F.L Kaderbhai & Anor. Vs.Shamsherali Zaver Virji [2010] UGSC 20 (9 December 2010)

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)}}{\*\pnseclvl8 \pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2444599 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\f47\insrsid2444599\charrsid4618258 THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA \par \par IN THE SUPREME COURT OF UGANDA \par AT KAMPALA \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2444599 {\b\f47\insrsid14570232\charrsid4618258 \par (CORAM:\tab ODOKI, CJ}{\b\f47\insrsid6427482\charrsid4618258 ; TSEKOOKO;}{\b\f47\insrsid14570232\charrsid4618258 KATUREEBE; TUMWESIGYE; KISAAKYE; JJSC}{\f47\insrsid14570232\charrsid4618258 .)}{\f47\insrsid2444599\charrsid4618258 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2444599 {\f47\insrsid2444599\charrsid4618258 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2444599 {\b\f47\insrsid2444599\charrsid4618258 CIVIL APPEAL NO. 10 OF 2008 \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s15 \b\loch\af47\hich\af47\dbch\af0\insrsid2444599\charrsid4618258 \hich\af47\dbch\af0\loch\f47 1.\tab}}\pard\plain \s15\ql \fi-360\li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2444599 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\f47\insrsid2444599\charrsid4618258 F. L KADERBHAI \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s15 \b\loch\af47\hich\af47\dbch\af0\insrsid2444599\charrsid4618258 \hich\af47\dbch\af0\loch\f47 2.\tab}N. H VAL}{\b\f47\insrsid5397931\charrsid4618258 I}{\b\f47\insrsid2444599\charrsid4618258 JI}{\b\f47\insrsid7020960\charrsid4618258 }{\b\f47\insrsid2444599\charrsid4618258 ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: APPELLANTS \par }\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2444599 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\f47\insrsid2444599\charrsid4618258 \par VERSUS \par \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2444599 {\b\f47\insrsid2444599\charrsid4618258 SHAMSHERALI ZAVER VIRJI :::::::::::::: RESPONDENT \par }{\b\f47\insrsid13977217\charrsid4618258 \par }{\b\i\f47\insrsid12933533\charrsid4618258 (An appeal}{\b\i\f47\insrsid14570232\charrsid4618258 from}{\b\i\f47\insrsid12933533\charrsid4618258 the judgment of the Court of Appeal at Kampala (Before }{\b\i\f47\insrsid14570232\charrsid4618258 Mpagi-Bahigeine, Kitumba, Byamugisha, JJA}{\b\i\f47\insrsid12933533\charrsid4618258 ) Civil Appeal No. 10 of 2008 dated 12}{\b\i\f47\super\insrsid12933533\charrsid4618258 th}{\b\i\f47\insrsid12933533\charrsid4618258 November 2007)}{ \b\i\f47\insrsid14570232\charrsid4618258 \par }{\b\f47\insrsid12933533\charrsid4618258 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4618258 {\b\f47\insrsid4618258\charrsid4618258 Land Law}{\f47\insrsid15221833\charrsid4618258 \endash }{\b\f47\insrsid15221833\charrsid4618258 powers of Attorney}{ \f47\insrsid15221833\charrsid4618258 \endash conflict of laws \endash whether the absence of express choice of law clause in the powers or in the agreement it means there }{\f47\insrsid4618258\charrsid4618258 Land }{ \f47\insrsid15221833\charrsid4618258 is conflict of laws. }{\f47\insrsid12933533\charrsid4618258 \par }{\b\f47\insrsid4618258\charrsid4618258 Conflict of laws}{\f47\insrsid4618258 - }{\f47\insrsid15221833\charrsid4618258 Whether if the property is situate in Uganda, in the event of conflict of la}{\f47\insrsid3162246\charrsid4618258 ws, the law applicable is}{\f47\insrsid15221833\charrsid4618258 the law of Uganda. \par }{\b\f47\insrsid4618258\charrsid4618258 Tenants for life}{\f47\insrsid4618258 - }{\f47\insrsid3162246\charrsid4618258 Whether the Powers}{\f47\insrsid216275\charrsid4618258 of a ten}{\f47\insrsid3162246\charrsid4618258 ant for life under the settled L}{ \f47\insrsid216275\charrsid4618258 and Act gives a done}{\f47\insrsid3162246\charrsid4618258 e}{\f47\insrsid216275\charrsid4618258 powers}{\f47\insrsid3162246\charrsid4618258 to sale \endash whether the Settled L}{\f47\insrsid216275\charrsid4618258 and Act 1925}{\f47\insrsid3162246\charrsid4618258 referred to in this case }{\f47\insrsid216275\charrsid4618258 is that of UK. \par }{\b\f47\insrsid216275\charrsid4618258 Grounds of appeal}{\f47\insrsid216275\charrsid4618258 \endash whether court can pronounce itself on ground}{\f47\insrsid3162246\charrsid4618258 s}{\f47\insrsid216275\charrsid4618258 of appeal not submitted on or raised by counsel}{\f47\insrsid3162246\charrsid4618258 .}{\f47\insrsid216275\charrsid4618258 \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13977217 {\f47\insrsid216275\charrsid4618258 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3162246 {\f47\insrsid3162246\charrsid4618258 The}{\f47\insrsid216275\charrsid4618258 main suit in this appeal was dismissed and the counterclaim allowed. On appeal the Court of appeal reversed the judgment and orders of the }{\f47\insrsid14157316\charrsid4618258 lower}{\f47\insrsid216275\charrsid4618258 court hence this appeal. The 1}{ \f47\super\insrsid216275\charrsid4618258 st}{\f47\insrsid216275\charrsid4618258 , 2}{\f47\super\insrsid216275\charrsid4618258 nd}{\f47\insrsid216275\charrsid4618258 appellants and a one Gulamabhai Kapacee were tenants in common. On 2/6/1992 the 1}{ \f47\super\insrsid216275\charrsid4618258 st}{\f47\insrsid216275\charrsid4618258 appellant executed powers of Attorney appointing the respondents to }{\f47\insrsid14157316\charrsid4618258 reposes the suit property on his}{ \f47\insrsid216275\charrsid4618258 }{\f47\insrsid4618258\charrsid4618258 behalf under}{\f47\insrsid14157316\charrsid4618258 the Expropriated Properties Act 1982. The respondent successfully reposed the property.}{\f47\insrsid216275\charrsid4618258

\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13977217 {\f47\insrsid3162246\charrsid4618258 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3162246 {\f47\insrsid14157316\charrsid4618258 In 1994 the 1}{\f47\super\insrsid14157316\charrsid4618258 st}{\f47\insrsid14157316\charrsid4618258 & 2}{ \f47\super\insrsid14157316\charrsid4618258 nd}{\f47\insrsid14157316\charrsid4618258 appellant}{\f47\insrsid3162246\charrsid4618258 s}{\f47\insrsid14157316\charrsid4618258 each executed powers of }{\f47\insrsid13186960\charrsid4618258 attorney}{ \f47\insrsid14157316\charrsid4618258 in }{\f47\insrsid13186960\charrsid4618258 favor}{\f47\insrsid3162246\charrsid4618258 of Shabeer Kapacee}{\f47\insrsid14157316\charrsid4618258 to manage their interests in the suit property. The two powers of Attorney}{\f47\insrsid601175\charrsid4618258 }{\f47\insrsid3162246\charrsid4618258 executed }{\f47\insrsid601175\charrsid4618258 in }{\f47\insrsid16140707\charrsid4618258 favor}{ \f47\insrsid601175\charrsid4618258 of Shabeer}{\f47\insrsid3162246\charrsid4618258 were identical}{\f47\insrsid601175\charrsid4618258 in their terms. }{\f47\insrsid14157316\charrsid4618258 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid601175 {\f47\insrsid3162246\charrsid4618258 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4618258 {\f47\insrsid601175\charrsid4618258 On 26/5/1994 GulambhascRajbhai Kapacee by a power of Attorney appointed Shabeer Kapacee to}{ \f47\insrsid13186960\charrsid4618258 }{\f47\insrsid601175\charrsid4618258 manage his affairs in Uganda including his interests in the suit property. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3162246 {\f47\insrsid11236345\charrsid4618258 On 27}{\f47\super\insrsid11236345\charrsid4618258 th}{\f47\insrsid11236345\charrsid4618258 /5/1994 Shabeer Kapacee & the respondent signed a memorandum of agreement }{\f47\insrsid10097125\charrsid4618258 for the sale of the suit property}{\f47\insrsid13186960\charrsid4618258 to the respondent. In the memorandum Shabeer st ated he was selling on behalf of the appellants and Gulamabhas Rajbhai}{\f47\insrsid3162246\charrsid4618258 Kapacee by virtue of powers of }{\f47\insrsid13186960\charrsid4618258 attorney.}{\f47\insrsid11236345\charrsid4618258 \par }{\f47\insrsid3162246\charrsid4618258 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4618258 {\f47\insrsid13186960\charrsid4618258 The respondents however, failed to deliver the transfer documents on the basis that }{ \f47\insrsid16140707\charrsid4618258 the powers given to Shabeer Kapacee did not include powers to sell. Failing to recover the deposit of the $55,000 the respondent sued the 1}{\f47\super\insrsid16140707\charrsid4618258 st}{ \f47\insrsid16140707\charrsid4618258 & 2}{\f47\super\insrsid16140707\charrsid4618258 nd}{\f47\insrsid16140707\charrsid4618258 appellants, Gulamabhas Rajbhai Kapacee. The appeal was dismissed with costs.}{\f47\insrsid13186960\charrsid4618258 \par }{\f47\insrsid4618258\charrsid4618258 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13977217 {\b\f47\ul\insrsid13977217\charrsid4618258 JUDGMENT OF TUMWESIGYE, JSC \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\insrsid7091703\charrsid4618258 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2444599 {\f47\insrsid2444599\charrsid4618258 This appeal arises from the decision of the Court of Appeal given on 12}{ \f47\super\insrsid2444599\charrsid4618258 th}{\f47\insrsid2444599\charrsid4618258 November 2007 in favour of Shamsherali Zaver Virji (the respondent). It originates from a suit which the respondent filed in the High }{ \f47\insrsid12873213\charrsid4618258 C}{\f47\insrsid2444599\charrsid4618258 ourt against F. L Kadherbhai and N. H. Val}{\f47\insrsid5397931\charrsid4618258 i}{\f47\insrsid2444599\charrsid4618258 ji (the 1}{\f47\super\insrsid2444599\charrsid4618258 st}{ \f47\insrsid2444599\charrsid4618258 and 2}{\f47\super\insrsid2444599\charrsid4618258 nd}{\f47\insrsid2444599\charrsid4618258 respondents respectively) and two other people f or breach of a memorandum of agreement for sale of property (herein referred to as \'93the suit property\'94). \par \par The trial judge, Ntabgoba, PJ, }{\f47\insrsid7020960\charrsid4618258 dismissed}{\f47\insrsid3952488\charrsid4618258 the suit and allowed a counter}{\f47\insrsid7020960\charrsid4618258 claim}{\f47\insrsid14422908\charrsid4618258 which the appellants had filed against the respondent. On appeal by the respondent to the Court of Appeal, that court allowed the appeal and reversed the judgment and orders of the trial judge.}{\f47\insrsid2444599\charrsid4618258 \par }{\f47\insrsid14422908\charrsid4618258 \par }{\b\f47\insrsid14422908\charrsid4618258 Background. \par }{\f47\insrsid14422908\charrsid4618258 A brief background to this appeal is that the 1}{\f47\super\insrsid14422908\charrsid4618258 st}{\f47\insrsid14422908\charrsid4618258 and 2}{\f47\super\insrsid14422908\charrsid4618258 nd}{ \f47\insrsid14422908\charrsid4618258 appellants together with }{\f47\insrsid12933533\charrsid4618258 one }{\f47\insrsid14422908\charrsid4618258 Gulam}{\f47\insrsid5397931\charrsid4618258 a}{\f47\insrsid14422908\charrsid4618258 bbas Ra}{ \f47\insrsid1140285\charrsid4618258 jbhai Kapacee owned as tenants }{\f47\insrsid14422908\charrsid4618258 in}{\f47\insrsid1140285\charrsid4618258 }{\f47\insrsid14422908\charrsid4618258 common property comprised in Leasehold Register Volume 621 Folio 3 Plot 25 Nasser Road, Kampala. \par \par On 2}{\f47\super\insrsid14422908\charrsid4618258 nd}{\f47\insrsid14422908\charrsid4618258 June 1992}{\f47\insrsid3952488\charrsid4618258 ,}{\f47\insrsid14422908\charrsid4618258 the 1}{\f47\super\insrsid14422908\charrsid4618258 st}{ \f47\insrsid14422908\charrsid4618258 appellant executed a Power of Attorney appointing the respondent to repossess}{\f47\insrsid1140285\charrsid4618258 on his behalf}{\f47\insrsid14422908\charrsid4618258 the suit property from the G overnment under the Expropriated Properties Act}{\f47\insrsid1140285\charrsid4618258 1982}{\f47\insrsid14422908\charrsid4618258 . The respondent successfully repossessed the suit property but he was also desirous of purchasing }{ \f47\insrsid1140285\charrsid4618258 it }{\f47\insrsid14422908\charrsid4618258 from its owners. \par \par On 9}{\f47\super\insrsid14422908\charrsid4618258 th}{\f47\insrsid14422908\charrsid4618258 May 1994 the 1}{\f47\super\insrsid14422908\charrsid4618258 st}{\f47\insrsid14422908\charrsid4618258 appellant and the 2}{ \f47\super\insrsid14422908\charrsid4618258 nd}{\f47\insrsid14422908\charrsid4618258 appellant }{\f47\insrsid1140285\charrsid4618258 each }{\f47\insrsid14422908\charrsid4618258 executed }{\f47\insrsid5529713\charrsid4618258 a P}{ \f47\insrsid1140285\charrsid4618258 ower}{\f47\insrsid5529713\charrsid4618258 of A}{\f47\insrsid14422908\charrsid4618258 ttorney in favour of }{\f47\insrsid5529713\charrsid4618258 one }{\f47\insrsid14422908\charrsid4618258 Shabeer Kapacee to, among other things}{\f47\insrsid1140285\charrsid4618258 ,}{\f47\insrsid14422908\charrsid4618258 manage their interests in the suit property. The two powers }{\f47\insrsid1140285\charrsid4618258 executed }{ \f47\insrsid5529713\charrsid4618258 in favour of Shab}{\f47\insrsid14422908\charrsid4618258 eer Kapacee were identical in their terms. \par }{\f47\insrsid8340075\charrsid4618258 \par On 26}{\f47\super\insrsid8340075\charrsid4618258 th}{\f47\insrsid8340075\charrsid4618258 May 1994 Gulambbas R}{\f47\insrsid5529713\charrsid4618258 ajbhai Kapacee}{\f47\insrsid8340075\charrsid4618258 }{\f47\insrsid12933533\charrsid4618258 by a Power of Attorney }{\f47\insrsid8340075\charrsid4618258 also appointed Shabeer Kapacee to manage his affairs in Uganda including his interest in the suit property. \par }{\f47\insrsid1140285\charrsid4618258 \par }{\f47\insrsid8340075\charrsid4618258 On 27}{\f47\super\insrsid8340075\charrsid4618258 th}{\f47\insrsid8340075\charrsid4618258 May 1994 Shabeer Kapacee and the respondent signed a memorandum of agreement for the sale of the suit property to the respondent. Shabeer Kapacee stated }{\f47\insrsid1140285\charrsid4618258 i}{\f47\insrsid8340075\charrsid4618258 n the memorandum of sale }{\f47\insrsid1140285\charrsid4618258 that he was signing it}{\f47\insrsid8340075\charrsid4618258 on behalf of the 1}{\f47\super\insrsid8340075\charrsid4618258 st}{\f47\insrsid8340075\charrsid4618258 and the 2}{ \f47\super\insrsid8340075\charrsid4618258 nd}{\f47\insrsid8340075\charrsid4618258 appellants, and Gulam}{\f47\insrsid5397931\charrsid4618258 a}{\f47\insrsid8340075\charrsid4618258 bbas Rajbhai Kapacee}{\f47\insrsid5397931\charrsid4618258 ,}{ \f47\insrsid8340075\charrsid4618258 by virtue of the Powers of Attorney they }{\f47\insrsid5256821\charrsid4618258 executed in his favour}{\f47\insrsid8340075\charrsid4618258 . \par \par The memorandum of sale included the following terms: the purchaser was to pay US $ 110,000 }{\f47\insrsid1140285\charrsid4618258 to the vendors }{\f47\insrsid8340075\charrsid4618258 as the purchase price of the suit property. US $ 55,000 was to be paid on execution of the memorandum of sale and the balance of US $ 55,000 was to be paid after the }{\f47\insrsid5397931\charrsid4618258 vendors}{\f47\insrsid8340075\charrsid4618258 had obtained and delivered to the purchaser all the necessary documents including duly executed transfer papers. Breach of the covenants in the memorandum of }{\f47\insrsid5397931\charrsid4618258 agreement}{\f47\insrsid8340075\charrsid4618258 would result in payment of US $ 20,000 as liquidated damages to the innocent party. \par }{\f47\insrsid7419788\charrsid4618258 \par The respondent paid the first installment of US $ 55,000 on execution of the memorandum of sale. }{\f47\insrsid5397931\charrsid4618258 H}{\f47\insrsid7419788\charrsid4618258 owever, the appellants }{\f47\insrsid5397931\charrsid4618258 did }{ \f47\insrsid12791713\charrsid4618258 not}{\f47\insrsid5256821\charrsid4618258 }{\f47\insrsid6427482\charrsid4618258 later give}{\f47\insrsid7419788\charrsid4618258 him}{\f47\insrsid5397931\charrsid4618258 the documents mentioned in the memorandum of sale}{\f47\insrsid7419788\charrsid4618258 . They based their refusal }{\f47\insrsid12791713\charrsid4618258 to do so }{\f47\insrsid7419788\charrsid4618258 on several grounds but the ground relevant to this a ppeal is }{\f47\insrsid5529713\charrsid4618258 their claim }{\f47\insrsid7419788\charrsid4618258 that the }{\f47\insrsid12791713\charrsid4618258 P}{\f47\insrsid10103240\charrsid4618258 owers}{\f47\insrsid7419788\charrsid4618258 of }{ \f47\insrsid12791713\charrsid4618258 A}{\f47\insrsid7419788\charrsid4618258 ttorney by which }{\f47\insrsid12791713\charrsid4618258 they}{\f47\insrsid7419788\charrsid4618258 appointed Shabeer Kapacee as their a}{\f47\insrsid5529713\charrsid4618258 gent}{ \f47\insrsid7419788\charrsid4618258 did not }{\f47\insrsid12791713\charrsid4618258 include}{\f47\insrsid7419788\charrsid4618258 }{\f47\insrsid12791713\charrsid4618258 power}{\f47\insrsid7419788\charrsid4618258 to sell the suit property. \par \par Failing to get the documents or the refund of US $ 55,000 the respondent filed a suit against the 1}{\f47\super\insrsid7419788\charrsid4618258 st}{\f47\insrsid7419788\charrsid4618258 and 2}{\f47\super\insrsid7419788\charrsid4618258 nd}{ \f47\insrsid7419788\charrsid4618258 appellants, Gu}{\f47\insrsid1140285\charrsid4618258 lam}{\f47\insrsid12791713\charrsid4618258 a}{\f47\insrsid1140285\charrsid4618258 bbas Rajbhai Kapacee and Shab}{\f47\insrsid7419788\charrsid4618258 eer Kapacee }{ \f47\insrsid5529713\charrsid4618258 (the agent) }{\f47\insrsid7419788\charrsid4618258 in the High Court. In his suit the respondent}{\f47\insrsid5529713\charrsid4618258 ,}{\f47\insrsid7419788\charrsid4618258 among other things}{ \f47\insrsid12791713\charrsid4618258 , claimed}{\f47\insrsid7419788\charrsid4618258 specific performance, liquidated damages of US $ 20,000 and costs of the suit. \par }{\f47\insrsid2759023\charrsid4618258 \par The appellants in their defence denied the respondent\rquote s claim and counter-claimed against the respondent general damages and other orders. The learned trial judge dismissed the respondent\rquote s suit and allowed the appellants\rquote counter-claim. Being dissatisfied with the High Court judgment the respo}{\f47\insrsid1140285\charrsid4618258 ndent appealed to the Court of A}{\f47\insrsid2759023\charrsid4618258 ppeal. The Court of Appeal allowed the appeal and reversed the judgment and orders of the trial judge. The appellants, dissatisfied with the Court of Appeal\rquote s decision, appealed to this court. \par \par The appellants filed a memorandum of appeal}{\f47\insrsid928572\charrsid4618258 with the following two grounds:}{\f47\insrsid2759023\charrsid4618258 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s15 \b\loch\af47\hich\af47\dbch\af0\insrsid928572\charrsid4618258 \hich\af47\dbch\af0\loch\f47 1.\tab}}\pard\plain \s15\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1 \widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid928572 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\f47\insrsid928572\charrsid4618258 The learned Justices of Appeal erred in law when they held, without the benefit of evidence on record or argument from counsel, that the statutory powers of the tenant for life and trustees un der the Settled Land Act 1925 (as amended) of England and Wales vested the 4}{\b\f47\super\insrsid928572\charrsid4618258 th}{\b\f47\insrsid928572\charrsid4618258 Respondent with powers of sale; and \par }\pard \s15\qj \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5529713 {\b\f47\insrsid5529713\charrsid4618258 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s15 \b\loch\af47\hich\af47\dbch\af0\insrsid928572\charrsid4618258 \hich\af47\dbch\af0\loch\f47 2.\tab}}\pard \s15\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid928572 { \b\f47\insrsid928572\charrsid4618258 The learned Justices of Appeal erred in law and fact when they construed paragraph 10 of the powers of attorney exhibited as Ex. P II and P III so as to vest powers of sale in the Respondent. \par }\pard\plain \qj \li360\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid928572 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f47\insrsid928572\charrsid4618258 \par The appellants asked the court to allow the appeal, reverse the orders of the Court of Appeal and award them the}{\f47\insrsid9840832\charrsid4618258 costs in this court and the cour}{\f47\insrsid928572\charrsid4618258 ts below. On }{ \f47\insrsid10446828\charrsid4618258 his part}{\f47\insrsid12791713\charrsid4618258 , }{\f47\insrsid928572\charrsid4618258 the respondent asked the court to dismiss the appeal with costs. \par \par In this court the appellants were represented by Mr. Kanyerezi Masembe assisted by Mr. Chris Luwaga. The respondent was represented by Mr. Kandeebe Ntambirweki. The appellants and the respondent both filed written submissions.}{ \f47\insrsid13979947\charrsid4618258 \par }{\b\f47\insrsid9840832\charrsid4618258 \par Counsel\rquote s Submissions}{\b\f47\insrsid13979947\charrsid4618258 \par }{\f47\insrsid1140285\charrsid4618258 In }{\f47\insrsid9840832\charrsid4618258 his}{\f47\insrsid1140285\charrsid4618258 submissions l}{\f47\insrsid13979947\charrsid4618258 earned counsel for the appellants dropped ground two of the memorandum of appeal and submitted on ground one alone. }{\f47\insrsid9840832\charrsid4618258 He}{\f47\insrsid13979947\charrsid4618258 argued that the}{\f47\insrsid9840832\charrsid4618258 two}{ \f47\insrsid13979947\charrsid4618258 Powers of Attorney }{\f47\insrsid9840832\charrsid4618258 (}{\f47\insrsid13979947\charrsid4618258 Exhibits P2}{\f47\insrsid928572\charrsid4618258 }{\f47\insrsid1140285\charrsid4618258 and P3}{ \f47\insrsid9840832\charrsid4618258 )}{\f47\insrsid1140285\charrsid4618258 did not grant Shabeer K}{\f47\insrsid13979947\charrsid4618258 apacee power to sell the suit property as the learned Justices of Appeal had found.}{ \f47\insrsid928572\charrsid4618258 \par }{\f47\insrsid13979947\charrsid4618258 \par }{\f47\insrsid9840832\charrsid4618258 Counsel s}{\f47\insrsid13979947\charrsid4618258 ubmitted that the learned Justices of the Court of Appeal erred to apply the Settled Land A}{\f47\insrsid1140285\charrsid4618258 ct 1925 (as amended) of United K}{ \f47\insrsid13979947\charrsid4618258 ingdom as \'93The Settl}{\f47\insrsid1140285\charrsid4618258 ed Land Act 1925\'94 mentioned in C}{\f47\insrsid13979947\charrsid4618258 lause 9}{\f47\insrsid12791713\charrsid4618258 (which had been mistakenly cited by the Court of Appeal as Clause 10)}{\f47\insrsid13979947\charrsid4618258 of the said Powers of Attorney. There was no reference made to English law or the word \'93England\'94 or \'93United Kingdom\'94 in clause 9 or in the said Powers of Attorney generally, }{\f47\insrsid9840832\charrsid4618258 he }{\f47\insrsid13979947\charrsid4618258 argued. \par \par Learned Counsel }{\f47\insrsid9840832\charrsid4618258 contend}{\f47\insrsid13979947\charrsid4618258 ed that since there was no express choice of law clause in the said Powers of Attorney or in the memorandum of Agreement, it mean}{ \f47\insrsid12791713\charrsid4618258 s that there was a conflict of l}{\f47\insrsid13979947\charrsid4618258 aws and, therefore, the law to be applied is the law of Uganda where the suit prope}{\f47\insrsid1140285\charrsid4618258 rty is situate. As there is no S}{\f47\insrsid13979947\charrsid4618258 ettled Land Act 1925 in }{\f47\insrsid6315434\charrsid4618258 the laws of }{\f47\insrsid13979947\charrsid4618258 Uganda it follows that clause 9 in the said Powers of Attorney is redundant and meaningless and it should be disregarded, }{\f47\insrsid9840832\charrsid4618258 he}{\f47\insrsid13979947\charrsid4618258 argued. \par \par }{\f47\insrsid9840832\charrsid4618258 Counsel}{\f47\insrsid13979947\charrsid4618258 argued further that even if it were to be held that the reference to the Settled Land Act 1925 was a reference to an Act of }{\f47\insrsid9840832\charrsid4618258 the }{ \f47\insrsid13979947\charrsid4618258 United Kingdom, still the respondent would be required to prove the content of that Act by calling an expert practitioner in English law or by refere nce to a book published under the authority of the United Kingdom Government or to an }{\f47\insrsid11368601\charrsid4618258 authorized English law report with reference to those powers, all of which the respondent did not do.}{ \f47\insrsid13979947\charrsid4618258 \par }{\f47\insrsid11368601\charrsid4618258 \par Learned counsel for the appellants argued further that even assuming that the Settled Land Act 1925 was that of }{\f47\insrsid9840832\charrsid4618258 the }{\f47\insrsid11368601\charrsid4618258 United Kingdom and that it had been properly proved, it would still be inapplicable to the suit property as the suit property is not settled land. Therefore, }{\f47\insrsid9840832\charrsid4618258 he concluded}{\f47\insrsid11368601\charrsid4618258 , the Court of Appeal erred in interpreting Clause 9 of the Powers of Attorney as giving Shabeer Kapacee powers to sell the suit property. \par \par Mr. Ntambirweki Kandeebe, learned counsel for the respondent argued that it was not in dispute that the learned trial judge made a mistake by quoting a wrong exhibit in place of Exhibit P2. The learned Principal Judge\rquote s finding was that Exhibit P1 and Exhibit P3 authorized sale. Clause 9 of Exhibit P3 was in pari}{\f47\insrsid5839986\charrsid4618258 }{\f47\insrsid11368601\charrsid4618258 m}{\f47\insrsid5839986\charrsid4618258 a}{\f47\insrsid11368601\charrsid4618258 teria with that of Exhibit P2. Therefore, it follows that }{\f47\insrsid5839986\charrsid4618258 the trial judge, but for the mistake he made, would have found that all the three powers of attorney granted Shabeer Kapacee power of sale. The}{ \f47\insrsid11368601\charrsid4618258 findings of the Court of Appeal on the Settled Land Act was}{\f47\insrsid5839986\charrsid4618258 therefore,}{\f47\insrsid11368601\charrsid4618258 \'93for avoidance of doubt but superfluous\'94, lea}{ \f47\insrsid5839986\charrsid4618258 r}{\f47\insrsid11368601\charrsid4618258 ned counsel argued. \par \par He argued that the appellants did not cross-appeal on the findings of the trial judge on Exhibit P3 and the appellants could not fault the Court of Appeal on a finding that they did not ask the Court of Appeal to overturn by way of cross-appeal}{ \f47\insrsid10041509\charrsid4618258 . \par \par Learned counsel argued further that Clause 9 of the Powers of Attorney }{\f47\insrsid5256821\charrsid4618258 (}{\f47\insrsid10041509\charrsid4618258 Exhibits P2 and P3}{\f47\insrsid5256821\charrsid4618258 )}{\f47\insrsid10041509\charrsid4618258 gave }{ \f47\insrsid5839986\charrsid4618258 Shabeer Kapacee}{\f47\insrsid10041509\charrsid4618258 powers of a tenant for life under the Settled Land Act. Exhibits P2 and P3 show that the appellants were}{\f47\insrsid11368601\charrsid4618258 }{ \f47\insrsid5839986\charrsid4618258 resident in E}{\f47\insrsid9840832\charrsid4618258 ngland where they executed the Powers of A}{\f47\insrsid5839986\charrsid4618258 ttorney. Therefore, he argued}{\f47\insrsid12791713\charrsid4618258 ,}{ \f47\insrsid5839986\charrsid4618258 the Settled Land Act 1925 must be that of England where the donors resided and if that law was of a different country, the appellants should have stated so sin}{\f47\insrsid9840832\charrsid4618258 ce they are the authors of the Powers of A}{\f47\insrsid5839986\charrsid4618258 ttorney. \par \par The Court of Appeal was right to hold that powers of a tenant for life under the Settled Land Act 1925 include powers of sale and that this law vested Shabeer Kapacee with powers of sale, learned counsel submitted. \par \par }\pard \qj \fi360\li360\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid10773776 {\b\f47\ul\insrsid9840832\charrsid4618258 Consideration of Issues}{\b\f47\ul\insrsid5839986\charrsid4618258 \par }{\f47\insrsid5256821\charrsid4618258 Learned counsel for the appell ants in his written submissions raised a number of issues derived from the only ground of appeal the appellants retained after dropping the second one. I will now proceed to consider them and then finally consider one issue (as issue No. 5) which was canv assed by learned counsel for the respondent in his written submissions.}{\f47\insrsid13304062\charrsid4618258 \par }{\f47\insrsid5256821\charrsid4618258 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s15 \b\loch\af47\hich\af47\dbch\af0\insrsid10773776\charrsid4618258 \hich\af47\dbch\af0\loch\f47 1.\tab}}\pard\plain \s15\qj \fi-360\li927\ri0\sl360\slmult1 \widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\adjustright\rin0\lin927\itap0\pararsid10773776 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\f47\insrsid10773776\charrsid4618258 Whether the Settled Land Act 1925 is of the United Kingdom. \par }\pard \s15\qj \li927\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin927\itap0\pararsid13304062 {\b\f47\insrsid13304062\charrsid4618258 \par }\pard\plain \qj \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773776 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f47\insrsid5901415\charrsid4618258 The paramount issue in this appeal is whether the l}{\f47\insrsid6315434\charrsid4618258 earned Justices of Appeal erre}{\f47\insrsid5901415\charrsid4618258 d by holding that Clause 9 (which was mist akenly referred to in the Court of Appeal judgment as Clause 10) of the 1}{\f47\super\insrsid5901415\charrsid4618258 st}{\f47\insrsid5901415\charrsid4618258 and 2}{\f47\super\insrsid5901415\charrsid4618258 nd}{\f47\insrsid5901415\charrsid4618258 appellants\rquote Powers of Attorney (Exhibits P2 and P3) vested Shabeer Kapacee with power to sell the suit property.}{\f47\insrsid9840832\charrsid4618258 This, however, depends in part on whether }{\f47\insrsid5256821\charrsid4618258 or not }{ \f47\insrsid9840832\charrsid4618258 the }{\f47\insrsid5256821\charrsid4618258 Settled }{\f47\insrsid9840832\charrsid4618258 Land 1925 is}{\f47\insrsid13977217\charrsid4618258 that}{\f47\insrsid9840832\charrsid4618258 of the United Kingdom. }{ \f47\insrsid5901757\charrsid4618258 \par }\pard \qj \li360\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid15498994 {\f47\insrsid5901415\charrsid4618258 \par }\pard \qj \fi360\li360\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid10773776 {\f47\insrsid5901415\charrsid4618258 Clause 9 of Ex}{\f47\insrsid10773776\charrsid4618258 hibits 2 and 3 states}{ \f47\insrsid5901415\charrsid4618258 : \par }\pard \qj \li360\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid15498994 {\f47\insrsid3290143\charrsid4618258 \'93}{\b\f47\insrsid5901415\charrsid4618258 In regard to land generally and without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing powers to exercise all powers which are by the Settled Land Act 1925 (as amended) conferred o}{\b\f47\insrsid9840832\charrsid4618258 n a tenant for life and on the }{ \b\f47\insrsid5901415\charrsid4618258 life}{\b\f47\insrsid10773776\charrsid4618258 and }{\b\f47\insrsid9840832\charrsid4618258 (}{\b\f47\insrsid10773776\charrsid4618258 sic}{\b\f47\insrsid9840832\charrsid4618258 )}{\b\f47\insrsid3290143\charrsid4618258 trustees of the settlement}{\f47\insrsid3290143\charrsid4618258 .\'94}{\f47\insrsid5901415\charrsid4618258 \par }{\f47\insrsid3290143\charrsid4618258 \par The learned Justices of Appeal }{\f47\insrsid10773776\charrsid4618258 foun}{\f47\insrsid3290143\charrsid4618258 d that the above-quoted c}{\f47\insrsid13977217\charrsid4618258 lause conferred powers of sale }{\f47\insrsid3290143\charrsid4618258 o}{ \f47\insrsid13977217\charrsid4618258 n}{\f47\insrsid3290143\charrsid4618258 Shabeer Kapacee. In her lead judgment }{\f47\insrsid10773776\charrsid4618258 Mpagi-Bahi}{\f47\insrsid5198158\charrsid4618258 geine, JA}{\f47\insrsid10773776\charrsid4618258 ,}{ \f47\insrsid5198158\charrsid4618258 stated: \'93}{\b\f47\insrsid5198158\charrsid4618258 It is trite that wide powers of sale are conferred by this Act \endash see Ss 38 and 72 of the Settled Land Act 1925. These powers may be extended but not curtailed, ousted or hampered in any way. The powers are so wide that they have even removed the necessity of inserting express powers of sale and exchange. \lquote A tenant for life is king of the castle\rquote see Law of Trusts, 2}{\b\f47\super\insrsid5198158\charrsid4618258 nd}{\b\f47\insrsid5198158\charrsid4618258 Edition \endash DJ }{\b\f47\insrsid2383282\charrsid4618258 Hayton \endash Sweet & Maxwell \endash Hals}{\b\f47\insrsid5198158\charrsid4618258 bury\rquote s 3}{\b\f47\super\insrsid5198158\charrsid4618258 rd}{\b\f47\insrsid5198158\charrsid4618258 Edition. Pp 219 }{\b\f47\insrsid2115658\charrsid4618258 Para}{ \b\f47\insrsid5198158\charrsid4618258 389.}{\b\f47\insrsid10773776\charrsid4618258 \'94}{\f47\insrsid3290143\charrsid4618258 \par }{\f47\insrsid14767732\charrsid4618258 \par In his }{\f47\insrsid10773776\charrsid4618258 written }{\f47\insrsid14767732\charrsid4618258 submissions learned counsel for the appellants argues that the learned Justices }{\f47\insrsid10773776\charrsid4618258 of Appeal erred by considering C}{ \f47\insrsid14767732\charrsid4618258 lause 9 quoted above as referring to English law}{\f47\insrsid8543054\charrsid4618258 and}{\f47\insrsid14767732\charrsid4618258 that there was no basis for construing the clause as a reference to an Act of }{ \f47\insrsid10773776\charrsid4618258 the }{\f47\insrsid14767732\charrsid4618258 United Kingdom}{\f47\insrsid2115658\charrsid4618258 }{\f47\insrsid8543054\charrsid4618258 as opposed}{\f47\insrsid14775896\charrsid4618258 ,}{ \f47\insrsid8543054\charrsid4618258 for example}{\f47\insrsid14775896\charrsid4618258 ,}{\f47\insrsid8543054\charrsid4618258 to an Act of Canada, New Zealand, Australia or any other country}{\f47\insrsid14775896\charrsid4618258 for that matter}{ \f47\insrsid8543054\charrsid4618258 .}{\f47\insrsid14767732\charrsid4618258 \par }{\f47\insrsid8543054\charrsid4618258 \par It is true that Clause 9 of Exhibits 2 and 3 refers to \'93the Settled Land Act 1925 (as amended}{\f47\insrsid14775896\charrsid4618258 )}{\f47\insrsid6315434\charrsid4618258 \'94}{\f47\insrsid8543054\charrsid4618258 and does not mention a specific country to which the Act belongs. It is also true that }{\f47\insrsid14775896\charrsid4618258 Uganda does not have an Act of }{\f47\insrsid8543054\charrsid4618258 Parliament called the Settled Land Act 1925. \par \par However, Clause 9 was inserted by the appellants in their Powers of Attorney. It is a fact that the appellants were residents of the United Kingdom at the time they executed the two Powers of Attorney. \par }{\f47\insrsid2115658\charrsid4618258 \par The witnesses to the same Powers of Attorney were also residents of the United Kingdom. The Notary Public who certified the copies of the Powers of Attorney was }{\f47\insrsid8543054\charrsid4618258 also }{\f47\insrsid2115658\charrsid4618258 based in England. \par \par The Powers of Attorney in question were }{\f47\insrsid8543054\charrsid4618258 gran}{\f47\insrsid2115658\charrsid4618258 ted to Shabeer Kapacee of P. O. Box 640, Kampala, Uganda}{\f47\insrsid8543054\charrsid4618258 ,}{\f47\insrsid2115658\charrsid4618258 but nowhere do they state that}{\f47\insrsid8543054\charrsid4618258 he will exercise}{\f47\insrsid2115658\charrsid4618258 the powers only in Uganda. The powers, it seems to me, were exercisable in respect of the donors\rquote estate wherever it might be. For these Powers of Attorney to be exercised in Uganda, however, the law requires that they should be registered }{\f47\insrsid2383282\charrsid4618258 with the Registrar of D}{\f47\insrsid2115658\charrsid4618258 o}{ \f47\insrsid2383282\charrsid4618258 c}{\f47\insrsid2115658\charrsid4618258 uments and Shabeer Kapacee indeed registered them with that authority. \par \par The only country which is mentioned in these powers of Attorney is Great Britain. Clause 13 of the same Powers of Attorney states: \'93}{\b\f47\insrsid2115658\charrsid4618258 To appoint and remove at pleasure any substitute or agent either in Great Britain or elsewhere for all or any of the matters aforesaid upon such terms as my}{\b\f47\insrsid2638587\charrsid4618258 Attorney shall think fit}{ \f47\insrsid2638587\charrsid4618258 .\'94 }{\f47\insrsid8543054\charrsid4618258 It is noteworthy that the power }{\f47\insrsid2638587\charrsid4618258 Shabeer Kapacee}{\f47\insrsid11033317\charrsid4618258 was}{\f47\insrsid2638587\charrsid4618258 }{ \f47\insrsid11033317\charrsid4618258 given }{\f47\insrsid2638587\charrsid4618258 to remove any substitute or }{\f47\insrsid14775896\charrsid4618258 agent}{\f47\insrsid4857920\charrsid4618258 wa}{\f47\insrsid11033317\charrsid4618258 s exercisable}{ \f47\insrsid2638587\charrsid4618258 in Great Britain }{\f47\insrsid14775896\charrsid4618258 though not in Great Britain alone}{\f47\insrsid2638587\charrsid4618258 .}{\f47\insrsid2115658\charrsid4618258 \par }{\f47\insrsid11033317\charrsid4618258 \par Therefore, the statement made by counsel for the appellants in his submissions that there was no reference to the United}{\f47\insrsid4857920\charrsid4618258 Kingdom in Clause 9 \'93or for that}{\f47\insrsid11033317\charrsid4618258 matter anywhere in the whole text of the Power of Attorney\'94 is not correct. Given that the appellants were residents of the United Kingdom and }{\f47\insrsid13977217\charrsid4618258 that }{\f47\insrsid11033317\charrsid4618258 they executed their Powers of Attorney in England, and that the only country specifically mentioned by name in the two Powers of Attorney is Great Britain, the learned Justices of Appeal did not in my view err to consider the}{ \f47\insrsid4857920\charrsid4618258 Settled}{\f47\insrsid11033317\charrsid4618258 Land Act }{\f47\insrsid4857920\charrsid4618258 1}{\f47\insrsid11033317\charrsid4618258 925 mentioned in Clause 9 to be that of Great Britain. \par }{\f47\insrsid2638587\charrsid4618258 \par \par Exhibit}{\f47\insrsid11033317\charrsid4618258 s}{\f47\insrsid2638587\charrsid4618258 P2 and P3 whose terms are identical were made by the 1}{\f47\super\insrsid2638587\charrsid4618258 st}{\f47\insrsid2638587\charrsid4618258 and 2}{ \f47\super\insrsid2638587\charrsid4618258 nd}{\f47\insrsid2638587\charrsid4618258 appellants. If}{\f47\insrsid11033317\charrsid4618258 their complaint is }{\f47\insrsid3828762\charrsid4618258 that they}{\f47\insrsid11033317\charrsid4618258 had in mind an}{\f47\insrsid2638587\charrsid4618258 other country}{\f47\insrsid11033317\charrsid4618258 other}{\f47\insrsid2638587\charrsid4618258 than Great Britain to which the Settled Land Act 1925 belonged}{\f47\insrsid11033317\charrsid4618258 ,}{ \f47\insrsid2638587\charrsid4618258 they should have stated}{\f47\insrsid11033317\charrsid4618258 so.}{\f47\insrsid2638587\charrsid4618258 I respectfully agree with learned counsel for the respondent that }{\i\f47\ul\insrsid2638587\charrsid4618258 the contra proferentum rule}{\f47\insrsid2638587\charrsid4618258 applies in this case. The rule of con}{\f47\insrsid11033317\charrsid4618258 stru}{\f47\insrsid2638587\charrsid4618258 ction is that an ambiguity in a document will be construed against the party who drafted it}{\f47\insrsid6315434\charrsid4618258 .}{\f47\insrsid11033317\charrsid4618258 }{\f47\insrsid2638587\charrsid4618258 \par }{\f47\insrsid11667765\charrsid4618258 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s15 \b\loch\af47\hich\af47\dbch\af0\insrsid14775896\charrsid4618258 \hich\af47\dbch\af0\loch\f47 2.\tab}}\pard\plain \s15\qj \fi-360\li927\ri0\sl360\slmult1 \widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\adjustright\rin0\lin927\itap0\pararsid14775896 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\f47\insrsid14775896\charrsid4618258 Whether there was C}{\b\f47\insrsid11033317\charrsid4618258 onflict of Laws in the application of Powers of Attorney}{\b\f47\insrsid13304062\charrsid4618258 .}{\b\f47\insrsid11033317\charrsid4618258 \par }\pard \s15\qj \li927\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin927\itap0\pararsid6315434 {\b\f47\insrsid6315434\charrsid4618258 \par }\pard\plain \qj \li360\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid15498994 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f47\insrsid11667765\charrsid4618258 Counsel for the appellants went to great lengths to argue that since there is no express choice of law clause in the Powers of Attorney }{\f47\insrsid11033317\charrsid4618258 and since the Powers of Attorney were to be exercised in relation to land situate in Uganda}{\f47\insrsid12724957\charrsid4618258 the system of law to be applied in respect of the suit property is a matter of \'93Private International Law\'94 or \'93 Conflict of Laws\'94.}{\f47\insrsid11667765\charrsid4618258 \par }{\f47\insrsid12724957\charrsid4618258 \par With respect, I think }{\f47\insrsid11033317\charrsid4618258 the}{\f47\insrsid12724957\charrsid4618258 question of conflict of laws does not arise in this case. The powers as given }{\f47\insrsid2310667\charrsid4618258 to the agent were such as his principal s, the donors of the Powers of Attorney, would themselves exercise in Uganda if they did not choose to appoint their agent. If the principals had chosen to come to Uganda themselves and sell the suit property, the question of conflict of laws would not ar ise. They would not come to Uganda and sell their land according to English law. They would have had to comply with Ugandan Laws.}{\f47\insrsid344972\charrsid4618258 \par }{\f47\insrsid2310667\charrsid4618258 \par Similarly the powers given to the agent in respect of property in Uganda have to comply with Ugandan laws. The reference to the }{\f47\insrsid3952488\charrsid4618258 Settled }{\f47\insrsid2310667\charrsid4618258 Land Act 1925 in Clause 9 of the Powers of Attorney was merely to show what po}{\f47\insrsid14775896\charrsid4618258 wer}{\f47\insrsid4857920\charrsid4618258 , among other}{\f47\insrsid3952488\charrsid4618258 s}{\f47\insrsid4857920\charrsid4618258 ,}{ \f47\insrsid2310667\charrsid4618258 the appellants had decided to give to their agent}{\f47\insrsid4857920\charrsid4618258 .}{\f47\insrsid2310667\charrsid4618258 It could not have been the intention of the donors of the Powers of Attorney that the }{ \f47\insrsid3952488\charrsid4618258 Settled }{\f47\insrsid2310667\charrsid4618258 Land Act 1925 of the United Kingdom should be applied to Uganda. Therefore}{\f47\insrsid15610711\charrsid4618258 ,}{\f47\insrsid2310667\charrsid4618258 the question of conflict of laws does not arise in this case. There is no power given to the agent in the Powers of Attorney that conflicts with}{\f47\insrsid15610711\charrsid4618258 the laws of Uganda}{\f47\insrsid2310667\charrsid4618258 .}{ \f47\insrsid15610711\charrsid4618258 If there was one, then obviously the rule of }{\b\f47\insrsid15610711\charrsid4618258 lex situs}{\b\f47\insrsid3952488\charrsid4618258 ,}{\f47\insrsid15610711\charrsid4618258 }{\f47\insrsid4857920\charrsid4618258 heavily dwelt on by the appellants in their written submissions, would}{\f47\insrsid15610711\charrsid4618258 apply in respect of the suit property}{\f47\insrsid13977217\charrsid4618258 but there is none}{\f47\insrsid15610711\charrsid4618258 . \par }{\f47\insrsid6315434\charrsid4618258 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s15 \b\loch\af47\hich\af47\dbch\af0\insrsid15610711\charrsid4618258 \hich\af47\dbch\af0\loch\f47 3.\tab}}\pard\plain \s15\qj \fi-360\li927\ri0\sl360\slmult1 \widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\adjustright\rin0\lin927\itap0\pararsid15610711 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\f47\insrsid15610711\charrsid4618258 Whether the learned Justices of Appeal}{ \b\f47\insrsid7618505\charrsid4618258 erred by consulting Halsbury\rquote s Laws of England to establish the powers which the Settled Land Act of the United Kingdom confers on the tenant for life. \par }\pard\plain \qj \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7618505 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f47\insrsid7618505\charrsid4618258 \par I will not go into the question of whether the respondent should have called an English law expert witness to giv}{\f47\insrsid13977217\charrsid4618258 e evidence on the Settled Land A}{\f47\insrsid7618505\charrsid4618258 ct of th e United Kingdom. The law, as both counsel }{\f47\insrsid4857920\charrsid4618258 readily }{\f47\insrsid7618505\charrsid4618258 agree}{\f47\insrsid4857920\charrsid4618258 ,}{\f47\insrsid7618505\charrsid4618258 is that oral evidence cannot be admitted to prove or vary contents of documents \endash See Section 91 of the Evidence Act. \par \par If it is correct, as I find, that the learned Justices of Appeal did not err in deciding that the Settled Land Act was that of the United Kingdom the next question to consider is whether the learned Justices were right to consult }{ \b\i\f47\insrsid7618505\charrsid4618258 Halsbury\rquote s Laws of England}{\f47\insrsid7618505\charrsid4618258 for their finding that the Settled Land Act of the United Kingdom confers powers of sale on the tenant for life. \par \par Learned counsel for the appellants argues that the learned Justices erred in so finding since the respondent did not tender a book containing the Act published under the authority of the Government of the United Kingdom, or tender a law report in which the relevant provisions of the Act are reproduced, that counsel for the res}{\f47\insrsid1732106\charrsid4618258 pondent merely referred to }{\b\i\f47\insrsid1732106\charrsid4618258 Hals}{ \b\i\f47\insrsid7618505\charrsid4618258 b}{\b\i\f47\insrsid1732106\charrsid4618258 u}{\b\i\f47\insrsid7618505\charrsid4618258 ry}{\b\i\f47\insrsid1732106\charrsid4618258 \rquote s Laws}{\b\i\f47\insrsid7618505\charrsid4618258 }{ \b\i\f47\insrsid1732106\charrsid4618258 of England}{\f47\insrsid1732106\charrsid4618258 in his submissions.}{\f47\insrsid2310667\charrsid4618258 \par }{\f47\insrsid1732106\charrsid4618258 \par I respectfully do not agree with learned counsel for the appellants in th eir argument. I agree with learned counsel for the respondent that Section 59(e) of the Evidence Act provides an exception to Section 36 of the same Act and that the opinions of experts expressed in any treatise commonly offered for sale may be proved by production of those treatises. \par \par }{\b\i\f47\insrsid1732106\charrsid4618258 Halsbury\rquote s Laws of England}{\f47\insrsid13977217\charrsid4618258 are such treatise. They }{\f47\insrsid1732106\charrsid4618258 have become so common in our law }{\f47\insrsid4093355\charrsid4618258 libraries and}{\f47\insrsid1732106\charrsid4618258 our law chambers because of their reliability that they are often cited by judges, advocates and other lawyers in this country as a correct statement of the laws of England a}{ \f47\insrsid6315434\charrsid4618258 s}{\f47\insrsid1732106\charrsid4618258 at the date of their publication. They have become so notorious that courts no longer require their formal pro}{\f47\insrsid4857920\charrsid4618258 of}{ \f47\insrsid1732106\charrsid4618258 as it would}{\f47\insrsid6315434\charrsid4618258 be}{\f47\insrsid1732106\charrsid4618258 }{\f47\insrsid6315434\charrsid4618258 mere }{\f47\insrsid1732106\charrsid4618258 waste of time. \par \par Therefore, it was proper, in my view, for the learned Justices of Appeal to rely on }{\b\i\f47\insrsid1732106\charrsid4618258 Halsbury\rquote s Laws of England}{\f47\insrsid1732106\charrsid4618258 , }{\f47\insrsid6315434\charrsid4618258 to find}{ \f47\insrsid1732106\charrsid4618258 proof that the Settled Land Act 1925 of the United Kingdom confers on the tenant for life power of sale.}{\f47\insrsid13977217\charrsid4618258 If the appellants think that the learned Justices erred in their interpretation of the relevant section of the Settled Land Act, they should have stated so in their submissions}{\f47\insrsid135541\charrsid4618258 and suggested what, in their view, the correct interpretation should have been}{\f47\insrsid13977217\charrsid4618258 .}{\f47\insrsid1732106\charrsid4618258 \par \par Counsel for the respondent has consistently submitted on Clause 9 of Exhibits P1 and P2, in the High Court}{\f47\insrsid3828762\charrsid4618258 ,}{\f47\insrsid1732106\charrsid4618258 in }{\f47\insrsid6315434\charrsid4618258 the }{ \f47\insrsid3828762\charrsid4618258 Court of Appeal and now in this Court}{\f47\insrsid6315434\charrsid4618258 to show that}{\f47\insrsid135541\charrsid4618258 that}{\f47\insrsid6315434\charrsid4618258 the clause granted power of sale to the agent}{ \f47\insrsid3828762\charrsid4618258 . The appellants, on the other hand, who put this clause in their Powers of Attorney, have either not submitted on it at all or have argued as they do here that the clause should be declared redundant and meaningless as there is no Act in the Laws of Uganda known as the Settled Land Act 1925.}{\f47\insrsid1732106\charrsid4618258 \par }{\f47\insrsid3828762\charrsid4618258 \par They have cited }{\b\i\f47\insrsid3828762\charrsid4618258 Halsbury\rquote s Laws of England}{\f47\insrsid4093355\charrsid4618258 about meaningless phrases in documents to the effect that the court}{\f47\insrsid6315434\charrsid4618258 may }{ \f47\insrsid4093355\charrsid4618258 disregard a subsidiary term therein on the ground that it is meaningless. However, Clause 9 of Exhibits P2 and P3 is not a phrase or a subsidiary term. It is a fully fledged clause standing independently on its own. What the app ellants should have done, in my view, is to give meaning to the clause since they put it in their documents instead of evading that responsibility by arguing that it should be declared redundant and meaningless.}{\f47\insrsid3828762\charrsid4618258

\par }{\f47\insrsid4093355\charrsid4618258 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s15 \b\loch\af47\hich\af47\dbch\af0\insrsid4093355\charrsid4618258 \hich\af47\dbch\af0\loch\f47 4.\tab}}\pard\plain \s15\qj \fi-360\li927\ri0\sl360\slmult1 \widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\adjustright\rin0\lin927\itap0\pararsid4093355 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\f47\insrsid4093355\charrsid4618258 Whether the powers of sale conferred by the Settled Land Act of the United Kingdom on a tenant for life are applicable to the suit property. \par }\pard\plain \qj \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4093355 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f47\insrsid4093355\charrsid4618258 \par Counsel for the appellants argues that even if it was to be accepted that the Settled Land Act of the United Kingdom gives powers of sale to the tenant for l ife, still the powers of the tenant for life would not be applicable to the suit property since the suit property is not settled land. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13319276 {\f47\insrsid13319276\charrsid4618258 \par }\pard \qj \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4093355 {\f47\insrsid4093355\charrsid4618258 I have stated earlier in this judgment that the Settled Land Act 1925, in my view, was not put in Clause 9 of Exhibits P 2 and P3 so that it should be applied to Uganda. It was put in the two Powers of Attorney merely as a reference to the powers, among others, which the appellants decided to give to their agent. The duty of the }{\f47\insrsid15741329\charrsid4618258 Justices of Appeal was limited to finding out the intention of the donors who put Clause 9 in their Powers of Attorney by interpreti}{\f47\insrsid13977217\charrsid4618258 ng the relevant Section}{\f47\insrsid135541\charrsid4618258 s}{ \f47\insrsid13977217\charrsid4618258 of the S}{\f47\insrsid15741329\charrsid4618258 ettled Land Act 1925 of the United Kingdom. They correctly did that}{\f47\insrsid135541\charrsid4618258 ,}{\f47\insrsid15741329\charrsid4618258 in my view. }{ \f47\insrsid13977217\charrsid4618258 Their duty}{\f47\insrsid15741329\charrsid4618258 was not to find out whether }{\f47\insrsid135541\charrsid4618258 or not }{\f47\insrsid15741329\charrsid4618258 the Settled Land Act }{ \f47\insrsid135541\charrsid4618258 1925 }{\f47\insrsid15741329\charrsid4618258 was applicable to Uganda}{\f47\insrsid135541\charrsid4618258 .}{\f47\insrsid15741329\charrsid4618258 }{\f47\insrsid15104933\charrsid4618258 \par }{\f47\insrsid135541\charrsid4618258 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s15 \b\loch\af47\hich\af47\dbch\af0\insrsid15104933\charrsid4618258 \hich\af47\dbch\af0\loch\f47 5.\tab}}\pard\plain \s15\qj \fi-360\li927\ri0\sl360\slmult1 \widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\adjustright\rin0\lin927\itap0\pararsid15104933 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\f47\insrsid15104933\charrsid4618258 Whether the appellants should have filed a cross-appeal in the court of Appeal against the finding of the learned Principal Judge on Exhibit P3. \par }\pard\plain \qj \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15104933 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f47\insrsid15104933\charrsid4618258 \par Counsel for the respondent argued in his written submissions }{\f47\insrsid13977217\charrsid4618258 that the appellants should have cross-appealed against the finding of the trial judge on Exhibit P3 in the Court of Appeal}{ \f47\insrsid13074188\charrsid4618258 ; }{\f47\insrsid15104933\charrsid4618258 that in the Court of Appeal it was agreed that exhibits}{\f47\insrsid13977217\charrsid4618258 P2 and P3 were in pari materia}{\f47\insrsid15104933\charrsid4618258 ; that }{ \f47\insrsid15741329\charrsid4618258 the }{\f47\insrsid15104933\charrsid4618258 High Court found that Exhibits P1 and P3 authorized sale; that it was agreed }{\f47\insrsid15741329\charrsid4618258 in the Court of Appeal }{ \f47\insrsid15104933\charrsid4618258 that the trial judge quoted a wrong exhibit when he was considering the Power of Attorney which the 1}{\f47\super\insrsid15104933\charrsid4618258 st}{\f47\insrsid15104933\charrsid4618258 appellant g}{ \f47\insrsid135541\charrsid4618258 ranted}{\f47\insrsid15104933\charrsid4618258 to Shabeer Kapacee, his agent}{\f47\insrsid15741329\charrsid4618258 ,}{\f47\insrsid13074188\charrsid4618258 and that if the trial c}{\f47\insrsid15104933\charrsid4618258 ourt had not made that mistake it would have found that all the three Powers of Attorney \endash }{\f47\insrsid15741329\charrsid4618258 Exhibits P1, P2 and P3 }{\f47\insrsid135541\charrsid4618258 \endash conferred on }{ \f47\insrsid15104933\charrsid4618258 the agent powers of sale}{\f47\insrsid14905082\charrsid4618258 . \par \par In his }{\f47\insrsid15741329\charrsid4618258 written }{\f47\insrsid14905082\charrsid4618258 reply to the respondent\rquote s submissions learned counsel for the appellants totally ignored this issue}{\f47\insrsid135541\charrsid4618258 . This was surprising since this point }{\f47\insrsid14905082\charrsid4618258 was the respondent\rquote s main argument against the appeal. \par \par It is not clear }{\f47\insrsid135541\charrsid4618258 to me }{\f47\insrsid14905082\charrsid4618258 why the appellants did not }{\f47\insrsid135541\charrsid4618258 realise}{\f47\insrsid14905082\charrsid4618258 that the finding of the trial judge on Exhibit P3 was against their case. The learned trial judge stated in his judgment}{\f47\insrsid14686217\charrsid4618258 : \'93}{\b\f47\insrsid14686217\charrsid4618258 It is not really clear though, but the following extract from the Clause tends to convince [me] that the Power of Attorney Exhibit P3 intended to authorize the sale of the donor\rquote s property: - \par }\pard \qj \li1440\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15741329 {\b\f47\insrsid14686217\charrsid4618258 \'93 To sign my name and set my seal to and as my act and deed to deliver any assignment conveyance transfer or other deed for sale and transfer into my name of any land and generally to do all things necessary to complete any purchase.\'94 \par }\pard \qj \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15104933 {\b\f47\insrsid14686217\charrsid4618258 In the instant case, only two principals authorized the 4}{ \b\f47\super\insrsid14686217\charrsid4618258 th}{\b\f47\insrsid14686217\charrsid4618258 defendant (the agent) to sell the common tenancy. The third did not give his authority. Therefore the 4}{\b\f47\super\insrsid14686217\charrsid4618258 th}{ \b\f47\insrsid14686217\charrsid4618258 defendant had no power to sell the suit property on behalf of all the common tenants. The sale \'85..was null and void.\'94 }{\b\f47\insrsid15104933\charrsid4618258 \par }{\f47\insrsid14686217\charrsid4618258 \par The learned trial judge declared the sale to be null and void because he considered a wrong exhi}{\f47\insrsid135541\charrsid4618258 bit. If he had not made that}{\f47\insrsid14686217\charrsid4618258 mistake he would no doubt have found that all the three Powers of Attorney authorized sale since Exhibits P2 and P3 were identical.}{\f47\insrsid15741329\charrsid4618258 It is inconceivable that he could have h eld that Exhibit P3 authorized sale but Exhibit P2 did not.}{\f47\insrsid14686217\charrsid4618258 \par \par Instead of filing a cross-appeal against the finding of the trial judge or even attacking it in their submissions in the Court of Appeal}{\f47\insrsid15036473\charrsid4618258 , counsel for the appellants hardly said anything about it. Instead Mr. Lule, SC, }{\f47\insrsid15741329\charrsid4618258 who appeared}{\f47\insrsid15036473\charrsid4618258 for the appellants in the Court of Appeal }{\f47\insrsid15741329\charrsid4618258 state}{\f47\insrsid15036473\charrsid4618258 d }{ \f47\insrsid4018578\charrsid4618258 in his submissions }{\f47\insrsid15036473\charrsid4618258 that the trial judge\rquote s evaluation of the Powers of Attorney \'93is quite correct and I support it\'94.}{\f47\insrsid14686217\charrsid4618258 \par }{\f47\insrsid15036473\charrsid4618258 \par In my view the Court of Appeal }{\f47\insrsid4018578\charrsid4618258 c}{\f47\insrsid15036473\charrsid4618258 ould have allowed the respondent\rquote s appeal on this ground alone since the finding of the trial judge that one of the three Powers of Attorney did not authorize sale was based on an obvious mistake of fact which was even admitted by the appellants\rquote counsel in the Court of Appeal. Since the appellants did not specifically ask the Court of Appeal to }{\f47\insrsid15741329\charrsid4618258 overturn}{\f47\insrsid15036473\charrsid4618258 the finding of the trial judge}{\f47\insrsid5004054\charrsid4618258 by filing a cross-appeal or } {\f47\insrsid3177603\charrsid4618258 making clear }{\f47\insrsid5004054\charrsid4618258 submissions}{\f47\insrsid4018578\charrsid4618258 against the trial judge\rquote s finding}{\f47\insrsid5004054\charrsid4618258 on Exhibit P3 it }{ \f47\insrsid3177603\charrsid4618258 must remain standing. The failure of the appellants to }{\f47\insrsid4018578\charrsid4618258 do so deni}{\f47\insrsid3177603\charrsid4618258 ed the Court of Appeal jurisdiction to pronounce itself on the finding of the learned trial judge on Exhibit P3}{\f47\insrsid5004054\charrsid4618258 .}{\f47\insrsid15036473\charrsid4618258 \par }{\f47\insrsid3177603\charrsid4618258 \par }{\b\f47\insrsid3177603\charrsid4618258 Conclusion \par }{\f47\insrsid3177603\charrsid4618258 For the reasons stated above I find that the appellants\rquote only ground of appeal lacks merit and should fail. I would dismiss this appeal with costs both here and in the two courts below. \par }{\f47\insrsid4018578\charrsid4618258 \par \par }{\b\f47\insrsid4018578\charrsid4618258 Dated}{\f47\insrsid4018578\charrsid4618258 at Kampala this }{\b\f47\insrsid15423920\charrsid4618258 9}{\b\f47\super\insrsid15423920\charrsid4618258 th}{\f47\insrsid15423920\charrsid4618258 }{ \f47\insrsid3945373\charrsid4618258 Day}{\f47\insrsid4018578\charrsid4618258 }{\f47\insrsid10950111\charrsid4618258 of }{\b\f47\insrsid10950111\charrsid4618258 December}{\b\f47\insrsid15423920\charrsid4618258 ,}{\f47\insrsid15423920\charrsid4618258 }{ \f47\insrsid4018578\charrsid4618258 2010 \par \par \par \par }\pard \qc \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4018578 {\b\f47\insrsid4018578\charrsid4618258 \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85. \par J. TUMWESIGYE \par }\pard \qc \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8407555 {\b\f47\insrsid4018578\charrsid4618258 JUSTICE OF THE SUPREME COURT}{\b\f47\insrsid8407555\charrsid4618258 \par \page }{\b\f47\insrsid10950111\charrsid4618258 THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10950111 {\b\f47\insrsid10950111\charrsid4618258 \par IN THE SUPREME COURT OF UGANDA \par AT KAMPALA \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10950111 {\b\f47\insrsid10950111\charrsid4618258 \par (CORAM:\tab ODOKI, CJ; TSEKOOKO; KATUREEBE; TUMWESIGYE; KISAAKYE; JJSC}{\f47\insrsid10950111\charrsid4618258 .) \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10950111 {\f47\insrsid10950111\charrsid4618258 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10950111 {\b\f47\insrsid10950111\charrsid4618258 CIVIL APPEAL NO. 10 OF 2008 \par }{\b\f47\insrsid7023410\charrsid4618258 \par BETWEEN \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s15 \b\loch\af47\hich\af47\dbch\af0\insrsid10950111\charrsid4618258 \hich\af47\dbch\af0\loch\f47 1.\tab}}\pard\plain \s15\ql \fi-360\li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10950111 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\f47\insrsid10950111\charrsid4618258 F. L KADERBHAI \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s15 \b\loch\af47\hich\af47\dbch\af0\insrsid10950111\charrsid4618258 \hich\af47\dbch\af0\loch\f47 2.\tab}N. H VALIJI ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: APPELLANTS \par }\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10950111 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\f47\insrsid7023410\charrsid4618258 AND }{\b\f47\insrsid10950111\charrsid4618258 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10950111 {\b\f47\insrsid10950111\charrsid4618258 SHAMSHERALI ZAVER VIRJI :::::::::::::: RESPONDENT \par }{\b\i\f47\insrsid10950111\charrsid4618258 (An appeal from the decision of the Court of Appeal at Kampala (Mpagi-Bahigeine, Kitumba, Byamugisha, JJA) dated 12}{\b\i\f47\super\insrsid10950111\charrsid4618258 th}{\b\i\f47\insrsid10950111\charrsid4618258 November, 2007 in Civil Appeal No. 81 of 2004) \par }{\b\f47\insrsid10950111\charrsid4618258 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16349970 {\b\f47\insrsid10950111\charrsid4618258 JUDGMENT OF }{\b\f47\insrsid16349970\charrsid4618258 ODOKI,}{\b\f47\insrsid10950111\charrsid4618258 }{ \b\f47\insrsid16349970\charrsid4618258 CJ}{\b\f47\insrsid10950111\charrsid4618258 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10950111 {\insrsid10950111\charrsid4618258 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8409057 {\f47\insrsid16475561\charrsid4618258 I have had the benefit of reading in draft the judgment prepared by my learned brother Tumwesigye, JSC and I agree with it and the orders proposed by him.}{\f47\insrsid3489870\charrsid4618258 \par }{\f47\insrsid8409057\charrsid4618258 \par }{\f47\insrsid16475561\charrsid4618258 As the other members of the Court also agree, this appeal is dismissed with costs here and in the Courts below. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16349970 {\f47\insrsid16475561\charrsid4618258 \par }{\b\f47\insrsid16475561\charrsid4618258 Dated}{\f47\insrsid16475561\charrsid4618258 at Kampala this }{\b\f47\insrsid16475561\charrsid4618258 9}{\b\f47\super\insrsid16475561\charrsid4618258 th}{\f47\insrsid16475561\charrsid4618258 day of }{ \b\f47\insrsid16475561\charrsid4618258 December}{\f47\insrsid16475561\charrsid4618258 , 2010 \par \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8409057 {\f47\insrsid8409057\charrsid4618258 B J Odoki \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8407555 {\b\f47\insrsid8409057\charrsid4618258 CHIEF JUSTICE}{\b\f47\insrsid8407555\charrsid4618258 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8407555 {\b\f47\insrsid8407555\charrsid4618258 \page }{\b\f47\insrsid10093816\charrsid4618258 THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10093816 {\b\f47\insrsid10093816\charrsid4618258 \par IN THE SUPREME COURT OF UGANDA \par AT KAMPALA \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10093816 {\b\f47\insrsid10093816\charrsid4618258 \par (CORAM:\tab ODOKI, CJ; TSEKOOKO; KATUREEBE; TUMWESIGYE; KISAAKYE; JJSC}{\f47\insrsid10093816\charrsid4618258 .) \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10093816 {\f47\insrsid10093816\charrsid4618258 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10093816 {\b\f47\insrsid10093816\charrsid4618258 CIVIL APPEAL NO. 10 OF 2008 \par }{\b\f47\insrsid16592\charrsid4618258 \par BETWEEN \par }{\b\f47\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid15861170\charrsid4618258 {\shp{\*\shpinst\shpleft3240\shptop332\shpright3840\shpbottom1247\shpfhdr0\shpbxcolumn\shpbxignore\shpbypara\shpbyignore\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt0\shpz0\shplid1026 {\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 88}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fPseudoInline}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLayoutInCell}{\sv 1}}}{\shprslt{\*\do\dobxcolumn\dobypara\dodhgt8192\dppolyline\dppolycount59\dpptx0\dppty0 \dpptx60\dppty1\dpptx117\dppty6\dpptx143\dppty9\dpptx168\dppty13\dpptx191\dppty18\dpptx212\dppty22\dpptx232\dppty28\dpptx249\dppty34\dpptx264\dppty40\dpptx276\dppty47\dpptx287\dppty54\dpptx294\dppty61\dpptx299\dppty69\dpptx300\dppty77\dpptx300\dppty381 \dpptx301\dppty389\dpptx306\dppty397\dpptx313\dppty404\dpptx324\dppty411\dpptx336\dppty418\dpptx351\dppty424\dpptx369\dppty430\dpptx388\dppty435\dpptx409\dppty440\dpptx432\dppty445\dpptx457\dppty448\dpptx483\dppty452\dpptx540\dppty456\dpptx600\dppty458 \dpptx540\dppty459\dpptx483\dppty463\dpptx457\dppty467\dpptx432\dppty471\dpptx409\dppty475\dpptx388\dppty480\dpptx369\dppty485\dpptx351\dppty491\dpptx336\dppty498\dpptx324\dppty504\dpptx313\dppty511\dpptx306\dppty519\dpptx301\dppty526\dpptx300\dppty534 \dpptx300\dppty839\dpptx299\dppty847\dpptx294\dppty854\dpptx287\dppty862\dpptx276\dppty869\dpptx264\dppty875\dpptx249\dppty881\dpptx232\dppty887\dpptx212\dppty893\dpptx191\dppty898\dpptx168\dppty902\dpptx143\dppty906\dpptx117\dppty909\dpptx60\dppty914 \dpptx0\dppty915\dpx3240\dpy332\dpxsize600\dpysize915\dpfillfgcr255\dpfillfgcg255\dpfillfgcb255\dpfillbgcr255\dpfillbgcg255\dpfillbgcb255\dpfillpat0\dplinew15\dplinecor0\dplinecog0\dplinecob0}}}}{\b\f47\insrsid10093816\charrsid4618258 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s15 \b\loch\af47\hich\af47\dbch\af0\insrsid10093816\charrsid4618258 \hich\af47\dbch\af0\loch\f47 1.\tab}}\pard\plain \s15\ql \fi-360\li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10093816 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\f47\insrsid10093816\charrsid4618258 F. L KADERBHAI \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s15 \b\loch\af47\hich\af47\dbch\af0\insrsid10093816\charrsid4618258 \hich\af47\dbch\af0\loch\f47 2.\tab}N. H VALIJI }{\b\f47\insrsid15861170\charrsid4618258 }{\b\f47\insrsid10093816\charrsid4618258 :::::::::::::::::::::::: APPELLANTS \par }\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10093816 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\f47\insrsid10093816\charrsid4618258 \par }{\b\f47\insrsid5133505\charrsid4618258 AND}{\b\f47\insrsid10093816\charrsid4618258 \par \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10093816 {\b\f47\insrsid10093816\charrsid4618258 SHAMSHERALI ZAVER VIRJI :::::::::::::: RESPONDENT \par }{\b\i\f47\insrsid3242035\charrsid4618258 \par [}{\b\i\f47\insrsid10093816\charrsid4618258 An appeal from }{\b\i\f47\insrsid3242035\charrsid4618258 a}{\b\i\f47\insrsid10093816\charrsid4618258 decision of the Court of Appeal at Kampala (}{\b\i\f47\insrsid3242035\charrsid4618258 Mpagi-Bahigeine, Kitumba & }{\b\i\f47\insrsid10093816\charrsid4618258 Byamugisha, JJ}{\b\i\f47\insrsid3242035\charrsid4618258 .}{\b\i\f47\insrsid10093816\charrsid4618258 A) dated 12}{\b\i\f47\super\insrsid10093816\charrsid4618258 th}{ \b\i\f47\insrsid10093816\charrsid4618258 November, 2007 in Civil Appeal No. 81 of 2004}{\b\i\f47\insrsid3242035\charrsid4618258 ]}{\b\i\f47\insrsid10093816\charrsid4618258 \par }{\b\f47\insrsid10093816\charrsid4618258 \par }{\b\f47\insrsid3242035\charrsid4618258 \par }{\b\f47\insrsid10093816\charrsid4618258 JUDGMENT OF }{\b\f47\insrsid3242035\charrsid4618258 JWN TSEKOOKO, JSC}{\b\f47\insrsid10093816\charrsid4618258 \par }{\insrsid10093816\charrsid4618258 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10093816 {\f47\insrsid10093816\charrsid4618258 I have had the }{\f47\insrsid3242035\charrsid4618258 advantage of}{\f47\insrsid10093816\charrsid4618258 reading in draft the judgment prepared by}{\f47\insrsid3242035\charrsid4618258 my learned brother, Tumwesigye, JSC, and I agree with his reasoning and the orders that this appeal be dismissed with costs here and in the two Courts below.}{ \f47\insrsid8409057\charrsid4618258 \par }{\f47\insrsid3242035\charrsid4618258 \par Delivered at Kampala }{\b\f47\insrsid3242035\charrsid4618258 9}{\b\f47\super\insrsid3242035\charrsid4618258 th}{\f47\insrsid3242035\charrsid4618258 this day of }{\b\f47\insrsid3242035\charrsid4618258 December}{\f47\insrsid3242035\charrsid4618258 , 2010

\par \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3242035 {\f47\insrsid3242035\charrsid4618258 \par }{\b\f47\insrsid3242035\charrsid4618258 JWN }{\b\f47\insrsid4535507\charrsid4618258 Tsekooko}{\b\f47\insrsid3242035\charrsid4618258 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8407555 {\b\f47\insrsid3242035\charrsid4618258 Justice of the Supreme Court}{\b\f47\insrsid8407555\charrsid4618258 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8407555 {\b\f47\insrsid8407555\charrsid4618258 \page }{\b\f47\insrsid14443053\charrsid4618258 THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14443053 {\b\f47\insrsid14443053\charrsid4618258 \par IN THE SUPREME COURT OF UGANDA \par AT KAMPALA \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14443053 {\b\f47\insrsid14443053\charrsid4618258 \par (CORAM:\tab ODOKI, CJ; TSEKOOKO; KATUREEBE; TUMWESIGYE; KISAAKYE; JJSC}{\f47\insrsid14443053\charrsid4618258 .) \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14443053 {\f47\insrsid14443053\charrsid4618258 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14443053 {\b\f47\insrsid14443053\charrsid4618258 CIVIL APPEAL NO. 10 OF 2008 \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s15 \b\loch\af47\hich\af47\dbch\af0\insrsid14443053\charrsid4618258 \hich\af47\dbch\af0\loch\f47 1.\tab}}\pard\plain \s15\ql \fi-360\li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls7\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14443053 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\f47\insrsid14443053\charrsid4618258 F. L KADERBHAI \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s15 \b\loch\af47\hich\af47\dbch\af0\insrsid14443053\charrsid4618258 \hich\af47\dbch\af0\loch\f47 2.\tab}N. H VALIJI ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: APPELLANTS \par }\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14443053 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\f47\insrsid14443053\charrsid4618258 \par }{\b\f47\insrsid5133505\charrsid4618258 AND}{\b\f47\insrsid14443053\charrsid4618258 \par \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14443053 {\b\f47\insrsid14443053\charrsid4618258 SHAMSHERALI ZAVER VIRJI :::::::::::::: RESPONDENT \par }{\b\i\f47\insrsid14443053\charrsid4618258 \par }{\b\i\f47\insrsid6106106\charrsid4618258 [}{\b\i\f47\insrsid14443053\charrsid4618258 An appeal from the decision of the Court of Appeal at Kampala (Mpagi-Bahigeine, Kitumba, Byamugisha, JJA) dated 12}{\b\i\f47\super\insrsid14443053\charrsid4618258 th}{ \b\i\f47\insrsid14443053\charrsid4618258 November, 2007 in Civil Appeal No. 81 of 2004}{\b\i\f47\insrsid6106106\charrsid4618258 ].}{\b\i\f47\insrsid14443053\charrsid4618258 \par }{\b\f47\insrsid14443053\charrsid4618258 \par }{\b\f47\ul\insrsid14443053\charrsid4618258 JUDGMENT OF }{\b\f47\ul\insrsid6106106\charrsid4618258 KATUREEBE, JSC.}{\b\f47\ul\insrsid14443053\charrsid4618258 \par }{\insrsid14443053\charrsid4618258 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15159371 {\f47\insrsid14443053\charrsid4618258 I had the benefit of reading}{\f47\insrsid6106106\charrsid4618258 ,}{ \f47\insrsid14443053\charrsid4618258 in draft}{\f47\insrsid6106106\charrsid4618258 ,}{\f47\insrsid14443053\charrsid4618258 the judgment }{\f47\insrsid6106106\charrsid4618258 of my learned brother, Tumwesigye, JSC, and I agree with him for reasons he has given, that this appeal be dismissed with costs in this court and the courts below.}{\f47\insrsid3242035\charrsid4618258 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14443053 {\f47\insrsid6106106\charrsid4618258 \par }{\b\f47\insrsid6106106\charrsid4618258 Delivered}{\f47\insrsid6106106\charrsid4618258 at Kampala this }{\b\f47\insrsid6106106\charrsid4618258 9}{\b\f47\super\insrsid6106106\charrsid4618258 th}{\f47\insrsid6106106\charrsid4618258 day of }{ \b\f47\insrsid6106106\charrsid4618258 December}{\f47\insrsid6106106\charrsid4618258 , 2010. \par \par \par Bart M. Katureebe \par }{\b\f47\insrsid6106106\charrsid4618258 Justice of the Supreme Court \par }{\f47\insrsid2127935\charrsid4618258 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2127935 {\b\f47\insrsid8407555\charrsid4618258 \page }{\b\f47\insrsid2127935\charrsid4618258 THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA \par \par IN THE SUPREME COURT OF UGANDA \par AT KAMPALA \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2127935 {\b\f47\insrsid2127935\charrsid4618258 \par (CORAM:\tab ODOKI, CJ; TSEKOOKO; KATUREEBE; TUMWESIGYE; KISAAKYE; JJSC}{\f47\insrsid2127935\charrsid4618258 .) \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2127935 {\f47\insrsid2127935\charrsid4618258 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2127935 {\b\f47\insrsid2127935\charrsid4618258 CIVIL APPEAL NO. 10 OF 2008 \par }{\b\f47\insrsid16452044\charrsid4618258 \par BETWEEN \par }{\b\f47\insrsid2127935\charrsid4618258 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s15 \b\loch\af47\hich\af47\dbch\af0\insrsid2127935\charrsid4618258 \hich\af47\dbch\af0\loch\f47 1.\tab}}\pard\plain \s15\ql \fi-360\li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2127935 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\f47\insrsid2127935\charrsid4618258 F. L KADERBHAI \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s15 \b\loch\af47\hich\af47\dbch\af0\insrsid2127935\charrsid4618258 \hich\af47\dbch\af0\loch\f47 2.\tab}N. H VALIJI ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: APPELLANTS \par }\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2127935 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\f47\insrsid2127935\charrsid4618258 \par }{\b\f47\insrsid15149752\charrsid4618258 AND}{\b\f47\insrsid2127935\charrsid4618258 \par \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2127935 {\b\f47\insrsid2127935\charrsid4618258 SHAMSHERALI ZAVER VIRJI :::::::::::::: RESPONDENT \par }{\b\i\f47\insrsid11300744\charrsid4618258 \par \{}{\b\i\f47\insrsid2127935\charrsid4618258 An appeal from the decision of the Court of Appeal at Kampala (Mpagi-Bahigeine, Kitumba, Byamugisha, JJA) dated 12}{\b\i\f47\super\insrsid2127935\charrsid4618258 th}{\b\i\f47\insrsid2127935\charrsid4618258 November, 2007 in Civil Appeal No. 81 of 2004}{\b\i\f47\insrsid11300744\charrsid4618258 \}}{\b\i\f47\insrsid2127935\charrsid4618258 \par }{\b\f47\insrsid2127935\charrsid4618258 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15752177 {\b\f47\ul\insrsid15752177\charrsid4618258 JUDGMENT OF DR. E. M. KISAAKYE, JSC}{\b\f47\ul\insrsid2127935\charrsid4618258 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2127935 {\insrsid2127935\charrsid4618258 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2127935 {\f47\insrsid2127935\charrsid4618258 I have had the benefit of reading in draft the judgment }{\f47\insrsid15752177\charrsid4618258 of my learned brother, Tumwesigye, JSC. }{\f47\insrsid2127935\charrsid4618258 \par }{\f47\insrsid15752177\charrsid4618258 \par I agree with him that the appeal be dismissed with costs in this Court and the Courts below. \par \par }{\b\f47\insrsid15752177\charrsid4618258 Dated}{\f47\insrsid15752177\charrsid4618258 at Kampala this }{\b\f47\insrsid15752177\charrsid4618258 9}{\b\f47\super\insrsid15752177\charrsid4618258 th}{\f47\insrsid15752177\charrsid4618258 day of }{ \b\f47\insrsid15752177\charrsid4618258 December}{\f47\insrsid15752177\charrsid4618258 , 2010. \par \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid616573 {\b\f47\insrsid15752177\charrsid4618258 \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85}{\b\f47\insrsid616573\charrsid4618258 \'85\'85}{\b\f47\insrsid15752177\charrsid4618258 \'85\'85 \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85. \par }{\b\f47\insrsid616573\charrsid4618258 DR. ESTHER M. KISAAKYE}{\b\f47\insrsid15752177\charrsid4618258 \par }{\b\f47\insrsid616573\charrsid4618258 JUSTICE OF THE SUPREME COURT}{\f47\insrsid928572\charrsid4618258 \par }}