Edward Musyemi Nchomba v Republic [2020] KEHC 6668 (KLR)

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{mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5. 4pt 0in 5. 4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0in; mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:10. 0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11. 0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} </style> <![endif]REPUBLIC OF KENYA

IN THE HIGH COURT OF KENYA

AT CHUKA

HCCRA NO. 8 OF 2018

EDWARD MUSYEMI NCHOMBA..................................................APPELLANT

VERSUS

REPUBLIC......................................................................................RESPONDENT

(Being an Appeal from the Judgment of the Principal Magistrate's Court at  Marimanti

in PM's CR.C No. 782 of 2016) delivered by(S.N. NYAGA - RM)  on 27/7/2017

J U D G E M E N T

1. EDWARD MUSYEMI NCHOMBA, the Appellant herein was charged  with the offence of assault causing actual bodily harm contrary to Section  251 of the Penal Code.  The particulars as per the charge sheet presented to  the trial court were that on 23rd December 2016 at Ithanga village,  Karocho Location Tharaka South, the Appellant unlawfully assaulted SABASTIAN GITUMA MUNYUOKI, the complainant occasioning him  actual bodily harm.  The Appellant denied committing the offence and the  prosecution  called five witnesses to proof their case.

2.  A brief summary of the prosecution's case against the Appellant at the trial  indicates that there was an initiation ceremony at the home of one Mugambi  which was in the neighbourhood of both the Appellant and the complainant.   It is apparent that the attendees were served with inter alia traditional liquor  and the Appellant perhaps having consumed one too many cups of alcohol   caused a commotion as a result  of which he received some beatings which  incensed him.  He went and shortly came back armed with a bow and arrows  and started shooting indiscriminately in a drunken state and one of the  arrows landed on the head of the complainant and injured him.  He was  apprehended after he ran out of  arrows and taken to Marimanti Police  Station the following day on 24th December 2016 after being locked initially  at Rungu A. P. Post.  David Nyaga PW3, a clinical officer at Tharaka  District Hospital tendered a P3  filed by one Emilio Gaichu who classified  the injuries as "harm".  The witness however tendered the medical evidence  (P3 P. Exhibit 1) without  establishing basis for its production but I will come  back to that shortly in this judgment.

3. The trial court upon evaluation of the evidence tendered found that both the  Appellant and complainant sustained injuries.  The court relied on evidence  of PW1, PW2  PW3 and the evidence of  David Nyaga (PW4) the  clinical officer who testified on behalf of Emilio  Gaicho the clinical  officer who attended to the complainant and filled the P3  form (P. Exhibit 1)  in finding that the Appellant was guilty as charged.  He  was convicted and  sentenced to serve 5 years imprisonment and a further 3  years supervision  by Area DCIO.

4. The Appellant felt aggrieved by both the conviction and sentence and filed  this appeal raising the following grounds namely;

i) That the learned trial magistrate erred by not observing that the medical report did not properly classify the assault.

ii) That the trial court erred by not rendering itself on the P3 form in respect to the Appellant.

iii) That the culprit who assaulted him was not arrested despite his P3 form showing he was injured.

iv) That the Appellant was badly beaten and suffered serious injuries.

v) That the complainant had him charged for interior motives.

vi) That his defence was not properly considered.

5. In his oral submissions at the hearing of this appeal, the appellant insisted  that he had fought with the complainant and that he was arrested while  unconscious because of the beatings he sustained.  He complained that he  was not produced in court at the earliest opportunity insisting that he was  arrested and taken to police custody on 24th December 2016 which was a  Saturday and that he was not produced in court until he complained to the  OCS.  The record shows that the Appellant was produced in court on 29th  December 2016.

6. The Appellant further complained that his defence was closed prematurely  after his  3 witnesses got the misfortune of being arrested in  alcohol related  offences and could not be available.  This ground however appears to be an  additional ground raised without leave of this court contrary to clear  provisions of Section 350 of Criminal Procedure Code.  This court will  therefore disregard the same.

7. The Appellant has further blamed the complainant and his family for the  woes he currently faces and submitted that he has had trouble with them in  the past and that they are out on a revenge mission.

8. The Respondent through Mr. Momanyi, learned counsel for the Director of  Public Prosecution has partly opposed this appeal.  He submitted that he  supports the conviction but conceded that the sentence meted out against the  Appellant was manifestly illegal.

9. The State has supported the conviction of the Appellant by the trial court  pointing out that the evidence of PW1 and PW2 indicated that the Appellant  became unruly in a circumcision ceremony after consuming alcohol.  He  further submitted that the appellant was beaten by members of the public  and accused him of giving various versions of why he was being framed by  the complainant's family.  The Respondent has contended that the  Appellant's defence was a sham and that the evidence tendered was  sufficient to found a conviction.  He however conceded that the sentence  beyond 5 years maximum sentence meted out was illegal and should be set  aside.

10. This court has considered this appeal, the grounds raised and the response  made.  There is no dispute going by the evidence tendered at trial that the  Appellant and the complainant and perhaps other people had an altercation  at a  circumcision ceremony after indulging in too much alcohol.  There is  evidence that both the Appellant and the complainant perhaps due to the  altercation suffered injuries.

11. From the medical evidence tendered at the trial it is apparent that PW4  David Nyaga tendered evidence on behalf of one Emilio Gaichu, the author  of P3 form tendered as P.Exhibit 1.  The record of proceeding however  shows that contrary to the rules of evidence the said David Nyaga laid no  basis to tender the P3 form. Although this ground was not raised or argued in  this appeal, this issue is so critical that this court as an appellate court  cannot disregard for the interest of justice.

12. Under the provisions of Section 33 of the Evidence Actthe law provides as  follows:

"..........................statements, written or oral or electronically     recorded of admissible facts made by persons who is dead, or who    cannot be found, or who has become incapable of giving evidence or   whose attendance cannot be procured, or whose attendance cannot    be procured without an amount of delay or expense which in the    circumstances of the case appears to the court unreasonable are    themselves admissible in the following cases..........................."

13. The above provisions clearly indicates that for the court to form an opinion  for example that a witness cannot be procured without unreasonable delay or  expense, basis by the prosecution and/or the expert witness who intends to  testify on behalf of an absent colleague must lay sufficient basis before  the  court can admit the evidence.

14. Furthermore the same provision when read together with Section 48 of the  Evidence Act really requires expert, witnesses to lay basis of their expertise  before adducing expert opinions or evidence.  Section 48(1) provides:

" When the court has to form an opinion upon a point of foreign    law, or of science or art, or as to identity or genuiness of     handwriting or finger or other impressions, opinions upon that     point are admissible if made by persons specially skilled in such    foreign law, science or art, or in question as to identity or genuiness    of handwriting or fingerprints or other impressions."

15. Going by the evidence tendered by David Nyaga (PW4) it is apparent that  his evidence as an expert was wanting for 3 reasons;

i) He did not give the trial court his professional qualification to enable the trial court form an opinion about his expertise given that he was called by the prosecution as an expert witness.

ii) He did not give the trial court information about how long he had worked with the author of the P3 (P.Exhibit 1) if at all and whether he was familiar with his handwriting.

iii) He did not give any information as to whether Emilio Gaicho was competent and qualified to fill the P3 and whether he had known him as such.  The only information he gave to the trial court was;

"the P3 was filled by my colleague on 28th December 2018.  That is  all."

16. The trial court in my considered view fell into error by relying on the  evidence of the said PW4 to render a conviction without the absence of  adherence to the law by ensuring that;

i) The witness was an expert through giving his  professional background and qualifications pursuant to Section  48 of Evidence  Act and

ii) Laying firm basis under Section 33 of the same Act to testify on behalf of the author of the P3.

In the absence of proper adherence to the law, the evidence of PW4 was rendered hearsay evidence and by law such evidence is inadmissible.  To the extent that the conviction of the apparent basically hinged on the evidence of David Nyaga (PW4) , this court finds that the conviction was bad in law and erroneous.

17. It is not necessary to address the other grounds raised but just in passing,   the Appellant may have felt aggrieved by not being taken to court within 24  hours of his arrest or if the day fell on day not an ordinary court, the next  court  day.  His grievance though legitimate should be addressed in a  separate avenue other than this appeal because this appeal is about  conviction and sentence.

18. This court also notes as conceded by the prosecution that the sentence  imposed by the trial court was beyond the prescribed sanction under Section  251 of the Penal Code.  The maximum sentence prescribed is 5 years and  anything beyond 5 years even if it is probation is certainly unlawful because  it is not provided in law.  This court would have set it aside and impose a  proper sentence but in view of my finding on conviction, that is now purely  academic.

The upshoot of this is that this court finds merit in this appeal.  This court  finds that for the reasons aforesaid the conviction of the Appellant was  clearly erroneous.  The conviction is hereby quashed and the sentence  imposed is set aside.  The Appellant shall be set free forthwith unless  lawfully held.

Dated, signed and delivered at Chuka this 22nd day of April 2020 via  Zoom  in view of the measures taken to combat COVID - 19.

R.K. LIMO

JUDGE

22/4/2020