Edward Kabugo Sentongo v Bank of Baroda (U) Ltd (HCT-00-CC-CS 166 of 2002) [2009] UGCommC 41 (15 June 2009)

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.}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}} {\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8 \pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7356924 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\insrsid15933544\charrsid7356924 THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA \par \par \par IN THE HIGH COURT OF UGANDA AT KAMPALA \par COMMERCIAL COURT DIVISION \par \par \par HCT-00-CC-}{\fs24\insrsid2253446\charrsid7356924 CS}{\fs24\insrsid15933544\charrsid7356924 -01}{\fs24\insrsid7698418\charrsid7356924 66-}{\fs24\insrsid15933544\charrsid7356924 200}{\fs24\insrsid7698418\charrsid7356924 2}{ \fs24\insrsid15933544\charrsid7356924 \par \par \par }\pard\plain \s15\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7356924 \fs28\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\insrsid10383726\charrsid7356924 EDWARD KABUGO SENTONGO \'85\'85\'85 \'85 \'85\'85.\'85\'85.. }{\fs24\insrsid2253446\charrsid7356924 PLAAINTIFF }{\fs24\insrsid10383726\charrsid7356924 }{\fs24\insrsid15933544\charrsid7356924 \par }\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7356924 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\insrsid15933544\charrsid7356924 \par }{\b\fs24\insrsid10383726\charrsid7356924 VERSUS}{\b\fs24\insrsid15933544\charrsid7356924 \par }{\fs24\insrsid15933544\charrsid7356924 \par }{\fs24\insrsid10383726\charrsid7356924 BANK OF BARODA (U) LTD. \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85}{\fs24\insrsid2253446\charrsid7356924 \'85.}{\fs24\insrsid10383726\charrsid7356924 .\'85 }{\fs24\insrsid2253446\charrsid7356924 DEFENDANT}{ \fs24\insrsid15933544\charrsid7356924 \par \par \par BEFORE: HON }{\fs24\insrsid7698418\charrsid7356924 MR. }{\fs24\insrsid15933544\charrsid7356924 JUSTICE LAMECK N. MUKASA \par \par \par }{\b\fs24\insrsid15933544\charrsid7356924 RULING}{\fs24\insrsid15933544\charrsid7356924 : \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7356924 {\fs24\insrsid2515371\charrsid7356924 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7356924 {\fs24\insrsid14055039\charrsid7356924 This is an old case filed on 11}{\fs24\super\insrsid14055039\charrsid7356924 th}{ \fs24\insrsid14055039\charrsid7356924 April 2002 whereby}{\fs24\insrsid7698418\charrsid7356924 ,}{\fs24\insrsid14055039\charrsid7356924 as per amended }{\fs24\insrsid14437917\charrsid7356924 plaint}{\fs24\insrsid7698418\charrsid7356924 filed }{ \fs24\insrsid14437917\charrsid7356924 on}{\fs24\insrsid14055039\charrsid7356924 the 16}{\fs24\super\insrsid14055039\charrsid7356924 th}{\fs24\insrsid14055039\charrsid7356924 August 2007}{\fs24\insrsid7698418\charrsid7356924 ,}{ \fs24\insrsid14055039\charrsid7356924 the plaintiff Edward Kabugo Sentongo claims against the Bank of Baroda, Robert Opi}{\fs24\insrsid9905689\charrsid7356924 o}{\fs24\insrsid14055039\charrsid7356924 and the Registrar of }{ \fs24\insrsid14437917\charrsid7356924 Titles.}{\fs24\insrsid14055039\charrsid7356924 The}{\fs24\insrsid1057579\charrsid7356924 case has had a long history and when it eventually came up for a scheduling conference on the 19}{ \fs24\super\insrsid1057579\charrsid7356924 th}{\fs24\insrsid1057579\charrsid7356924 }{\fs24\insrsid14827226\charrsid7356924 February 2009 Mr. Erison Ka}{\fs24\insrsid7698418\charrsid7356924 r}{\fs24\insrsid14827226\charrsid7356924 u}{ \fs24\insrsid7698418\charrsid7356924 han}{\fs24\insrsid14827226\charrsid7356924 g}{\fs24\insrsid7698418\charrsid7356924 a}{\fs24\insrsid14827226\charrsid7356924 a State Attorney , appearing for Mr. Robert Opio and the Registrar of Titles raised two preliminary objections:-}{\fs24\insrsid2515371\charrsid7356924 \par }{\fs24\insrsid14827226\charrsid7356924 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\insrsid7698418\charrsid7356924 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7356924 { \fs24\insrsid7698418\charrsid7356924 T}{\fs24\insrsid14827226\charrsid7356924 he Registrar of Titles is wrongly sued as a party \par {\listtext\pard\plain\insrsid14827226\charrsid7356924 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}There is no cause of action disclosed against Mr. Opio and the Registrar of Titles. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7356924 {\fs24\insrsid14827226\charrsid7356924 In }{\fs24\insrsid16610867\charrsid7356924 the }{\fs24\insrsid14827226\charrsid7356924 plaint the 2}{ \fs24\super\insrsid14827226\charrsid7356924 nd}{\fs24\insrsid14827226\charrsid7356924 and 3}{\fs24\super\insrsid14827226\charrsid7356924 rd}{\fs24\insrsid14827226\charrsid7356924 Defendants are described as follows:- \par \par }\pard \qj \li1440\ri1440\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1440\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7356924 {\fs24\insrsid14827226\charrsid7356924 \'933. The 2}{\fs24\super\insrsid14827226\charrsid7356924 nd}{ \fs24\insrsid14827226\charrsid7356924 Defendant is a registrar of titles and the officer in charge of Kampala Mailo Office Land Registration Department Ministry of Water, Lands and Environment working under the }{\fs24\insrsid742066\charrsid7356924 c}{ \fs24\insrsid16610867\charrsid7356924 ontrol}{\fs24\insrsid742066\charrsid7356924 of the 3}{\fs24\super\insrsid742066\charrsid7356924 rd}{\fs24\insrsid742066\charrsid7356924 Defendant. At all the material time herein mentioned he was acting in the course of his powers and duties. }{\fs24\insrsid14827226\charrsid7356924 \par }{\fs24\insrsid10895376\charrsid7356924 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\insrsid12809043\charrsid7356924 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 4.\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-360\li1800\ri1440\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin1440\lin1800\itap0\pararsid7356924 { \fs24\insrsid12809043\charrsid7356924 T}{\fs24\insrsid10895376\charrsid7356924 he 3}{\fs24\super\insrsid10895376\charrsid7356924 rd}{\fs24\insrsid10895376\charrsid7356924 Defendant is in charge a}{\fs24\insrsid16610867\charrsid7356924 n}{ \fs24\insrsid10895376\charrsid7356924 d control of the Office }{\fs24\insrsid12809043\charrsid7356924 of }{\fs24\insrsid10895376\charrsid7356924 Titles responsible to exercise all powers and perform all duties conferred or imposed upon the Registra}{ \fs24\insrsid2253446\charrsid7356924 r}{\fs24\insrsid10895376\charrsid7356924 of Titles by the }{\fs24\insrsid11288138\charrsid7356924 Registra}{\fs24\insrsid2253446\charrsid7356924 tion}{\fs24\insrsid10895376\charrsid7356924 of Titles Act\'94 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7356924 {\fs24\insrsid10895376\charrsid7356924 \par Mr. Karuhanga argued that the plaintiff should have proceeded under section 182 of the }{\fs24\insrsid14437917\charrsid7356924 Registration of}{\fs24\insrsid10895376\charrsid7356924 Titles Act and if he had suffered any damage then he should have proceeded against the government under section 185 of the }{\fs24\insrsid14437917\charrsid7356924 Act by}{\fs24\insrsid11288138\charrsid7356924 instituting a suit against the Attorney General.}{\fs24\insrsid10895376\charrsid7356924 \par }{\fs24\insrsid11288138\charrsid7356924 \par Section 182 of the Act provides: \par }\pard \qj \li1440\ri1440\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1440\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7356924 {\fs24\insrsid11288138\charrsid7356924 \'93}{\fs24\insrsid2253446\charrsid7356924 (I}{\fs24\insrsid12809043\charrsid7356924 ) }{ \fs24\insrsid11288138\charrsid7356924 If upon the application of any owner o}{\fs24\insrsid12809043\charrsid7356924 r}{\fs24\insrsid11288138\charrsid7356924 proprietor to have land bought under the operation of this Act, or to have any dealing registered, recorded or to have any certificate of title or other document issued or to have any act or duty done or performed which by this Act }{ \fs24\insrsid6770154\charrsid7356924 is required to be done or performed by the registrar, the registrar refused }{\fs24\insrsid12809043\charrsid7356924 so }{\fs24\insrsid6770154\charrsid7356924 to do , or if the owner or propri}{ \fs24\insrsid12809043\charrsid7356924 etor is dissatisfied with any decis}{\fs24\insrsid6770154\charrsid7356924 ion of the registrar upon his or her application , the owner o}{\fs24\insrsid6309785\charrsid7356924 r}{\fs24\insrsid6770154\charrsid7356924 proprietor may require the registrar to set forth in writing under his or her hand the gro}{\fs24\insrsid6309785\charrsid7356924 unds of his or her refusal or deci}{\fs24\insrsid6770154\charrsid7356924 sion and the owner or proprietor may if he or she thinks fit, at his or her own cost summon the registrar to appear before the High Court to substantiate and upho}{\fs24\insrsid6309785\charrsid7356924 l}{\fs24\insrsid6770154\charrsid7356924 d those grounds. }{\fs24\insrsid11288138\charrsid7356924 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\insrsid6309785\charrsid7356924 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (2)\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-540\li1440\ri1440\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx900\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin1440\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7356924 { \fs24\insrsid6309785\charrsid7356924 T}{\fs24\insrsid6770154\charrsid7356924 he summons under subs}{\fs24\insrsid6309785\charrsid7356924 ection}{\fs24\insrsid6770154\charrsid7356924 (I) shall be served upon the registrar si}{ \fs24\insrsid6309785\charrsid7356924 x}{\fs24\insrsid6770154\charrsid7356924 clear day}{\fs24\insrsid6309785\charrsid7356924 s}{\fs24\insrsid6770154\charrsid7356924 at least before the day appointed for hearing the complaint of the owner o}{ \fs24\insrsid6309785\charrsid7356924 r}{\fs24\insrsid6770154\charrsid7356924 proprietor. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\insrsid6770154\charrsid7356924 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (3)\tab}Upon such hearing the registrar shall have the right of reply and the High Court may if any question of fact is invoked direct }{\fs24\insrsid6309785\charrsid7356924 a }{\fs24\insrsid6770154\charrsid7356924 n issue to be tried to decide the fact, and thereafter the High Court shall ma}{\fs24\insrsid2253446\charrsid7356924 k}{\fs24\insrsid6770154\charrsid7356924 e such order in the premises as the circumstances of the case require and such order as to payment of costs and fees as to it shall seem fit and the registrar shall obey that order.\'94 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7356924 {\fs24\insrsid8814152\charrsid7356924 The second leg of the defendant\rquote s objection is that the Registrar of Titles was wrongly sued as a party. Counsel pointed out that in paragraph 19 of the plaint, th e plaintiff claims that by reason of the matters mentioned in the plaint the plaintiff has suffered loss and damage. The plaintiff prays, inter alia, for damages for the market value of the suit property and other da}{ \fs24\insrsid11151623\charrsid7356924 mages. He relied on Section 185}{\fs24\insrsid8814152\charrsid7356924 of the Act and argued that the plaintiff who was seeking to recover damages should have brought his action against the Government. He submitted that pursuant to the provisions of Article 250 (2) of the Constitution and Section 10 of the Government Proceeding s Act this suit should have been instituted against the Attorney General. Section 185 of the Act provides :}{\fs24\insrsid6770154\charrsid7356924 \par }{\fs24\insrsid8814152\charrsid7356924 \par }\pard \qj \li1440\ri1440\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1440\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7356924 {\fs24\insrsid8814152\charrsid7356924 \'93 (I) any persons who has sustained or hereafter sustained any loss or damage in or by the exercise or supposed exercise by the registrar of any of the powers or duties conferred or imposed on him or her by this Act, and who has not been party or privy to the }{\fs24\insrsid8733100\charrsid7356924 application or dealing in }{\fs24\insrsid8814152\charrsid7356924 connection with which the power was exercised, may not withstanding section}{\fs24\insrsid2253446\charrsid7356924 s}{\fs24\insrsid8814152\charrsid7356924 178 and 183, and without prejudice to the rights, i}{\fs24\insrsid8733100\charrsid7356924 f}{ \fs24\insrsid8814152\charrsid7356924 any of that person under those section}{\fs24\insrsid8733100\charrsid7356924 s}{\fs24\insrsid8814152\charrsid7356924 in the first instance and without any obligation to pursue the remedies provided by those sections, bring an action against the Gov}{\fs24\insrsid14437917\charrsid7356924 ernment for recovery of damages.}{\fs24\insrsid8814152\charrsid7356924 \par }{\fs24\insrsid14437917\charrsid7356924 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\insrsid1182723\charrsid7356924 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (2)\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-465\li1440\ri1440\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx615\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin1440\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7356924 { \fs24\insrsid1182723\charrsid7356924 Where the pe}{\fs24\insrsid8814152\charrsid7356924 rson referred to in subsection (I) has been part}{\fs24\insrsid2253446\charrsid7356924 y}{\fs24\insrsid8814152\charrsid7356924 o}{ \fs24\insrsid8733100\charrsid7356924 r}{\fs24\insrsid8814152\charrsid7356924 privy to the application or dealing referred to in that subsection, he or she shall be at liber}{\fs24\insrsid1182723\charrsid7356924 ty to join the Government as codefendant in any action brought by him or her in respect of such loss or damage against any other person or persons who has or have been party or privy to that application or dealing.\'94}{ \fs24\insrsid8814152\charrsid7356924 \par }\pard \qj \li1440\ri1440\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1440\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7356924 {\fs24\insrsid1182723\charrsid7356924 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7356924 {\fs24\insrsid1182723\charrsid7356924 Section 183 of the Act also authorises any person sustaining loss through any omission, mistake or misfeasance }{\fs24\insrsid16284023\charrsid7356924 o}{\fs24\insrsid8733100\charrsid7356924 f}{\fs24\insrsid16284023\charrsid7356924 the registrar or any other officer or clerk in the execution of their respective duties under the Act or by any error, omission or misdescription in any Certificate of title or any entry or memorial in the Register Book or by the registration of any other person as proprietor}{\fs24\insrsid8733100\charrsid7356924 ,}{\fs24\insrsid16284023\charrsid7356924 who is barred by the Act from bringin g an action for ejec}{\fs24\insrsid8733100\charrsid7356924 t}{\fs24\insrsid16284023\charrsid7356924 ment or other action for the recovery of the land}{\fs24\insrsid8733100\charrsid7356924 ,}{\fs24\insrsid16284023\charrsid7356924 estate or interest, in any case in which the remedy by action for recovery of damages as provided by the Act is}{\fs24\insrsid8733100\charrsid7356924 in applicable, to bring an }{\fs24\insrsid16284023\charrsid7356924 action against the Government for recovery of damages. While section 178 authorises any person deprived of land or of any estate or interest in land in consequence of fraud or through the bringing of the land under the operation of }{ \fs24\insrsid4197605\charrsid7356924 the Act, or by the registration of any other person as proprietor of the land, estate or interest or in consequence of any error or }{\fs24\insrsid8733100\charrsid7356924 misdescription in any registered }{ \fs24\insrsid4197605\charrsid7356924 certificate of title or in any entry or memorial in the Register Book to bring and prosecute an action for recovery of damages from the person upon whose application the land was brought under }{ \fs24\insrsid8733100\charrsid7356924 the }{\fs24\insrsid4197605\charrsid7356924 operation of the Act, or the erroneous registration was made, or who acquired title to the estate or interest through the fraud, error or misdescription. }{ \fs24\insrsid1182723\charrsid7356924 \par }{\fs24\insrsid4197605\charrsid7356924 \par Counsel also cited section 175 of the Act , which provides:- \par }\pard \qj \li1440\ri1440\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1440\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7356924 {\fs24\insrsid4197605\charrsid7356924 \par \'93Neither the registrar nor any person acting under his or her authority shall be liable to any action or proceeding for or in respect of any act or matter bona fide done or omitted to be done in the exercise or supposed exercise of any power or duty g iven or imposed by this Act.\'94 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7356924 {\fs24\insrsid4197605\charrsid7356924 \par He also cited }{\i\fs24\ul\insrsid4197605\charrsid7356924 Charles Harry Twagi}{\i\fs24\ul\insrsid8733100\charrsid7356924 r}{\i\fs24\ul\insrsid4197605\charrsid7356924 a Vs Attorney General, Director of Public Prosecutions and another CACA No 61 of 2}{ \i\fs24\ul\insrsid8733100\charrsid7356924 0}{\i\fs24\ul\insrsid4197605\charrsid7356924 02}{\fs24\insrsid4197605\charrsid7356924 and argued that the Registrar }{\fs24\insrsid12537639\charrsid7356924 o}{\fs24\insrsid8733100\charrsid7356924 f}{ \fs24\insrsid12537639\charrsid7356924 Titles is not a corporate entity and as such cannot be sued. In the above case the Appellant had filed an application against the }{\fs24\insrsid8733100\charrsid7356924 A}{\fs24\insrsid12537639\charrsid7356924 ttorney General, the DPP and Kyomukama Sam (a police officer) challenging his arrest and prosecution. Justice Twinomujuni, JA cited article 250 (2) of the Constitution and stated:-}{\fs24\insrsid4197605\charrsid7356924 \par }{\fs24\insrsid12537639\charrsid7356924 \par }\pard \qj \li1440\ri1440\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1440\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7356924 {\fs24\insrsid12537639\charrsid7356924 \'93--- I hol d the view that --- the appellant should have proceeded only against the Attorney General and the third respondent onl}{\fs24\insrsid4666103\charrsid7356924 y. The Director of Public Prosecutions i}{\fs24\insrsid8733100\charrsid7356924 s}{ \fs24\insrsid4666103\charrsid7356924 a government department but is not a body corporated with powers to sued or be sued.}{\fs24\insrsid12537639\charrsid7356924 \par }{\fs24\insrsid4666103\charrsid7356924 ----}{\fs24\insrsid8733100\charrsid7356924 -------------------}{\fs24\insrsid4666103\charrsid7356924 \par }{\fs24\insrsid8733100\charrsid7356924 ----------------------- \par }{\fs24\insrsid4666103\charrsid7356924 Therefore a Civil Suit against the Direct}{\fs24\insrsid10574772\charrsid7356924 or}{\fs24\insrsid4666103\charrsid7356924 of Public Prosecutions cannot be sustained and it is incompetent. The same equally applies to the case against the 3}{\fs24\super\insrsid4666103\charrsid7356924 rd}{\fs24\insrsid4666103\charrsid7356924 Respondent. He is the Police Officer who was sent to }{\fs24\insrsid10574772\charrsid7356924 Lo}{\fs24\insrsid4666103\charrsid7356924 ndon t}{\fs24\insrsid2898336\charrsid7356924 o}{\fs24\insrsid4666103\charrsid7356924 re-arrest the appellant and escort him to Uganda. He is the one who made the investigations and applications under the law that led to the detention and freezing of the appellant}{\fs24\insrsid10574772\charrsid7356924 \rquote }{ \fs24\insrsid4666103\charrsid7356924 s accounts. He was at all times acting as an employee of the gove rnment. Not only is he protected against personal law suits arising from his official functions by the laws of Uganda but he is also covered by section 48 of }{\fs24\insrsid2898336\charrsid7356924 t}{\fs24\insrsid4666103\charrsid7356924 he Judicature Act. I am of course aware that he could be sued in his personal }{\fs24\insrsid10574772\charrsid7356924 capacity }{\fs24\insrsid4666103\charrsid7356924 if ther e is a possibility that he acted beyond the scope of his duties or maliciously but that does not arise in this case. Never}{\fs24\insrsid2898336\charrsid7356924 theless the appellant could at }{\fs24\insrsid4666103\charrsid7356924 his own risk maintain an action against the 3}{\fs24\super\insrsid4666103\charrsid7356924 rd}{\fs24\insrsid4666103\charrsid7356924 Respondent.\'94 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7356924 {\fs24\insrsid4666103\charrsid7356924 \par In reply Mr. Erias Lukwago, for the plaintiff}{\fs24\insrsid10574772\charrsid7356924 ,}{\fs24\insrsid4666103\charrsid7356924 argued and I agree that section 175 of the Act is not a}{\fs24\insrsid10574772\charrsid7356924 n}{ \fs24\insrsid4666103\charrsid7356924 absolute bar to suits against the Registrar or any person acting under his or her authority. The section only limits its protection to where the Registrar or such other officer act}{ \fs24\insrsid10574772\charrsid7356924 s}{\fs24\insrsid4666103\charrsid7356924 bonafide. In }{\fs24\insrsid5318764\charrsid7356924 the instant }{\fs24\insrsid10574772\charrsid7356924 case}{\fs24\insrsid5318764\charrsid7356924 the 2}{ \fs24\super\insrsid5318764\charrsid7356924 nd}{\fs24\insrsid5318764\charrsid7356924 and 3}{\fs24\super\insrsid5318764\charrsid7356924 rd}{\fs24\insrsid5318764\charrsid7356924 defendants are claimed to have acted malafidely and fraudulently. It is so pleaded in paragraph 17 and the plaintiff states the particulars of bad faith and fraud attributed to the 2}{\fs24\super\insrsid5318764\charrsid7356924 nd}{ \fs24\insrsid5318764\charrsid7356924 and 3}{\fs24\super\insrsid5318764\charrsid7356924 rd}{\fs24\insrsid5318764\charrsid7356924 defendants. Whether any of the parties acted bonafide or malafide cannot be adequately dealt with and resolved at }{ \fs24\insrsid10574772\charrsid7356924 a }{\fs24\insrsid5318764\charrsid7356924 preliminary stage. See }{\i\fs24\ul\insrsid5318764\charrsid7356924 Sanyu Lwanga Musoke Vs Yakobo Mayanja Ntate SCCA No 59 of 1995}{\fs24\insrsid5318764\charrsid7356924 .}{ \fs24\insrsid10574772\charrsid7356924 }{\fs24\insrsid5318764\charrsid7356924 As regards corporate capacity Mr. }{\fs24\insrsid16582768\charrsid7356924 Lukwago argued}{\fs24\insrsid5318764\charrsid7356924 that the intention of the framers of the }{ \fs24\insrsid16582768\charrsid7356924 Act was}{\fs24\insrsid5318764\charrsid7356924 to create the office of the Registrar of Titles with the capacity to sue and be sued. \par \par Counsel particularly cited }{\i\fs24\ul\insrsid5318764\charrsid7356924 IGG}{\i\fs24\ul\insrsid10574772\charrsid7356924 Vs Kik}{\i\fs24\ul\insrsid5318764\charrsid7356924 onda Butema Farm Ltd & A}{\i\fs24\ul\insrsid10574772\charrsid7356924 G}{ \i\fs24\ul\insrsid5318764\charrsid7356924 . Constitutional Application No 13 of 2006}{\fs24\insrsid5318764\charrsid7356924 . The issue }{\fs24\insrsid16582768\charrsid7356924 in that case}{\fs24\insrsid2898336\charrsid7356924 was}{ \fs24\insrsid16582768\charrsid7356924 whether the IGG has legal capacity to sue or be sued. Their Lordships the Justices of Appeal were referred to eight case}{\fs24\insrsid10574772\charrsid7356924 s}{\fs24\insrsid16582768\charrsid7356924 where the IGG had been a party. They considered }{\fs24\insrsid14505263\charrsid7356924 the cases}{\fs24\insrsid16582768\charrsid7356924 and the provisions of the Constitution and of the Inspectorate of Government Act which provide }{ \fs24\insrsid10574772\charrsid7356924 for }{\fs24\insrsid16582768\charrsid7356924 the functions of the IGG and stated.}{\fs24\insrsid5318764\charrsid7356924 \par }{\fs24\insrsid16582768\charrsid7356924 \par }\pard \qj \li1440\ri1440\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1440\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7356924 {\fs24\insrsid16582768\charrsid7356924 \'93---the }{\fs24\insrsid10574772\charrsid7356924 I}{\fs24\insrsid16582768\charrsid7356924 nspectorate and the Inspector General of Government in particular must own its/her decision}{\fs24\insrsid10574772\charrsid7356924 s}{\fs24\insrsid16582768\charrsid7356924 and have the capacity to defend those decisions in any fora including Courts of Law i}{\fs24\insrsid2898336\charrsid7356924 f}{\fs24\insrsid16582768\charrsid7356924 necessary. The Inspector }{\fs24\insrsid14505263\charrsid7356924 General of Government can be like}{\fs24\insrsid10574772\charrsid7356924 ne}{\fs24\insrsid14505263\charrsid7356924 d to the Registrar of Title}{\fs24\insrsid2898336\charrsid7356924 s}{\fs24\insrsid14505263\charrsid7356924 under the Registrar of Titles Act. Although the post is held by a traditional Civil Servant, the holder has been dragged to Court from time to time to defend and explain decisions he/she takes in the performance of his/her duties.\'94}{ \fs24\insrsid16582768\charrsid7356924 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7356924 {\fs24\insrsid14505263\charrsid7356924 \par Court held that the IGG has the capacity to sue and be sued. \par \par Counsel also cited the }{\i\fs24\ul\insrsid14505263\charrsid7356924 Commissioner General URA Vs Investments Ltd SCCA No 22 of 2007}{\fs24\insrsid14505263\charrsid7356924 . One }{\fs24\insrsid10574772\charrsid7356924 of }{ \fs24\insrsid14505263\charrsid7356924 the issues i}{\fs24\insrsid10574772\charrsid7356924 n}{\fs24\insrsid14505263\charrsid7356924 that the case was whether the Commissioner General URA was a proper party to the suit. Hon Justice Kanye}{ \fs24\insrsid10574772\charrsid7356924 i}{\fs24\insrsid14505263\charrsid7356924 hamba JSC, cited provisions of the law which empowers the Commissioner General to sue for the taxes due and unpaid and held: \par \par }\pard \qj \li1440\ri1440\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1440\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7356924 {\fs24\insrsid14505263\charrsid7356924 \'93--- he or she who is empowered to sue is also made liable by necessary implication to be sued.\'94 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7356924 {\fs24\insrsid14505263\charrsid7356924 \par Hon Justice Tsekoko, JS}{\fs24\insrsid10574772\charrsid7356924 C}{\fs24\insrsid14505263\charrsid7356924 stated:-}{\fs24\insrsid16582768\charrsid7356924 \par }{\fs24\insrsid14505263\charrsid7356924 \par }\pard \qj \li1440\ri1440\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1440\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7356924 {\fs24\insrsid14505263\charrsid7356924 \'93 --- I cannot find any legal basis in support of the view that the Commissioner General who can sue and maintain a suit in his/her official name cannot be sued in the same name in any competent court.\'94 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7356924 {\fs24\insrsid14505263\charrsid7356924 \par Mr. Lukwago referred this court to a number of cases where the Registrar of Titles had }{\fs24\insrsid5659627\charrsid7356924 been sued:-}{\fs24\insrsid14505263\charrsid7356924 \par }{\fs24\insrsid5659627\charrsid7356924 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\i\insrsid5659627\charrsid7356924 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-390\li750\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx750\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\adjustright\rin0\lin750\itap0\pararsid7356924 { \i\fs24\insrsid5659627\charrsid7356924 Andrea Lwanga Vs Registrar of Titles (1980) HC}{\i\fs24\insrsid10574772\charrsid7356924 B}{\i\fs24\insrsid5659627\charrsid7356924 24}{\fs24\insrsid5659627\charrsid7356924 . \par {\listtext\pard\plain\i\insrsid5659627\charrsid7356924 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}{\i\fs24\insrsid5659627\charrsid7356924 Oli}{\i\fs24\insrsid10574772\charrsid7356924 v}{\i\fs24\insrsid5659627\charrsid7356924 a Amelia Kawalya Kagwa Vs Registrar of Titles (1974) HCT 239 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\i\insrsid5659627\charrsid7356924 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}Elia Kitiza Vs Registrar of Titles (1978) HCB 39 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\i\insrsid5659627\charrsid7356924 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 4.\tab}Uganda }{\i\fs24\insrsid11756708\charrsid7356924 Blanket}{\i\fs24\insrsid5659627\charrsid7356924 Manufactures Ltd Vs Chief Registrar of Titles HC Misc}{ \i\fs24\insrsid11756708\charrsid7356924 .}{\i\fs24\insrsid5659627\charrsid7356924 App No 55 of 1993. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7356924 {\i\fs24\insrsid5659627\charrsid7356924 \par }{\fs24\insrsid5659627\charrsid7356924 I have looked at some of the above cases}{\fs24\insrsid10574772\charrsid7356924 .}{\fs24\insrsid5659627\charrsid7356924 In }{\i\fs24\ul\insrsid5659627\charrsid7356924 Elia Kitinza case}{ \fs24\insrsid5659627\charrsid7356924 it was an application }{\fs24\insrsid9584413\charrsid7356924 for reinstatement of a Certificate of Title brought against the Registrar of Titles under section }{\fs24\insrsid4289283\charrsid7356924 190 (n}{ \fs24\insrsid2898336\charrsid7356924 o}{\fs24\insrsid4289283\charrsid7356924 w section 182) of the Registration of Titles Act. The application was }{\fs24\insrsid6753754\charrsid7356924 entertained. In }{\i\fs24\ul\insrsid6753754\charrsid7356924 Andrea Lwanga case}{\fs24\insrsid6753754\charrsid7356924 the application }{\fs24\insrsid10574772\charrsid7356924 w}{\fs24\insrsid6753754\charrsid7356924 as by notice of }{\fs24\insrsid2898336\charrsid7356924 m}{\fs24\insrsid6753754\charrsid7356924 otion under section 190 (now section 182}{\fs24\insrsid14428810\charrsid7356924 ) of}{\fs24\insrsid6753754\charrsid7356924 the RTA calling upon the Registrar to appear and substantiate his grounds for refusing }{\fs24\insrsid10574772\charrsid7356924 to register land in the late Yusufu }{\fs24\insrsid6753754\charrsid7356924 Galiwango}{\fs24\insrsid2898336\charrsid7356924 ,}{\fs24\insrsid6753754\charrsid7356924 father of the Applicant therein. The applicat}{\fs24\insrsid10574772\charrsid7356924 ion } {\fs24\insrsid6753754\charrsid7356924 was entertained }{\fs24\insrsid10574772\charrsid7356924 and }{\fs24\insrsid6753754\charrsid7356924 court held that the proper procedure for bringing an application under }{\fs24\insrsid2191917\charrsid7356924 the }{ \fs24\insrsid6753754\charrsid7356924 section was by an originating summons under}{\fs24\insrsid2191917\charrsid7356924 Order}{\fs24\insrsid6753754\charrsid7356924 34 (now 37) of the Civil Procedure Rules. }{\fs24\insrsid2191917\charrsid7356924 In }{ \i\fs24\ul\insrsid2191917\charrsid7356924 Ka}{\i\fs24\ul\insrsid2898336\charrsid7356924 walya}{\i\fs24\ul\insrsid2191917\charrsid7356924 Kagwa Vs Registrar of Titles (1974) EA 481}{\i\fs24\ul\insrsid2898336\charrsid7356924 t}{ \fs24\insrsid6753754\charrsid7356924 h}{\fs24\insrsid2898336\charrsid7356924 e appellant had applied to the R}{\fs24\insrsid6753754\charrsid7356924 egistrar of Titles to be registered as proprietor of the land of her late husband and his father as execut} {\fs24\insrsid2191917\charrsid7356924 r}{\fs24\insrsid16465744\charrsid7356924 ix}{\fs24\insrsid6753754\charrsid7356924 under Section 143 }{\fs24\insrsid2191917\charrsid7356924 (now 134) }{\fs24\insrsid6753754\charrsid7356924 of the R}{ \fs24\insrsid2191917\charrsid7356924 T}{\fs24\insrsid6753754\charrsid7356924 A. The }{\fs24\insrsid14428810\charrsid7356924 Registrar refused registration. The appellant took out an originating summons under Order 34 (now 37) CPR calling on the Registrar under Section 190 (now 182) of the RTA to substantiate and uphold the grounds of his refusal. The }{ \fs24\insrsid16465744\charrsid7356924 a}{\fs24\insrsid14428810\charrsid7356924 pplication was entertained at both the High Court and the Court of Appeal level}{\fs24\insrsid2169661\charrsid7356924 s}{\fs24\insrsid14428810\charrsid7356924 .}{ \fs24\insrsid5659627\charrsid7356924 \par }{\fs24\insrsid14428810\charrsid7356924 \par Under Section 3 of the Act a registrar is appointed to have charge and control of the office of titles and to exercise the powers and perform the duties }{\fs24\insrsid2169661\charrsid7356924 conferred or imposed upon the registrar by the Act. The Registrar may delegate all or any of his or her powers or duties under the Act. As was held, }{\fs24\insrsid2191917\charrsid7356924 in }{\fs24\insrsid2169661\charrsid7356924 respect to the IGG in the}{\i\fs24\ul\insrsid2169661\charrsid7356924 Kikonda Butema Farm }{\fs24\insrsid2169661\charrsid7356924 case (supra) the Registrar of Titles must own }{\fs24\insrsid2191917\charrsid7356924 his/her}{\fs24\insrsid2169661\charrsid7356924 decisions and actions and have the capacity to defend them. }{\fs24\insrsid16465744\charrsid7356924 It}{\fs24\insrsid2169661\charrsid7356924 is in that spirit that under section 18}{\fs24\insrsid2191917\charrsid7356924 2}{ \fs24\insrsid2169661\charrsid7356924 of the Act proceedings can be brought against the registrar to }{\fs24\insrsid15164328\charrsid7356924 substantiate and uphold the grounds of his /her refusal to either: \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\insrsid15164328\charrsid7356924 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (i)\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-720\li1080\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx1080\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid7356924 { \fs24\insrsid15164328\charrsid7356924 bring the land under the operations of the Act , \par {\listtext\pard\plain\insrsid15164328\charrsid7356924 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (ii)\tab}have any dealing registered or recorded \par {\listtext\pard\plain\insrsid15164328\charrsid7356924 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (iii)\tab}have an}{\fs24\insrsid2191917\charrsid7356924 y certificate or document issued}{\fs24\insrsid15164328\charrsid7356924 or \par {\listtext\pard\plain\insrsid15164328\charrsid7356924 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (iv)\tab}have any act or duty done or performed. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7356924 {\fs24\insrsid15164328\charrsid7356924 \par Under section 174 of the Act the Registrar of Titles can state a case for the High Court on mat}{\fs24\insrsid12857524\charrsid7356924 t}{\fs24\insrsid15164328\charrsid7356924 ers regarding the performance of his}{\fs24\insrsid12857524\charrsid7356924 /her}{\fs24\insrsid15164328\charrsid7356924 duties or exercise of }{\fs24\insrsid12857524\charrsid7356924 his/her}{\fs24\insrsid15164328\charrsid7356924 functions. The Registrar is thereby empowered to take out proceedings for courts determination. As was held by Hon Justice Kanyeihamba in }{\i\fs24\ul\insrsid15164328\charrsid7356924 Commissioner General URA Vs Meera Investments}{ \fs24\insrsid15164328\charrsid7356924 (supra}{\fs24\insrsid16465744\charrsid7356924 ) the}{\fs24\insrsid15164328\charrsid7356924 Registrar of Titles is thereby made liable to be sued. The position }{\fs24\insrsid16465744\charrsid7356924 of the}{ \fs24\insrsid15164328\charrsid7356924 Registrar of Titles is distinguishable from the position of the DPP which was the subject of Justice Twinomujuni}{\fs24\insrsid12857524\charrsid7356924 \rquote s}{\fs24\insrsid15164328\charrsid7356924 hold}{ \fs24\insrsid16465744\charrsid7356924 ing}{\fs24\insrsid15164328\charrsid7356924 in }{\i\fs24\ul\insrsid15164328\charrsid7356924 Tw}{\i\fs24\ul\insrsid12857524\charrsid7356924 a}{\i\fs24\ul\insrsid15164328\charrsid7356924 gira Vs }{ \i\fs24\ul\insrsid9511182\charrsid7356924 A/G and DPP}{\fs24\insrsid9511182\charrsid7356924 (supra). The functions of the DPP are laid out }{\fs24\insrsid12857524\charrsid7356924 i}{\fs24\insrsid9511182\charrsid7356924 n Article 120 (3) of the }{ \fs24\insrsid12857524\charrsid7356924 C}{\fs24\insrsid9511182\charrsid7356924 onstitution. The DPP is not clothed with any powers to take out civil proceedings. Such powers by or against the Government are only vested in t he Attorney General. By implication section 175 of the Act shows that the Registrar or any person under him can be liable for action or proceeding where he acts malafidely. Sections 183 and 185 provide for circumstances under which }{ \fs24\insrsid12857524\charrsid7356924 an }{\fs24\insrsid9511182\charrsid7356924 aggrieved person may proceed against the }{\fs24\insrsid12857524\charrsid7356924 G}{\fs24\insrsid9511182\charrsid7356924 overnment for damages under the Act but th}{ \fs24\insrsid16465744\charrsid7356924 e}{\fs24\insrsid9511182\charrsid7356924 section}{\fs24\insrsid16465744\charrsid7356924 s}{\fs24\insrsid9511182\charrsid7356924 do not limit proceedings for damages to the Government only.}{ \fs24\insrsid15164328\charrsid7356924 \par }{\fs24\insrsid9511182\charrsid7356924 \par In the instant case, in addition to damages, the plaintiff is seeking for declaration}{\fs24\insrsid12857524\charrsid7356924 s}{\fs24\insrsid9511182\charrsid7356924 and orders which required Court to pronounce itself on the Registrar\rquote s or his or her staff\rquote s performance and exercise of his/her duties and functions. In the premises I find that the Registrar of }{\fs24\insrsid12857524\charrsid7356924 T}{\fs24\insrsid9511182\charrsid7356924 itles can be sued. I therefore find th}{\fs24\insrsid12857524\charrsid7356924 at}{\fs24\insrsid9511182\charrsid7356924 th}{\fs24\insrsid12857524\charrsid7356924 e Registrar of Titles was rightly }{\fs24\insrsid9511182\charrsid7356924 sued. \par \par }{\fs24\insrsid14773381\charrsid7356924 Ge}{\fs24\insrsid9511182\charrsid7356924 nerally }{\fs24\insrsid14773381\charrsid7356924 e}{\fs24\insrsid9511182\charrsid7356924 very suit is commenced by plaint and th}{\fs24\insrsid14773381\charrsid7356924 e instant suit was so commenced. The plaintiff who claims that he is the proprietor of the suit land, in paragraph 16 of the plaint states:-}{\fs24\insrsid9511182\charrsid7356924 \par }{\fs24\insrsid14773381\charrsid7356924 \par }\pard \qj \li1440\ri1440\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1440\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7356924 {\fs24\insrsid14773381\charrsid7356924 \'93The plaintiff sought information and documents from the 2}{ \fs24\super\insrsid14773381\charrsid7356924 nd}{\fs24\insrsid14773381\charrsid7356924 defendant and informed him (the 2}{\fs24\super\insrsid14773381\charrsid7356924 nd}{\fs24\insrsid14773381\charrsid7356924 Defendant) that he wanted to lodge a caveat on the land and to file Court proceedings to protect his interests but the 2}{\fs24\super\insrsid14773381\charrsid7356924 nd}{\fs24\insrsid14773381\charrsid7356924 defendant concealed the documents and misinformed him verbally and in writing of the true status of the records (See Annex K7(a) K7 (b), K7 (c) }{\fs24\insrsid12857524\charrsid7356924 K7 (d) }{\fs24\insrsid14773381\charrsid7356924 K7(e), K7(f) K7(g),\'94

\par \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7356924 {\fs24\insrsid14773381\charrsid7356924 In paragraph 3 of the plaint the suit is brought against the 2}{ \fs24\super\insrsid14773381\charrsid7356924 nd}{\fs24\insrsid14773381\charrsid7356924 defendant for act}{\fs24\insrsid12857524\charrsid7356924 s}{\fs24\insrsid14773381\charrsid7356924 or omissions committed by him while a registrar of titles in charge of Kampala Mailo Office Land Registration Departme}{\fs24\insrsid12857524\charrsid7356924 nt and while acting in the cour}{\fs24\insrsid14773381\charrsid7356924 s}{ \fs24\insrsid12857524\charrsid7356924 e}{\fs24\insrsid14773381\charrsid7356924 of his powers and duties. Paragraph }{\fs24\insrsid12857524\charrsid7356924 4 }{\fs24\insrsid14773381\charrsid7356924 shows that the 3rd defendant is sued in her official capacity as the in charge and controller of the office of Titles with powers to perform all duties conferred upon the Registrar of Titles under the Act. \par The above pleadings would bri}{\fs24\insrsid12857524\charrsid7356924 n}{\fs24\insrsid14773381\charrsid7356924 g the plaintiff}{\fs24\insrsid12857524\charrsid7356924 \rquote }{\fs24\insrsid14773381\charrsid7356924 s claim with}{ \fs24\insrsid12857524\charrsid7356924 in }{\fs24\insrsid14773381\charrsid7356924 the a}{\fs24\insrsid12857524\charrsid7356924 r}{\fs24\insrsid14773381\charrsid7356924 mbit of section 182 of the Act. Under the section proceedings are specifically provided to be by summons. I have already hereabove, outlined the cases cited to me by Mr. Lukwago as suits filed against the Registrar of Titles and entertained by Court. All these case}{\fs24\insrsid16465744\charrsid7356924 s}{\fs24\insrsid14773381\charrsid7356924 were commenced by applications and in }{ \i\fs24\ul\insrsid14773381\charrsid7356924 Andrea Lwanga case}{\fs24\insrsid14773381\charrsid7356924 it was particularly held that the proper procedure fo}{\fs24\insrsid16647980\charrsid7356924 r}{\fs24\insrsid14773381\charrsid7356924 bringing an application under }{\fs24\insrsid16647980\charrsid7356924 the }{\fs24\insrsid14773381\charrsid7356924 section is by an originating summons}{\fs24\insrsid16647980\charrsid7356924 .}{\fs24\insrsid14773381\charrsid7356924 Sub section (3) }{ \fs24\insrsid5586493\charrsid7356924 provides that after hearing, as may be directed by the High Court, the Court shall make such order in }{\fs24\insrsid16647980\charrsid7356924 the}{\fs24\insrsid5586493\charrsid7356924 premise}{ \fs24\insrsid16647980\charrsid7356924 s}{\fs24\insrsid5586493\charrsid7356924 as the circumstances for the case require.}{\fs24\insrsid14773381\charrsid7356924 \par }{\fs24\insrsid5586493\charrsid7356924 \par Going by the provisions of section 182 of the Act and the above authorities, which happen to have been cited by Mr. Lukwago, where the Registrar is required to substantiate and defend his or her actions proceedings should be commenced by way of Originating Summons. However }{ \fs24\insrsid14437917\charrsid7356924 the plaintiff\rquote s}{\fs24\insrsid5586493\charrsid7356924 case is beyond the scope of }{\fs24\insrsid14437917\charrsid7356924 Section 182}{\fs24\insrsid5586493\charrsid7356924 of the Act. }{ \fs24\insrsid16647980\charrsid7356924 T}{\fs24\insrsid5586493\charrsid7356924 he section is permissive not mandatory. It cannot be constrained as divesting any aggrieved part}{\fs24\insrsid16647980\charrsid7356924 y}{\fs24\insrsid5586493\charrsid7356924 from proceeding otherwise than under the section. \par \par In the instant case the plaintiff alleges bad faith and fraud against the 2}{\fs24\super\insrsid5586493\charrsid7356924 nd}{\fs24\insrsid5586493\charrsid7356924 and 3}{\fs24\super\insrsid5586493\charrsid7356924 rd}{\fs24\insrsid5586493\charrsid7356924 Defendants. I have already s}{\fs24\insrsid16647980\charrsid7356924 t}{\fs24\insrsid5586493\charrsid7356924 ated that the Registrar of Titles and officers under her don\rquote t enjoy the protection of section 175 of the Act where their acts or omissions are not bonafide. Further the plaintiff is claiming damages for the market value of the suit property and other }{\fs24\insrsid16465744\charrsid7356924 remedies}{ \fs24\insrsid5586493\charrsid7356924 . In the premises I find that the }{\fs24\insrsid14437917\charrsid7356924 procedure }{\fs24\insrsid16465744\charrsid7356924 adopted }{\fs24\insrsid14437917\charrsid7356924 was}{\fs24\insrsid5586493\charrsid7356924 the most appropriate in the circumstances. \par \par As to whether there is a cause of action disclosed against the 2}{\fs24\super\insrsid5586493\charrsid7356924 nd}{\fs24\insrsid5586493\charrsid7356924 and 3}{\fs24\super\insrsid5586493\charrsid7356924 rd}{\fs24\insrsid5586493\charrsid7356924 defendant}{ \fs24\insrsid16647980\charrsid7356924 s I have already held that the 3}{\fs24\super\insrsid5586493\charrsid7356924 rd}{\fs24\insrsid16647980\charrsid7356924 }{\fs24\insrsid5586493\charrsid7356924 Defendant, as Registrar of Titles, and the 2}{ \fs24\super\insrsid5586493\charrsid7356924 nd}{\fs24\insrsid5586493\charrsid7356924 Defendant as an officer of the Office of the Titles can be sued where their actions or omission}{\fs24\insrsid16647980\charrsid7356924 s}{ \fs24\insrsid5586493\charrsid7356924 are not bonafide. In the instant case the }{\fs24\insrsid15995734\charrsid7356924 plaintiff\rquote }{\fs24\insrsid16465744\charrsid7356924 s}{\fs24\insrsid5586493\charrsid7356924 }{ \fs24\insrsid15995734\charrsid7356924 claim}{\fs24\insrsid5586493\charrsid7356924 that the said defendants in exercise of their powers and duties were not bonafide and wer}{\fs24\insrsid15995734\charrsid7356924 e}{\fs24\insrsid5586493\charrsid7356924 fraudulent. The plaintiff further claims that as a result of}{\fs24\insrsid16647980\charrsid7356924 the}{\fs24\insrsid5586493\charrsid7356924 defendant}{\fs24\insrsid15995734\charrsid7356924 \rquote s}{\fs24\insrsid5586493\charrsid7356924 conduct }{ \fs24\insrsid15995734\charrsid7356924 a caveat was improperly removed, a mortgage unlawfully registered on his certificate of title and that as a result the plaintiff has suffered loss and damage.}{\fs24\insrsid5586493\charrsid7356924 \par }{\fs24\insrsid15995734\charrsid7356924 \par A cause of action is disclosed if the plaint shows that the plaintiff enjoyed a right, that }{\fs24\insrsid16647980\charrsid7356924 the right }{\fs24\insrsid15995734\charrsid7356924 has been violated and that the defendant is liable. See }{ \i\fs24\ul\insrsid15995734\charrsid7356924 Auto Garage & Other Vs Motokov (No 3) (1971) EA 514}{\fs24\insrsid15995734\charrsid7356924 . The pleadings disclose all the above. I accordingly find that the plaint discloses a cause of action against the 2}{ \fs24\super\insrsid15995734\charrsid7356924 nd}{\fs24\insrsid15995734\charrsid7356924 and 3}{\fs24\super\insrsid15995734\charrsid7356924 rd}{\fs24\insrsid15995734\charrsid7356924 Defendants \par \par The preliminary objections raised are accordingly rejected and dismissed with costs. The suit shall proceed on merit. \par }{\fs24\insrsid14437917\charrsid7356924 \par }{\fs24\insrsid5253410\charrsid7356924 \par \par \par \par \par \par \par \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7356924 {\fs24\insrsid15995734\charrsid7356924 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7356924 {\fs24\insrsid15995734\charrsid7356924 Hon. Mr. Justice Lameck N. Mukasa \par }{\b\fs24\insrsid15995734\charrsid7356924 JUDGE \par }{\fs24\insrsid15995734\charrsid7356924 16}{\fs24\super\insrsid15995734\charrsid7356924 th}{\fs24\insrsid15995734\charrsid7356924 June 2009}{\fs24\insrsid9112366\charrsid7356924 \par }}