Kebirungi v M/s Road Trainers Ltd & Ors (Miscellaneous Application No. 285 of 2003) [2003] UGHC 65 (1 September 2003)

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.}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}} {\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8 \pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \s15\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10170057 \b\fs24\ul\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid10170057\charrsid10170057 THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA \par }\pard\plain \s16\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10170057 \b\fs24\ul\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid10170057\charrsid10170057 IN THE HIGH COURT OF UGANDA AT KAMPALA \par MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATION No. 285 OF 2003 \par }\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10170057 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\ul\insrsid10170057\charrsid10170057 (ARISING FROM CIVIL SUIT No. 687 OF 2002)

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10170057 {\insrsid10170057\charrsid10170057 KEBIRUNGI JUSTINE ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: PLAINTIFF \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10170057 {\insrsid10170057\charrsid10170057 -VERSUS- \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\charrsid10170057 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-360\li360\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar \jclisttab\tx360\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid10170057 {\insrsid10170057\charrsid10170057 M/S ROAD TAINERS LTD \tab \} \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\charrsid10170057 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2)\tab}M/S SPEDAD (U) LTD \tab \}:::::::::::::::::::::::::: DEFENDANTS \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\charrsid10170057 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3)\tab}WANYOIKE THENGE NJUNGUNA\tab \} \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10170057 {\b\ul\insrsid10170057\charrsid10170057 R U L I N G}{\b\insrsid10170057\charrsid10170057 :- \par \par }\pard\plain \s17\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10170057 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid10170057\charrsid10170057 The plaintiff filed an application under Order 6 rule 18 for an order to amend a plaint. When the applicati on was set for hearing Mr Kihika who appeared for the Respondent assisted by Mr Ssekatawa raised a preliminary objection contending among other things that the plaint was bad in law for the reason that it did not give particulars of negligence as required by law. For that reason the Learned Counsel contended that the plaint did not disclose a cause of action and as such, it could not be amended. The Learned Counsel relied on the case of }{\ul\insrsid10170057\charrsid10170057 Mukasa Vs Singh & Others [1969] EA 442}{\insrsid10170057\charrsid10170057 . The Learned Counsel submi tted further that even the intended amendment could not cure the defect as it did not also have particulars of negligence. Instead it sought to introduce another cause of action based no res ipsa loquitor. \par }\pard\plain \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10170057 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid10170057\charrsid10170057 \par Mr Ssekatawa supported the objection and cont ended further that even the affidavit in support of the application to amend the plaint was incurably defective for offending the provision of rule 8 of the first schedule to commissioners for Oath (Advocates) Act Cap. 53 Laws of Uganda. The Learned Coun sel accordingly submitted that there was no application to amend a nullity. \par \par Mr Alex Bashasha who appeared for the Applicant opposed the preliminary objection and contended that the question of particulars was a were technicality in law. The Learned Couns el referred me to a litany of cases which were not relevant to the issue in contention. They would be relevant in the substantive application for amendment of pleading: the cases are: }{\ul\insrsid10170057\charrsid10170057 Stewart Vs. Metropolitan Tramways Co [1886] 16 QBD 556, 558 and Coopers Vs. Smith [1884] Ch D 711}{\insrsid10170057\charrsid10170057 . \par \par On the second leg of the preliminary objection relating to rule 8 of the First Schedule to Commissioner for Oaths (Advocates) Act Cap 53, the Learned Counsel relied on the case of }{\ul\insrsid10170057\charrsid10170057 Uganda Corp. Creamaries Ltd & Another Vs Reamoton Ltd. Civil Application No. 44 of 1998}{\insrsid10170057\charrsid10170057 (unreported) where Engwau JA held that substantive justice should be administered without undue regard to technicalities. He concluded that to allow the objection would be unjust as it would tantamount to shutting out the litigant. \par \par I will deal with the second leg of the preliminary objection first. In the case of }{\ul\insrsid10170057\charrsid10170057 Uganda Corp. Creamaries Ltd & Another Vs Reamoton Ltd}{\insrsid10170057\charrsid10170057 . (supra), there was a preliminary objection that the original and supplementary affidavits supporting the Notice of Motion were incurably defective for offending rule 8 of the First Schedule to Commissioner for Oaths (Advocates) Act Cap 53 Laws of Uganda for the reason that the exhibits to those affidavits were not sealed and marked with serial letter of identification. Engwau, JA held as follows:- \par \par }\pard \qj \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10170057 {\insrsid10170057\charrsid10170057 \'93 In my view, whether or not those annextures have been securely sealed with the seal of the advocate who commissioned the affidavits thereof, does not offend Rule 8 because they were not exhibits pro duced and exhibited to a Court during a trial or hearing in proof of facts. In any case, the annextures in the present case were not in dispute. }{\ul\insrsid10170057\charrsid10170057 Even if those annextures were detached, the affidavits thereof would still be competent to support the Notice of Motion. Rule 8, though mandatory, is procedural and does not go to the root as to competence of affidavits}{ \insrsid10170057\charrsid10170057 . In the premises, substantive justice should be administered without undue regard to technicalities\'94. \par \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10170057 {\insrsid10170057\charrsid10170057 In light of the above authority, the se cond leg of the preliminary objection collapses. Rule 8 in merely procedural and does not go to the root as to the competence of affidavits. \par \par I move to the first leg where Counsel contended that the plaint does not disclose particulars of negligence. The offending paragraphs are paragraphs 7,8 and 9 which are as follows:- \par \par }\pard \qj \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10170057 {\insrsid10170057\charrsid10170057 \'937 On the 9}{\super\insrsid10170057\charrsid10170057 th}{\insrsid10170057\charrsid10170057 October 2001 the above mentioned motor vehicle semi-trailer being negligently driven by the 3}{\super\insrsid10170057\charrsid10170057 rd}{\insrsid10170057\charrsid10170057 Defendant knocked the Plaintiff\rquote s vehicle corona 452 UDS at Jinja Road round about at Jinja Road and caused extensive damage to the Plaintiff\rquote s car. The driver who was obviously at fault was convicted at Buganda Road Court and fine (Sic) on 12/10/2001 under Criminal Case No. UNPT 1871/2001. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\charrsid10170057 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 8.\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-360\li1080\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar \jclisttab\tx1080\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid10170057 {\insrsid10170057\charrsid10170057 The damage caused by the driver\rquote s negl igence for which the registered owners and their agents are vicariously liable cost the Plaintiff\rquote s Ug. Shs.5,054,700/= in repairs of the car. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\charrsid10170057 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 9.\tab}The Plaintiff shall contend that the said accident was caused by the gross negligence of the 3}{\super\insrsid10170057\charrsid10170057 rd }{\insrsid10170057\charrsid10170057 Defendant in the course of his employment with the 1}{\super\insrsid10170057\charrsid10170057 st}{\insrsid10170057\charrsid10170057 and 2}{\super\insrsid10170057\charrsid10170057 nd}{\insrsid10170057\charrsid10170057 Defendants. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10170057 {\insrsid10170057\charrsid10170057 \par }\pard \qj \li1080\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid10170057 {\ul\insrsid10170057\charrsid10170057 Particulars of Negligence}{\insrsid10170057\charrsid10170057 :- \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\charrsid10170057 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-360\li1800\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar \jclisttab\tx1800\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1800\itap0\pararsid10170057 {\insrsid10170057\charrsid10170057 Driving recklessly without due regard to other road users. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10170057 {\insrsid10170057\charrsid10170057 \par }\pard\plain \s21\qj \li1800\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1800\itap0\pararsid10170057 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid10170057\charrsid10170057 The relevant paragraphs in the proposed amendment are paragraphs 9 and 10:- \par }\pard\plain \qj \li1800\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1800\itap0\pararsid10170057 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid10170057\charrsid10170057 \'939.\tab The Plaintiff will aver that the Defendants have absolutely \par }\pard \qj \fi60\li2160\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid10170057 {\insrsid10170057\charrsid10170057 no defence to the suit and reliance will at the trial be placed on the principle of res ipsa loquitor but without prejudice to averments contained in paragraphs 6,7,8 and 10. \par }\pard \qj \li1440\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10170057 {\insrsid10170057\charrsid10170057 10.\tab The Plaintiff will aver that the accident was caused solely by \par }\pard \qj \fi720\li1440\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10170057 {\insrsid10170057\charrsid10170057 the negligence of the 2}{\super\insrsid10170057\charrsid10170057 nd}{ \insrsid10170057\charrsid10170057 Defendant who drove motor vehicle \par }\pard \qj \li2160\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid10170057 {\insrsid10170057\charrsid10170057 No. KAH 056G/2B/3819/M/BENZ recklessly without due regard to other road users. As a result of the accident the Plaintiff suffered loss and damages for which she hold the Defendant liable\'94. \par \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10170057 {\insrsid10170057\charrsid10170057 What amounts to particulars of negligence was clearly stated in the case of }{ \ul\insrsid10170057\charrsid10170057 Mukasa Vs. Singh and others [1969] EA 422}{\insrsid10170057\charrsid10170057 where Sheridan, Ag. C. J (as he then was) held that particulars of negligence must be pleaded and that even in a suit where the doctrine of res ipsa loquitor is going to be invoked it is still necessary to plead particulars of negligence. The Learned Judge had this to say:- \par }\pard \qj \li2160\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid10170057 {\insrsid10170057\charrsid10170057 \par }\pard\plain \s22\qj \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10170057 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid10170057\charrsid10170057 \'93 It is not enough to plead the mere fact of an accident between three motor vehicles on the highway. Nor do the bare words \'93 drove their respective vehicles so negligently that they collided and as a result of the accident Mary Namakula died from injuries she sustained in the accident\'94 in paragraph 4 save the plaint. \par }\pard\plain \qj \li2880\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid10170057 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid10170057\charrsid10170057 \par }\pard\plain \s18\qj \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10170057 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid10170057\charrsid10170057 The doctrine of res ipsa loquito r is concerned with the onus of proof and is not a substitute of negligence \'85\'85 . The Plaintiff must first plead the particulars of negligence on which he relies, and which will be binding on him, before he can shift the onus of disproving negligence onto the Applicant.\'94. \par }\pard\plain \qj \li2880\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid10170057 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid10170057\charrsid10170057 \par }\pard\plain \s17\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10170057 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid10170057\charrsid10170057 From the above quotation I do agree with Counsel for the Defendant that the mere words \'93driving recklessly without due regard to other road users\'94 do not amount to particulars of negligence. Those are bare words which only point to the fact of an accident. The Plaintiff should have gone ahead to state particulars of negligence proposed in Atkin\rquote s Court Forms and Precedents (relied upon by the Learned Judge) as follows:- \par }\pard\plain \qj \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10170057 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\insrsid10170057\charrsid10170057 \'93}{ \b\ul\insrsid10170057\charrsid10170057 Particulars of negligence}{\b\insrsid10170057\charrsid10170057 :- \par }{\insrsid10170057\charrsid10170057 The Defendant was negligent in that he \endash \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\charrsid10170057 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (i)\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-720\li1440\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar \jclisttab\tx1440\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10170057 {\insrsid10170057\charrsid10170057 threw the said, (sack) on to the said highway with knowledge or means of knowledge that it might cause injury to people thereon; \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\charrsid10170057 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (ii)\tab}with knowledge or means of knowledge as aforesaid caused or permitted the said (sack) to fall upon the said highway; \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\charrsid10170057 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (iii)\tab}failed to keep away or any proper lookout or to have regard for persons using the said highway\'94. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10170057 {\insrsid10170057\charrsid10170057 \par Even the proposed amendment does not cure the above defect as it is still devoid of particulars of negligence. Instead the Plaintiff sought to rely on the doctrine of res ipsa loquitor. According to the case of }{\ul\insrsid10170057\charrsid10170057 Mukasa Vs Singh & Others}{\insrsid10170057\charrsid10170057 (supra), the doctrine of res ipsa loquitor is not a substitute for proof of negligence. The Plaintiff must first plead particulars of negligence on which he relies before he can sh ift the onus of disproving negligence on to the Defendant by pleading res ipsa loquitor. \par \par In a sheer desperation the Learned Counsel for the Plaintiff contended that the need for particulars of negligence was a mere technically in law. }{\i\insrsid10170057\charrsid10170057 }{\insrsid10170057\charrsid10170057 I don\rquote t agree with that proposition. I find support in the case of }{\ul\insrsid10170057\charrsid10170057 H. J. Stanley & Sons Ltd Vs. Akberali Saleh [1963] EA 574}{\insrsid10170057\charrsid10170057 where Spry J held as follows:- \par }\pard \qj \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10170057 {\insrsid10170057\charrsid10170057 \'93 It is always distasteful to decide any issue on technical grounds rather than substantial merit, but that }{\ul\insrsid10170057\charrsid10170057 rules of pleading have been evolved in general interest so that all parties may know the allegations they have to meet and that issues may be framed and justice done without undue delay\'94}{\insrsid10170057\charrsid10170057 Emphasis added. \par \par }\pard\plain \s17\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10170057 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid10170057\charrsid10170057 In light of the above authority, I find that giving particul ars of negligence is not a mere technicality but a substantial merit as it is from it that the Defendant is able to know the allegations to meet and the type of defence to prepare. The sum total of the above is that the Court will find it easy to frame issues and determine the suit without undue delay. \par }\pard\plain \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10170057 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid10170057\charrsid10170057 \par For the above reason I find that the plaint (both original and the amendment) does not disclose any cause of action. The same is accordingly struck out with costs. The Plaintiff can go back to the drawing board if she so wishes. \par \par }\pard\plain \s1\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\keepn\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10170057 \b\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid10170057\charrsid10170057 RUBBY AWERI-OPIO

\par }\pard\plain \s2\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\keepn\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10170057 \b\fs24\ul\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid10170057\charrsid10170057 J U D G E

\par }\pard\plain \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10170057 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\insrsid10170057\charrsid10170057 1/9/2003. \par }{\ul\insrsid10170057\charrsid10170057 1/9/2003}{\insrsid10170057\charrsid10170057 :- \par Bashasha for the Plaintiff. \par Kihika for the Defendant. \par Ruling heard in Chambers as in open Court. \par \par \par }\pard\plain \s1\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\keepn\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10170057 \b\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid10170057\charrsid10170057 RUBBY AWERI-OPIO

\par }\pard\plain \s2\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\keepn\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10170057 \b\fs24\ul\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid10170057\charrsid10170057 J U D G E

\par }\pard\plain \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10170057 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\insrsid10170057\charrsid10170057 1/9/2003. \par }{\insrsid10170057\charrsid10170057 \par }}