Enos Johns v Allan Shem Kirumira (HCT-00-CV-CS-0057-2008) (HCT-00-CV-CS-0057-2008) [2009] UGHC 134 (12 October 2009)

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\li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx8640\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5199464 \par }}{\footerr \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx8640\pvpara\phmrg\posxc\posy0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10814747 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\insrsid5199464 PAGE }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7624744 13}}}\sectd \ltrsect \linex0\endnhere\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\insrsid5199464 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx8640\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5199464 \par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}} {\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8 \pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1 \widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2981536 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11041999\charrsid2981536 THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA \par IN THE HIGH COURT OF UGANDA AT KAMPALA \par (CIVIL DIVISION) \par HCT-00-CV-CS-0057-2008 \par \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2981536 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11041999\charrsid2981536 ENOS }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3164236\charrsid2981536 JOHNS:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11041999\charrsid2981536 ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: PLAINTIFF \par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2981536 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11041999\charrsid2981536 VERSUS \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2981536 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11041999\charrsid2981536 ALLAN SHEM KIRUMIRA ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: DEFENDANT \par \par BEFORE: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid11041999\charrsid2981536 THE HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE YOROKAMU BAMWINE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11041999\charrsid2981536 \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid11041999\charrsid2981536 JUDGMENT \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11041999\charrsid2981536 The plaintiff\rquote s suit against the defendant is for recovery of money had and received, interest and costs of the suit. \par \par From the evidence, the plaintiff is resident in the United Kingdom. He was d esirous of buying land in Uganda. Through his father, Sezi Kigozi Gwayambadde, he approached the defendant, a land consultant and non-practicing lawyer to assist him to procure a plot of land in Kampala. Money in the sum of Shs.135,000,000/= was finally wired onto the defendant\rquote s account No. 0710002328 in Nile Bank to use for purchasing the land on behalf of the plaintiff. \par \par It is an admitted fact that: \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11041999\charrsid2981536 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li1080\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar \jclisttab\tx1080\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid2981536 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11041999\charrsid2981536 The plaintiff paid Shs.135m/= to the defendant and the defendant acknowledged receipt of it. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11041999\charrsid2981536 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}Out of the Shs.135m, Shs.35m was recovered from the defendant with the assistance of Police. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11041999\charrsid2981536 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}The plaintiff has not received the land, the subject matter of the sale. \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2981536 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\ul\insrsid11041999\charrsid2981536 Issues}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11041999\charrsid2981536 : \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11041999\charrsid2981536 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li1080\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar \jclisttab\tx1080\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid2981536 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11041999\charrsid2981536 Whether the defendant is indebted to the plaintiff as claimed. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11041999\charrsid2981536 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}Reliefs, if any. \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2981536 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11041999\charrsid2981536 \par Mr. Kanga}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12010118\charrsid2981536 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11041999\charrsid2981536 o Edward for the plaintiff.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15279595\charrsid2981536 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11041999\charrsid2981536 Defendant represented himself. \par \par The defendant has hyped up the alleged discrepancy in the names of the plaintiff at the hearing and in his written submissions. However, as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12741665\charrsid2981536 the two issues framed for determination clearly show, th e alleged discrepancy was not raised as a matter to be determined at the hearing. It is trite that a party is expected and bound to prove the case as alleged by him and as covered in the issues framed. He will not be allowed at the trial to change his c ase or set up a case inconsistent with what he alleged in his pleadings except by way of amendment of the pleadings: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\ul\insrsid12741665\charrsid2981536 Interfreight Forwarders (U) Ltd vs East African Development Bank [1994 \endash 95] HCB 54}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12741665\charrsid2981536 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11041999\charrsid2981536 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12741665\charrsid2981536 \par Be that as it may, I find it necessary to first make a finding of fact in respect thereof and thereafter proceed to make a determination of the framed issues. \par \par In the plaint, the plaintiff gave his names as ENOS JOHNS. At the hearing, Sezi Kigozi Gwayambadde said that the plaintiff was his son and that he is ENOS JOHNS. The three parties, the plaintiff, the defendant and the plaintiff\rquote s father are blood relatives. According to the plaintiff\rquote s father, the defendant is a son to his elder sister and therefore a grandson. \par \par At the hearing, the plaintiff gave the following line up of names: ENOS }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8149309\charrsid2981536 KIGOZI }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12741665\charrsid2981536 JOHNS, Kigozi being his father\rquote s name. His British Passport indicate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1773493\charrsid2981536 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12741665\charrsid2981536 him as ENOS JOHNS and so does his Driving Licence. If his father\rquote s name, Kigozi, is dropped from the line-up of names above, he remains ENOS JO HNS, the plaintiff herein. In these circumstances, and with the greatest respect to the defendant, I have not seen any discrepancy in the names worth writing home about. I make a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9647248\charrsid2981536 finding that the ENOS KIGOZI JOHNS who appeared as PW3 herein is the plaintiff in this case.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12741665\charrsid2981536 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9647248\charrsid2981536 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-1980\li1980\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1980\itap0\pararsid2981536 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid9647248\charrsid2981536 Issue No. 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9647248\charrsid2981536 : Whether the defendant is indebted to the plaintiff as claimed. \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2981536 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9647248\charrsid2981536 \par At the hearing, the plaintiff led evidence of three witnesses: PW1 Sezi Kigozi Gwayambadde, PW2 J. B. Ahimbisibwe and himself (as PW3). \par \par In his testimony, PW1 G wayambadde stated that his son, the plaintiff, was desirous of acquiring land at Muyenga and asked him to find a lawyer to assist him (the plaintiff) to acquire it. He informed the plaintiff about a grandson who is a lawyer and a land consultant. He (PW 1) contacted the defendant and the defendant agreed to do the needful. \par \par PW1 stated further that the defendant and the plaintiff negotiated the terms for processing the documents and making the payment. The land which the parties had first inspected was in Muyenga. In the end they found it unsuitable. Then }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11625900\charrsid2981536 the defendant found another piece of land, this time in Munyonyo. The witness (PW1), the defendant and J. B. Ahimbisibwe (PW3) inspected}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2952167\charrsid2981536 it and they liked it. The defendant was requested to take the necessary steps to ensure that the land documents were correct and that what was on the title was also on the ground and to ascertain ownership. According to Gwayambadde, the defendant assured him that he had done so and found the papers properly documen ted in the land office.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9647248\charrsid2981536 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14972596\charrsid2981536 \par After consulting his son in U. K, he gave the defendant the necessary go ahead to acquire the land. \par \par What followed later is very pertinent. According to the witness (PW1), after the defendant (whom he fondly referred to as ALLAN thr oughout the testimony) had got the papers, he (PW1) requested him to prepare a Sale Agreement so that the two could study it and arrange to pay. He agreed to this and requested the owner of the land to come to the defendant\rquote s office where they could meet, sign }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1073237\charrsid2981536 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14972596\charrsid2981536 sale agreement and have opportunity to see the seller. The appointment was to take place at Mid-day so that they could make the payment at 2.00 p.m., before the Bank closed. The defendant insisted that the funds be transferred to his account. Upon that insistence, the two went to the Bank and had the money transferred to the defendant\rquote s account. I have already indicated that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13782916\charrsid2981536 fact of transfer is not disputed by the defendant. The transfer was on 12/05/2007. The meeting to sign the sale agreement was to take place on 14/05/07. The witness waited for a call from the defendant so that they go to study the Sale}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2377434\charrsid2981536 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13782916\charrsid2981536 greement to no avail. Around 11 a.m., because the defendant\rquote s phone was off, the witness decided to go to his (the defendant\rquote s) office to find out what the problem was.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14972596\charrsid2981536 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2841700\charrsid2981536 \par On reaching there, the defendant\rquote s Secretary told him that the defendant was out. So the witness proceeded to the Bank. On reaching there, he saw the defendant\rquote s car parked outside, the driver waiting for him. As t he witness was approaching the Bank gate, the defendant came out. He told him that the transaction had been completed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6298791\charrsid2981536 , the vendor paid}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2841700\charrsid2981536 and he gave him documents to that effect. He sent those documents to U. K. Then the plaintiff detailed one J. B. Ahimbisibwe to go and f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10643895\charrsid2981536 en}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2841700\charrsid2981536 ce off the land. The said Ahimbisibwe then went back to him with the bad news, the person who had allegedly sold the land was not the owner thereof. He (PW1) turned to the defendant and the defendant told him that they had been conned. From his evidence, therefore, PW1 Gwayambadde }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13848125\charrsid2981536 has never}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2841700\charrsid2981536 see}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13848125\charrsid2981536 n}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2841700\charrsid2981536 the alleged seller of the land. This in essence is the substance of the evidence of the person who parted with Shs.135m on behalf}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid618692\charrsid2981536 of the plaintiff.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2841700\charrsid2981536 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid618692\charrsid2981536 \par The evidence of PW2 John Bosco A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16668525\charrsid2981536 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid618692\charrsid2981536 imbisibwe is not any different from that of PW1 Gwayambadde. He went to the suit land with instructions from the plaintiff to ascertain the boundaries. In the process of doing so, a man claiming to be the caretaker of the land told them that he was not aware abou t the sale; that the owner of the land was out of the country. \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14763663\charrsid2981536 The witness went and reported the matter to the Police. In the company of CID officers, he went to the Bank and got confirmation that out of the Shs.135m banked on the defendant\rquote s account, only Shs.35m was remaining. Police then took over the case for investigations.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid618692\charrsid2981536 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14763663\charrsid2981536 \par The defendant appeared as the sole witness for his side. He admitted that money was wired onto his account in Nile Bank and that he met the supposed vendor at his office with PW 1 Gwayambadde and proceeded to pay out the money still in the absence of PW1. He testified that he identified the vendor using a Driving Permit. He also testified that he got a certified copy of the Certificate (Exh. D2). According to him, he agreed wi th the vendor that he would only receive money for one Plot (Block 255 Plot }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16658151\charrsid2981536 733) and he (the defendant) would retain Shs.35m until title for Block}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14117439\charrsid2981536 255 Plot 734 had been found.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14763663\charrsid2981536 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14117439\charrsid2981536 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7488690\charrsid2981536 According to him, he told PW1 Gwayambadde all this but because he was of ill-health, he left the defendant to proceed with the transaction.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14117439\charrsid2981536 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7488690\charrsid2981536 \par It is his case that he went with the vendor to the site and the vendor introduced him to the area Chairman (LCI) who informed him that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15941133\charrsid2981536 the suit land belonged to the man he was with, Alex Rusita. He also said that he talked to a passerby who also confirmed that the land belonged to Alex Rusita. He admitted drafting the sale agreement which he signed with the said Rusita. According to him, the vendor passed onto him two certificates of Title for both plots (733 and 734) and that he handed all the documents to PW1 Gwayambadde.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7488690\charrsid2981536 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid948224\charrsid2981536 \par He stated finally that after realizing that they had been conned, he reported the matter to Police. He was given time to produce witnesses but on the date the case was adjo urned to, he never turned up. The court proceeded under O.17 r.4 of the Civil Procedure Rules to close the hearing. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9652797\charrsid2981536 \par I have very carefully addressed my mind to the evidence on record and the arguments of both parties. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11552794\charrsid2981536 \par It is an agreed fact that the plaintiff wired money in the sum of Shs.135m onto the account of PW1 Sezi Kigozi Gwayambadde. It is also an admitted fact that the same amount was transferred to the defendant\rquote s account. \par \par The defendant avers in paragraph 16 of his Written Statement of Defence that after the plaintiff gave him authority to transact on his behalf, he (the defendant) promptly called the purported owner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5338274\charrsid2981536 of the land, Alex Rusita, witnessed the signing of the conveyance agreement and transfers, obtained the duplicate certificates of t itle from him and paid him Shs.100m as arranged and further re-affirmed to him that upon tracing of the original title for the other parcel of land, he would get the balance of Shs.35m.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11552794\charrsid2981536

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5338274\charrsid2981536 \par This position is contradicted by the Sale Agreement itself, Exh. P2, which states at p.2 thereof that the vendor had sold the entire plot for a sum of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11287652\charrsid2981536 Shs.135m which the buyer had paid. However, in his testimony, the defendant claimed that he had only paid for one Plot and retained Shs.35m till the white page for the secon d Plot would be found. There is no mention of any such reservation in the sale agreement itself, Exh. P2. If anything, the parties agreed:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5338274\charrsid2981536 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11287652\charrsid2981536 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li851\ri851\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin851\lin851\itap0\pararsid2981536 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid11287652\charrsid2981536 \'93 That the purchaser shall pay the full purchase price stated above to the vendor, receipt whereof the vendor hereby acknowledges by signing this agreement.\'94 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri851\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin851\lin0\itap0\pararsid2981536 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid13724789\charrsid2981536 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2981536 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13724789\charrsid2981536 Clearly the defendant\rquote s evidence on this point offends against the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10028385\charrsid2981536 parol}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13724789\charrsid2981536 evidence rule. This rule is to the effect that evidence cannot be admitted (or that even if admitted, it cannot be used) to add, vary or contra}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3346495\charrsid2981536 di}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13724789\charrsid2981536 ct a written instrument. In relation to contracts, the rule means that where a contract has been reduced to writing, neither party can rely on evidence of terms alleged to have been agreed, which is extrinsic document, i.e. not contained in it. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10772872\charrsid2981536 \par Now if the white page for the 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid10772872\charrsid2981536 nd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10772872\charrsid2981536 Plot was missing, why would an agreement be concluded in respect of it as well? \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10487097\charrsid2981536 \par I have addressed my mind to the nature of the plaintiff\rquote s claim. It is for money had and received. My understanding of the law is that money which is paid by one person which rightfully belongs to another, as where money is paid by X to Y on a consideration which has wholly failed, is said to be money had and received by Y to the use of X. Such money is recoverable through an action by X.

\par \par The payment creates a quasi-contract, an obligation not arising by, but similar to contract. It is rooted }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid940207\charrsid2981536 in a quasi-contract on the footing of an implied promise to pay it back. It is applicable where the defendant has received money, as in the instant cas e, which in justice and equity, belongs to the plaintiff under circumstances which render the receipt of it by the defendant a receipt to the use of the plaintiff.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10487097\charrsid2981536 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2981536 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid940207\charrsid2981536 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid940207\charrsid2981536 : }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\ul\insrsid940207\charrsid2981536 Dr. James Kashugyera Tumwine & Anor vs Sr. Willie Magara & Anor HCCS No. 576/2004}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid940207\charrsid2981536 (Comm ercial Court \endash unreported). \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13977063\charrsid2981536 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2981536 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13977063\charrsid2981536 Relating the above principle to the instant case, the defendant received Shs.135m from the plaintiff. The money was for purchase of land. \par \par From the evidence of PW1 Gwayambadde, he released the money to the defendant upon the defendant\rquote s insistence. He entrusted the hefty sum to him because he (the defendant) was personally known to him; he was a Consultant in land matters whom he had used before; and, he was a lawyer. The defendant does not deny all these attributes. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15476377\charrsid2981536 \par He has observed, quite correctly in my view, that Kampala is full of con men. In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\ul\insrsid15476377\charrsid2981536 Terrene Ltd vs Nelson [1937] 3 ALL E. R. 739}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15476377\charrsid2981536 , Farwell, J. at p. 744 stated: \par \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li851\ri851\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin851\lin851\itap0\pararsid2981536 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid15476377\charrsid2981536 \'93 In the ordinary case (of a sale of real estate) a purchase}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid6052941\charrsid2981536 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid15476377\charrsid2981536 has to go for information to the vendor, but , bearing in mind the principle of caveat emptor, he is bound to make proper inquiries for himself\'85.\'85\'85\'85. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid5130053\charrsid2981536 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid15476377\charrsid2981536 When a purchase}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid6052941\charrsid2981536 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid15476377\charrsid2981536 , with a possible view of making an offer for the property, seeks information from the vendor, the vendor, of course, is bound to the best of his ability to supply him with accurate information\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid9904826\charrsid2981536 If he makes a representation either knowingly \endash and in that sense fraudulently \endash or recklessly, without caring whether the statement made is true or false, which, again amounts to a fraudulent misrepresentation in law, the purchase}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid6052941\charrsid2981536 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid9904826\charrsid2981536 has his remedy in damages, and, in certain circumstances he may be entitled to be relieved fr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid6052941\charrsid2981536 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid9904826\charrsid2981536 m the contract into which he has entered, if it was induced }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid4603496\charrsid2981536 by such misrepresentation. On the other hand, if the repre sentations made prove to be wrong, but were made in good faith, and innocently, the purchase}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid1272908\charrsid2981536 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid4603496\charrsid2981536 has no claim to damages. \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid9904826\charrsid2981536 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2981536 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1403310\charrsid2981536 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9372519\charrsid2981536 In the instant case, whereas the plaintiff had originally identified land in Muyenga, and had been, impliedly, in touch with the vendor , his attention was shifted to the land in Munyonyo. For the Munyonyo land, he did not see the vendor because he had already gone back to the U. K. He (the plaintiff) left the matter entirely in the hands of his father, PW1 Gwayambadde. For his part, PW Gwayambadde placed the matter in the hands of the defendant. He requested him to take the necessary steps to ensure that the land documents were correct and that what was on the title was also on the ground and to ascertain ownership. From PW1 Gwayamba dde\rquote s evidence, and I have accepted it as truthful, the defendant assured him that he had made a search in the land office and found the papers properly documented thereat. He then requested the defendant, a lawyer, land consultant and relative, to prepare a Sale Agreement so that the two could study it and process payment. The defendant agreed to this and requested the purported owner of the land to come to his (defendant\rquote s) office where the three (PW1 Gwayambadde, the defendant and the land owner) could meet, sign the sale agreement and PW1 have opportunity to see him first time. The meeting was to be at 12 noon. I have already indicated that the defendant who knew that the funds were already }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12464183\charrsid2981536 on PW1 Gwayambadde\rquote s account insisted that the money be wired to his (defendant\rquote s) account. PW1 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid620960\charrsid2981536 yielded}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12464183\charrsid2981536 to that demand.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9372519\charrsid2981536 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12464183\charrsid2981536 \par From the evidence of PW1 Gwayambadde also, which evidence I have found credible, the two had agreed that the defendant would ring him up when time for them to meet came. He waited for the call i n vain. Because the phone was off, he rushed to the defendant\rquote s office. The defendant was not there. He (PW1) then proceeded to Nile Bank (as it then was). On }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7882764\charrsid2981536 reaching there, he saw the defendant\rquote s car parked outside. And as he was entering the bank, the defendant was coming out. This is when the defendant told PW1 Gwayambadde that the deal was over, that the agreement had been signed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4541553\charrsid2981536 , the seller paid}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7882764\charrsid2981536 and that the documents evidencing existence of the land were there for his taking. In the end, the w hole deal turned out to be a hoax. Mr. Grayambadde who would have had the opportunity to see the purported vendor was n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13511282\charrsid2981536 ever}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7882764\charrsid2981536 availed that chance.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12464183\charrsid2981536 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5966119\charrsid2981536 \par Since the two had reportedly just clinched the deal in the Bank, the purported land owner was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15887093\charrsid2981536 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5966119\charrsid2981536 till around. As fate would have it, the defendant who was the only person known to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4219306\charrsid2981536 alleged }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5966119\charrsid2981536 con man did not show him to PW1 Gwayambadde. In all these circumstances, learned counsel for the plaintiff has submitted that either he (the defendant) conned the money with the so called vendor or he s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2565215\charrsid2981536 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5966119\charrsid2981536 t down and concocted a sale and \lquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid5966119\charrsid2981536 ate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5966119\charrsid2981536 \rquote the money. Considering the defendant\rquote s conduct right from }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4343695\charrsid2981536 inception to the end, I\rquote m unable to fault counsel\rquote s submission. The conclusion of the transaction between the two people: the defendant and the so called vendor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11158356\charrsid2981536 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4343695\charrsid2981536 to the exclusion of PW1 Gwayambadde in my view speaks volumes about the conduct of the defendant. It was not conduct of an innocent and honest man. This is regardless of the fact that the Police did not prefer }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13268588\charrsid2981536 charges against him. If P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid926889\charrsid2981536 W}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13268588\charrsid2981536 1 Gwayambadde had seen the so called vendor and he (the so called vendor) had turned out to be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14826914\charrsid2981536 a crook after all, one would be inclined to the view that the defendant may have also fallen prey to the con man. He (PW1) did not see him throughout the purported negotiations. The defendant simply shielded the con man, if any, from him.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5966119\charrsid2981536 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14826914\charrsid2981536 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2192883\charrsid2981536 The defendant also claims that he received a certified copy of the alleged vendor\rquote s Certificate of Title from the Land office. He claims further that he gave a copy to PW1 Gwayambadde. PW1 denies it. He contends that all he got from the defendant are the copies which he forwarded to his son in U. K. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14826914\charrsid2981536 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1376935\charrsid2981536 \par The defendant also claims that when Police raided his place, they took that copy. He had promised to lead Po lice evidence on this point but as the record of the proceedings shows, he did not fulfill his promise. In fact, he told a lie to court that his prospective witnesses were out of the country for a course whereas not. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8871182\charrsid2981536 \par I noted the demeanours of PW1 Gwayambadde and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5199464\charrsid2981536 D}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8871182\charrsid2981536 W1 Allan Shem Kirumira as they testified. PW1 impressed me as a truthful old man who had no axe to grind against his grand son. He sounded }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9112029\charrsid2981536 a truthful and credible witness. On the contrary, the defendant was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11158356\charrsid2981536 irrita}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9112029\charrsid2981536 ble and abusive. I }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15997217\charrsid2981536 hardly saw}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9112029\charrsid2981536 any grain of truth in his testimony. For the above reasons, I have come to the conclusion that the defendant was not conned as he claims. On the balance of probabilities, he merely concocted a sale agreement and converted the cash to his personal use.} {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8871182\charrsid2981536 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10901713\charrsid2981536 \par I have }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6184620\charrsid2981536 of course }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10901713\charrsid2981536 given considerable thought to his story of being conned. Even if I were to accept it, which I won\rquote t, I would still hold that his conduct fell short of conduct of a reasonably competent and diligent land consultant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2378316\charrsid2981536 and lawyer.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10901713\charrsid2981536

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2378316\charrsid2981536 \par The standard of care expected of a lawyer in such a transaction was set out in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\ul\insrsid2378316\charrsid2981536 The Insurance Company of North America vs Baerlein and James [1960] E A 993}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2378316\charrsid2981536 at 997: \par \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li851\ri851\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin851\lin851\itap0\pararsid2981536 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid2378316\charrsid2981536 \'93 Standard of care. The standard of care and skill which can be demanded from a solicitor is that of a reasonably competent and diligent solicitor. Lord Ellenborough has said: \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2981536 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid2378316\charrsid2981536 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li851\ri851\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin851\lin851\itap0\pararsid2981536 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid2378316\charrsid2981536 \lquote An Attorney is only liable for crassa negligentia.\rquote \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2981536 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid2378316\charrsid2981536 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li851\ri851\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin851\lin851\itap0\pararsid2981536 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid2378316\charrsid2981536 Again, Lord Campbell in discussing the essential elements to sustain an action for negligence has said: \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2981536 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid2378316\charrsid2981536 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li851\ri851\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin851\lin851\itap0\pararsid2981536 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid6162457\charrsid2981536 \lquote W}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid2378316\charrsid2981536 hat is necessary to maintain such an action? Most undoubtedly that the professional adviser should be guilty of some misconduct, some fraudulent proceeding, or should be chargeable with gross negligence or with gross ignorance. It is only upon one or other of those ground s that the client can maintain an action against the professional advis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid5862772\charrsid2981536 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid2378316\charrsid2981536 r.\rquote \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri851\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin851\lin0\itap0\pararsid2981536 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid3569881\charrsid2981536 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li851\ri851\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin851\lin851\itap0\pararsid2981536 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid3569881\charrsid2981536 This, however, does not mean that the standard of care imposed upon a solicitor is below that imposed on other professional men; it only means that it is not enough to prove that the solicitor had made an error of judgment or shown ignorance of some}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid9185359\charrsid2981536 particular part of the law, but it must be shown that the error or ignorance was such that an ordinary competent }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid6103839\charrsid2981536 solicitor would not have made or shown it. It would be extremely difficu lt to define the exact limit by which the skill and diligence which appears to satisfy his undertaking, and that crassa negligentia or lata culpa mentioned in some of the cases, for which he is undoubtedly responsible. It is a question of degree and ther e is a border land within which it is difficult to say whether a breach of duty has or has not been committed.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid3569881\charrsid2981536 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2981536 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6103839\charrsid2981536 \par The above is an extract from CHARLESWORTH ON NEGLIGENCE, Third Edition. \par \par It illustrates a lawyer\rquote s duty of care to a client. I agree with it. Relating it to the instant case, even if I were to accept the defendant\rquote s explanation that the money was paid out to one Alex Rusita who turned out to be a con man, surely the act of releasing Shs.100,000,000= in cash and not a cheque that could easily hav e been countermanded in case of a problem as herein, to a person he did not know prior to the transaction and in the absence of any witness}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13199791\charrsid2981536 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6103839\charrsid2981536 is indefensible. It was an act of gross negligence and/or gross ignorance which an ordinary competent lawyer would not have done or exhibited}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid263446\charrsid2981536 , especially so since}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6103839\charrsid2981536 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12917255\charrsid2981536 PW1 Gwayambadde had requested that he be present when the money was being paid out so that he sees the vendor\rquote s identity. He (PW1) cannot be said to have contributed to the problem when }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid221978\charrsid2981536 to date }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12917255\charrsid2981536 the Buyer\rquote s part on the purported Sale Agreement is blank and the only signatories to it were the so called vendor and the defendant as a witness.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6103839\charrsid2981536 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12917255\charrsid2981536 \par I have taken note of the defendant\rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15091893\charrsid2981536 optimism }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12917255\charrsid2981536 that one day he will get the person who conned him. If he ever gets him, he will be at liberty to recover the booty from him. However, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6229875\charrsid2981536 in as far as the plaintiff is concerned, the person who defrauded him was the defendant. The consideration for which he had been advanced money wholly failed when the transaction flopped. The defendant received money which in justice and equity belonged to the plaintiff. The plaintiff is therefore not in any way precluded from recovering the amount from him as money had and received by him for the use of the plaintiff.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12917255\charrsid2981536 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6229875\charrsid2981536 \par I would answer the first issue in the affirmative and I do so. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9981402\charrsid2981536 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid9981402\charrsid2981536 Issue No. 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9981402\charrsid2981536 : }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9981402\charrsid2981536 Remedies, if any. \par \par Having resolved the first issue in the affirmative, it follows therefore that the plaintiff is entitled to the remedies prayed in the plaint. The remedies include payment to him of Shs.100,000,000/= since Shs.35,000,000/= was restored to him by the Police. For the reasons advanced above, the said amount is decreed to him. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9007946\charrsid2981536 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9981402\charrsid2981536 He has also prayed for interest on the decretal sum at a commercial rate. The justice of the case demands }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11158088\charrsid2981536 that I decree interest to the plaintiff on the decretal sum at court rate rather than commercial from the date of filing the suit till payment in full.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9981402\charrsid2981536 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11158088\charrsid2981536 \par The plaintiff shall also have the costs of the suit. \par \par Orders accordingly. \par \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11158088\charrsid2981536 Yorokamu Bamwine \par JUDGE \par 12/10/2009 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid8608977\charrsid2981536 \par 12/10/09 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8608977\charrsid2981536 Kangaho Edward for plaintiff \par Defendant absent \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid8608977\charrsid2981536 Court: \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8608977\charrsid2981536 Judgment delivered. \par \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 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