Kangari v Republic [2024] KEHC 12079 (KLR)

Kangari v Republic (Criminal Appeal E083 of 2023) [2024] KEHC 12079 (KLR) (8 October 2024) (Ruling)

Neutral citation: [2024] KEHC 12079 (KLR)

Republic of Kenya

In the High Court at Kibera

Criminal Appeal E083 of 2023

DR Kavedza, J

October 8, 2024

Between

Sarah Wangari Kangari

Appellant

and

Republic

Respondent

Ruling

1. The applicant was charged and after a full trial convicted for four counts of forgery contrary to section 345 as read with section 349 of the Penal Code. She was sentenced to serve 2 years imprisonment on each count. The sentences are to run concurrently. Being dissatisfied with the decision, she filed a petition of appeal.

2. Simultaneously, she filed a notice of motion dated 16th August 2024 seeking her release on reasonable bail and/or bond pending the hearing and determination of her appeal. The application is premised on the grounds on the face thereof which are reiterated in the supporting affidavit sworn by the applicant’s advocate of a similar date of a similar date. They are that the appeal has overwhelming chances of success. The appellant will have served a substantial part of the sentence. She was admitted to bail before the trial court and did not abscond. She is not a flight risk. She is elderly (68 years) and suffers from chronic health conditions she has been living with. She undertakes to abide by the terms set by the court.

3. The application was not opposed by the respondent.

4. I have considered the application, the submissions of the parties, and a petition of appeal. The issue that arises for determination is whether the applicant has met the threshold for the grant of bail for pending appeal.

5. The provision of law that applies to bond/bail pending appeal is section 357 of the Criminal Procedure Code (Cap 75) Laws of Kenya which provides as follows:(1)After the entering of an appeal by a person entitled to appeal, the High Court, or the subordinate court which convicted or sentenced that person, may order that he be released on bail with or without sureties, or, if that person is not released on bail, shall at his request order that the execution of the sentence or order appealed against shall be suspended pending the hearing of his appeal:

6. The principles for granting bond pending an appeal were reiterated in the case of Jivraj Shah v Republic [1986] KLR 605 which laid down the principles as follows:“(1)The principal consideration in an application for bond pending appeal is the existence of exceptional or unusual circumstances upon which the Court of Appeal can fairly conclude that it is in the interest of justice to grant bail.(2)If it appears prima face from the totality of the circumstances that the appeal is likely to be successful on account of some substantial point of law to be argued and that the sentence or substantial part of it will have been served by the time the appeal is heard, conditions for granting bail exists.(3)The main criteria are that there is no difference between overwhelming chances of success and a set of circumstances which disclose substantial merit in the appeal which could result in the appeal being allowed and the proper approach is the consideration of the particular circumstances and weight and relevance of the points to be argued."

7. In the case of Chimambhai vs Republic 1971 EA 343 J. Harris made another observation in such an application when he said;“The case of an appellant under sentence of imprisonment seeking bond lacks one of the strongest elements normally available to an accused person seeking bail before trial, namely, the presumption of innocence, but nevertheless the law of today frankly recognizes, to an extent at one time unknown, the possibility of the conviction being erroneous or the punishment excessive, a recognition which is implicit in the legislation creating the right of appeal in criminal cases……..”

8. Under Article 49 of the Constitution of Kenya an accused person who is facing a criminal charge has a right to bond because he is presumed to be innocent till proven guilty, unlike a case where one is already convicted.

9. I have carefully examined the grounds of appeal raised by the applicant. On the aspect of demonstration of exceptional or unusual circumstances, the court observes that the applicant has not demonstrated any unusual or exceptional circumstances to warrant the grant of bond pending appeal.

10. The appellant also argued that the appellant's appeal is likely to be determined after the sentence is served. The appellant was sentenced to a cumulative time of two years imprisonment. The applicant's apprehension, as I understood it is that the appeal will take a long to be heard.

11. Having carefully considered the application and perused the record of appeal in its entirety, I have considered the that the applicant is elderly and suffers from chronic illnesses. In addition, this court has also considered the history of the trial at the lower court and take note that the appellant neither missed court nor interfered with witnesses. As to whether the appellant’s appeal will be successful or not, this court’s view is that this is a matter that can only be determined after the appeal has been canvassed. However, I am not satisfied that the said grounds disclose the existence of an appeal with overwhelming chances of success. Whereas the appellant may succeed in arguing the said grounds at the hearing of the appeal, I am not satisfied that the chances of the appeal succeeding are overwhelming.

12. The most important fact that this court has taken into account is that the appeal may not be heard and determined to conclusion before the appellant has served a substantial part of her sentence. The modus operendi of this court, having taken judicial notice of the fact that judiciary secretaries are overwhelmed with typing bulky proceedings, is to call for untyped proceeding for purposes of handling applications for revision, miscellaneous applications and other interlocutory appeals. As I write this ruling, the proceedings of the subordinate court are yet to be typed hence a certified record of appeal is not ready. In the Chimambai vs Republic (supra) it was held that anticipated delay in the hearing of the appeal together with other factors may be grounds for grant of bail pending appeal.

13. For the above reasons, I am inclined to consider the applicant’s application favourably.

14. The court, in the circumstances, admits the applicant/appellant to a personal bond of Kshs. 500,000.

It is so ordered.

RULING DATED AND DELIVERED VIRTUALLY THIS 8THDAY OF OCTOBER 2024D. KAVEDZAJUDGEIn the presence of:Mr. Maroro for the StateMr. Musa for the AppellantAchode Court Assistant.