Bongomin Santo v Uganda (Criminal Appeal No. 16/2007) [2009] UGCA 30 (17 August 2009)

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)}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16469663 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\insrsid5925396\charrsid16469663 THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA \par IN THE COURT OF APPEAL UGANDA, AT KAMPALA \par CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 16/2007 \par }{\b\insrsid12462946\charrsid16469663 BO}{\b\insrsid5925396\charrsid16469663 NGOMIN SANTO ::::::::::::::::::::::::::: APPELLANT \par VERSUS \par UGANDA :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::RESPONDENT \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16469663 {\b\insrsid13717452\charrsid16469663 CORAM:}{\b\insrsid5925396\charrsid16469663 \par }{\b\insrsid13717452\charrsid16469663 \tab \tab }{\b\insrsid5925396\charrsid16469663 HON. JUSTICE }{\b\insrsid4662457\charrsid16469663 A}{\b\insrsid5925396\charrsid16469663 . E. N. MPAGI-BAHIGEINE, JA \par }{\b\insrsid13717452\charrsid16469663 \tab \tab }{\b\insrsid5925396\charrsid16469663 HON. JUSTICE S.}{\b\insrsid13717452\charrsid16469663 }{\b\insrsid5925396\charrsid16469663 G.}{\b\insrsid13717452\charrsid16469663 ENGWAU, JA}{ \b\insrsid5925396\charrsid16469663 \par }{\b\insrsid13717452\charrsid16469663 \tab \tab HON. JUSTICE A. TWINOMUJUNI, JA \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16469663 {\b\insrsid5925396\charrsid16469663 \par }{\b\ul\insrsid5925396\charrsid16469663 Judgment of the C}{\b\ul\insrsid551868\charrsid16469663 ourt \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16469663 {\b\ul\insrsid551868\charrsid16469663 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16469663 {\insrsid551868\charrsid16469663 The appellant, Bo}{\insrsid8338691\charrsid16469663 n}{\insrsid551868\charrsid16469663 gomi}{ \insrsid13717452\charrsid16469663 n}{\insrsid551868\charrsid16469663 Santo, was indicted for and convicted on nine (9) counts of murder contrary to }{\b\insrsid551868\charrsid16469663 sections 188 and 189}{\insrsid551868\charrsid16469663 of the }{ \b\insrsid551868\charrsid16469663 Penal Code Act}{\insrsid551868\charrsid16469663 .}{\insrsid8338691\charrsid16469663 }{\insrsid551868\charrsid16469663 He was sentenced to death on count}{\insrsid8338691\charrsid16469663 one, while the sentence}{ \insrsid551868\charrsid16469663 on the other counts remained suspended.}{\insrsid8338691\charrsid16469663 Hence this appeal.}{\insrsid551868\charrsid16469663 \par }\pard \qj \li360\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid16469663 {\insrsid8338691\charrsid16469663 The facts were that on 02-03-1998, the appellant and others still at large}{ \insrsid6122697\charrsid16469663 ,}{\insrsid8338691\charrsid16469663 while armed, stormed the home of one Kidega }{\insrsid6122697\charrsid16469663 Justin}{\insrsid8338691\charrsid16469663 , son of Kolo Valentino, at Paicho Almin-Luwek}{ \insrsid6122697\charrsid16469663 ,}{\insrsid8338691\charrsid16469663 at around 10.00 p.m and killed various people to wit Aloyo Margaret, }{\insrsid15929237\charrsid16469663 Ajok Rose, Aryema E}{\insrsid8338691\charrsid16469663 rojena, Opiro Cosmas, Nyeko Ben, Lawoko Paul, Odokonyero Charles, Obita Peter and Tuke. \par \par It was Kidega Justin who alerted the Civic Defence Team from Gulu}{\insrsid15929237\charrsid16469663 , which}{\insrsid8338691\charrsid16469663 on arriving at the scene saw dead bodies littered around. \par }{\insrsid15929237\charrsid16469663 The team}{\insrsid8338691\charrsid16469663 ordered the bodies to be immediately bur}{\insrsid15929237\charrsid16469663 ied as the area was insecure. There was no doctor}{\insrsid8338691\charrsid16469663 availa}{ \insrsid13717452\charrsid16469663 ble to carry out the postmortem examinations.}{\insrsid8338691\charrsid16469663 \par Police investigations disclosed that the appellant, Bongomin Santo had all along been threatening to kill the family of Kolo Valentino because he suspected and accused them of having reported him to }{\insrsid15929237\charrsid16469663 the }{ \insrsid8338691\charrsid16469663 authorities that he was a rebel collaborator, for which he had been remanded at Luzira prison for a long time. \par Investigations further revealed that it was the appellant who had led the assailants and was pin pointing}{\insrsid15929237\charrsid16469663 out}{\insrsid8338691\charrsid16469663 the victims to be killed and that he also participated in the killings.

\par }{\insrsid6122697\charrsid16469663 \par At the trial he put up a defence of alibi which the learned Judge rejected. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16469663 {\insrsid551868\charrsid16469663 He appealed to this court on the following grounds, namely that: \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid15929237\charrsid16469663 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-540\li900\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar \jclisttab\tx900\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin900\itap0\pararsid16469663 {\b\insrsid15929237\charrsid16469663 The learned Judge erred in law}{\b\insrsid551868\charrsid16469663 and fact when he failed to properly evaluate the evidence relating to the three ingredients of the offence; and relied instead on concessions by counsel. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid551868\charrsid16469663 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}The le}{\b\insrsid15929237\charrsid16469663 arned Judge erred in law}{\b\insrsid551868\charrsid16469663 and fact when he failed to take into account the adverse conditions when evaluating the evidence of identification; and convicted the appellant on unreliable evidence. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid551868\charrsid16469663 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}The learned Judge erred in law and fact when he fo}{\b\insrsid12979197\charrsid16469663 und that the appellant caused the death of the deceased.}{\b\insrsid551868\charrsid16469663 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12979197\charrsid16469663 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 4.\tab}}{\b\insrsid12979197\charrsid16469663 The learned Judge erred in law and fact when he failed to afford the appellant an opportunity to mitigate the sentence. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12979197\charrsid16469663 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 5.\tab}The learned Judge erred in lane and fact in rejecting the appellant\rquote s alibi. \par }\pard \qj \li360\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid16469663 {\b\insrsid16325165\charrsid16469663 \par }{\insrsid15929237\charrsid16469663 Mr.}{\insrsid16477691\charrsid16469663 Mohamed Ally Kajubi appeared for the appellant while Ms. Alice Komuhagi, learned Princip}{\insrsid15929237\charrsid16469663 al State Attorney (PSA) represented}{ \insrsid16477691\charrsid16469663 the respondent. \par \par }{\insrsid15929237\charrsid16469663 Mr.}{\insrsid16477691\charrsid16469663 Kajubi, learned counsel}{\insrsid15929237\charrsid16469663 ,}{\insrsid16477691\charrsid16469663 argued grounds }{\b\insrsid16477691\charrsid16469663 1,}{ \insrsid16477691\charrsid16469663 }{\b\insrsid15929237\charrsid16469663 2}{\insrsid15929237\charrsid16469663 }{\insrsid16477691\charrsid16469663 and }{\b\insrsid16477691\charrsid16469663 3}{\insrsid16477691\charrsid16469663 together; grounds }{ \b\insrsid16477691\charrsid16469663 4 }{\insrsid16477691\charrsid16469663 a}{\insrsid6185056\charrsid16469663 n}{\insrsid16477691\charrsid16469663 d }{\b\insrsid16477691\charrsid16469663 5}{\insrsid16477691\charrsid16469663 were argued separately. \par \par Submitting on grounds }{\b\insrsid16477691\charrsid16469663 1, 2 and 3}{\insrsid16477691\charrsid16469663 Mr. Kajubi pointed out that}{\insrsid15621007\charrsid16469663 the learned Judge relied on unreliable evide}{\insrsid15929237\charrsid16469663 nce throughout his evaluation}{\insrsid15621007\charrsid16469663 of the evidence.}{\insrsid15929237\charrsid16469663 Concerning identification of the appellant}{\insrsid11345450\charrsid16469663 ,}{\insrsid15929237\charrsid16469663 the evidence was inconsistent}{\insrsid15621007\charrsid16469663 and contradictory. He referred to the evidence of Valentino Kolo }{\insrsid15929237\charrsid16469663 (}{\b\insrsid15621007\charrsid16469663 PW3}{\b\insrsid15929237\charrsid16469663 )}{ \insrsid15621007\charrsid16469663 at page }{\b\insrsid15621007\charrsid16469663 18 }{\b\insrsid9702858\charrsid16469663 lines}{\b\insrsid15929237\charrsid16469663 319 and}{\b\insrsid15621007\charrsid16469663 322}{\insrsid15621007\charrsid16469663 where he testified. \par }{\i\insrsid15621007\charrsid16469663 \'93 \'85.. my wife had injuries on her head, ne}{\i\insrsid15929237\charrsid16469663 ar the eye and the back and chest}{\i\insrsid15621007\charrsid16469663 . She was also burnt. \par \'85\'85\'85 All had injuries on their heads and they were burnt\'85\'85\'94 \par }{\insrsid15929237\charrsid16469663 He however, did not say what was contradictory}{\insrsid11345450\charrsid16469663 , here.}{\insrsid15929237\charrsid16469663 \par }{\insrsid15621007\charrsid16469663 \par Regarding the}{\insrsid16611847\charrsid16469663 evidence of Aol}{\insrsid8457998\charrsid16469663 Christin}{\insrsid8741104\charrsid16469663 e}{\insrsid8457998\charrsid16469663 }{\b\insrsid16611847\charrsid16469663 (}{ \b\insrsid8457998\charrsid16469663 PW2}{\b\insrsid16611847\charrsid16469663 )}{\b\insrsid8457998\charrsid16469663 ,}{\insrsid8457998\charrsid16469663 learned counsel }{\insrsid16611847\charrsid16469663 claimed that it was full of inconsistencies and contradictions in the description of peoples injuries.}{\insrsid8457998\charrsid16469663 \par }{\insrsid8741104\charrsid16469663 \par }{\insrsid8457998\charrsid16469663 Learned counsel also alluded to the PW2\rquote s statement }{\insrsid11345450\charrsid16469663 to police which differed from}{\insrsid8457998\charrsid16469663 that she gave in court though she explained}{ \insrsid16611847\charrsid16469663 that she had not yet recovered, from the trauma of the attack}{\insrsid11345450\charrsid16469663 at the time she made a statement to police}{\insrsid16611847\charrsid16469663 .}{\insrsid8457998\charrsid16469663 In counsel\rquote s view}{\insrsid12462946\charrsid16469663 ,}{\insrsid8457998\charrsid16469663 her evidence was not consistent and she was not credible. \par \par Learned counsel submitted that the circumstances of the attack w}{\insrsid16611847\charrsid16469663 ere not favourable to corr}{\insrsid8457998\charrsid16469663 ect identification. The }{\insrsid15362545\charrsid16469663 attack was sudden and fearful. PW2 would not have been able to see}{\insrsid16611847\charrsid16469663 and identify}{\insrsid15362545\charrsid16469663 the appellant. He }{\insrsid16611847\charrsid16469663 therefore }{\insrsid15362545\charrsid16469663 concluded that it was mistaken identity because the}{\insrsid16611847\charrsid16469663 appellant was always a suspect, citing}{\b\insrsid16611847\charrsid16469663 }{\b\insrsid15362545\charrsid16469663 Kigundu and other}{ \b\insrsid8741104\charrsid16469663 s}{\b\insrsid11345450\charrsid16469663 v U}{\b\insrsid15362545\charrsid16469663 CACA 25/2002.}{\insrsid15362545\charrsid16469663 \par Learned counsel faulted the Judge for relying on }{\insrsid16611847\charrsid16469663 the}{\insrsid15362545\charrsid16469663 evidence }{\insrsid11475387\charrsid16469663 o}{\insrsid15362545\charrsid16469663 f }{\b\insrsid15362545\charrsid16469663 PW3}{ \insrsid16611847\charrsid16469663 as corroboration -}{\insrsid15362545\charrsid16469663 }{\b\insrsid15362545\charrsid16469663 page 17 line 307}{\insrsid16611847\charrsid16469663 , w}{\insrsid15362545\charrsid16469663 here the witness testified}{ \insrsid16611847\charrsid16469663 :}{\insrsid15362545\charrsid16469663 \'93}{\i\insrsid15362545\charrsid16469663 the accused had threatened to kill his wife for romour mongering that the accused was a rebel collaborator therefore}{ \insrsid15362545\charrsid16469663 \par }{\i\insrsid15362545\charrsid16469663 I advised him to take the matter to the LCs or the police}{\insrsid15362545\charrsid16469663 \'94. }{\insrsid15294668\charrsid16469663 \par He also relied on the testimony of Julius }{\insrsid11475387\charrsid16469663 O}{\insrsid15294668\charrsid16469663 bar who stated that before his so}{\insrsid11475387\charrsid16469663 n}{\insrsid15294668\charrsid16469663 Nyero died of a fatal wound on the waist, he had told him}{\insrsid11475387\charrsid16469663 }{\insrsid15294668\charrsid16469663 that it was the }{\insrsid11475387\charrsid16469663 appellant}{\insrsid15294668\charrsid16469663 who was the killer. \par \par }{\insrsid16611847\charrsid16469663 In }{\insrsid15294668\charrsid16469663 Mr. Kajubi}{\insrsid16611847\charrsid16469663 \rquote s view}{\insrsid7541900\charrsid16469663 }{\insrsid15294668\charrsid16469663 the evidence of all}{ \insrsid7541900\charrsid16469663 the}{\insrsid15294668\charrsid16469663 prosecution }{\insrsid11475387\charrsid16469663 witness}{\insrsid11345450\charrsid16469663 es}{\insrsid15294668\charrsid16469663 was }{\insrsid7541900\charrsid16469663 untruthful as it was based on}{\insrsid15294668\charrsid16469663 mere suspicion}{\insrsid11345450\charrsid16469663 because}{\insrsid15294668\charrsid16469663 of alleged threat}{\insrsid7541900\charrsid16469663 s. This}{ \insrsid15294668\charrsid16469663 would not establish beyond reasonable doubt that t}{\insrsid7541900\charrsid16469663 he appellant committed the crime}{\insrsid15294668\charrsid16469663 . \par He thus prayed court to allow grounds }{\b\insrsid15294668\charrsid16469663 1, 2 and 3}{\insrsid7541900\charrsid16469663 .}{\insrsid15294668\charrsid16469663 }{\insrsid11345450\charrsid16469663 \par \par }{\insrsid11475387\charrsid16469663 Ms. }{\insrsid16143625\charrsid16469663 Alice}{\insrsid15294668\charrsid16469663 Kamuhang}{\insrsid9702858\charrsid16469663 i}{\insrsid15294668\charrsid16469663 }{\insrsid7541900\charrsid16469663 learned PSA }{ \insrsid15294668\charrsid16469663 supported both conviction and sentence. }{\insrsid7541900\charrsid16469663 Responding to}{\insrsid15294668\charrsid16469663 grounds }{\b\insrsid15294668\charrsid16469663 1, 2 and 3}{\insrsid7541900\charrsid16469663 she }{\insrsid15294668\charrsid16469663 co}{\insrsid16143625\charrsid16469663 n}{\insrsid15294668\charrsid16469663 tended}{\insrsid16143625\charrsid16469663 that there were neither incon}{\insrsid11475387\charrsid16469663 s}{ \insrsid7541900\charrsid16469663 istencies nor contradictions}{\insrsid11475387\charrsid16469663 relied on by}{\insrsid16143625\charrsid16469663 the learned Judge. \par \par }{\insrsid7541900\charrsid16469663 The statements of }{\b\insrsid7541900\charrsid16469663 PW2}{\insrsid16143625\charrsid16469663 to police and the court did not differ}{\insrsid7736188\charrsid16469663 . A}{\insrsid16143625\charrsid16469663 t the police, }{\b\insrsid16143625\charrsid16469663 PW2}{\insrsid7541900\charrsid16469663 clearly explained}{\insrsid16143625\charrsid16469663 that she had not recovered well from the trauma of the attack. She said that on the orders of the appellant, the Kadogo had hit her}{\insrsid11345450\charrsid16469663 on the head,}{\insrsid16143625\charrsid16469663 with a pistol}{\insrsid11345450\charrsid16469663 ,}{\insrsid16143625\charrsid16469663 into unconsciousness}{\insrsid15220414\charrsid16469663 as a result of which she}{\insrsid7541900\charrsid16469663 had spent 2 months in hospital, and that }{\insrsid15220414\charrsid16469663 at the time of trial she had recovered. The alleged inconsistencies concerned the so many}{\insrsid7736188\charrsid16469663 injuries to so }{\insrsid7541900\charrsid16469663 many injured}{\insrsid15220414\charrsid16469663 people. Al}{ \insrsid7736188\charrsid16469663 l}{\insrsid15220414\charrsid16469663 people had different injuries }{\insrsid7541900\charrsid16469663 and }{\insrsid15220414\charrsid16469663 it i}{\insrsid7541900\charrsid16469663 s possible for people to observe such}{ \insrsid15220414\charrsid16469663 injuries diff}{\insrsid7541900\charrsid16469663 erently, Ms. Komuhangi obs}{\insrsid11345450\charrsid16469663 e}{\insrsid7541900\charrsid16469663 rved}{\insrsid15220414\charrsid16469663 . \par \par Concerni}{\insrsid7541900\charrsid16469663 ng the appellant\rquote s identity, Ms.}{\insrsid15220414\charrsid16469663 Komuhangi stated}{\insrsid7541900\charrsid16469663 that}{\insrsid15220414\charrsid16469663 he had been specifically identified by Aol Christine (PW2) who knew the appellant very well as they were neighbours living about 400 metres apart. As the rebels approached, they were ta}{\insrsid12934298\charrsid16469663 l}{ \insrsid15220414\charrsid16469663 king. PW2 knew the appellant\rquote s voice which she identified. The appellant asked for Kidega who was }{\b\insrsid15220414\charrsid16469663 PW2\rquote s}{\insrsid15220414\charrsid16469663 spouse.}{ \insrsid11345450\charrsid16469663 }{\insrsid15220414\charrsid16469663 The appellant was commanding}{\insrsid4086376\charrsid16469663 others what to do. PW2 saw and watched the appellant though she had been ordered to lie down, she had lost all hope of living}{\insrsid11345450\charrsid16469663 she could risk raising up her head to see}{\insrsid4086376\charrsid16469663 . All the s ix homes in the homestead had been set on fire}{\insrsid7541900\charrsid16469663 there was thus sufficient light.}{\insrsid10294389\charrsid16469663 }{\insrsid4086376\charrsid16469663 Sh}{\insrsid655688\charrsid16469663 e could thus see the appellant }{ \insrsid15821520\charrsid16469663 and even described the clothes }{\insrsid655688\charrsid16469663 h}{\insrsid15821520\charrsid16469663 e was putting on. PW2 could see that the rebels}{\insrsid655688\charrsid16469663 numbered seven plus the appellant. They had five guns, one panga and one axe. The others were clad in uniforms while the app}{\insrsid10294389\charrsid16469663 ellant donned green jeans }{\insrsid655688\charrsid16469663 and a green t-shirt. The attack lasted 2 hours while PW2 took 30 minutes observing what was going on. The appellant was 7 metres away from her.}{\insrsid1119983\charrsid16469663 \par \par Ms. Komuhangi asserted that PW2 was a truthful witness since she candidly said the appellant was only commanding and did not carry out the actual killing \endash though she could easily have said so.}{\insrsid6504954\charrsid16469663 }{ \insrsid1119983\charrsid16469663 No grudge existed between}{\insrsid6504954\charrsid16469663 the}{\insrsid1119983\charrsid16469663 family}{\insrsid6504954\charrsid16469663 of PW2}{\insrsid1119983\charrsid16469663 and that of the appellant. The appell ant was their }{\insrsid10294389\charrsid16469663 friend}{\insrsid1119983\charrsid16469663 . Th}{\insrsid11345450\charrsid16469663 ey were living well except for the}{\insrsid12462946\charrsid16469663 m}{\insrsid1119983\charrsid16469663 ere romours}{ \insrsid6504954\charrsid16469663 flying around}{\insrsid1119983\charrsid16469663 that he was a rebel collaborator. \par \par Ms. Komuha}{\insrsid6504954\charrsid16469663 n}{\insrsid1119983\charrsid16469663 gi distinguished the case of }{\b\insrsid1119983\charrsid16469663 Kiggundu}{\insrsid1119983\charrsid16469663 (supra) relied on by Mr. Kajubi in that the attack in }{ \b\insrsid1119983\charrsid16469663 Kiggundu\rquote s }{\insrsid1119983\charrsid16469663 case}{\insrsid6504954\charrsid16469663 had}{\insrsid1119983\charrsid16469663 lasted only 15 }{\insrsid14748258\charrsid16469663 minutes thus there was}{ \insrsid6504954\charrsid16469663 clearly}{\insrsid14748258\charrsid16469663 }{\insrsid11345450\charrsid16469663 in}{\insrsid14748258\charrsid16469663 sufficient time for identification whereas in the instant case the attack lasted almost 2 hours and all the surrounding houses were ablaze}{\insrsid6504954\charrsid16469663 thus furnishing}{\insrsid10555661\charrsid16469663 enough}{ \insrsid6504954\charrsid16469663 light. Furthermore t}{\insrsid14748258\charrsid16469663 he appella}{\insrsid6504954\charrsid16469663 nt disappeared after the attack, raising considerable doubt about his innocence.}{\insrsid14748258\charrsid16469663

\par The learned Judge observed: \par }{\b\i\insrsid14748258\charrsid16469663 \'93The accused himself admits that on one occasion the rebels sent him to buy goods for them and indeed he did buy goods for them. \par Besides}{\b\i\insrsid8535683\charrsid16469663 PW3 Vale}{\b\i\insrsid10294389\charrsid16469663 n}{\b\i\insrsid8535683\charrsid16469663 tino Kolo told court that the accused had warned that Valentino\rquote s wife Enzama}{ \b\i\insrsid10294389\charrsid16469663 }{\b\i\insrsid8535683\charrsid16469663 Aryemo had been spreading romours that he was a rebel collaborator and that he would use his means and knew what}{\b\i\insrsid948026\charrsid16469663 to do. Aryemo was}{ \b\i\insrsid8535683\charrsid16469663 one of the people killed. Next is the evidence of PW4 Julius Obaro who told the court that Nyero Ben who was his brother\rquote s son told him before he died that B}{\b\i\insrsid948026\charrsid16469663 o}{ \b\i\insrsid8535683\charrsid16469663 ngomin the accused had killed him for nothing.}{\b\i\insrsid14748258\charrsid16469663 }{\b\i\insrsid8535683\charrsid16469663 All these put together would lead to the inference that the accused went with the assailants and was rightly identified at the scene\'94. \par }{\b\insrsid948026\charrsid16469663 \par }{\insrsid948026\charrsid16469663 The appellant\rquote s participation is the only ingredient }{\insrsid1457766\charrsid16469663 of murder that is disputed here. This turns on the factors of }{\insrsid10555661\charrsid16469663 the available }{ \insrsid1457766\charrsid16469663 light around, length of}{\insrsid10555661\charrsid16469663 the}{\insrsid1457766\charrsid16469663 time to identify and observe, }{\insrsid10555661\charrsid16469663 the }{\insrsid1457766\charrsid16469663 distance from the appellant and familiarity with him - See }{\ul\insrsid1457766\charrsid16469663 Nabulele and others v Uganda (1979) HCB 79. }{\ul\insrsid948026\charrsid16469663 \par }{\insrsid1457766\charrsid16469663 PW2 said }{\insrsid15082866\charrsid16469663 she was five metres from the appellant; she described his clothing on the night of the incident; she stated that several homes were burnt (creating additional light) and that she knew the accused very well as they were good neighbours}{ \insrsid10555661\charrsid16469663 even}{\insrsid15082866\charrsid16469663 in the words of the appellant himself. }{\b\insrsid15082866\charrsid16469663 PW2}{\insrsid15082866\charrsid16469663 stated the incident lasted for about two hours before she was hit on the head into unconsciousness. Though she was lying face down she routinely picked her head up to }{\insrsid5793173\charrsid16469663 see the rebels. In her own wor}{ \insrsid15082866\charrsid16469663 ds, she had lost hope of living.}{\insrsid3243340\charrsid16469663 \par \par We are inclined to believe that }{\b\insrsid3243340\charrsid16469663 PW2}{\insrsid3243340\charrsid16469663 was not confused or lying. She gave a precise description of the appellant, his green jeans and t-shirt, as contrasted by the uniforms worn by the other rebe ls. She described the ways in which other five relatives were killed down to the number of hits and cuts to different parts of their bodies as well as which body parts were injured. Her co-wife Aloyo wa}{\insrsid12462946\charrsid16469663 s killed by cutting her with a p}{\insrsid3243340\charrsid16469663 anga and beating her. Odokonyero was killed by cutting his }{\insrsid9596236\charrsid16469663 head. The}{\insrsid3243340\charrsid16469663 appellant ordered that no one should be left alive. Aryemo was cut on the back, waist and head. \par \par The only flaw in }{\b\insrsid3243340\charrsid16469663 PW2\rquote s}{\insrsid3243340\charrsid16469663 test}{\insrsid14764154\charrsid16469663 imony was}{\insrsid3243340\charrsid16469663 that her statement to the police contrasted with her evidence in court and this was merely in respect of the number of cuts made on certain victims.}{\insrsid9596236\charrsid16469663 Moreover }{\b\insrsid9596236\charrsid16469663 PW2 }{ \insrsid9596236\charrsid16469663 admitted to being afraid and shaken on the night of the attack. }{\insrsid1122714\charrsid16469663 Still}{\insrsid9596236\charrsid16469663 }{\insrsid14764154\charrsid16469663 it would be imprudent to dismiss}{ \insrsid9596236\charrsid16469663 the testimonies }{\insrsid9525430\charrsid16469663 of murder witnesses on such }{\insrsid15223345\charrsid16469663 grounds}{\insrsid1122714\charrsid16469663 .}{\insrsid15223345\charrsid16469663 Should}{ \insrsid9525430\charrsid16469663 murder witnesses always be sober and fully }{\insrsid15223345\charrsid16469663 c}{\insrsid9525430\charrsid16469663 omposed}{\insrsid14764154\charrsid16469663 or not even cry}{\insrsid9525430\charrsid16469663 }{ \insrsid6109642\charrsid16469663 (}{\insrsid15223345\charrsid16469663 as}{\insrsid4403550\charrsid16469663 the defence argued}{\insrsid14764154\charrsid16469663 that because she had tears i}{\insrsid4403550\charrsid16469663 n her eyes, therefore }{ \insrsid6109642\charrsid16469663 she could not observe any thing}{\insrsid4403550\charrsid16469663 )}{\insrsid6109642\charrsid16469663 ? This would be unrealistic.}{\insrsid4403550\charrsid16469663 \par \par }{\b\insrsid4403550\charrsid16469663 PW2\rquote s}{\insrsid11558629\charrsid16469663 }{\insrsid4403550\charrsid16469663 story was too candid to permit of any doubt.}{\insrsid15223345\charrsid16469663 }{\insrsid4403550\charrsid16469663 T}{ \insrsid1122714\charrsid16469663 he learned J}{\insrsid4403550\charrsid16469663 udge correctly found corroboration in the evidence of }{\b\insrsid4403550\charrsid16469663 PW4 }{\insrsid4403550\charrsid16469663 who testified that his son Nyero told }{ \insrsid6109642\charrsid16469663 him (}{\b\insrsid4403550\charrsid16469663 PW4}{\b\insrsid6109642\charrsid16469663 )}{\insrsid4403550\charrsid16469663 that it was the appellant who dealt him the fatal wound to his waist. \par \par Lastly}{\b\insrsid4403550\charrsid16469663 , PW3}{\insrsid4403550\charrsid16469663 spoke of the alleged threats by the appellant on his deceased}{\insrsid11558629\charrsid16469663 wife. The learned Judge thus correctly evaluated the evidence. We cannot fault him. Grounds }{\b\insrsid11558629\charrsid16469663 1, 2}{\insrsid11558629\charrsid16469663 and }{\b\insrsid11558629\charrsid16469663 3}{\insrsid11558629\charrsid16469663 stand dismissed. }{\insrsid1122714\charrsid16469663 \par \par }{\insrsid11558629\charrsid16469663 Concerning ground }{\b\insrsid11558629\charrsid16469663 No.4}{\insrsid11558629\charrsid16469663 , the app}{\insrsid6109642\charrsid16469663 ellant was sentenced to death on 26-03-2007.}{ \insrsid11558629\charrsid16469663 }{\insrsid6109642\charrsid16469663 It seems irrelevant to allow an appeal for mitigation of a sentence in such a case as this one. }{\i\insrsid3243340\charrsid16469663 \par }{\insrsid7553\charrsid16469663 \par However}{\insrsid12462946\charrsid16469663 ,}{\insrsid7553\charrsid16469663 since this court}{\insrsid8653697\charrsid16469663 is vested with all the powers of the trial court, we conceive this to be an outrageously sadistic case deserving the very m}{ \insrsid6109642\charrsid16469663 aximum sentence. We cannot fathom}{\insrsid8653697\charrsid16469663 }{\insrsid4661518\charrsid16469663 a}{\insrsid8653697\charrsid16469663 n}{\insrsid6109642\charrsid16469663 y}{\insrsid8653697\charrsid16469663 extenuating circumstance which would prompt an individual to violently kill nine human beings under such circumstances}{\insrsid6109642\charrsid16469663 . W}{\insrsid8653697\charrsid16469663 e thus see no reason to mitigate this sentence. \par \par In view of our findings on grounds }{\b\insrsid8653697\charrsid16469663 1, 2}{\insrsid6109642\charrsid16469663 ,}{\insrsid8653697\charrsid16469663 }{\b\insrsid8653697\charrsid16469663 3}{\b\insrsid6109642\charrsid16469663 and 4}{ \insrsid8653697\charrsid16469663 ground }{\b\insrsid8653697\charrsid16469663 5}{\b\insrsid5652590\charrsid16469663 }{\insrsid5652590\charrsid16469663 concerning alibi}{\insrsid8653697\charrsid16469663 became superfluous}{ \insrsid14879839\charrsid16469663 .}{\insrsid8653697\charrsid16469663 }{\insrsid7553\charrsid16469663 \par }{\b\insrsid10971907\charrsid16469663 \par }{\insrsid5652590\charrsid16469663 We agree with the learned Judge that once}{\insrsid3621704\charrsid16469663 there is evidence that places the accused at the scene of the crime at the time the offence was committed then the defence of alibi}{ \insrsid6056749\charrsid16469663 }{\insrsid3621704\charrsid16469663 will not }{\insrsid5652590\charrsid16469663 stand. We thus find this appeal devoid of any merit a}{\insrsid12462946\charrsid16469663 n}{\insrsid5652590\charrsid16469663 d dismiss it forthwith.}{\insrsid6056749\charrsid16469663 }{\insrsid16477691\charrsid16469663 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16469663 {\b\insrsid10885819\charrsid16469663 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16469663 {\b\insrsid9600551\charrsid16469663 Dated at Kampala this }{\b\insrsid1014314\charrsid16469663 17}{\b\super\insrsid1014314\charrsid16469663 th} {\b\insrsid1014314\charrsid16469663 }{\b\insrsid9600551\charrsid16469663 day of }{\b\insrsid1014314\charrsid16469663 August }{\b\insrsid9600551\charrsid16469663 2009 \par HON. JUSTICE }{\b\insrsid3950076\charrsid16469663 A}{\b\insrsid9600551\charrsid16469663 . E. N. MPAGI-BAHIGEI}{\b\insrsid10885819\charrsid16469663 NE}{\b\insrsid9600551\charrsid16469663 \par }{\b\insrsid10885819\charrsid16469663 JUSTICE OF APPEAL \par }{\b\insrsid9600551\charrsid16469663 \par \par HON. JUSTICE S. G. }{\b\insrsid10885819\charrsid16469663 ENGWAU}{\b\insrsid9600551\charrsid16469663 \par }{\b\insrsid10885819\charrsid16469663 JUSTICE OF APPEAL \par }{\b\insrsid9600551\charrsid16469663 \par \par }{\b\insrsid10885819\charrsid16469663 HON. JUSTICE A. TWINOMUJUNI}{\b\insrsid9600551\charrsid16469663 \par }{\b\insrsid10885819\charrsid16469663 JUSTICE OFAPPEAL \par }{\b\insrsid9600551\charrsid16469663 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16469663 {\b\insrsid9600551\charrsid16469663 \par }\pard \qj \li360\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid16469663 {\insrsid9600551\charrsid16469663 \par }}