Kiyengo Zaverio v Uganda [2005] UGSC 6 (13 April 2005)

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{\nofcharsws10920}{\vern24689}}\paperw11905\paperh16837\margl1701\margr1840\margt1404 \widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\noxlattoyen\expshrtn\noultrlspc\dntblnsbdb\nospaceforul\hyphcaps0\horzdoc\dghspace120\dgvspace120\dghorigin1701\dgvorigin1984\dghshow0\dgvshow3 \jcompress\viewkind1\viewscale100\nolnhtadjtbl\rsidroot2891016 \fet0{\*\ftnsep \pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid2891016 \chftnsep \par }}{\*\ftnsepc \pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid2891016 \chftnsepc \par }}{\*\aftnsep \pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid2891016 \chftnsep \par }}{\*\aftnsepc \pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid2891016 \chftnsepc \par }}\sectd \sbknone\linex0\colsx60\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid2891016\sftnbj {\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}} {\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \s26\qc \li0\ri4\sb82\sl360\slmult1 \widctlpar\faauto\rin4\lin0\itap0\pararsid2891016 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs34\b\fs32\insrsid2891016 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF UGANDA }{\cs34\b\fs32\insrsid2891016 \par }{\cs34\b\fs32\insrsid2891016 HOLDEN AT MENGO \par }\pard\plain \s25\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2891016 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs20\insrsid2891016 \par }\pard \s25\qc \li0\ri0\sb125\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2891016 {\cs27\b\fs26\insrsid2891016 \par }{\cs27\b\fs26\insrsid2891016 CORAM: ODER, TSEKOOKO, KAROKORA, MULENGA AND \par }\pard \s25\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2891016 {\cs27\b\fs26\insrsid2891016 KANYEIHAMBA}{\cs27\b\fs26\insrsid2891016 JJ. S}{\cs27\b\fs26\insrsid2891016 . C. \par }{\cs30\b\fs26\insrsid2891016 \par }{\cs30\b\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 C}{\cs27\b\fs26\insrsid2891016 RIMINAL APPEAL NO. 35 OF 2003 \par BETWEEN \par }\pard \s25\qc \li307\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin307\itap0\pararsid2891016 {\cs27\b\fs26\insrsid2891016 \par }{\cs27\b\fs26\insrsid2891016 KIYENGO ZAVERIO::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::APPELLANT \par }\pard \s25\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2891016 {\cs27\b\fs26\insrsid2891016 AND \par }\pard \s25\qc \li240\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin240\itap0\pararsid2891016 {\cs27\b\fs26\insrsid2891016 UGANDA:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::RESPONDENT \par }\pard\plain \s16\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2891016 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs20\insrsid2891016 \par }\pard \s16\qj \li0\ri0\sb10\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2891016 {\cs28\b\i\fs22\insrsid2891016 (App}{\cs28\fs22\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs28\b\i\fs22\insrsid2891016 al from th}{ \cs28\fs22\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs28\b\i\fs22\insrsid2891016 judgm}{\cs28\fs22\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs28\b\i\fs22\insrsid2891016 nt of th}{\cs28\fs22\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs28\b\i\fs22\insrsid2891016 Court of App}{\cs28\fs22\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs28\b\i\fs22\insrsid2891016 al (Mukasa-Kikonyogo DC J, Mpagi-}{\cs28\fs22\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 B}{\cs28\b\i\fs22\insrsid2891016 ahig}{\cs28\fs22\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{ \cs28\b\i\fs22\insrsid2891016 in}{\cs28\fs22\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs28\b\i\fs22\insrsid2891016 , and Kitum}{\cs28\fs22\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{\cs28\b\i\fs22\insrsid2891016 a JJ. A.) at Kampala in Criminal App}{ \cs28\fs22\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs28\b\i\fs22\insrsid2891016 al No.24 of 2001 dat}{\cs28\fs22\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs28\b\i\fs22\insrsid2891016 d}{\cs28\b\i\fs22\insrsid2891016 }{\cs28\b\i\fs22\insrsid2891016 3.2.03 \par }\pard\plain \s25\ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2891016 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs20\insrsid2891016 \par \par \par }\pard \s25\qc \li0\ri0\sb235\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2891016 {\cs30\b\fs26\ul\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 J}{\cs27\b\fs26\ul\insrsid2891016 UDGMENT OF THE }{\cs30\b\fs26\ul\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 C}{ \cs27\b\fs26\ul\insrsid2891016 OURT}{\cs27\b\fs26\insrsid2891016 . \par }\pard\plain \s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb187\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2891016 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 Kiyengo Zaverio, the appellant, was convicted }{ \cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 y the High Court of Uganda, (Mukii}{\cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 i J.) sitting at Masindi, for th}{ \cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs33\i\f35\fs22\insrsid2891016 }{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 murd}{\cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 r of his fath}{ \cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 r, Ns}{\cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 r}{ \cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 ko John Mawa, the deceas}{\cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 d, and was sentenced to death. His appeal to the Court of Appeal was dismiss}{\cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 d, h}{\cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{ \cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 nc}{\cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs33\i\f35\fs22\insrsid2891016 }{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 this s}{\cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{ \cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 cond app}{\cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 al. \par }\pard \s15\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2891016 {\fs20\insrsid2891016 \par \par }{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 Th}{\cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs33\i\f35\fs22\insrsid2891016 }{\cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 videnc}{ \cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs33\i\f35\fs22\insrsid2891016 }{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 upon which the court }{\cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 ased the appellant's conviction is }{\cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 rief. On 20.11.99, at a}{\cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 out 4 p.m., the deceased visited the appellant's home. He found the appellant and a neigh}{\cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 our, one Birungi Alex, PW2, seated on a }{ \cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 ench outside the appellant's house, drinking enguri. He joined them. The three continued drinking up to a}{ \cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 out 7 p.m. when the appellant invited Birungi to the kitchen and then left him inside with Bya}{\cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{ \cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 ali Praxida, PW3, and Pauline Zikuza, }{\cs36\fs26\insrsid2891016 PW4, }{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 the appellant's wife and daughter respectively. The appellant returned to the deceased who had remained outside sitting on the }{ \cs32\f35\fs22\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 ench alone. He then hit the deceased on the head twice, using the }{\cs32\f35\fs22\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 ack of an axe. The deceased fell down, and one of his eyes was dislodged from its socket. Blood flowed from the eye socket and the nose. A post mortem examination of the deceased's }{\cs32\f35\fs22\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{ \cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 ody su}{\cs32\f35\fs22\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 sequently revealed that the deceased had sustained a crushed eye}{\cs32\f35\fs22\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 all and occipital laceration leading to internal haemorrhage and }{\cs32\f35\fs22\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 rain contusion that caused instant death. There was also evidence that when people came to the scene upon word going round that the deceased had died, the appellant chased some away threatening them with violence. \par }{\fs20\insrsid2891016 \par }\pard \s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb235\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2891016 {\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 At the trial the cause of the fatal injuries was disputed. T he prosecution contended that the deceased sustained the injuries from the two }{\cs32\f35\fs22\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 lows inflicted }{\cs32\f35\fs22\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 y the appellant as testified }{\cs32\f35\fs22\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 y Pauline Zikuza. The appellant on the other hand denied hitting the deceased and testified that the deceased sustained the injuri es from falling off the }{\cs32\f35\fs22\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 ench due to drunkenness. After considering the evidence the trial court accepted the prosecution case and held that the appellant had hit the deceased as testified }{\cs32\f35\fs22\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 y his daughter. The Court of Appeal came to the same conclusion af ter re-evaluating the evidence. In this appeal, the appellant, quite appropriately in our view, does not seek to challenge that concurrent finding of the two lower courts. He only seeks to challenge the finding of }{\cs31\i\fs26\insrsid2891016 m}{ \cs31\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs31\i\fs26\insrsid2891016 ns r}{\cs31\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs31\i\fs26\insrsid2891016 a. }{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 The sole ground of appeal in this Court is that - \par }\pard\plain \s21\qj \fi-110\li859\ri0\sb10\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin859\itap0\pararsid2891016 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 "Th}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 l}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 arn}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 d Justic}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 s of App}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 al }{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 rr}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 d in law wh}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 n in th}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 ir r}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 -}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 valuation of th}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 }{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 vid}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 nc}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 adduc}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 d at th }{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 trial, th}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 y misdir}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 ct}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 d th}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 ms}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 lv}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 s on th}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 d}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 f}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 nc}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 of intoxication." \par }\pard\plain \s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb67\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2891016 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 Mr. Mu}{\cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{ \cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 iru, learned counsel for the appellant, criticized the Court of Appeal for upholding the trial court's refusal to avail the appellant the defence of intoxication. H}{\cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs33\i\f35\fs22\insrsid2891016 }{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 maintained that th}{\cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs33\i\f35\fs22\insrsid2891016 }{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 ground for the refusal, namely that the defence was not raised and had actually }{\cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 een disowned }{\cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{ \cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 y the appellant and his counsel was erroneous. He su}{\cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 mitted that the law enjoined the court to consider, and avail to an accused person, every defence disclosed }{\cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 y the evidence }{ \cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 efore it, and cited }{\cs27\b\fs26\ul\insrsid2891016 Clifford Patrick }{\cs29\fs26\ul\insrsid2891016 vs. }{\cs27\b\fs26\ul\insrsid2891016 R.}{ \cs27\b\fs26\insrsid2891016 }{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 72 Cr. App. R. 291, in support of his su}{\cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 mission. He maintained that the Court of Appeal had misdirected itself in this regard. Learned counsel argued that if that court had addressed the proper question, namely if, in view of the evidence of the appellant's drinking, he had had the necessa}{ \cs31\i\fs26\insrsid2891016 r}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 y }{\cs31\i\fs26\insrsid2891016 m}{\cs31\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs31\i\fs26\insrsid2891016 ns r}{\cs31\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs31\i\fs26\insrsid2891016 a, }{ \cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 it would have concluded that the prosecution had not proved }{\cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 eyond reasona}{ \cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 le dou}{\cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 t that he had. In conclusion counsel su}{ \cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 mitted that contrary to the law, the appellant's conviction was }{\cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 ased on the weakness of the defence, for failure to plead intoxication, rather than on the strength of the prosecution case. In reply, Mr. Murum}{\cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 a, the learned Principal State Attorney su}{\cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 mitted that the case of }{\cs27\b\fs26\ul\insrsid2891016 Clifford Patrick }{\cs29\fs26\ul\insrsid2891016 vs. }{ \cs27\b\fs26\ul\insrsid2891016 R}{\cs27\b\fs26\insrsid2891016 }{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 (supra) was distinguisha}{\cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 le }{ \cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 ecause, in that case, unlike in the instant case, the defence had admitted the killing }{\cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{ \cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 ut relied on intoxication to show that the necessary intent was not proved. He stressed that in this case, the appellant expressly denied }{\cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{ \cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 eing drunk. \par }\pard \s15\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2891016 {\fs20\insrsid2891016 \par \par }{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 In the Court of Appeal, the }{\cs29\fs26\expnd-4\expndtw-20\insrsid2891016 fifth}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 ground of appeal was that the trial court erred in holding that the appellant had killed the deceased with malice aforethought despite evidence of intoxication. In its judgment, the Court of Appeal, after o}{\cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{ \cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 serving, rightly in our view, that the court has to avail an accused person with a defence availa}{\cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 le on the evidence }{ \cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 efore it even if not raised }{\cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 y him, considered at length if the defence of intoxication was availa}{\cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 le to the appellant, in view of the prosecution evidence, which suggested that he was drunk at the material time. In the course of re\-evaluating the evidence, however, the learned Justices of Appeal made two o}{ \cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 servations that have given rise to the criticism of misdirection. After noting the prosecution evidence, which showed that at the material time the appellant was drunk, they o}{\cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{ \cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 served - \par }\pard\plain \s18\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2891016 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 "Th}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 dil}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 mma in this cas}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 is that }{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 oth th}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 app}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 llant and his couns}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 l at his trial did not only fail to rais}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 intoxication or drunk}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 nn}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 ss as a d}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 f}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 nc}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 }{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 ut disown}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 d it."}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016 }{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 In the end they concluded thus -

\par }\pard \s18\qj \li720\ri0\sb10\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2891016 {\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 "W}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 ar}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 , th}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 r}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 for}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 , not p}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 rsuad }{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 d }{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 y couns}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 l for th}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 app}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 llant, to avail to th}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 app}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 llant th}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 d}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 f}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 nc}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 of intoxication und}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 r s.13(4) of th}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 P}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 nal Cod}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 . To do so would }{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 be}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 tantamount to putting a d}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 f}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 nc}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 into his mouth." \par }\pard\plain \s15\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2891016 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 Clearly, these o}{ \cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 servations standing alone would amount to misdirection on the fundamental principle that the }{\cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{ \cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 urden of proof in a criminal trial, remains on the prosecution throughout and, except in special cases, never shifts to the defence. The duty of the court to avail to an accused person every defence disclosed }{ \cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 y evidence }{\cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 efor}{ \cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs33\i\f35\fs22\insrsid2891016 }{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 it, }{\cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 v}{ \cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 n wh}{\cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 r}{ \cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs33\i\f35\fs22\insrsid2891016 }{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 th}{\cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs33\i\f35\fs22\insrsid2891016 }{ \cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 accus}{\cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 d do}{\cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 s not take advantag}{ \cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs33\i\f35\fs22\insrsid2891016 }{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 of it, is found}{\cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 d on that principle. Strictly, an accused person has no }{\cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 urden to raise a defence with the exception of the defence of insanity. Where, therefore, th}{ \cs33\f35\fs22\expnd10\expndtw50\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 r}{\cs33\f35\fs22\expnd10\expndtw50\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs33\i\f35\fs22\insrsid2891016 }{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 is cr}{ \cs33\f35\fs22\expnd10\expndtw50\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 di}{\cs33\f35\fs22\expnd10\expndtw50\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 l}{ \cs33\f35\fs22\expnd10\expndtw50\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs33\i\f35\fs22\insrsid2891016 }{\cs33\f35\fs22\expnd10\expndtw50\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 vid}{ \cs33\f35\fs22\expnd10\expndtw50\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 nc}{\cs33\f35\fs22\expnd10\expndtw50\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs33\i\f35\fs22\insrsid2891016 }{ \cs33\f35\fs22\expnd10\expndtw50\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 sta}{\cs33\f35\fs22\expnd10\expndtw50\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 lishing a d}{ \cs33\f35\fs22\expnd10\expndtw50\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 f}{\cs33\f35\fs22\expnd10\expndtw50\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 nc}{ \cs33\f35\fs22\expnd10\expndtw50\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs33\i\f35\fs22\expnd10\expndtw50\insrsid2891016 , }{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 the court should not refrain from availing it to the accused for fear of "putting a defence in his or her mouth". If, as contended }{\cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 y learned counsel for the appellant, these o}{\cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 servations were the only }{\cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{ \cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 asis on which the Court of Appeal rejected the }{\cs29\fs26\expnd-4\expndtw-20\insrsid2891016 fifth}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 ground of appeal, we would not have hesitated to hold that th}{ \cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs33\i\f35\fs22\insrsid2891016 }{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 misdirection vitiated th}{\cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs33\i\f35\fs22\insrsid2891016 }{ \cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 d}{\cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 cision to uphold th}{\cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs33\i\f35\fs22\insrsid2891016 }{ \cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 conviction of murder. \par }{\fs20\insrsid2891016 \par }\pard \s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb221\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2891016 {\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 Th}{\cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs33\i\f35\fs22\insrsid2891016 }{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 case of }{\cs30\b\i\fs26\ul\insrsid2891016 C}{\cs27\b\fs26\ul\insrsid2891016 lifford Patrick vs. R}{\cs27\b\fs26\insrsid2891016 }{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 (supra), which counsel for the appellant sought to rely on, was an appeal against a conviction for murder in a jury trial. There was no dispute that when the accused killed his victim he was under the influence of drink. The appeal turned on the direction given to the jurors }{\cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 y the trial judge on the issue of drunkenness. He had directed the jurors to ask themselves if, at the material time, the accused person was in such state as to }{\cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 e incapa}{\cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 le of forming the requisite intention. The Court of Appeal held this to }{\cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{ \cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 e misdirection, as the question in issue was not whether the accused person was incapa}{\cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 le or capa}{ \cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 le of forming the intention, }{\cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 ut rather whether }{ \cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 y reason of the drink he had taken he did not form the intention. On the ground that the jury had not }{ \cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 een invited to answer the real question in issue, the conviction of murder was quashed and a verdict of manslaughter was su}{ \cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 stituted. In that case the misdirection to the jury had }{\cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 een central to the decision to convict. If the jury had addressed the real question in issue it may well have returned a different verdict. The misdirection in the instant case does not appear to }{ \cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 e in a similar central position to the decision to uphold the conviction. \par }\pard \s15\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2891016 {\fs20\insrsid2891016 \par }\pard \s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb230\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2891016 {\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 In their judgment, the learned Justices of Appeal directed themselves on the law regarding the issue of intoxication correctly when they said - \par }\pard\plain \s18\qj \li725\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin725\itap0\pararsid2891016 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs20\insrsid2891016 \par }\pard \s18\qj \li725\ri0\sb230\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin725\itap0\pararsid2891016 {\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 "Und}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 r s}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 ction 13 of th}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 P}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 nal Cod}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 Act intoxication is not g}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 n}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 rally a d}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 f}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 nc}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 to a criminal charg}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 . That notwithstanding, it could }{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 be}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 com}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 a d}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 f}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 nc}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 if }{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 y r}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 ason of intoxication th}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 accus}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 d }{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 be}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 cam}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e }{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 insan}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 at th}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 tim }{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 }{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 ut this would r}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 quir}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 a pl}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 a ....of insanity which}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 }{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 is not th}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 cas}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 h}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 r}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 . Th}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 app}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 llant\tab disown}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 d intoxication. H}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 is}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 }{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 not cov}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 r}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 d und}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 r that su}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b }{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 -s}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 ction. How}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 v }{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 r, und}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 r s.13(4) of th}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 P}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 nal Cod}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 , intoxication may }{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 be}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 tak}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 n into account for th}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 purpos}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 s of d}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 t}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 rmining wh}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 th}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 r th}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 accus}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 d had form}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 d an int}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 ntion to kill... \par }\pard \s18\qj \li682\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin682\itap0\pararsid2891016 {\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 \par }\pard \s18\qj \li682\ri0\sb230\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin682\itap0\pararsid2891016 {\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 In accordanc}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 with th}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 holding in ... Illanda s/o Kisigo vs. R (1960) }{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 E}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 A 780 th}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 onus is on th}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 pros}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 cution to prov}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 }{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 be}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 yond r}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 asona}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 l}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 dou}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 t that th}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 app}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 llant's judgm}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 nt was not aff}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 ct}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 d }{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 y th}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 drink to disa}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 l}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 him from forming th}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 n}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 c}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 ssary int}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 ntion... Th}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 t}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 st to apply as }{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 nunciat}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 d... in Ss}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 ssawo vs. Uganda (1979) HC}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 B}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 122, was wh}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 th}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 r having r}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 gard to all th}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 circumstanc}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 s, including thos}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 r}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 lating to drinking, it could saf}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 ly }{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 be}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 said that th}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 pros}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 cution had prov}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 d }{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 be}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 yond r}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 asona}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 l}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 dou}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 t that th}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e} {\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 accus}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 d had th}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 r}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 quisit}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 int}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e }{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 nt at th}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 mat}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 rial tim}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 . W}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 shall apply this t}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 st to this cas}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 lat}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 r." \par }\pard\plain \s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb134\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2891016 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 Su}{\cs35\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{ \cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 sequently, they applied the test to the facts and concluded thus - \par }\pard\plain \s19\qj \li677\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin677\itap0\pararsid2891016 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs20\insrsid2891016 \par }{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 \par }\pard \s19\qj \li677\ri0\sb29\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin677\itap0\pararsid2891016 {\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 "Having r}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 gard to all th}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 circumstanc}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 s in this cas}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 including th}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 afor}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 said r}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 lating to drinking it could saf}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 ly }{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 be}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 said that th}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 pros}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 cution had prov}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 d }{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 be}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 yond r}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 asona}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 l}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 dou}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 t that th}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 app}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e} {\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 llant had th}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 r}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 quisit}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 int}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 nt to kill th}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 d}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 c}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 as}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 d at th}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 mat}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 rial tim}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 ." \par }\pard\plain \s15\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2891016 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs20\insrsid2891016 \par }\pard \s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb221\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2891016 {\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 In this conclusion the Court of Appeal was virtually in total agreement with the learned trial judge who said }{ \cs31\i\fs26\insrsid2891016 int}{\cs31\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs31\i\fs26\insrsid2891016 r alia - \par }\pard\plain \s18\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2891016 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs20\insrsid2891016 \par \par }\pard \s18\qj \li0\ri0\sb139\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2891016 {\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 "Th}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 accus}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 d's pr}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 paration to r}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 mov}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 a possi}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 l}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 }{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 y}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 witn}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 ss and his}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 ffort to }{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 nsur}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 that h}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 had not }{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 bee}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 n s}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 ee}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 n, in my vi}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 w, show that his act was calculat}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 d or pr}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 -conc}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 iv}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 d.... I find as did th}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 ass}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 ssors, that th}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 pros}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 cution has prov}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 d }{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 be}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 yond r}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 asona}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 l}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 dou}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 t that th}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 unlawful act committ}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 d }{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 y th}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 accus}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 d p}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 rson, and which caus}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 d th}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 d}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 ath of Ns}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 r}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 ko John Mawa, was accompani}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 d }{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{ \cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 y malic}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 afor}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs30\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 thought" \par }\pard\plain \s15\qj \li658\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin658\itap0\pararsid2891016 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs20\insrsid2891016 \par }\pard \s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb235\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2891016 {\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 W}{\cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs33\i\f35\fs22\insrsid2891016 }{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 n}{ \cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 ed only add that this concurrent finding of fact was amply supported }{\cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 y evidence, and it cannot }{\cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 e assailed. We are satisfied, that the misdirection in th}{\cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{ \cs33\i\f35\fs22\insrsid2891016 }{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 o}{\cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 se}{\cs33\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016 r}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 vations of the Court of Appeal, was not the }{\cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 asis for upholding the appellant's conviction for murder. The }{ \cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 asis was that the prosecution proved malice aforethought }{\cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 eyond reasona}{\cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 le dou}{\cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 t. In our view, the o}{ \cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 servations were in effect superfluous. \par }\pard\plain \s17\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx6446\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2891016 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 \par }{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 In th}{\cs33\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 e}{\cs33\i\f35\fs22\insrsid2891016 }{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 result we find no merit in this appeal and accordingly we dismiss it.}{ \cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 \par }\pard \s17\qc \li658\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx6446\faauto\rin0\lin658\itap0\pararsid2891016 {\cs29\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 DATED at Mengo this 13}{\cs29\b\i\fs26\super\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 th}{\cs29\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016 }{\cs29\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 day of}{\cs29\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 April, }{\cs29\b\i\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 2005. \par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li658\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin658\itap0\pararsid2891016 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs20\insrsid2891016 \par \par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\sb106\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2891016 {\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 A. H. O. Oder \par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\sb187\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2891016 {\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 Justice of the Supreme Court \par }\pard\plain \s23\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2891016 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 \par }\pard \s23\qc \li0\ri0\sb38\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2891016 {\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 J. W. N. Tsekooko}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 \line }{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 Justice of the Supreme Court \par }\pard\plain \s15\qc \li0\ri5371\sb115\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin5371\lin0\itap0\pararsid2891016 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 \sect }\sectd \margtsxn1780\sbknone\linex0\colsx60\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid2891016\sftnbj \pard\plain \s22\qc \li0\ri0\sb67\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2891016 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 { \cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 A. N. Karokora }{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016 \line }{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 Justice of the Supreme Court \par }\pard \s22\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2891016 {\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 \par }\pard \s22\qc \li0\ri0\sb144\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2891016 {\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 J. N. Mulenga \par }\pard \s22\qc \li0\ri0\sb178\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2891016 {\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 Justice of the Supreme Court \par }\pard \s22\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2891016 {\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 \par }\pard \s22\qc \li0\ri0\sb34\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx3370\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2891016 {\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 G. W. Kanyeiham}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 b}{\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 a \par }\pard \s22\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2891016 {\cs29\fs26\insrsid2891016\charrsid2891016 Justice of the Supreme Court. \par }}