Bukenya Patrick and Anor v Uganda [2002] UGSC 37 (18 December 2002)

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}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 AT MENGO \par }\pard \s24\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9990889 {\fs20\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 \par }\pard \s24\qc \li0\ri0\sb158\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9990889 {\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 (CORAM: ODER, TSEKOOKO, KAROKORA, MULENGA,}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{ \cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 KANYEIHAMBA, JJSC) \par }\pard \s24\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9990889 {\fs20\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 \par }\pard \s24\qc \li0\ri0\sb168\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9990889 {\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 15 OF 2001}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 \par }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 BETWEEN \par }\pard\plain \s20\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9990889 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 \par }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 BUKENYA PATRICK )}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85..}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889

\par }\pard \s20\qc \li0\ri0\sb5\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tldot\tx6643\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9990889 {\cs37\fs26\cf1\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 MUNSURU RAJABU) \tab APPELLANTS \par }\pard\plain \s27\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9990889 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs37\fs26\cf1\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 AND \par }\pard\plain \s20\qc \li0\ri0\sb5\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tldot\tx6715\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9990889 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs37\fs26\cf1\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 UGANDA \tab RESPONDENT \par }\pard\plain \s21\qc \li1027\ri1008\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin1008\lin1027\itap0\pararsid9990889 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs20\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 \par }\pard \s21\qj \li1027\ri1008\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin1008\lin1027\itap0\pararsid9990889 {\fs20\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 \par }\pard \s21\qj \li1027\ri1008\sb38\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin1008\lin1027\itap0\pararsid9990889 {\cs35\b\i\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 (Appeal from the decision of the Court of Appeal at}{ \cs35\b\i\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs35\b\i\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 Kampala by the Hon. Justices Kato, Berko, Mpagi-}{\cs35\b\i\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{ \cs35\b\i\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 Bahigeine, JJA dated 26}{\cs35\b\i\fs26\cf1\super\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 th}{\cs35\b\i\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 April 2001 in Criminal}{ \cs35\b\i\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs35\b\i\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 Appeal No. 15 of 1999) \par }\pard\plain \s25\ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9990889 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs20\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 \par }\pard \s25\ql \li0\ri0\sb226\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9990889 {\cs39\b\fs26\ul\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 JUDGMENT}{\cs39\b\fs26\ul\expnd2\expndtw10\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{ \cs39\b\fs26\ul\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 OF}{\cs39\b\fs26\ul\expnd2\expndtw10\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs39\b\fs26\ul\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 THE}{\cs39\b\fs26\ul\expnd2\expndtw10\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{ \cs39\b\fs26\ul\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 COURT \par }\pard\plain \s20\qj \li0\ri0\sb53\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9990889 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 This is a second appeal. The appellants were tried and convicted by the}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 High Court sitting at Fort Portal on 17"' March 1999 for aggravated}{ \cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 robbery contrary to sections 272 and 273(2) of the Penal code and were}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{ \cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 sentenced to death. Their appeal to the Court of Appeal was dismissed}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 on 26th April 2001. They appealed to this court. \par }\pard \s20\ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9990889 {\fs20\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 \par }\pard \s20\ql \li0\ri0\sb192\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9990889 {\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 The facts of the case were as follows: - \par }\pard \s20\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9990889 {\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 On 8}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\super\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 th}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 May, 1996 at about 3:00 am while the complainant, Hussein}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 Sebbi (PW6), was sleeping together with members of his family at his}{ \cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 home in Nzara Fort Portal Municipality, a group of robbers forced the}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{ \cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 rear door open and entered the house. The robbers had a panga and}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 torches. They demanded money from him. One of the robbers placed a}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 panga on the throat of Hussein Sebbi (PW6) and threatened to cut him if}{ \cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 he did not produce money. The robbers collected a number of household}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{ \cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 properties which included a brief case, a suit case, clothes such as one}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 brown suit, a white and black Kaunda suit, one black pair of shoes and}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 cash Shs. 300,000/= from his room. From another room the robbers}{ \cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 took a small brief case labelled "President" and a hand bag containing}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{ \cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 ladies clothes. One of the young girls in the house called Fatuma Ismail}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 (PW8) recognised the second appellant by voice. The rest of the robbers}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 were not recognised. \par }{\fs20\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 \par }\pard \s20\qj \li0\ri0\sb173\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9990889 {\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 On 17/6/96 when the complainant was driving in Fort Portal town he}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 sighted the first appellant wearing his Kaunda suit which had been}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 stolen on 6/5/96. He stopped and greeted him. The first appellant was}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 scared and then started running away. The complainant raised an alarm}{ \cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 and many people answered the alarm, chased him and arrested him. He}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{ \cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 was handed over to police. The police interrogated the l}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\super\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 st}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 appellant and}{ \cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 as a result of the interrogations, the police recovered some property from}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{ \cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 appellant's home at Rugombe Fort Portal - Kampala road. \par }\pard \s20\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9990889 {\fs20\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 \par }\pard \s20\qj \li0\ri0\sb182\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9990889 {\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 At the trial the first appellant made an unsworn statement denying}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 participation in the robbery. He stated that on 9/5/96 his mother sent}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 him to Fort Portal to buy drugs for her. He met one Nyakojo Rogers who}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 borrowed Shs. 4,000/= from him and handed some clothes to him as}{ \cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 security. However, on 17/4/97 while the l}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\super\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 st}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 appellant was wearing a}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 shirt which was one of the clothes Rogers Nyakojo had given to him as}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{ \cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 security for the loan of Shs. 4,000/=, PW6 met him and caused his}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 arrest. After the 1}{ \cs37\fs26\cf1\super\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 st}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 appellant was arrested and handed over to police}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 CPL Okello, PW7, stated that he decided to search 1}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\super\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 st}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 appellant's home}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{ \cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 from where he recovered more property stolen during the robbery at}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 PW6's home. The evidence con necting the 2nd appellant with robbery}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 was that during the night of the robbery Fatuma, an 11 years old girl}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{ \cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 (PW8) identified him by his voice which she knew before the robbery. \par \sect }\sectd \marglsxn1985\margrsxn1260\sbknone\linex0\colsx60\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj \pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\sb1366\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9990889 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 { \fs20\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 \par }\pard\plain \s20\qj \li0\ri0\sb67\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9990889 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 However, immediately after the robbery, the 2nd appellant disappeared}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 from the area. When he re-appeared in the area in April 1997, he was}{ \cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 arrested and charged for the robbery together with the 1}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\super\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 st}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 appellant. At}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 the trial he denied involvement in the robbery. \par }\pard \s20\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9990889 {\fs20\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 \par }\pard \s20\qj \li0\ri0\sb182\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9990889 {\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 The learned trial Judge accepted the prosecution evidence and rejected}{ \cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 the defence of both appellants and convicted them. Their appeal to the}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{ \cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 Court of Appeal was dismissed hence this appeal. \par }\pard \s20\ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9990889 {\fs20\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 \par \par }\pard \s20\ql \li0\ri0\sb29\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9990889 {\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 The appeal to this court is based on four grounds; namely, \par {\pntext\pard\plain\s28 \cs37\cf1\dbch\af34\charrsid9990889 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 (1)\tab}}\pard\plain \s28\qj \li0\ri0\sb10\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx0\tx706{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls1\pnrnot0\pndec\pnb0\pni0 \pnfs24\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120 {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\faauto\ls1\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9990889 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs37\fs26\cf1\dbch\af34\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 The learned Justices of Appeal erred in law on r\hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 elying on the}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\dbch\af34\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\dbch\af34\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 uncorroborated evidence of a child of tender years, who was a}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\dbch\af34\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\dbch\af34\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 single identifying witness, in upholding the conviction and}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\dbch\af34\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\dbch\af34\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 sentence against the 2nd appellant.}{\cs41\b\cf1\dbch\af34\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 \par {\pntext\pard\plain\s28 \cs37\fs26\cf1\charrsid9990889 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (2)\tab}}\pard \s28\qj \fi-706\li706\ri0\sb422\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx706{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls2\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent706 {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}} \faauto\ls2\rin0\lin706\itap0\pararsid9990889 {\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 The learned Justices of Appeal erred in fact and law by upholding}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 that the doctrine of recent possession applied to the 1}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\super\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 st}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 appellant. \par {\pntext\pard\plain\s28 \cs37\fs26\cf1\charrsid9990889 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (3)\tab}}\pard \s28\qj \fi-706\li706\ri0\sb418\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx706{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls2\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent706 {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}} \faauto\ls2\rin0\lin706\itap0\pararsid9990889 {\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 The learned Justices of Appeal erred in fact and law by relying on}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{ \cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 the circumstantial evidence that was improbable and insufficient}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 in upholding the conviction and sentence against the two}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 appellants. \par {\pntext\pard\plain\s28 \cs37\cf1\charrsid9990889 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (4)\tab}}\pard \s28\qj \li0\ri0\sb398\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx0\tx706{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls3\pnrnot0\pndec\pnb0\pni0\pnfs24\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120 {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\faauto\ls3\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9990889 {\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 The learned Justices of Appeal erred in fact and law when they}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{ \cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 rejected the defence presented for the two appellants.}{\cs34\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 \par }\pard\plain \s20\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9990889 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs20\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 \par }\pard \s20\qj \li0\ri0\sb178\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9990889 {\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 Mrs. Eva Luswata Kawuma argued grounds one and four together}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{ \cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 concerning the second appellant and then grounds 2, 3 and 4 for the 1}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\super\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 st}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\super\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{ \cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 appellant Mr. Michael Wamasebu, Assistant Director of Public}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 Prosecutions opposed the appeal. \par }\pard \s20\qj \li0\ri0\sb67\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9990889 {\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 Mrs. Eva Luswata Kawuma started with the second appellant whose}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{ \cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 defence was an outright denial of the charge and had set an alibi that he}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 never went to Njara village on 8/5/96 where the robbery took place. The}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 thrust of counsel's argument was that it was wrong for the trial Judge to}{ \cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 rely on the evidence of identification by a single identifying witness}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{ \cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 Fatuma (PW8) who was a young girl aged 11 years without corroboration.}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 She contended that sudden disappearance by the second appellant from}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 the area was not corroboration. \par }\pard \s20\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9990889 {\fs20\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 \par }\pard \s20\qj \li0\ri0\sb178\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9990889 {\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 In our view, the Court of Appeal rightly accepted the finding of the trial}{ \cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 Judge to the effect that PW8 had known the 2nd appellant for 3 years;}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{ \cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 and that the 2nd appellant used to go to her grandfather's shop at Njara}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 trading centre at least three times a month where she would hear him}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 talk. The Court of Appeal re-evaluated the evidence of Fatuma (PW8)}{ \cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 before upholding the finding of the trial judge. This is how the court re-}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{ \cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 evaluated the evidence before rejecting the appeal. \par }\pard\plain \s23\qj \li1061\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin1061\itap0\pararsid9990889 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs20\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 \par }\pard \s23\qj \li1061\ri0\sb163\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin1061\itap0\pararsid9990889 {\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 "We think, that the instances narrated by PW8 were}{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{ \cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 sufficient to enable her to identify the voice of the}{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 2nd appellant. She even told the police that she}{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 did recognise the voice of the 2nd appellant during}{ \cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 the robbery. That led the police to look for him.}{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{ \cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 We do not, however, agree with the learned counsel}{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 that the evidence of PW8 required corroboration as }{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 a matter of law. At the time of the incident she}{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{ \cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 was 11 years, but she was 14 years at the time of}{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 trial. She was therefore not a child of tender years}{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 since the issue as to whether a child is of tender}{ \cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 years arises only at the time of trial and not when}{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{ \cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 the offence was committed. See }{\cs35\b\i\fs22\ul\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 John Muchami}{\cs35\b\i\fs22\ul\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{ \cs35\b\i\fs22\ul\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 alias Kalule vs. Uganda Cr. Appeal No. 3 }{\cs35\b\i\fs22\ul\expnd10\expndtw50\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 of}{\cs35\b\i\fs22\ul\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 1993}{ \cs35\b\i\fs22\ul\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs35\b\i\fs22\ul\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 (SC)}{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 unreported. \par }\pard \s23\qj \li1027\ri1013\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin1013\lin1027\itap0\pararsid9990889 {\fs20\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 \par }\pard \s23\qj \li1027\ri1013\sb173\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin1013\lin1027\itap0\pararsid9990889 {\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 We therefore think that the evidence of PW8 alone}{ \cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 was enough to connect the 2nd appellant with the}{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{ \cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 offence. But it so happened that her evidence is, in}{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 actual fact, corroborated by the sudden}{ \cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 disappearance of the 2nd appellant from the}{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 village soon after the robbery. We find no merit in}{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 the appeal of the 2nd appellant." \par }\pard\plain \s20\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9990889 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs20\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 \par }\pard \s20\qj \li0\ri0\sb182\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9990889 {\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 We reiterate what we stated in }{\cs35\b\i\fs22\ul\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 J ohn Muchani alias Kalule v Uganda}{\cs35\b\i\fs22\ul\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs35\b\i\fs22\ul\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 (supra)}{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 that the issue as to whether a child is of tender years arises only}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 at the trial but not when the offence was committed. We may add that}{ \cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 corroboration in such a case is not a requirement by law. However, in}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{ \cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 the instant case there was an unchallenged evidence of PW7 (No. 23577}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 CPL Okello) that after the robbery, Fatuma (PW8) told them that she had}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 identified A2 as one of the robbers from his voice which she knew very-}{ \cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 well. D/CPL Okello testified that after the robbery A2 disappeared from}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{ \cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 the area and that when he (A2) surfaced in the area, police got}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 information and arrested him. We think that the conduct of A2 as}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 described above provided sufficient corroboration to PW8's evidence of}{ \cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 identification. \par }\pard \s20\ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9990889 {\fs20\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 \par \par }\pard \s20\ql \li0\ri0\sb34\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9990889 {\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 In the result, grounds one and four must fail. \par }\pard \s20\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9990889 {\fs20\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 \par }\pard \s20\qj \li0\ri0\sb206\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9990889 {\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 We turn to grounds 2, 3 and 4 which attacked the conviction of the 1}{ \cs37\fs26\cf1\super\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 st}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\super\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 appellant of robbery on the basis of the doctrine of possession of recently}{ \cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 stolen property. Mrs. Eva Luswata Kawuma argued these grounds}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 together and contended that the 1}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\super\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 st}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 appellant explained how he came}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{ \cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 into possession of the property. Mr. Michael Wamasebu for respondent}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 opposed the appeal and urged us to dismiss it. He argued that the 1}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\super\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 st}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\super\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 appellant's explanation as to how he came into possession of stolen}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 property was not credible. \par }\pard \s20\qj \li0\ri0\sb14\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9990889 {\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 The Court of Appeal reviewed the entire evidence and arguments of}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{ \cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 counsel from both sides. The Court then upheld the conclusions of the}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 trial judge to the effect that the 1}{ \cs37\fs26\cf1\super\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 st}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 appellant's possession of Kaunda shirt}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 and other properties belonging to }{\cs34\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 PW6 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 soon after the robbery, without}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{ \cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 any reasonable explanation and that the possession was incompatible}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 with his innocence. It concluded that the learned trial judge was right to}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 convict the 1}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\super\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 st}{ \cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 appellant of robbery on the doctrine of recent possession}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 of stolen property. \par }\pard\plain \s23\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9990889 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs20\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 \par }\pard \s23\qj \li0\ri0\sb158\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9990889 {\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 We reiterate what we stated in }{\cs35\b\i\fs22\ul\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 Magidu Mudasi v Uganda Cr. Appeal}{\cs35\b\i\fs22\ul\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs35\b\i\fs22\ul\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 No. 3 }{\cs35\b\i\fs22\ul\expnd10\expndtw50\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 of}{ \cs35\b\i\fs22\ul\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 1998 (SC) (unreported)}{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 that:- \par }\pard \s23\qj \li1008\ri1008\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin1008\lin1008\itap0\pararsid9990889 {\fs20\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 \par }\pard \s23\qj \li1008\ri1008\sb173\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin1008\lin1008\itap0\pararsid9990889 {\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 "It is now well established that a court may}{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{ \cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 presume that a man in possession of stolen goods}{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 soon after the theft is either the thief or has}{ \cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 received the goods knowing them to have been}{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 stolen unless he can account for his possession.}{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 This is an inference of fact which may be drawn as}{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 a matter of common sense from other facts}{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 including the particulars of the fact that the}{ \cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 accused has in his possession property which it is}{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{ \cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 proved had been unlawfully obtained shortly before}{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 he was found in possession. It is merely an}{ \cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 application of the ordinary rule relating to}{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 circumstantial evidence that the inculpatory facts}{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 against the accused person must be incompatible}{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 with innocence and incapable of explanation upon}{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 any other reasonable hypothesis than that of guilt. \par }\pard \s23\qj \li0\ri0\sb67\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9990889 {\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 We repeated the same principle in the case of }{\cs35\b\i\fs22\ul\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 Bogere Moses}{ \cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 & }{\cs35\b\i\fs22\ul\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 Anor v}{\cs35\b\i\fs22\ul\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs35\b\i\fs22\ul\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 Uganda Cr. Appeal No. 1 }{ \cs35\b\i\fs22\ul\expnd10\expndtw50\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 of}{\cs35\b\i\fs22\ul\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 1997 (SC) (unreported)}{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 where we stated}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 that:- \par }\pard \s23\qj \li998\ri979\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin979\lin998\itap0\pararsid9990889 {\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 "It ought to be realised that where evidence of}{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{ \cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 recent possession of stolen property is proved}{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 beyond reasonable doubt, it raises a very strong}{ \cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 presumption of participation in the stealing so that}{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{ \cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 if there is no innocent explanation of possession,}{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 the evidence is even stronger and more dependable} {\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 than the eye witnesses evidence of identification in}{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{ \cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 a nocturnal event. This is especially so because}{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 invariably the former is independently verifiable}{ \cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 while the later solely depends on the credibility of}{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{ \cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 the eye witness." \par }\pard\plain \s20\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9990889 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs20\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 \par }\pard \s20\qj \li0\ri0\sb163\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9990889 {\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 In this case the trial court considered whether the 1}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\super\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 st}{ \cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 appellant was a}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 thief and not a receiver and concluded that:- \par }\pard\plain \s23\qj \li1013\ri1018\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin1018\lin1013\itap0\pararsid9990889 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs20\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 \par }\pard \s23\qj \li1013\ri1018\sb163\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tldot\tx7330\faauto\rin1018\lin1013\itap0\pararsid9990889 {\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 "These were personal effects which could not}{ \cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 readily pass from hand to hand and could not have}{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{ \cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 done so over night, any way. The accused said he}{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 used to sell shoes and at times do masonry work.}{ \cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 He was not trading in second hand items and was}{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 not even selling them at the time of the arrest. He}{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 had decided to wear them as his own. Before}{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{ \cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 inferring the guilt of an accused person from}{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 circumstantial evidence, the law enjoins me to}{ \cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 ensure that there are no other co-existing}{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 circumstances which would weaken or destroy the}{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 inference. I have seen none in this case\tab " \par }\pard\plain \s20\qj \li0\ri0\sb67\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9990889 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 The learned trial judge then further reviewed the evidence against A1}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 before convicting him. \par }\pard \s20\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9990889 {\fs20\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 \par }\pard \s20\qj \li0\ri0\sb178\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9990889 {\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 We agree with the Court of Appeal that the 1}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\super\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 st}{ \cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 appellant's explanation}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 was not consistent. At first he stated that he had bought Kaunda shirt}{ \cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 from Kyomuhendo who in fact denied having sold it to him. In court the}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{ \cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 first appellant changed his story and stated that the Kaunda shirt was}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 part of the properties one Rogers Nyakojo gave to him as security for a}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 loan of Shs. 4000/= he (1}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\super\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 st}{ \cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 appellant) lent to him on 9/5/96. However,}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 PW9, the mother of the 1}{ \cs37\fs26\cf1\super\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 st}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 appellant testified that on 9/5/96 when she}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 sent the 1}{ \cs37\fs26\cf1\super\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 st}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 appellant to buy drugs for her, he returned with a bag}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 containing properties and gave it to his wife and that the shirt he was}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 found wearing on 17/6/96 was among the properties that were in the}{ \cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 bag. The court of Appeal concluded that:- \par }\pard\plain \s23\qj \li1032\ri1003\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin1003\lin1032\itap0\pararsid9990889 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs20\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 \par }\pard \s23\qj \li1032\ri1003\sb173\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin1003\lin1032\itap0\pararsid9990889 {\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 "The first appellant was therefore found in}{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{ \cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 possession of some of the stolen property within 24}{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 hours after they were stolen. He gave}{ \cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 contradictory explanation as to how they came into}{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{ \cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 his possession. That raises a very strong}{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 presumption of participation in the stealing. The}{ \cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 trial judge was therefore right to rely on the}{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 doctrine of recent possession of stolen property to}{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs35\b\i\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 convict the 1st appellant." \par }\pard\plain \s20\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9990889 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs20\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 \par }\pard \s20\qj \li0\ri0\sb178\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9990889 {\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 We have not been persuaded that either the trial judge or the Justices of}{ \cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 Appeal erred in law or in fact in their conclusions. In the result, grounds}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{ \cs32\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 2,3}{\cs32\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 and }{\cs32\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 4}{ \cs32\fs22\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 must fail. \par }\pard \s20\ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9990889 {\fs20\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 \par \par }\pard \s20\ql \li0\ri0\sb34\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9990889 {\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 Therefore this appeal has no merit. It is accordingly dismissed. \par }\pard\plain \s27\ql \li0\ri0\sb77\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9990889 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889 \par }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 Dated at Mengo this 19}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\super\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 th}{\cs40\b\i\fs30\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 day of December 2002.}{ \cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889 \par \par }\pard \s27\qc \li0\ri0\sb77\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9990889 {\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 A. H. O ODER, \par }\pard \s27\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9990889 {\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 JUSTICE OF THE SUPREME COURT \par }\pard\plain \s19\qc \li0\ri0\sb120\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9990889 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889 \par }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 J. W. TSEKOOKO,}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889 \par }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 JUSTICE OF THE SUPREME COURT \par }\pard\plain \s27\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9990889 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs20\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 \par }\pard \s27\qc \li0\ri0\sb82\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9990889 {\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 A. N. KAROKORA, \par }\pard \s27\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9990889 {\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 JUSTICE OF THE SUPREME COURT}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889 \par \par }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 J. N. MULENGA, \par JUSTICE OF THE SUPREME COURT \par }\pard\plain \s22\qc \li528\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin528\itap0\pararsid9990889 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs20\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 \par }\pard\plain \s29\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9990889 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 G. W. KANYEIHAMBA,}{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889 \par }{\cs37\fs26\cf1\insrsid9990889\charrsid9990889 JUSTICE OF THE SUPREME COURT. \par }}