Juliet Nalwoga v Buzubu Charles & Ors (High Court Civil Suit No. 768 of 1998) [2001] UGHC 20 (9 May 2001) | Negligence | Esheria

Juliet Nalwoga v Buzubu Charles & Ors (High Court Civil Suit No. 768 of 1998) [2001] UGHC 20 (9 May 2001)

Full Case Text

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\msmallFrac0\mdispDef1\mlMargin0\mrMargin0\mdefJc1\mwrapIndent1440\mintLim0\mnaryLim1}{\info{\title THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA }{\author DELL}{\operator jessica}{\creatim\yr2009\mo11\dy9\hr13\min59}{\revtim\yr2010\mo1\dy25\hr1\min25}{\version10}{\edmins51} {\nofpages7}{\nofwords2447}{\nofchars12181}{\nofcharsws14599}{\vern32859}}{\*\xmlnstbl {\xmlns1 http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2003/wordml}}\paperw12240\paperh15840\margl1440\margr1440\margt1440\margb1440\gutter0\ltrsect \widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\trackmoves1\trackformatting1\donotembedsysfont0\relyonvml0\donotembedlingdata1\grfdocevents0\validatexml0\showplaceholdtext0\ignoremixedcontent0\saveinvalidxml0\showxmlerrors0\noxlattoyen \expshrtn\noultrlspc\dntblnsbdb\nospaceforul\hyphcaps0\formshade\horzdoc\dgmargin\dghspace180\dgvspace180\dghorigin1440\dgvorigin1440\dghshow1\dgvshow1 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)}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qc \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9525639 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid9525639\charrsid5528126 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 IN THE H}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9525639\charrsid5528126 IGH COURT OF UGANDA AT KAMPALA \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 HIGH CO}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9525639\charrsid5528126 URT CIVIL SUIT NO.768 OF 1998 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10371777 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 JULIET NALWOGA }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5528126 :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 PLAINTIFF }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9525639\charrsid5528126 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qc \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9525639 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9525639\charrsid5528126 VE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 RSUS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9525639\charrsid5528126 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10371777 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 1. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9525639\charrsid5528126 BUZUBU CHARLES] \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid5528126 2. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 NSUBUGA RICHARD]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9525639\charrsid5528126 :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 DEF}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9525639\charrsid5528126 ENDANT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid5528126 S \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9525639\charrsid5528126 3. KIBUKA GODFREY] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9525639\charrsid5528126 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 BEFORE: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 THE HONOUR}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid9525639\charrsid5528126 ABLE MR. JUSTICE E. S. LUGAYIZI \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 JUDGMENT }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9525639\charrsid5528126 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 The plaintiff filed an action for negligence against the defendants at the Chief Magistrate\rquote s Court o f Mengo. She sought, among other things, remedies in respect of personal injuries that she sustained as a result of an accident involving two motor vehicles, that is to say, mini-buses registration Nos.767 UAV and 375 UBA. The defendants (who had been ser ved with summons) did not enter appearance. As a result the plaintiff obtained an interlocutory judgment against them. However, subsequently the plaintiff made an applic}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16197184\charrsid5528126 ation to this Court to have the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 suit }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16197184\charrsid5528126 transferred to the High Court and that application was granted on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 1st March, 2000. Later on, the hearing of this suit began and the plaintiff called four witnesses in sup}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16197184\charrsid5528126 port of her case. They were, Nal}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 woga Juliet Kizito (PW1); Dr.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16197184\charrsid5528126 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 Sebuliba (PW2); No. 26078 Corporal Bachwa Samuel (PW3); and Inspector Wakoli James (PW4) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16197184\charrsid5528126 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 In very brief terms those w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5528126 itnesses testified as follows; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2635699\charrsid5528126 that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 on 31}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid10371777\charrsid2635699 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 March, 1997 Nalwoga (PW1) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16197184\charrsid5528126 travelled}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 as a fee paying passenger in a mini-bus registration No.767 UAV on Namirembe Road near Kampala. The mini-bus headed for th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16197184\charrsid5528126 e city centre. Before it reached the city centre it stopped along}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 the w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16197184\charrsid5528126 ay to enab} {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 le some passengers to disembark. However, as it moved once again, another mini-bus registration No.375 UBA came from the opposite direction. It was going up the hill and as it tried to ove rtake another vehicle it failed to do so. It swerved to its right hand side and collided with the mini-bus that carried Nalwoga. She was severely injured. She was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16197184\charrsid5528126 rushed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 to Namirembe hospital and was given medical treatment for about 10 days. During that p eriod she was operated upon. On discharge she continued to be unwell until now. She has a disability of between 15% to 20%. As a result of the accident, she also lost a semester that she had already paid for at Makerere University. In all, she prayed Cour t to grant her special and general damages for the injuries and the loss she suffered, in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5528126 terest, and costs of the suit. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 In deciding this suit, the followi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16197184\charrsid5528126 ng issues have to be resolved, \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 1. Whether there as an acci}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16197184\charrsid5528126 dent on Namirembe road that involved mini bu ses registration Nos. 767 UAV and 375 UBA on 31st March, 1997? \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 2. Whether the plaintiff was travelling as a passenger in any of those mini-buses and was injured as a result of the said}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16197184\charrsid5528126 accident on 31st March, 1997? \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 3. Whether the accident was caused by negligence on the part of any of the d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16197184\charrsid5528126 rivers of the said mini-buses? \par 4. Whether the defendants are}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16197184\charrsid5528126 liabl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 e? }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16197184\charrsid5528126 \endash \par 5. The available remedies. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 Court will deal with th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5528126 ose issues in the above order. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 With regard to the first issue, Nalwoga (PWl) testified that on 31}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid10371777\charrsid2635699 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 March, 1997 an accident occurred on Namirembe road between two mini-buses, namely, mini-buses registration Nos.767 UAV and 375 UBA. Her testimony was confirmed by No. 260}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16197184\charrsid5528126 78 Corporal Bachwa Samuel (PW3)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 . This police officer visited the scene of the acc ident soon after it had occurred and took measurements. He then caused the said mini-buses to be taken to Old Kampala Police Station for further investigations. Nalwoga\rquote s evidence and Corporal Bachwa\rquote s evidence was not challenged by the defendants because they chose not to appear and defend themselves in this suit. Court therefore accepts it as the correct version of what took place on Namirembe Road o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16197184\charrsid5528126 n 31}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid16197184\charrsid2635699 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16197184\charrsid5528126 March, 1997. For that reason, court is satisfied that the plaintiff }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11956401\charrsid5528126 proved its case on a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 balance of probabilities, that there was an accident on Namirembe road that involved mini-buses registration Nos. 767 UAV and 375 UBA on 31st March, 1997. In the circumstances, the first issue has been answered in the affirmative. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6704164\charrsid5528126 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 With regard to the secon d issue, Nalwoga (PW1) testified that on 31st March, 1997 in the morning hours she travelled as a passenger in mini-bus registration No.767 UAV. That was along Namirembe Road. The said motor vehicle was heading for the city centre when it had an accident. She was severely injur}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6704164\charrsid5528126 ed as a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2635699 result of the accident. She wa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6704164\charrsid5528126 s later taken to Namirembe Hospital}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 where she was admitted and treated for about 10 days. Nalwoga\rquote s hospitalization and the injuries she sustained were confirmed by Dr. Sebuliba (PW2) who gave he r medical attention soon after the accident. All that evidence was not challenged by the defendants because they chose not to appear and defend themselves in this suit. Court therefore accepts it as the correct version in respect of what happened to the p laintiff on 31}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid10371777\charrsid2635699 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 March, 1997. For that reason, Court is satisfied that the plaintiff proved, on a balance of probabilities, that she was travelling as a passenger in mini-bus registration No.767 UAV and was injured as a result of an accident that involved t he mini-bus in which she travelled and mini-bus registration No.375 UBA on 31}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid10371777\charrsid2635699 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 March, 1997. In the circumstances, the second issue has been answered in the affirmative. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6881987\charrsid5528126 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 With regard to the third issue, it is the plaintiff\rquote s case that the accident in question was solely cau}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6881987\charrsid5528126 sed by the negligence of the driver of the mini-bus registration No.375 UBA. Negligence as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 a tort is generally defined as \'93 the breach of a legal duty to take care which results in damage to the plaintiff\'94. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 (See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 Winfield and Jolowicz on Tort Ninth Edition at page 45). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 In paragraph 7 of the plaint,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6881987\charrsid5528126 the plaintiff spelt out the }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 following acts that she claimed amounted to acts of negligence on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6881987\charrsid5528126 the defendants\rquote driver\rquote s part, \par \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 [i] Failure to keep a proper look out o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6881987\charrsid5528126 r at all for other road users. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 [ii] Failure to take heed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6881987\charrsid5528126 of other approaching vehicles. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 [iii] Failure to slowdown, swerve or in any other way control the veh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6881987\charrsid5528126 icle so as to avoid collision. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 [iv] Overtaking other vehicle(s) witho}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6881987\charrsid5528126 ut regard to other road users. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 [v] Failure to keep to the left hand side of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6881987\charrsid5528126 the road as the law provided. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 [vi] Driving under t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6881987\charrsid5528126 he influence of drugs/alcohol. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 [vii] Driving ve}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6881987\charrsid5528126 ry fast in the circumstances.\'94 \par The crucial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 question to answer is whe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6881987\charrsid5528126 ther there is evidence on record to prove the above allegations? In his testimony }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 Corporal Bachwa Samuel (PW3), a police officer from Old Kampala Police Station testified that he visited the scene of the accident soon after the accident in question had occ urred. He noticed that mini-buses registration Nos. 676 UAV and 375 UBA had collided on a hilly spot along Namirembe Road. However, before the said mini-buses collided, mini-bus registration No.375 UBA was travelling on the left hand side of the road and was proceeding to Namirembe, and mini-bus registration No. 767 UAV was travelling on the right hand side of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6881987\charrsid5528126 road and heading for the town centre, At the time of the collusion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 , mini-bus registration No.375 UBA was overtaking another motor vehicle when it failed to do so. It then swerved to its right hand side and rammed into mini-bus registration No.767 UAV. Bachwa Samuel (PW3) was of the opinion that the driver of mini-bus registration No.375 UBA was responsible for the accident in question. He was over taking another motor vehicle on a hill; and that is something he ought not to have done. Bachwa\rquote s evidence was not challenged because the defendants chose not to appear and defend themselves. In Court\rquote s opinion that evidence covers the acts of negligence th at were complained of by the plaintiff in paragraph 7(1) to 7(v) and 7(vii) of the plaint. For that reason, the driver of mini-bus registration No.375 UBA was clearly in breach of a duty that he owed other road users when he drove that minibus in such a w ay as to cause a collision between his mini-bus and mini-bus registration No.767 UAV. In the circumstances, Court must hold that the accident in question was caused by the negligenc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6881987\charrsid5528126 e on the part of the driver of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 mini-bus registration }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6881987\charrsid5528126 No. 375 UBA. The third issue is therefore answered in the affirmative.

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 With regard to the fourth issue, the Police Form that bears the details of the accident in question (Exh.\'94P5\'94) shows that the registered owner of mini-bus registration No.375 UBA is }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 BUZUBU }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 CHARLES (the 1st d efendant). Indeed Buzubu Charles did not appear to defend himself in this suit. That tacitly means that he admitted that whoever was driving mini-bus registration No.375 UBA at the time of the accident had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6881987\charrsid5528126 his authority to do so and was doing it in the course of his employment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6881987\charrsid5528126 In the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 circumstances, Buzubu Charles (the 1st defendant) is bound by the negligence of whoever was driving mini-bus registration No.375 UBA on 31st March 1997 when it collided with mini-bus registration No.767 UAV along Namirembe roa d and caused injury to the plaintiff. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid6881987\charrsid5528126 ; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 Muwonge v A. G [1967] E. A. 17). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6881987\charrsid5528126 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 Be that as it may, paragraph 11 of the plaint indicates that the plaintiff sued the remaining two defendants (i.e. the 2nd and 3rd defendants) as beneficial owners of mini-bus regi stration No.375 UBA. However, the plaintiff did not produce an iota of evidence to prove that claim. In the circumstances, despite the fact that the 2nd and 3rd defendants did not appear to defend themselves, Court will not hold them liable for the neglig ence of the driver of the mini-bus in question because the plaintiff failed to establish a nexus between them and that mini-bus. For those reasons, the fourth issue is answered in the affirmative in respect of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1004674\charrsid5528126 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid1004674\charrsid5528126 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1004674\charrsid5528126 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 defendant and in the negative in respect of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1004674\charrsid5528126 the 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid1004674\charrsid5528126 nd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1004674\charrsid5528126 and 3}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid1004674\charrsid5528126 rd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12939644\charrsid5528126 defendants. It follows that the interlocutory }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 judgment that was earlier on entered against the 2nd and 3rd defendants must be set aside; and it is so ordered. This suit is therefore dismissed against the 2nd and 3rd defendants. However , since the two defendants did not appear to defend themselves, Court w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12939644\charrsid5528126 ill make no order as to costs. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 With regard to the fifth issue, the plaintiff is seeking special and general damages, interest and costs. The law is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6693628\charrsid5528126 that special damages must be specifically pleaded and strictly pr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 oved. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 (See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid6693628\charrsid5528126 Estate of Shamji}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid6693628\charrsid5528126 Visram}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\ul\insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid6693628\charrsid5528126 Kur}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 ji Karsan v Shaukesprasad Magaulal Bhatt and Anor. Civil Appeal No.25 of 19.64 reported in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 1965]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 E. A 789 at page 796)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 . The plaintiff specifically pleaded the particulars of special damages in paragraph 8 of the plaint as f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6693628\charrsid5528126 ollows; \par I] Medical expenses \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 371,700/= \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 ii] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6693628\charrsid5528126 Police accident report \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 5,000/= \par iii] Tuition fees \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 450,000/= \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6693628 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6693628\charrsid5528126 v] Late registration fees \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 6,000/= \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab -----------------------\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 832, 700/= }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6693628\charrsid5528126 \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab ============ \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10371777 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 Court is also satisfied that the plaintiff strictl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6693628\charrsid5528126 y proved the details of special }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 damages when she produced the rele}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6693628\charrsid5528126 vant receipts, namely, Exhs. \'93P1A\'94, \'93P1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 B\'94, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6693628\charrsid5528126 \'93P1}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 C\'94, \'93P2\'94 and the police accident report that she must have paid for. Court will therefore awar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6693628\charrsid5528126 d her the special damages.

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 With regard to general damages, it should be remembered that the aim of damages is to compensate the plaintiff for the loss suffered as a result of the tortious act committed against her. }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 (See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6693628\charrsid5528126 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 Visram Karsan v Bhatt [1965] E. A. 789 at page 796). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 Courts have always endeavoured to achieve the above aim by applying the principle that the injured party must as far as is possible be put, in terms of money, in as good a position as if the wrong complained of had not been committed. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 (See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6693628\charrsid5528126 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 Phillips v Ward [1956) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid6693628\charrsid5528126 I ALLE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 R 874).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 Although there is no mathematical formula that enables Courts to get precise results, awards }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6693628\charrsid5528126 in decided case: are always a good guide in arriving }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 at the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6693628\charrsid5528126 required figure}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 . Court was unable}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 to lay its hands on recent decisions that provide a good comparison with the circumstances of this case. It will therefore use two old decisions as a guide for the award in this case. In the case of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 Shaukatali Usufali Tejani v }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid6693628\charrsid5528126 Abdu Nuru Sentam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 u HCCS 450/68 (Goudie J) reported in M. B.56/69, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 the plaintiff suffered a fractured}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 rib and deep tissue injuries to the chest wall, and a shoulder injury with 10% limitation upon movement of the arm. Her disability was assessed at 5%.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6693628\charrsid5528126 She was awarded a sum of Shs.11}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 ,670/= as general damages. Using the US dollar as a base, that award would presently be the equivalent of Shs.3,000,000/= (i.e. 11,670 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6693628\charrsid5528126 / }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 7 x 1800}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2635699\charrsid5528126 ). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 In the case of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 Dominiko Okello & Others v AG HCCS 22/70 reported in M. B. 62 of 70,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 the plaintiff suffered injury to his chest involving fractured ribs. The most serious injury was found to be bruising of the heart. He was detained in hospital for 22 days and had to convalesce for 6 weeks after}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6693628\charrsid5528126 wards. He was awarded a sum of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 Shs.30,000/= as general damages. Presently, that award would be the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6693628\charrsid5528126 equivalent of Shs.7,714,000/= (i.e. 30,000 / 7 X 1800). In t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5528126 he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 instant case, the plaintiff fractured 6 ribs in the accident. Her liver was lacerated. She bled a lot internally. She was operated upon and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8015595\charrsid5528126 hospitalized}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 for 10 days. Presently, her chest pains and she cannot sit for long. Her disability was estimated by Dr. Sebuliba to be between 15% - 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5528126\charrsid5528126 0%. Although the plaintiff\rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 situation compares well with that of the plaintiff in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid5528126\charrsid5528126 Dominiko Okell}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 o (supra), }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 it is slightly more serious than Okello\rquote s in that Nalwoga continues to feel pain until now. In Court\rquote s view she deserves a slightly higher award. Therefore taking into account all including the depreciation of the Uganda}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5528126\charrsid5528126 shilling vis-a-vis the dollar since Domin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 iko }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 Okello }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 supr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid5528126\charrsid5528126 a)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5528126\charrsid5528126 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 was decided Cou}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5528126\charrsid5528126 rt thinks that a sum of Shs.10}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 m/= would be adequate as general damages for the injuries the plaintiff suffere}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5528126\charrsid5528126 d in the accident in question. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 With regard to interest on special damages, the plaintiff prayed for a figure of 45% @ annum from the date of filing the suit until payment in full. There is no evidence on record that the plaintiff obtained a bank loan to pay for the expenses she incu rred under the head of special damages. Therefore the figure of 45%- interest @ annum is too high. In the circumstances, Court will grant her the figure of 15% interest @ annum }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5528126 in respect of special damages. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 All in all, final judgment is hereby entered in favour of the plaintiff against the 1st defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5528126\charrsid5528126 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 (Buzubu Ch}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5528126\charrsid5528126 arles) in the following terms; \par 1. The 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid5528126\charrsid5528126 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5528126\charrsid5528126 defendant shall pay the plaintiff special }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 damages in the sum of shs.8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5528126\charrsid5528126 32,700/=. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 2. The 1st defendant shall also pay the plaintiff a sum of sh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5528126\charrsid5528126 s.l0m/= as general damages. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 3. The 1st defendant shall further pay to the plaintiff interest on special damages at the rate of 15 @ annum from the date of filing this suit until p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5528126\charrsid5528126 ayment in full. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 4. The costs of this suit shall be borne by the 1st defendant. \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li5760\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin5760\itap0\pararsid5528126 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid5528126\charrsid5528126 E. S. LUGAYIZI \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2635699 JUDGE \line 9/5/2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10371777\charrsid5528126 001 \par }{\*\themedata 504b030414000600080000002100828abc13fa0000001c020000130000005b436f6e74656e745f54797065735d2e786d6cac91cb6ac3301045f785fe83d0b6d8 72ba28a5d8cea249777d2cd20f18e4b12d6a8f843409c9df77ecb850ba082d74231062ce997b55ae8fe3a00e1893f354e9555e6885647de3a8abf4fbee29bbd7 2a3150038327acf409935ed7d757e5ee14302999a654e99e393c18936c8f23a4dc072479697d1c81e51a3b13c07e4087e6b628ee8cf5c4489cf1c4d075f92a0b 44d7a07a83c82f308ac7b0a0f0fbf90c2480980b58abc733615aa2d210c2e02cb04430076a7ee833dfb6ce62e3ed7e14693e8317d8cd0433bf5c60f53fea2fe7 065bd80facb647e9e25c7fc421fd2ddb526b2e9373fed4bb902e182e97b7b461e6bfad3f010000ffff0300504b030414000600080000002100a5d6a7e7c00000 00360100000b0000005f72656c732f2e72656c73848fcf6ac3300c87ef85bd83d17d51d2c31825762fa590432fa37d00e1287f68221bdb1bebdb4fc7060abb08 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