Kizito Senkula v Uganda [2002] UGSC 36 (18 December 2002)

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(}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8 \pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \s18\qc \li0\ri0\sb53\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3897194 \f37\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA}{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194 \par }{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF UGANDA}{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194 \par }{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 AT MENGO \par }\pard\plain \s16\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3897194 \f37\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs26\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 \par }\pard \s16\qc \li0\ri0\sb139\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3897194 {\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 (CORAM:}{\cs34\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 \tab }{ \cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 ODOKI, CJ, ODER, TSEKOOKO, KAROKORA \par }\pard\plain \s28\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3897194 \f37\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 AND MULENGA, }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst { \cs41\b\f0\fs26\cf1\lang7177\langfe1033\langnp7177\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 HYPERLINK "http://JJ. SC/"}{\b\f0\fs26\cf1\lang7177\langfe1033\langnp7177\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 {\*\datafield 00d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b0200000003000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b3400000068007400740070003a002f002f006a006a002e00730063002f000000795881f43b1d7f48af2c825dc485276300000000a5ab0000}}}{\fldrslt { \cs41\b\f0\fs26\cf1\lang7177\langfe1033\langnp7177\insrsid3897194 JJ.}{\cs41\b\f0\fs26\cf1\lang7177\langfe1033\langnp7177\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 SC)}}}{\cs41\b\f0\fs26\cf1\lang7177\langfe1033\langnp7177\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 \par }\pard \s28\qc \li0\ri0\sb182\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3897194 {\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 2}{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194 4}{ \cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 OF 2001}{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194 \par }{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\expnd16\expndtw80\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 BETWEEN \par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3897194 \f37\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs26\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 \par \par }\pard \s16\qc \li0\ri0\sb48\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3897194 {\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 KIZITO SENKULA:}{ \cs34\i\f0\fs26\cf1\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 \tab }{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 :::::::::::: :::::: ::::::}{ \cs34\i\f0\fs26\cf1\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 \tab }{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 APPELLANT \par }\pard \s16\qc \li0\ri0\sb163\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3897194 {\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 AND \par }\pard \s16\qc \li0\ri0\sb144\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3897194 {\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 UGANDA:}{ \cs34\i\f0\fs26\cf1\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 \tab }{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 ::::::::::::}{ \cs34\i\f0\fs26\cf1\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 \tab }{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 ::::::}{ \cs34\f0\fs26\cf1\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 \tab }{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 RESPONDENT \par }\pard\plain \s29\qj \li994\ri970\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin970\lin994\itap0\pararsid3897194 \f37\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs26\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 \par }\pard \s29\qj \li0\ri-76\sb178\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin-76\lin0\itap0\pararsid3897194 {\cs38\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 (Appeal from the judgment }{\cs38\i\f0\fs26\expnd6\expndtw30\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 of}{ \cs38\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 the Court of Appeal in}{\cs38\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs38\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 Kampala (Kato, Okello and Twinomujuni, JJ. A) dated}{ \cs38\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs38\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 10-08-01 in Criminal Appeal No. 127 of 1999). \par }\pard\plain \s18\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3897194 \f37\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs26\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 \par \par }\pard \s18\qc \li0\ri0\sb82\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3897194 {\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 JUDGMENT OF THE COURT \par }\pard\plain \s19\qj \li0\ri0\sb168\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3897194 \f37\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs33\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 The appellant was tried by the High Court at Mubende on an indictment}{\cs33\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs33\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 of two counts. The first count was defilement, c/s 123(1) of the Penal}{ \cs33\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs33\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 Code Act, the particulars of which were that on 10-05-1997, at Butuni}{\cs33\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{ \cs33\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 Village, Mubende District he had unlawful sexual intercourse with}{\cs33\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs33\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 Nakilembeko Amooti, a girl under the age of 18 years. The second count}{\cs33\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs33\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 was incest, c/s 144 of the Penal Code Act, the particulars of which were}{ \cs33\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs33\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 that on the same date and place, the appellant being a male person, had}{\cs33\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{ \cs33\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 unlawful sexual intercourse with the same girl who, to his knowledge,}{\cs33\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs33\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 was his grand daughter. \par }\pard \s19\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3897194 {\f0\fs26\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 \par }\pard \s19\qj \li0\ri0\sb178\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3897194 {\cs33\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 At the end of the trial, he was acquitted of the charge of incest, but he}{ \cs33\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs33\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 was convicted of defilement and sentenced to 15 years imprisonment.}{\cs33\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{ \cs33\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 His appeal against conviction and sentence to the Court of Appeal was}{\cs33\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs33\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 dismissed. Hence this appeal.

\par }\pard\plain \s23\qj \li0\ri0\sb67\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3897194 \f37\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 The memorandum of appeal to this Court contained two grounds of}{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 appeal. The first one was against conviction, and the second was against}{ \cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 sentence. When the appeal was called for hearing, the appellant's}{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{ \cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 learned counsel abandoned the first ground and, with leave of the Court,}{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 amended the second one, to read as follows: \par }\pard\plain \s27\qj \li869\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin869\itap0\pararsid3897194 \f37\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs26\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 \par \par }\pard \s27\qj \li869\ri0\sb19\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin869\itap0\pararsid3897194 {\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 "The learned Justices of Appeal failed to direct}{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 } {\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 themselves to the fact that the trial court had acted}{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 on wrong principle in sentencing the appellant." \par }\pard\plain \s30\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3897194 \f37\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs26\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 \par }\pard \s30\qj \li0\ri0\sb197\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3897194 {\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 The facts of the case are simple. Briefly, they are these: }{\cs38\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 The victim of the}{\cs38\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs38\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 defilement, Nakilembeko Amooti was 11 years old at the material time.}{\cs38\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{ \cs38\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 She was the daughter of Ednance Bigwire (PW3) her mother, and Simon}{\cs38\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs38\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 Semutira (PW4) her father. The latter and the appellant were relatives. On}{\cs38\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs38\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 the morning of the day in question, PW4 sent the girl to the appellant to} {\cs38\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs38\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 collect Shs. 3000= which the appellant owed him. The girl found the}{\cs38\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{ \cs38\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 appellant at home. It started raining as she arrived. The appellant invited}{\cs38\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs38\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 her into the house. She delivered her fathers message. The appellant}{\cs38\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs38\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 closed the door, forced the girl to lie down m a mat on the floor in the}{ \cs38\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs38\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 sitting room and defiled her. She raised an alarm, which was answered}{\cs38\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{ \cs38\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 by several people, including her mother Ednance Bigwire. The girl}{\cs38\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs38\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 informed her of what had happened. The mother took her home, where}{\cs38\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs38\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 she was examined by her grand mother, Praxeda Namazzi (PW5). The}{ \cs38\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs38\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 examination indicated signs that the girl had been sexually assaulted.}{\cs38\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{ \cs38\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 The mother informed the father of what had happened, and he reported}{\cs38\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs38\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 the incident to the authorities. The appellant was promptly arrested.. The}{\cs38\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs38\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 victim was taken to Mubende Hospital, where she was medically}{ \cs38\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs38\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 examined by Dr. Odongo (PWl); whose medical report showed that she}{\cs38\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{ \cs38\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 had been defiled and that she was 11 years of age. \par }\pard \s30\qj \li0\ri0\sb62\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3897194 {\cs38\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 The appellant was eventually indicted and }{\cs35\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 tried}{ \cs35\b\i\f0\fs26\expnd6\expndtw30\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs38\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 for defilement and incest,}{\cs38\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{ \cs38\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 with the consequences we have already mentioned. \par }\pard\plain \s19\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3897194 \f37\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs26\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 \par }\pard \s19\qj \li0\ri0\sb168\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3897194 {\cs33\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 In his argument in respect of the ground of appeal, the appellant's}{ \cs33\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs33\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 learned counsel, Mr. Stephen Mubiru, agreed with the Court of Appeal's}{\cs33\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{ \cs33\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 statement of the law on sentencing but he complained that, that Court}{\cs33\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs33\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 failed to direct itself regarding what the learned trial judge said when}{\cs33\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs33\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 sentencing the appellant. This was that the appellant was unrepentant}{ \cs33\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs33\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 for the offence he had committed. Learned counsel contended that}{\cs33\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{ \cs33\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 failure by the appellant to repent appears to have influenced the learned}{\cs33\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs33\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 trial judge in imposing the sentence of 15 years imprisonment. Absence}{\cs33\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs33\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 of repentance on the appellant's part should not have been an}{ \cs33\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs33\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 aggravating factor in imposing the sentence against him. This was a}{\cs33\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{ \cs33\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 misdirection. Learned counsel relied on }{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 Mattaka and Others -vs-}{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{ \cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 Republic (1971) E. A. 495. \par }\pard \s19\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3897194 {\f0\fs26\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 \par }\pard \s19\qj \li0\ri0\sb168\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3897194 {\cs33\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 Mr. Michael Elubu, Principal State Attorney, for the respondent, opposed}{ \cs33\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs33\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 the appeal. In his submission in reply he said that this Court should not}{\cs33\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{ \cs33\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 follow the case of }{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 Mattaka }{\cs33\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 (supra) because first, the Court of Appeal for}{ \cs33\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs33\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 East Africa in that case did not reduce the sentence although it criticized}{\cs33\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{ \cs33\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 the trial judge for commenting that the appellant did not appear to be}{\cs33\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs33\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 repentant, and secondly, because that decision was bad law. In the}{\cs33\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs33\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 instant case, the learned Principal State Attorney contended, there were}{ \cs33\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs33\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 many other aggravating factors which justified the imposition of the}{\cs33\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{ \cs33\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 sentence of 15 years imprisonment. \par }\pard \s19\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3897194 {\f0\fs26\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 \par }\pard \s19\qj \li0\ri0\sb168\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3897194 {\cs33\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 We asked both learned counsel to comment on whether the learned trial}{ \cs33\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs33\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 judge, and the Court of Appeal in upholding the sentence, took into}{\cs33\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{ \cs33\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 account the period of two years which the appellant had spent in remand}{\cs33\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs33\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 before his trial, in view of the provisions of article 23(8) of the}{\cs33\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs33\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 Constitution. Both counsel were in agreement that since what the}{ \cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 learned trial judge said was vague about the matter, the sentence of 15}{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{ \cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 years should be reduced by the two years spent by the appellant on}{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 remand. We shall revert to this issue later. \par }\pard\plain \s23\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3897194 \f37\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs26\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 \par }\pard \s23\qj \li0\ri0\sb178\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3897194 {\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 The record of the trial Court regarding sentencing of the appellant reads}{ \cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 as follows: \par }\pard\plain \s17\qj \li888\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin888\itap0\pararsid3897194 \f37\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs26\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 \par \par }\pard \s17\qj \li888\ri0\sb29\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin888\itap0\pararsid3897194 {\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 "Court: }{\cs38\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 Sentence - Reasons for it: \par }\pard\plain \s27\qj \li864\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin864\itap0\pararsid3897194 \f37\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs26\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 \par \par }\pard \s27\qj \li864\ri0\sb67\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin864\itap0\pararsid3897194 {\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 He is a first offender. However, he is a first offender}{ \cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 who has started his journey in criminality in a high}{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{ \cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 gear. What he did to this girl was to say the least}{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 treacherous. He introduced her to sex at such a}{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 young age of 11 years. Inspite of the message of}{ \cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 castration to be meted out to such men, accused}{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{ \cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 appears to be unconcerned about it. He has not, in}{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 the least, looked repentant for what he did. He has a}{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 large family of 7 children, but the heinous offence he}{ \cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 committed weighs down such a mitigating factor. He}{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{ \cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 spoils other parents' children and wants his to be}{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 highly regarded. It is important that a } {\cs41\b\f0\fs26\ul\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 deterrent}{\cs41\b\f0\fs26\ul\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 sentence be imposed in this case considering the}{ \cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 circumstances under which it was committed. The}{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{ \cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 sentence should fit both the crime and the offender. \par }\pard \s27\qj \li859\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin859\itap0\pararsid3897194 {\f0\fs26\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 \par \par }\pard \s27\qj \li859\ri0\sb43\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin859\itap0\pararsid3897194 {\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 In the premises, the most leniency this Court can}{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 extend to an accused who on the face of it is un}{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 repentant is to reduce the sentence from death to a}{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 term of fifteen }{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\expnd4\expndtw20\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 (15)} {\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 years imprisonment, the period}{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 spent on remand since 15-05-97 inclusive." \par }\pard\plain \s23\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3897194 \f37\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs26\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 \par \par }\pard \s23\qj \li0\ri0\sb226\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3897194 {\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 As we have already mentioned the appellant appealed against the}{ \cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 sentence to the Court of Appeal. In dismissing that appeal, the Court of}{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{ \cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 Appeal, rightly in our view, followed the principle in }{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 Ogalo s/o Owowa -}{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{ \cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 vs- R (1954) 24 EACA 270, }{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 which is that in exercising its jurisdiction to}{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{ \cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 review sentences, an appellate court does not alter a sentence on the}{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 mere ground that if the members of the appellate court had been trying}{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 the appellant they might have passed a somewhat different sentence;}{ \cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 and that an appellate court will not ordinarily interfere with the}{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{ \cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 discretion exercised by a trial judge unless, as was said in }{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 James -vs- R}{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{ \cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 (1950) 18 EACA 147, }{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 it is evident that the judge has acted upon some}{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{ \cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 wrong principle or over-looked some material factor or that the sentence}{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 is harsh and manifestly excessive in view of the circumstances of the}{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 case. In the instant case, the Court of Appeal did not consider the trial}{ \cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 judge's remark that the appellant was unrepentant. It did not do so,}{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{ \cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 probably because, according to the record, such a remark was not the}{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 subject of a complaint by the appellant as it has been before us. \par }\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3897194 \f37\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs26\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 \par }\pard \s22\ql \li0\ri0\sb168\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3897194 {\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 In }{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 Mataka and Others -vs- Republic }{ \cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 (supra), four of the six appellants}{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 were convicted of treason and the remaining two were convicted of}{ \cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 misprision of treason. In sentencing the second, third and fifth}{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{ \cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 appellants the trial judge stated that there appeared to be a complete }{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 absence of penitence and that this could be taken into account when \par }\pard\plain \s26\qr \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3897194 \f37\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs42\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 \\ \par }\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3897194 \f37\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 passing sentence. In its criticism of this approach to sentencing, the}{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 East African Court of Appeal said: \par }\pard\plain \s27\qj \li974\ri1435\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin1435\lin974\itap0\pararsid3897194 \f37\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs26\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 \par \par }\pard \s27\qj \li974\ri1435\sb29\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin1435\lin974\itap0\pararsid3897194 {\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 "With respect, we regard this as a misdirection in}{ \cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 law. A person who has pleaded not guilty and has}{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{ \cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 maintained his innocence throughout and who}{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 intends to appeal cannot be expected to express} {\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 repentance, which would amount to a confession of}{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{ \cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 guilt. A person who has been found guilty may}{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 believe himself innocent as a matter of fact or law,}{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 and that belief may be upheld by an appellate}{ \cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 court. If, however, lack of repentance could be}{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{ \cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 treated as an aggravating factor, the right of}{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 appeal would be fettered, because the convicted}{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 person would, in effect, be put to a choice, whether}{ \cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 to risk a heavier sentence by maintaining his}{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{ \cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 innocence or to abandon his right of appeal in the}{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 hope of leniency. \par }\pard\plain \s16\qj \li950\ri979\sb53\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin979\lin950\itap0\pararsid3897194 \f37\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs40\b\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 This}{ \cs40\b\f0\fs26\expnd2\expndtw10\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 position is analogous to that when a person is}{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{ \cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 pleading to a charge. It is well established law}{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 that a plea of guilty springing from genuine}{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 repentance may be treated as a factor in}{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{ \cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 mitigation. It is equally well established that the}{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 fact that a person has not pleaded guilty may not}{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 be treated as an aggravating factor, because that}{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{ \cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 would derogate from the right of every accused}{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 person to be tried on the charge laid against him." \par }\pard\plain \s23\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3897194 \f37\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs26\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 \par \par }\pard \s23\qj \li0\ri0\sb106\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3897194 {\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 Notwithstanding the misdirection by the trial court in that case, the East}{ \cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 African Court of Appeal did not interfere with the sentences imposed on}{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{ \cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 the appellants, because they had been convicted of treason one of the}{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 most serious crimes in Tanzania, the maximum sentence for which was}{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 death. All the appellants were of good character, but the nature of the}{ \cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 offence was such that it demanded a severe sentence, both as a deterrent}{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{ \cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 and also as a punishment for the individual. If the treasonable plot had}{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 succeeded, the whole of Tanzania might have been thrown into a state of}{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 complete chaos and resulted in the death of many of its Citizens. In the}{ \cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 circumstances, the Court of Appeal found no reason to interfere with the}{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{ \cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 exercise of the trial court's discretion in the matter, and the appeal}{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 against sentence was dismissed.

\par }\pard \s23\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3897194 {\f0\fs26\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 \par }\pard \s23\qj \li0\ri0\sb182\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3897194 {\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 In the instant case, it is clearly our view that it was a misdirection in law}{ \cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 for the learned trial judge to have regarded appellant's absence of}{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{ \cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 repentance as an aggravating factor in sentencing him. Equally, with}{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 respect, the learned Justices of Appeal failed to direct themselves on the}{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 matter. We agree with the view of the law as stated in the decision in}{ \cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 Mattaka's }{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 case (supra). Absence of repentance by an accused person}{ \cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 should never be an aggravating factor in considering what sentence the}{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{ \cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 trial court should impose. However, we are of the view that in the}{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 instant case, the misdirection by the trial court and the failure of the}{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 learned Justices of Appeal to direct themselves on the matter, did not}{ \cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 cause a failure of justice. There were legitimate aggravating factors}{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{ \cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 which the learned trial judge took into account, namely, that what the}{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 appellant did to the victim was treacherous; and that he spoilt her when}{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 he introduced her to sex at such a young age of 11 years. \par }\pard \s23\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3897194 {\f0\fs26\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 \par }\pard \s23\qj \li0\ri0\sb163\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3897194 {\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 We note that the learned trial judge also took into account certain factors}{ \cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 in favour of the appellant. \par }\pard \s23\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3897194 {\f0\fs26\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 \par }\pard \s23\qj \li0\ri0\sb144\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3897194 {\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 In this regard, the Court of Appeal referred to }{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 Ogalo s/o Owowa }{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 (supra)}{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 and concluded: \par }\pard\plain \s16\qj \li850\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin850\itap0\pararsid3897194 \f37\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs26\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 \par \par }\pard \s16\qj \li850\ri0\sb14\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin850\itap0\pararsid3897194 {\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 "In the instant case, the trial Judge considered the}{ \cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 appellant's own personal responsibility, the period he}{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{ \cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 spent on remand against the gravity of the offence}{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 and within his discretion chose a sentence of 15}{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 years imprisonment. In our view, he did not act on a}{ \cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 wrong principle in assessing the sentence and the}{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{ \cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 sentence he imposed is not manifestly excessive. We}{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 thus find no Jus tification to interfere with the}{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 sentence." \par }\pard\plain \s23\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3897194 \f37\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs26\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 \par \par }\pard \s23\qj \li0\ri0\sb221\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3897194 {\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 Save for the failure by the learned Justices of Appeal to direct themselves}{ \cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 on the matter, to which we have referred, and, subject to what we shall}{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{ \cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 say shortly about the effect of article 23(8) of the Constitution, we think}{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 that the learned Justices of the Appeal were justified in not interfering}{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 with the sentence imposed by the learned trial judge. We think that the}{ \cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 circumstances of this case called for deterrent sentence. \par }\pard \s23\ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3897194 {\f0\fs26\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 \par \par }\pard \s23\ql \li0\ri0\sb5\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3897194 {\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 Article 23(8) provides: \par }\pard\plain \s16\qj \li840\ri0\sb53\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin840\itap0\pararsid3897194 \f37\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 "Where a person is convicted and sentenced to a term}{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 of imprisonment for an offence, any period he or she}{ \cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 spends in lawful custody }{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\expnd4\expndtw20\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 in}{ \cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 respect of the offence}{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 before the completion of his or her trial shall be}{ \cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 taken into account in imposing the term of}{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{ \cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 imprisonment." \par }\pard\plain \s23\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3897194 \f37\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs26\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 \par \par }\pard \s23\qj \li0\ri0\sb235\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3897194 {\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 In the instant case, it is clear that the learned trial judge took into}{ \cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 account the period of two years the appellant had spent in remand. But}{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{ \cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 it is not clear whether he considered that the sentence to be imposed}{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 should be 17 years, reduced by 2 years to make 15 years; or whether the}{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 sentence was 15 years to be reduced by 2 years to 13 years. Both the}{ \cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 learned Principal State Attorney and the counsel for the appellant were of}{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{ \cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 the view that the latter was what the learned trial judge must have}{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 mea nt. The Court of Appeal did not advert to it. \par }\pard \s23\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3897194 {\f0\fs26\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 \par \par \par }\pard \s23\qj \li0\ri0\sb91\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3897194 {\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 As we understand the provisions of article 23(8) of the Constitution, they}{ \cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 mean that when a trial court imposes a term of imprisonment as}{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{ \cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 sentence on a convicted person the court should take into account the}{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 period which the person spent in remand prior to his/her conviction.}{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 Taking into account does not mean an arithmetical exercise. Further,}{ \cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 the term of imprisonment should commence from the date of conviction,}{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{ \cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 not back-dated to the date when the convicted person first went into}{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 custody. \par }\pard \s23\qj \li0\ri0\sb67\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3897194 {\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 In the circumstances of this case, we would set aside the appellant's}{ \cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 sentence of 15 years imprisonment and substitute it with one of 13 years}{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{ \cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 from the date he was convicted of the offence of defilement. This appeal}{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 succeeds to that extent. It is ordered accordingly. \par }\pard\plain \s25\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3897194 \f37\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs26\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 \par }\pard \s25\qj \li0\ri0\sb158\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3897194 {\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 Dated at Mengo this 19th day of December}{ \cs43\i\f0\fs26\expnd6\expndtw30\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 }{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 2002.}{\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194 \par }\pard \s25\qc \li0\ri0\sb158\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3897194 {\cs34\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid3897194\charrsid3897194 B. J. ODOKI\line CHIEF JUSTICE \par A. H. O. ODER\line JUSTICE OF THE SUPREME COURT \par J. W. N. TSEKOOKO\line JUSTICE OF THE SUPREME COURT \par A. N. KAROKORA\line JUSTICE OF THE SUPREME COURT \par J. N. MULENGA\line JUSTICE OF THE SUPREME COURT \par }}