Moyo v Zihanzu (Civil Appeal 306 of 2002; SC 76 of 2002) [2002] ZWSC 76 (6 October 2002) | Maintenance | Esheria

Moyo v Zihanzu (Civil Appeal 306 of 2002; SC 76 of 2002) [2002] ZWSC 76 (6 October 2002)

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DISTRIBUTABLE    (66) Civil Appeal No. 306/02 Judgment No. SC 76/02 JOHN      COSMAS      MOYO           v          REGINA     ZIHANZU SUPREME COURT OF ZIMBABWE SANDURA  JA, ZIYAMBI  JA  &  MALABA  JA HARARE, JUNE 13 & OCTOBER 7, 2002 The appellant in person The respondent in person MALABA   JA:     The appellant and the respondent lived together as husband and wife under a customary law union.   They separated in July 1993.   The respondent retained the custody of four children of the union.    In August 1995 she obtained   an   order   from   a   maintenance   court   compelling   the   appellant   to   pay   an amount of $850 per month towards the maintenance of the four children.   The order did not apportion the amount due to each child but stated that it would terminate in respect of each child when he or she reached the age of eighteen. The   appellant   paid   the   maintenance   in   terms   of   the   order   for   four months   but   remained   in   default   of   payment   thereafter   until   he   was   arrested   and prosecuted   for   non­compliance   in   1999.       He   was   convicted   of   the   charge   of unlawfully   failing   to   obey   the   maintenance   order   and   sentenced   to   a   term   of imprisonment.     The sentence was suspended on condition that he paid $16 000 in S. C. 76/02 arrear maintenance. Meanwhile one of the children had, to the knowledge of the appellant, died on 18 December 1995. The   respondent   successfully   applied   for   the   variation   of   the maintenance order on 23 March 2000 so that the appellant now had to pay $1 200 per month for the maintenance of the three surviving children.   At the time the variation order was made the appellant had not had the previous maintenance order varied for the reason that one of the children had died. In what appears to have been a reaction to the variation order granted to   the   respondent   on   23 March   2000   the   appellant   made   an   application   to   the magistrate’s court on 27 April 2000 claiming an order compelling the respondent to refund to him $11 687.50, which he said was the total amount he had paid to her as maintenance for the deceased child during the period extending from December 1995 to March 2000.   The magistrate who heard the application dismissed it on the ground that the appellant had knowledge of the fact that the child had died but nonetheless had paid the money to the respondent, who used it to maintain the three surviving children.       He   held   that   it   would   not   be   in   the   interest   of   justice   to   order   the respondent, who had not put the money to personal use, to refund it to the appellant. An appeal to the High Court from the magistrate’s decision failed on the same ground. S. C. 76/02 This appeal is against the judgment of the High Court.   I do not think the court a quo needed to base its decision on the alleged waiver by the appellant of a right to discontinue the payment of the maintenance after the death of the child. The   issue   should   have   been   disposed   of   by   the   application   of   the provisions   of   s 11(1)(a),   as   read   with   s 11(1)(4)   of   the   Maintenance   Act [Chapter 5:09] (“the Act”), which state that: “11 (1) Subject to subsection (4), an order made in favour of a child shall, with respect to that child, cease if and when – (a) the child dies;   … (2) … (3) … (4) Where   an   order   has   been   made   in   favour  of   more   than   one person and the amount due to each person under the order has not been apportioned, the   order   shall   not   cease   with   respect   to   any   of   those   persons   in   circumstances specified in subsection (1) … but shall remain in force until varied or discharged in accordance with section 8.” The order made against the appellant was that he should pay $850 per month for the maintenance of the four children without apportioning amounts due to each child.   It is common cause that at the time the respondent obtained the variation S. C. 76/02 order   on   23 March   2000   for   the   maintenance   of   the   three   surviving   children   the appellant   had   not   had   the   original   order   varied   by   the   maintenance   court   on   the ground that one of the children had died.     Without a variation order having been made in terms of s 11(1)(4) of the Act, the appellant was under a duty to pay the amount of $850 per month towards the maintenance of the three surviving children. There was no question of him acting through volition.   He was bound by law to pay the money. The appeal is dismissed with costs. SANDURA  JA:     I   agree. ZIYAMBI  JA:     I   agree.