472341 Gacheru}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13124547\charrsid9791526 (supra) in fact decided clearly that a Police officer engaged on operational work of a long time acquires sufficient practical experience or knowledge to qualify him to speak as an export on guns. In that case the appeal s ucceeded only because the Court was not satisfied with regard to the practical experience or knowledge of the Police witness. \line In our opinion there can be no such doubt with regard to PW5. \line The point perhaps is this. Is it to be proved that the gun dischar ged a bullet or that it is capable of discharging a bullet? We think that. it is enough for the prosecution to establish on expert evidence, that the gun is capable of discharging a bullet, although the best course to take would be to test }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid7472341 -}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13124547\charrsid9791526 fire the gun. In this case the evidence of PW5 showed clearly that the gun was in good working order. That meant that it that it was a deadly weapon within the meaning of Section 273(2) of the Penal Code. Accordingly ground two appeal fails. \line }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid7472341 I}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13124547\charrsid9791526 n the result the appeal is dismissed. \line Dated at Mengo this }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid7472341 31}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid7472341\charrsid7472341 s}{\lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid13124547\charrsid7472341 t}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid7472341 }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13124547\charrsid9791526 day of December 1993. \line }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13124547\charrsid9791526 S. T. MAYINDO \line DEPUTY CHIEF JUSTICE \line J. B. ODOKI \line JUST}{ \b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid7472341 ICE OF THE SUPREME COURT \line A. H. O}{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13124547\charrsid9791526 . ODER \line JUSTICE OF THE SUPREME COURT }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13124547\charrsid9791526 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9791526 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid14830933\charrsid9791526 \par }}