Ibrahim Kibirige v UCB & Anor (Civil Suit No. 408 of 2000) [2003] UGCommC 8 (22 April 2003)

{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\uc1\deff0\stshfdbch0\stshfloch0\stshfhich0\stshfbi0\deflang2057\deflangfe2057{\fonttbl{\f0\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\f36\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;} {\f37\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\f39\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\f40\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\f41\froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);} {\f42\froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\f43\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\f44\froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}}{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue255;\red0\green255\blue255; \red0\green255\blue0;\red255\green0\blue255;\red255\green0\blue0;\red255\green255\blue0;\red255\green255\blue255;\red0\green0\blue128;\red0\green128\blue128;\red0\green128\blue0;\red128\green0\blue128;\red128\green0\blue0;\red128\green128\blue0; \red128\green128\blue128;\red192\green192\blue192;}{\stylesheet{\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 \snext0 Normal;}{\*\cs10 \additive \ssemihidden Default Paragraph Font;}{\*\ts11\tsrowd\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\trcbpat1\trcfpat1\tscellwidthfts0\tsvertalt\tsbrdrt\tsbrdrl\tsbrdrb\tsbrdrr\tsbrdrdgl\tsbrdrdgr\tsbrdrh\tsbrdrv \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\langnp1024\langfenp1024 \snext11 \ssemihidden Normal Table;}{ \s15\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 \sbasedon0 \snext15 \styrsid5463745 Normal (Web);}{\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar \tqc\tx4153\tqr\tx8306\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 \sbasedon0 \snext16 \styrsid6049999 footer;}{\*\cs17 \additive \sbasedon10 \styrsid6049999 page number;}} {\*\latentstyles\lsdstimax156\lsdlockeddef0}{\*\pgptbl {\pgp\ipgp0\itap0\li0\ri0\sb0\sa0}}{\*\rsidtbl \rsid2622204\rsid5463745\rsid6049999\rsid6165668\rsid12531911\rsid14294789}{\*\generator Microsoft Word 11.0.5604;}{\info{\title THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA } {\author Administrator}{\operator jchemeri}{\creatim\yr2009\mo4\dy27\hr11\min42}{\revtim\yr2009\mo4\dy27\hr11\min59}{\version4}{\edmins18}{\nofpages5}{\nofwords1022}{\nofchars5832}{\*\company JSI}{\nofcharsws6841}{\vern24689}}\paperw11906\paperh16838 \widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\noxlattoyen\expshrtn\noultrlspc\dntblnsbdb\nospaceforul\formshade\horzdoc\dgmargin\dghspace180\dgvspace180\dghorigin1800\dgvorigin1440\dghshow1\dgvshow1 \jexpand\viewkind1\viewscale100\pgbrdrhead\pgbrdrfoot\splytwnine\ftnlytwnine\htmautsp\nolnhtadjtbl\useltbaln\alntblind\lytcalctblwd\lyttblrtgr\lnbrkrule\nobrkwrptbl\snaptogridincell\allowfieldendsel\wrppunct \asianbrkrule\rsidroot5463745\newtblstyruls\nogrowautofit \fet0{\*\ftnsep \pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\insrsid6049999 \chftnsep \par }}{\*\ftnsepc \pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\insrsid6049999 \chftnsepc \par }}{\*\aftnsep \pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\insrsid6049999 \chftnsep \par }}{\*\aftnsepc \pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\insrsid6049999 \chftnsepc \par }}\sectd \linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14294789\sftnbj {\footer \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar \tqc\tx4153\tqr\tx8306\pvpara\phmrg\posxr\posy0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2512924 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\field{\*\fldinst {\cs17\insrsid6049999 PAGE }}{\fldrslt { \cs17\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2622204 5}}}{\cs17\insrsid6049999 \par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri360\widctlpar\tqc\tx4153\tqr\tx8306\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin360\lin0\itap0\pararsid6049999 {\insrsid6049999 \par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}} {\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8 \pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \s15\qc \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1 \widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid6049999 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA \line IN THE HIGH COURT OF UGANDA AT }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid6049999 KAMPALA}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 \line }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 [COMMERCIAL DIVISION] \line C. S. NO. 408 OF 2000 \line IBRAHIM }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid6049999\charrsid14294789 KIBIRIGE:}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 :::::::::::::}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid6049999 :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 ::::::::::::::::::::::: }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid6049999 PLAINTIFF \line \par VERSUS \line \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid6049999 {\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid6049999 1. U.}{ \b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid6049999\charrsid14294789 C. B]}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 \line }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 2. }{ \b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid6049999\charrsid14294789 CITICORP]}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid6049999\charrsid14294789 :}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 :::::::::::}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid6049999 :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 ::::::::::::::::::::::::::: }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 DEFENDA NTS \line BEFORE: }{\b\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 THE HON. }{\b\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid6049999 LADY}{\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 }{ \b\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 JUSTICE MS. }{\b\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid6049999 ARACH}{\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 - }{ \b\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 AMOKO \line JUDGMENT: }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 The Plaintiff is a Ugandan businessman. The first Defendant was a bank duly incorporated in Uganda at the material time. The 2}{\lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid12531911\charrsid12531911 nd}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 Defendant is a U. S based company dealing in the sale of Travellers cheques. \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid12531911 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 The Plaintiff brought this action against both Defendants jointly and severally for breach of contract, or in the alternative for money had and received, special damages of US $4,000, general damages plus costs of the suit. \line }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid12531911 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 The facts of this case are that the Plaintiff bought US $4,000 worth of Travellers cheques on the 24/11/99 from the former UCB, acting as agents of CITICORP (2}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid12531911\charrsid12531911 nd}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 Defendant). The terms and conditions of the Purchase Agreement were that: \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid12531911 {\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 - }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid12531911 \tab }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 The Plaintiff had to sign each TC immediately on receipt. \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid12531911 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 - }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid12531911 \tab }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 To take reasonable care to safe guard each TC. \line }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid12531911 \par }\pard \s15\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid12531911 {\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 - }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid12531911 \tab }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 Immediately notify CITICORP and police of loss or theft of the TCs giving full details and answers to CITICORP\rquote s satisfaction; and fill a Refund Claim Form. \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid12531911 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid6165668 {\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 The Plaintiff would not be entitled to the refund if he failed to perform any of the above obligations. Approval of CITICORP was }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid12531911 required for any refund. The TC}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 s were stolen from him on the 1/1/2001. \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid12531911 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 The Plaintiff reported to the police and UCB; and filed a claim form on the 24/1/2000 \line (Exhibit P4). The D}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid12531911 efendants did not refund the TC}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 s. The Plaintiff lost patience and \line filed this action on 17/4/2000. Thereafter the 2 Defendant refunded the TC on \line 12/8/2000. \line }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid12531911 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 The 1}{\lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid12531911 st}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 Defendant denied liability and contended that it acted as agent of a disclosed Principal, CITICORP. The suit is therefore misconceived against it and should be dismissed with costs. The case was eventually dropped against it by the Plaintiff. \line }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid12531911 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 The 2}{\lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid12531911\charrsid12531911 nd}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 Defendant did not file a defence within the prescribed time althoug h summons were served on it on 17/12/2001 by Mr. Robert Edelman, a process server in Long Island, USA. Since the USD 4,000 had been refunded by the time the hearing commenced, the Plaintiff\rquote s counsel then proceeded against the 2}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid12531911\charrsid12531911 nd}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 Defendant in respect of the following issue}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid12531911 s only: \line 1. General damages. \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 2. Interest. \line 3. Costs. \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid12531911 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 He called 3 witnesses in a bid to prove these issues: \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid12531911 \par }\pard \s15\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid12531911 {\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 - }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid12531911 \tab }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 Samuel Wamala (PW1) - a close friend of the Plaintiff who said he was involved in the transaction, and assisted the Plaintiff to follow up the refund. \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid12531911 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 - }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid12531911 \tab }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 PW 2 - the Plaintiff PW3 - }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid12531911\charrsid14294789 Mrs.}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 Ruth Emunyu - Director External Operation, Bank of Uganda. She testified on the interest rates. \line }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid12531911 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid12531911 {\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 The issues for determination are: \line }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid12531911 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 1. }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid12531911 \tab }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 Whether the 2 Defendant breached the contract. \line }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid12531911 \par }\pard \s15\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid12531911 {\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 2. }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid12531911 \tab }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 If so, whether the Plaintiff is entitled to general damages and interest, and how much. \line }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid12531911 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 3. }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid12531911 \tab }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 Costs. \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid12531911

\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid6165668 {\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 Regarding the 1}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid12531911\charrsid12531911 st}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 issue, Mr. Brian Othieno, learned counsel for the Plaintiff submitted that the 2}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid12531911 nd}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 Defendant was under a contractual o}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid12531911 bligation to refund the lost TC }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 s, under the terms and conditions of the Purchase Agreement (Exh P5). Indeed it did so, but refused to pay any interest for late payment. The cheques were lost on 3/1/2000. The refund was made on 23/12/2000 - one year after the loss. This was after the 1} {\lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid12531911\charrsid12531911 st}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 Defendant\rquote s General Manager Mr. Okello had advised the Plaintiff to return after 3 days to collect his money; and after Ms Shell of the 2}{\lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid12531911\charrsid12531911 nd}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 Defendant had given him 30 days to refund the money. The failure by the 2}{\lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid12531911\charrsid12531911 n}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid12531911 d}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid12531911 Defendant to refund the TCs \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 immediately was contrary to a material term in the Purchase Agreement which provided for immediate refund and a breach of the }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2622204 contract of sale of the said TC}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 s. \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2622204 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 The Plaintiff is accordingly entitled to damages for such breach. He cited the case of }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 Ewadi -Vs- Bank of Credit and Commerce International South Africa }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 (1989) ALL ER 243 - }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid2622204 a}{ \b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 case with similar facts where the Court held that the bank was under obligat}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2622204 ion to refund lost or stolen TC}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 s and also awarded interest on the cheque volume for late payment. In the inst ant case, the Defendants refusal to refund amounted to breach of contract. He also cited the case of }{\b\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 Nakawa Trading Co. Limited -Vs- Coffee Marketing Board HCCS No. 137/91 }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 where Byamugisha J. held that a breach of contract occurs when one party fails to fulfil its obligations impaired by terms. \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2622204 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 I have considered this argument carefully. In the instant case, it is true that the 2nd Defendant was un}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2622204 der obligation to refund the TC}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 s if in case of loss or theft, provided he fulfilled the terms and conditions therein. The law is, \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2622204 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid2622204 {\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 \'93 If the loss of the instruments occurs while they do not bear a counter signature, the traveller is entitled to obtain their face value from the issuing banker, provided he signs an indemnity. Such an indemnity would protect the banker if it turned out that, despite the travellers statement, the cheques had been counter signed before they were lost\'94 \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2622204 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid2622204 {\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 See: }{ \b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid2622204 Chitty}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 on contracts }{ \b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid2622204 24}{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid2622204 th}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 }{ \b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 Edn 2502. \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid6165668 {\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 In the EL AWADI }{ \ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 case, }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2622204 i}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid2622204 t}{ \b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2622204 was held Inter ali}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 a that the purchase agreement which had similar word ing as the one In the instant c}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2622204 ase, was to be construed as placi}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 ng the Issuers under an obligation }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid2622204 to}{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 refund the purchaser of its with had been los}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2622204 t or stolen, subject only the di}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 scretion where the purchaser had failed }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid2622204 to}{ \b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 comply with the expressed or implie d terms of the agreement; that In the absence of any breach by the Plaintiff of any express term issuers could only be absorbed from obligation only If there were an implied term that the Plaintiff would }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2622204 not be grossly negligent or reckl}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 ess. \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2622204 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid2622204 It appears the Plaintiff compiled with the terms of}{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 the Purchase Agreement because }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid2622204 the }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid2622204 2}{\lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid2622204\charrsid2622204 n}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid2622204 d}{\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid2622204 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid2622204 De}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2622204 fendant has refunded this money}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid2622204 I have not been able to}{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 read in the agreement }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2622204 that the TC}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid2622204 s would be refunded }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2622204\charrsid2622204 immediately}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid2622204 on reporting. This would not be }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2622204\charrsid2622204 feasible}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid2622204 since the 2}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid2622204\charrsid2622204 nd}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid2622204 Def}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2622204 endant has to carr}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid2622204 y out Investigations }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 first, }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid2622204 before }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2622204\charrsid2622204 making}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid2622204 a refund. }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 I}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2622204 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 do}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2622204 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 not}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2622204 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 find}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2622204 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 any}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2622204 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 breach}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2622204 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 of}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2622204 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 contract}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2622204 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 on}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2622204 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 the}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2622204 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 part}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2622204 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 of}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2622204 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 the}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2622204 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 2}{\lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid2622204\charrsid2622204 nd}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2622204 }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 Defendant}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2622204 .}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid2622204 This}{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 issue }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2622204 i}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid2622204 s answered in the negative. \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2622204 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid2622204 Regarding}{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 interest, since }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid2622204 I}{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 have }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid2622204 held that the time}{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 taken }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid2622204 was to enable the }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid2622204 2}{\lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid2622204\charrsid2622204 n}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid2622204 d}{\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid2622204 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid2622204 Defendant to carry out investigations. I find no justification }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2622204\charrsid2622204 in}{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2622204 penali}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 sing }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2622204 i}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid2622204 t with an award of}{ \b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 Interest}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2622204 .}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid2622204 The}{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 expenses }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2622204 cl}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid2622204 aimed}{ \b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 for telephone }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2622204 calls of US 800 i}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid2622204 s also disallowed}{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 since }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2622204 i}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid2622204 t was not}{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 pleaded }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid2622204 nor}{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 proved by any receipts. The }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid2622204 US}{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 $300 for }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid2622204 service}{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 out }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid2622204 of jurisdiction}{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2622204 was not pleaded. Special}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 damages }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid2622204 must be pleaded and proved. See:}{ \b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 John Nagenda -Vs- Sabena }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid2622204 Belgian}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 }{ \b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 World }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2622204\charrsid14294789 Airlines}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 }{ \b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 (1992) 1 KALR \line 13. }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 \par All in all, I find no merit in this action; and I dismiss it accordi}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2622204 ngly. I award no costs to the 2}{\lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid2622204\charrsid2622204 nd}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 Defendant since it did not participate in the action. \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2622204 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 M. S. Arach - Amoko \line }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 JUDGE \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2622204 24.4.03}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6165668 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5463745\charrsid14294789 \par }}