Dr.John Mudusu v Uganda (Criminal Appeal No.67 of 1999) [1999] UGCA 24 (16 December 1999)

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\mdispDef1\mlMargin0\mrMargin0\mdefJc1\mwrapIndent1440\mintLim0\mnaryLim1}{\info{\title / }{\author Administrator}{\operator skivumbi}{\creatim\yr2010\mo2\dy1\hr16\min54}{\revtim\yr2010\mo2\dy10\hr11\min13}{\version6}{\edmins25}{\nofpages7}{\nofwords2126} {\nofchars10809}{\nofcharsws12910}{\vern32859}}{\*\xmlnstbl {\xmlns1 http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2003/wordml}}\paperw12240\paperh15840\margl1440\margr1440\margt1440\margb1440\gutter0\ltrsect \widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\trackmoves1\trackformatting1\donotembedsysfont0\relyonvml0\donotembedlingdata1\grfdocevents0\validatexml0\showplaceholdtext0\ignoremixedcontent0\saveinvalidxml0\showxmlerrors0\noxlattoyen \expshrtn\noultrlspc\dntblnsbdb\nospaceforul\formshade\horzdoc\dgmargin\dghspace180\dgvspace180\dghorigin1440\dgvorigin1440\dghshow1\dgvshow1 \jexpand\viewkind1\viewscale100\pgbrdrhead\pgbrdrfoot\splytwnine\ftnlytwnine\htmautsp\nolnhtadjtbl\useltbaln\alntblind\lytcalctblwd\lyttblrtgr\lnbrkrule\nobrkwrptbl\snaptogridincell\allowfieldendsel\wrppunct \asianbrkrule\rsidroot5837786\newtblstyruls\nogrowautofit \fet0{\*\wgrffmtfilter 2450}\ilfomacatclnup0\ltrpar \sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid11751383\sftnbj {\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (} {\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9 \pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid15822268 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA \line IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF UGANDA \line HOLDEN AT KAMPALA \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid15822268 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \fi-1440\li1440\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid15822268 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 CORAM}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15822268 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 HON. MR. JUSTICE G. M. OKELLO, JA.; \line HON. MR JUSTICE S. G. ENGWAU, JA.; \line HON. MR JUSTICE A. TWINOMUJUNI, JA. \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid15822268 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid15822268 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 CRIMINAL APPEAL NO.67 OF 199}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid15822268\charrsid15822268 9 \line BETWEEN \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15822268\charrsid15822268 DR. JOHN MUDUSU }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 :::::::::::}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15822268\charrsid15822268 :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::APPELLANT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 AND}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15822268\charrsid15822268 \par UGANDA :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15822268\charrsid15822268 RESPONDENT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid15822268\charrsid15822268 Appeal from}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 the deci}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid15822268 sion of the High Court (Kania . J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 .) \line sitting at Mbale on 28/5/}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid15822268 99 in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 Criminal Appeal \line No. 56 of 1998). \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid15822268\charrsid15822268

\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid15822268 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 JUDGMENT OF THE COURT } {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15822268 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 This}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 is a second appeal. The appellant was charged before the Chief Magistrate\rquote s Court of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15822268 Tororo on three counts namely: \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid15822268 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 Abuse of Office contrary t} {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15822268 o Section 83 of the Penal Code }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 Act, embezzlement contrary to section }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 257}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15822268 of the Penal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 Code Act and uttering a fals}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15822268 e document contrary to section 330 of the Penal Code Act. \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid15822268 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 He was acquitted of the charges on counts 2 and 3 but was convicted of the offence of Abuse of Office and sentenced to pay a fine of 3 million shillings or to one year }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15822268\charrsid15822268 imprisonment}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 in default. His appeal to the High Court against the conviction and sentence was dismissed. He now appeals against that dismissal. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15822268 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 The facts which gave rise to this appeal are brief}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15822268 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 The appellant was employed by Government as}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15822268 a District Medical Officer (DMO) for Tororo District. Busol}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 we Hospital in Tororo District was undergoing renovation. A Management Committee was set up as an administrative arrangement to oversee the renovation. On }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 14/2/95}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 the committee held a meeting under the chairmanship of the appellant. The meeting resolved as follows: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15822268 \par (1) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 that the contractor renovating the Hosp}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15822268 ital be paid immediately Shs. 19m/= to enable him to continue with the work, \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 (2) that in future, payments would only be effected after an interim certificate of work had been issued duly signed by the Supervisor of Works a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7957988 nd the Medical Superintendent. \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid7957988 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 On 20/2/95, the appellant without recourse to the committee endorsed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7957988 alteration on the voucher for 19m/}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 = to be paid to the contractor}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7957988 (Gay Way Services) to read 36m/}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 =. He did this against an interim certificate whic h was duly endorsed. He later routed the voucher through the usual procedure for approval and eventual payment. The prosecution alleged that the alteration was arbitrary, for the purpose of personal gain to the appellant and prejudicial to his employer \rquote s i nterest. The appellant was subsequently arrested and charged. At the trial, he admitted that he made the alteration which he endorsed but denied that that act was arbitrary; for his personal gain or that it was prejudicial to the interest of his employer. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7957988 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 In his view, the act was normal, within the scope of the power of his office and for the ben efit of his employer. The trial Magistrate rejected that defence and convicted him as already stated. The High Court confirmed that rejecti}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7957988 on thus prompting this appeal. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 When the appeal was called for hearing, counsel for the respondent did not appear eve n though there was evidence of due service of Hearing Notice on them. As there was no explanation for their absence, we ordered the hearing of the appeal to proceed in the respondent\rquote s absence under rule 72 (9) of the Court of Appeal Rules Directions 1996. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7957988 (Legal Notice No. 11 of 1996). \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 There are four grounds of appeal namely: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7957988 \par (1) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 That the learned appellate judge erred in law to hold that it was unnecessary to obtain written consent of the Director of Public Prosecutio}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7957988 n on the amended charge sheet. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 (2) That the learned appellate judge erred in law in holding that the essent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7957988 ial ingredients of the offence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 had been p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7957988 roved beyond reasonable doubt. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 (3) That the learned appellate judge erred in law in basing his decision on ev}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7957988 idence which was inadmissible. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 (4) The learned appellate judge erred in law in failing to consider a ground which was argued before him. \par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid15822268 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 { \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 The appellant\rquote s complaint in ground 1 was that failure of the prosecution to obtain the Director of Public Prosecution\rquote s (D. P. P\rquote s) written consent to support the amended charge sheet was a flaw which rendered the proceedings a nullity. Mr. Ak amparira, learned counsel for the appellant, argued that once the original charge sheet which requires prior written consent of the D. P. P. before the prosecution commences is amended, the original charge sheet ceases to have effect and all the proceedings can }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10427602\charrsid15822268 only}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 be based on the amended charge sheet. Therefore, the necessary consent has to be obtained before proceedings can validly proceed on the amended charge sheet. He cited and relied on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\ul\insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 Uganda Vs Ndondo & }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\ul\insrsid5837786\charrsid10427602 ors }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\ul\insrsid10427602\charrsid10427602 [1985]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\ul\insrsid5837786\charrsid10427602 HCB}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\ul\insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 3 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 (High Court decision) and on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\ul\insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 Abdulla Suleima}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\ul\insrsid10427602 n El Hearth and Ors Vs R. [1955] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\ul\insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 22 EACA 404. }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid10427602 \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\ul\insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 Abdulla }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\ul\insrsid5837786\charrsid10427602 Suleiman}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\ul\insrsid10427602\charrsid10427602 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\ul\insrsid5837786\charrsid10427602 s case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\ul\insrsid10427602 (supra)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\ul\insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10427602 he defunct Court of Appeal for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 Eastern Africa referred to section 230 of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10427602 the Indian Criminal Procedure }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 Code which neither the Zanzibar Criminal Procedure De}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10427602 cree nor our own }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 Magistrates Court Act or Criminal Proc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10427602 edure Code has a corresponding section and said:- \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid10427602 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 \'93 Nevertheless, it is clear that the Court in Zanzibar could not proceed with an amended or additional charge for which previous sanction was necessary if based on new facts, until s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10427602 uch sanction was forthcoming.\'94 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid15822268 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10427602 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid9646127 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 Clearly, even the courts in this country could not proceed with an amended or additional charge for which prior sanction was necessary if based on new facts, until such sanction was forthcomi ng. In the instant case, the situation is different. The necessary sanction was obtained in respect of the original charges. The amended charges were not based on new facts. They were based on the same facts. The amendment merely consisted in dropping an alternative charge leaving the main charges intact. In those circumstances we are of the view that fresh consent was not necessary. The holding of the appellate judge in the court below was therefore justified. A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9646127 ccordingly, this ground fails. \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 The appellant\rquote s complaint in ground 2 is that there was no evidence to prove beyond reasonable doubt ingredient\rquote s Nos. 2, 3 and 4 of the offence of Abuse of Office. These ingredients are:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9646127 \par (2) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 - that the appellant\rquote s ac}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9646127 t complained of was arbitrary, \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 (3) - that the act was prejudicial to his}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9646127 employer or other person and; \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 (4)- that the act was in abuse o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9646127 f the authority of his office. \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 The appellant\rquote s act complained of was his endorsement of the alteration of a figu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9646127 re on voucher from l9m/= to 36m/}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 = for payment to the Contractor (Gay Way Services) for renovation work done to the Busolwe Hospital. It was argued for the appellant that appellant\rquote s failure to seek approval of the Management Committee did not make his act arbitrary or an abuse of office and was not prejudicial to the interest of his employer. In his view, the consent of the Management Commi ttee was not an essential part of the laid down procedure as the committee was Ad-hoc a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9646127 nd its role was only advisory. \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 The respondent\rquote s contention in the court below was that the alteration of the figure by the app}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9646127 ellant without recourse to Busol}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 we Hospital Management Committee for approval was arbitrary, prejudicial to the interest of the appellant\rquote s employer as it deprived it of money which should have financed other services and that the act was an abuse of the authority of the appellant\rquote s office as he act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9646127 ed without a reasonable cause. \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 The appellate judge in the court below dealt with the matter in this way:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9646127 - \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid9646127 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9646127\charrsid15822268 In}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 discussing the second ingr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9646127 edient of the offence, I found }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 as a fact as indeed the learned Chief Magistrate found, that there was an established system}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9646127 under which payments from Busol}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 we Hospital account were authorised. It was also found that the appellant in contravention of the laid down procedure and without taking into account the other needs of the Hospital ordered arbitrarily the payment of Shs. 36 million. A public officer is accountable for his act to the public. He is not expecte d to act arbitrarily, capriciously and without reasonable cause. Having acted so}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9646127 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 he grossly abused the authority of his office. All in all the prosecution proved all the essential ingredients of the offence of abuse of office C/S 183 (1) of the Penal Code A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9646127 ct (sic).\'94 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid9646127 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9646127 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 With respect to the appellate judge in the court below, we find no evidence to support the above findings. In the first place, there is no evidence that failure to seek approval of the Management Committee for the alteration rendered that alter ation arbitrary. On the contrary, there is evidence which shows that the role of the Management Committee was only advisory: Masinde Esau (PW2) the vice-Chairman of the said Management Committee replied in cross-examination that \'93 the role of the Committee was management and advisory.\'94 Patrick Okwerede (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid9646127 PW5) the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 Chief Administrative Officer Toro ro District, stated in his evidence that: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9646127 - \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid9646127 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 \'93. . . at the stage of commencement, the Managem} {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9646127 ent Committee was not part of th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 e contract. The role of the Management Committee in the renovation of the Hospital was purely supervisory. To see the way the renov}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9646127 ation was going.\'94 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid9646127 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9646127 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 Secondly, there is ample evidence which tends to show that the kingpin in a building contract payment like the instant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9646127\charrsid15822268 one}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 is the interim certif}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9646127 icate. The evidence of Dr. Mweru}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 (PW1) Medical O}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9646127 fficer who was attached to Busol}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 we Hospital, shows that at the meeting of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid9646127 14/2/95}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 which he attended, it was resolved that in future all payments must }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid4878463 be made only}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 against an interim certificate duly endorsed by the Supervisor of Works and the District Medical Officer. This fact was also alluded to b y Odongo Richard (PW4) the Supervisor of Works. Patrick Okwerede emphatically testified that he would not authorise payment without the interim certificate showing the value of the work already done. From the above, it is clear that failure to seek approv al of the Management Committee could not render the act of the appellant arbitrary if he acted on a duly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9646127 endorsed interim certificate. \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 In the instant case, it is not in dispute that the alteration was made in response to an interim certificate that was dul}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9646127 y endorsed. \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid4878463 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 Thirdly, there is evidence that the appellant followed the normal procedure for requisitioning for the money to effect such payment; Patrick Okwerede explained that the req}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4878463 uisition was to be made by the }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 Medical Superintendent of the Hospital under renovation on a voucher. Dr. Mweru stated that in the instant case, the i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4878463 nitial requisition for the 1 9m/}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 = was made by him as the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4878463 Medical Superintendent of Busol}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 we Hospital. According to Patrick Okwerede, the voucher would then be sent to the Chief Administrative Officer (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4878463 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 AO) with a requisitioning chit for approval. Once approved, the CAO would pass it to the Treasurer who in turn would instruct a cashier to prepare a cheque. Thereafter, the cheque with the voucher would be passed to the internal auditor for verification. Once satisfied that all was proper, the internal auditor would direc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4878463 t that the cheque be paid out. \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 There is no dispute that the appellant altered the figure on the voucher in his capacity as the acting Medical Superintendent of B}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4878463 usol}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 we Hospital. In that capacity he had power to requisition for the money. In other }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4878463 words he crossed the figure l9m/= and requisitioned for 36m/}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 = and routed the voucher through the procedure explained above. Dr. Mweru and Patrick Okwerede both agreed tha t no fault was found with the procedure adopted by the appellant as the internal auditor would have detected it. Patrick Okwerede further testified that the amount altered was to correspond to the figure in the interim certificate duly endorsed. In his vi ew, no loss was caused to the Hospital or the District by that payment as the amount paid was even less than the figure shown in the interim certificate. That evidence was supported by t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4878463 he evidence of Odongo Richard. \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 In our view, if the appellant had the p ower to requisition for the money for payment against an interim certificate without prior approval of the management committee as shown above, we think that he must also have the power to alter the figure he is requisit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4878463 ioning where necessary without }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 recourse to the Management Committee for approval. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid4878463 There }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid4878463 is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 no regulation shown to make approval of the Management Committee a prior condition before an amount is requisitioned or altered by the Medical Superintendent We find on the evidence available that the appellant\rquote s act was not arbitrary as he did not only act within the scope of the power of his office but also in accordance with the accepted payment procedure and; was not prejudicial to the interest of his employer. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4878463

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 Ground 2 therefore succeeds. In the premises this is enough to dispose }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4878463\charrsid15822268 of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4878463 f}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 the appeal. \line The appeal is allowed, conviction is quashed and the sentence is set aside. If the fine imposed was paid by the appe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4878463 llant, it must be refunded. \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 Dated at Kampala this }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4878463 17}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid4878463\charrsid4878463 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4878463 } {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 day of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4878463 December 1999}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4878463 \par \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid4878463 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 G. M. OKELLO \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 JUSTICE OF APPEAL \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4878463 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 S. G. ENGWAU, \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 JUSTICE OF APPEAL }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4878463 \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4878463\charrsid4878463 A. TWINOMUJUNI \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4878463\charrsid15822268 JUSTICE OF APPEAL \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4878463 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid4878463 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15822268 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786\charrsid15822268 \par }{\*\themedata 504b030414000600080000002100828abc13fa0000001c020000130000005b436f6e74656e745f54797065735d2e786d6cac91cb6ac3301045f785fe83d0b6d8 72ba28a5d8cea249777d2cd20f18e4b12d6a8f843409c9df77ecb850ba082d74231062ce997b55ae8fe3a00e1893f354e9555e6885647de3a8abf4fbee29bbd7 2a3150038327acf409935ed7d757e5ee14302999a654e99e393c18936c8f23a4dc072479697d1c81e51a3b13c07e4087e6b628ee8cf5c4489cf1c4d075f92a0b 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