Kedi Martin v Uganda (Criminal Appeal No.123 of 1999) [2001] UGCA 16 (26 February 2001)

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.}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (} {\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9 \pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qc \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid2166515 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid7040079\charrsid3023377 THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA \line IN THE COURT OF }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid7040079\charrsid3023377 APPEAL }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid7040079\charrsid3023377 OF UGANDA \line HOLDEN AT }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3023377\charrsid3023377 KAMPALA \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid6182555 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid7040079\charrsid3023377 CORAM: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6182555 \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid7040079\charrsid3023377 HON. JUSTICE C. M. KATO, JA. \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3023377 \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6182555 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid7040079\charrsid3023377 HON. JUSTICE S. G. ENGWAU, JA \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3023377 \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6182555 \tab } {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid7040079\charrsid3023377 HON. JUSTICE C. N. B KITUMBA, JA. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3023377 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qc \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid2166515 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid7040079\charrsid3023377 CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 123 OF 1999. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3023377 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3023377\charrsid3023377 KEDI MARTIN \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3023377 \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3023377\charrsid3023377 \'85\'85\'85\'85 \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85APPELLANT \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7040079\charrsid3023377 VERSUS \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3023377\charrsid3023377 UGANDA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7040079\charrsid3023377 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3023377\charrsid3023377 \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3023377 \'85\'85}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3023377\charrsid3023377 \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85 .. RESPONDENT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7040079\charrsid3023377 \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7040079\charrsid2166515 (Appeal against both the conviction and sentence \line of the High court at Soroti ( Kania J.) dated 11.11.99 in Criminal Sessio}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3023377 n Case No. 392 of 1999). \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid7040079\charrsid3023377 JUDGMENT }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid7040079\charrsid3023377 OF THE COURT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid2166515 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid2166515 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7040079\charrsid2166515 The appellant, Kedi Martin, was tried and convicted by the High Court sitting at Soroti of murder, contrary to sections 183 and 184 of the Penal Code Act and sentenced to death. \par The brief facts of the case leading to his conviction are that on 30.3.98 the deceased, Dongan Victor, was killed on his way back home from the market. The following day (31.3.98), the appellant reported to L. C. I Defence Secretary, one Opedor (PW2) that he had killed the deceased the previous day. He found PW2 drinking with other people at the home of one Egidio Obwookor. He took PW2 behind the house and informed him that he had killed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3023377 the deceased by strangulation. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7040079\charrsid2166515 On getting that informatio n, PW2 arrested the appellant and took him to the home of an L. C. I Chairman of the area, one Ajolo Emmanuel (PW3) where again the appellant confessed that he had killed the deceased and told them where he left the body. PW3 together with local chiefs went to the scene of crime and found the body. The police were called and after the examination of the body by the Clinical Officer, one Epalu Pantaleo (PW5), the police authorized the burial of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3023377 the deceased.

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7040079\charrsid2166515 The appellant was subsequently indicted for murder. He denied having committed the offence and raised the defence of alibi. He stated that on the fateful day he was grazing his cattle and thereafter remained at his home. He further denied confessing to PW2 and PW}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3023377 3 and said that he was made to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7040079\charrsid2166515 admit having killed the deceased because of torture by PW2 and one Agama who did not testify in this case. The learned trial judge did not believe the appellan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3023377 t\rquote s defence and convicted him. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7040079\charrsid2166515 There are 8 grounds of appeal, namely: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3023377 - \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7040079\charrsid2166515 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \fi-360\li720\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1 \widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid3023377 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7040079\charrsid2166515 \'93The learned trial judge erred in law and fact when he found that the evidence adduced was sufficient }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3023377 to prove that the death of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7040079\charrsid2166515 deceased was ca}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3023377 used with malice aforethought. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3023377 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7040079\charrsid2166515 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7040079\charrsid2166515 The learned trial judge erred when he found that there was sufficient evidence to identify the appellant as the person who cause}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3023377 d the death of the deceased.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3023377\charrsid3023377 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7040079\charrsid2166515 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7040079\charrsid2166515 The learned trial judge erred in law and fact when he convicted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3023377 the appellant on the basis of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3023377\charrsid2166515 circumstantial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7040079\charrsid2166515 evidenc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3023377 e that was not corroborated. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3023377\charrsid3023377 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7040079\charrsid2166515 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 4.\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7040079\charrsid2166515 The learned trial judge erred in law and fact when he found that the appellant had made a \line confession admitting t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3023377 hat he killed the deceased. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3023377\charrsid3023377 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7040079\charrsid2166515 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 5.\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7040079\charrsid2166515 The learned trial judge erred in law and fact when he convicted the appellant in disregard of the major inconsistencies, contradictions and hearsay contained in the ev}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3023377 idence of PW1, PW2 and PW3. }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3023377\charrsid3023377 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7040079\charrsid2166515 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 6.\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7040079\charrsid2166515 The learned trial judge erred when he ac}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3023377 cepted the evidence of PW4. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3023377\charrsid3023377 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7040079\charrsid2166515 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 7.\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7040079\charrsid2166515 The learned trial judge erred when he rejected and/or disregard }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3023377 ed the appellant\rquote s defence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3023377\charrsid3023377 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7040079\charrsid2166515 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 8.\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7040079\charrsid2166515 The learned trial judge erred when he found that the prosecution had proved its case beyond reasonable doubt.\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3023377\charrsid3023377 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid3023377 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7040079\charrsid2166515 At the hearing of this appeal, Mr. Cranimer Tayebwa, learned Counsel for the appellant, argued the above grounds in two batches. The first batch comprised of grounds 1,2,3,4 and 5 and the second batch consisted of grounds 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3023377\charrsid2166515 , 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3023377 and 8 together. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7040079\charrsid2166515 In the first batch aforesaid, it was the contention of Counsel for the appellant that the learned trial judge wrongly admitted and relied upon an admission (confession) allegedly made by the appellant to b oth PW2 and PW3 who were L. C. Officials of the area and based his conviction on that admission in complete defiance of the clear provisions of section 29 A of the Evidence Act which reads: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3023377 - \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid3023377 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7040079\charrsid2166515 29 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3023377\charrsid15074641 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid7040079\charrsid2166515 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3023377 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid7040079\charrsid2166515 Not withstanding the provisions of sections 24 and 25 of t his Act when any fact is deposed to as discovered in consequence of information received from a person whether it amounts to a confession or not as relates distinctly to the fact thereby discovered may be proved.\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3023377 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid2166515 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7040079\charrsid2166515 Learne d Counsel argued that since the appellant had retracted or repudiated the said confession (admission) on the allegation of torture, it was incumbent upon the prosecution to establish that the said admi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3023377 ssion was voluntarily made. It }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7040079\charrsid2166515 was therefore necessary for the learned trial judge to hold a trial within a trial in order to prove a fact whether or not the confession was made voluntarily. This was not done and that omission, according to Counsel, contravened the provisions of section 29 A of the Evidence A ct. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3023377 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7040079\charrsid2166515 Secondly, Counsel further complained that there were contradictions in the prosecution case. He submitted that evidence of PW 1, the wife of the deceased, was to the effect that the body of the deceased was found in the cattle track about 100 metres aw ay from her home and it was the L. C. Officials who led her to the scene. PW2 who did not go with either PW 1 or PW3 to the scene said that the body was found lying along a path some 200 metres away from the home of the deceased. Though PW2 did not disclos e the source of his information, PW3 who went to the scene of crime confirmed that the body was found lying along a path about 200 metres away from the home of the deceased, It was the contention of Counsel that PW 1, PW2 and PW3 had contradicted themselve s about the place where the body of the deceased was exactly found. In view of those contradictions, it was unsafe for the learned trial judge to rely on the admission allegedly made by}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3023377 the appellant to PW2 and PW3. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7040079\charrsid2166515 The third issue raised by Counsel for th e appellant once more relates to contradictions, this time, regarding time factor as to when the appellant actually made the alleged admission to both PW2 and PW3. PW1 testified that on 31.3.98 at about 8 a.m., the L. C. Officials came to her home while as king her for the whereabouts of her husband which she did not know, Later on the L. C. \lquote s led her to the place where the body of her husband was found, On the other hand, PW2, said that the appellant informed him of the death on 31.3.98 at about 9 a.m. while he was at the home of one Egidio Obwookor and yet PW3 said that he received the information about the death of the deceased from both PW2 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3023377 and the appellant at around 11 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7040079\charrsid2166515 a.m. In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3023377 Counsel\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3023377\charrsid2166515 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7040079\charrsid2166515 view, there was a doubt as to when the appellant allegedly made an admission to PW2 and PW3 regarding the death of the deceased and therefore it was unsafe for the learned trial judge to rely on the said ad}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3023377 mission to found a conviction. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7040079\charrsid2166515 Mr. Tayebwa\rquote s last complaint from this batch was that the cause of death is questionab le. The medical report compiled by the Medical Clinical Officer, Epalu Pantaleo (PW5) was to the effect that the neck of the deceased was twisted with the tongue hanging out. The face could turn and face the back. Blood was flowing from the face onto the chest. According to Counsel, this report was not conclusive about the cause of death. In the premises the court should have looked for further and better e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3023377 vidence on the cause of death. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7040079\charrsid2166515 In the 2nd batch, the thrust of the complaint relates to appellant\rquote s d efence of alibi. He said that on the fateful day he was looking after his cattle and thereafter remained at his home for the rest of the night. Learned Counsel submitted that it was imperative for the prosecution to destroy that defence of alibi which the learned trial judge made no mention of in his judgment. The prosecution failed to reb}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3023377 ut it beyond reasonable doubt. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7040079\charrsid2166515 On the other hand, Mr. Vincent Okwang, Principal State Attorney representing the State, supported both the conviction and sentence. He subm itted that the learned trial judge had correctly evaluated the evidence on record before admitting the admission made by the appellant to both PW2 and PW3 in their capacity as L. C Officials of the area. In the first place, it was the appellant who reporte d to PW2 about the death of the deceased. He took PW2 behind a house and confidentially informed him that he had killed his step father, the deceased, the previous day. He repeated the same admission }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15691872 to PW3 in the presence of PW2. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7040079\charrsid2166515 We agree with the Principal State Attorney that the conduct of the appellant to both PW2 and PW3, in effect, corroborated his admission. He }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15691872 could not have been tortured }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7040079\charrsid2166515 because nobody knew that the deceased was dead. The appellant trusted both PW2 and PW3 as people in authority an d informed them the manner in which he killed the deceased and the place where he had dumped the body which led to the recovery of the body. We are unable to fault the learned trial judge that he did not comply with the provisions of section 29 A of the E vidence Act and that he did no}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15691872 t also look for corroboration. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7040079\charrsid2166515 On the issue of where the body of the deceased was discovered, Mr. Okwang rightly, in our view, submitted that there is no major contradiction at all going to the root of the prosecution case. Ac cording to PW2, the body was found lying on a village path about 200 metres away from the home of the deceased. PW3 also said the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15691872 same thing. It was PW1 only who }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7040079\charrsid2166515 said that the body was found 100 metres away from her home. We think that the precise descript ion of the direction of the place by the appellant to PW2 and PW3 to the discovery of the body. We also find that any contradiction relating to the time when the death was known is not grave as to affect the prosecution case. We have considered lapse of m emory since the witnesses testified abo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15691872 ut 2 years after the incident. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7040079\charrsid2166515 As regards the cause of death, Mr. Okwang submitted rightly, in our view, that it was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15691872 the appellant who, on his own,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid7040079\charrsid2166515 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7040079\charrsid2166515 admitted voluntarily to both PW2 and PW3 that he had killed the decea sed. He described the manner in which he killed him and the place where he dumped his body to both witnesses in great detail as an insider. We find that the evidence of both PW2 and PW3 corroborated that of the appellant when he admitted having killed the deceased by strangling him. The neck is a vulnerable part of the body. We are inclined to believe the evidence of PW1, PW2, PW3 and PW5 who said that the death of the deceased was caused by the fatal injury he had sustained on the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15691872 neck. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7040079\charrsid2166515 On the defence of alibi, we agree with the Principal State Attorney that the learned trial judge adequately considered it in his judgment. The appellant had put himself squarely at the scene of crime when he admitted before PW2 and PW3 that he had killed his step father, t he deceased. He described in great detail the direction of the place where the body was found. This, in our view, was an act of an insider. We find, therefore, that the learned trial judge was justified in rejecting the appellant\rquote s defence of alibi. He had, on his own, put himself at the scene of crime. All in all, therefore, w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15691872 e find no merit in this appeal. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7040079\charrsid2166515 In the re}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15691872 sult, the appeal is dismissed. \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid15691872 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7040079\charrsid2166515 Dated at Kampala this }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15691872 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7040079\charrsid2166515 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15691872 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7040079\charrsid2166515 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15691872 day of February 2001. \par \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid15691872 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7040079\charrsid15691872 C. M KATO \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid7040079\charrsid15691872 JUSTICE OF APPEAL }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15691872\charrsid15691872 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid15691872 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15691872 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15691872\charrsid15691872 S. G. ENGWAU \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid15691872\charrsid15691872 JUSTICE O}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid7040079\charrsid15691872 F}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid15691872\charrsid15691872 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid7040079\charrsid15691872 APPEAL }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid15691872\charrsid15691872 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid15691872 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15691872 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7040079\charrsid15691872 C. N. 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