Lukyamuzi James v Akright Project Ltd & Anor (High Court Civil Suit No. 319 of 2002) [2004] UGCommC 23 (23 August 2004)

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)}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8 \pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \s15\qc \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1 \widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid2521315 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA \line }{ \b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2521315 \par }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 IN THE HIGH COURT OF UGANDA AT KAMPALA \line (COMMERCIAL DIVISION) \line }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2521315 \par }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 HCCS NO. 319 OF 2002 \line }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2521315 \par LUKYAMUZI JAMES::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: PLAINTIFF}{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 \line \line VERSUS \line }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2521315 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid2521315 {\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 AKRIGHT PROJECT LTD & \line ANATOLI }{ \b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5470968\charrsid8606887 KAMUGISHA:}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 :::::::::::}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2521315 :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 :::::::::::: }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 DEFENDANT \line }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2521315 \par }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 BEFORE: }{\b\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 THE HON. LADY JUSTICE M. S. ARACH }{\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2521315 -}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 }{\b\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 AMOKO \line }{\b\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2521315 \par }{\b\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 JUDGMENT: }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 \line }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2521315 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 The Plaintiff, Lukyamuzi James brought this suit against the Defendants for recovery of Shs.5m together with interest and the costs of this suit. The Plaintiffs claim arose out of an agreement where the 1st Defendant bought land comprised in Kyadondo Block 273, plot 321 Mutungo, from one Zaverio Kasawali for Shs.55,000,000- (fifty five million shillings), in September 2001. It was a condition of the agreement that the 1 Defendant retains Shs.5m from the contract price to pay commission for brokers. }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2521315 The 1st Defendant paid the Shs.50}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 m and retained Shs.5m as agreed. The Plaintiff contends that he was the broker who led to the sa le of the said land and should be paid the Shs.5m commission. He has made several unsuccessful demands for it, hence this suit. \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid13326534 {\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 He even alleges that the 1}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid2521315\charrsid2521315 st}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 Defendant issued him a false cheque of Shs.300}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2521315\charrsid8606887 , 000}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 - in an attempt to pay the commission. \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2521315 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 The Def endants denied being indebted to the Plaintiff at all and contend that they never had any brokerage or understanding with the Plaintiff as alleged at all. That as far as the sale of the land in question is concerned; they know only one Abdalla Tifu Semujj u as the broker who is entitled to the Shs.5m commission under the agreement. \line In the alternative, but without prejudice to the foregoing denial, the Defendants plead that even if the Plaintiff was ever entitled to any commission or agency fee at all, it wa s not due to him alone as an individual, but in a group under the chairmanship of the known broker Abdulla Tifu Semujju. The 2}{\lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid2521315 nd}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 Defendant also raised a p.o to the effect that he was improperly joined as a party to the suit since the acts complained }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2521315 of wer e allegedly those of the 1}{\lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid2521315\charrsid2521315 s}{\lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid2521315 t}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 Defendant, a company and therefore a separate legal entity from its Directors. I reserved the ruling on this point. \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2521315 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid2521315 {\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 The following po}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2521315 ints were agreed upon: \line \par }\pard \s15\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid2521315 {\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2521315 1. \tab The 1}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid2521315\charrsid2521315 st}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 Defendant purchased plot 321 Mutungo from Zaverio Kasawuli at Shs.55m by a}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2521315 n agreement dated 24/9/2001. \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 \par }\pard \s15\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid15943135 {\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 2. }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid15943135 \tab }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 Under the said agreement, (clause 2) the 1}{\lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid15943135 st}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 Defendant (buyer) retained Shs.5m to be paid to brokers. \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid15943135 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid15943135 {\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 The following points were disagreed and issues were framed }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid15943135\charrsid8606887 there from}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 : \line }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid15943135 \par }\pard \s15\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid15943135 {\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 1. }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid15943135 \tab }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 Whether the 2}{\lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid15943135\charrsid15943135 nd}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid15943135 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 Defendant instructed the Plaintiff to look for the land for the 1}{\lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid15943135 st} {\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 Defendant or not. \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid15943135 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 2. }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid15943135 \tab }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 Whether the Plaintiff is the one who found plot 321 at Mutungo for the 1}{\lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid15943135 st}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 Defendant. \line }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid15943135 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 3. }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid14026030 \tab }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 Whether any commission was due to the Plaintiff. \line }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid14026030 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 4. }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid14026030 \tab }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 If so, how much. \line }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid14026030 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 5. }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid14026030 \tab }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 Whether the Plaintiff is entitled to the Shs.5m he is claiming. \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid14026030 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 Three documents were agreed and tendered, they are: \line 1. The sale agreement (Exh. P1). \line 2. The Brokers agreem}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid14026030 ent (Exh. Dl). \line 3. The cheque (E}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 xh. P11). \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid14026030 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid13326534 {\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 Mr. Musisi Mike of Muwanguzi, Zziwa & Mu}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid14026030 sisi Advocates represented the }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 Plaintiff, while Mr. Mugabi Enos appeared for the De}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid14026030 fendants. The Plaintiff called }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 two other witnesses in a bid to prove his case. His witnesses were: \line 1. James Lukyamuzi (PW1) the Plaintiff himsel}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid14026030 f. \line 2. Mweizuka Polly (PW2). \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 3. Lutu David (PW3). \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid14026030 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 The Defence called three witnesses as well. They were: \line 1. Abdallatifu Semujju (DW1). \line 2. Zaverlo Kasawuli (DW2). \line 3. Kamugisha Anatoli (DW3). \line }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid14026030 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 Written submissions were filed by both sides. \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid14026030 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 Before dealing with the issues framed, I must first deal with the legal point of objection raised by the Defence counsel in respect of the locus of the 2}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid14026030\charrsid14026030 nd}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 Defendant in this case. Counsel raised the question whether there is a cause of action against the second Defendant, Mr. Anatoli Kamugisha, since the agreement of sale (Exhibit P1) relates to the company (the }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid14026030 1}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid14026030\charrsid14026030 st}{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 Defendant) and it has nothing to do with the 2}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid14026030 nd}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid14026030 Defendant. Secondly, the 2}{\lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid14026030\charrsid14026030 n}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid14026030 d}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 Defendant is not privy to the agreement between the 1}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid14026030 st}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 Defendant company and the vendor, }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid14026030 neither is the Plaintiff. The 2}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid14026030\charrsid14026030 nd}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 Defendant is the Managing Director of the 1st Defendant. He shouldn\rquote t be sued at all in his personal capacity. His name should therefore be struck off from the pleadings }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid14026030 with costs. Counsel relied on: }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 Chitty on Contracts paragraphs 1321 and 1323 and the celebrated case of Sal}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid14026030 mon \emdash V- Salmon [1897] AC 22. \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 \par Mr. Musisi opposed the application on the grounds that the plaint disclosed a \line cause of action against the 2nd Defendant and he is therefore equally liable in \line that: \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid14026030 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 1. }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid14026030 \tab }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 He personally instructed the Plaintiff to look for the land. \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid14026030 \par }\pard \s15\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid14026030 {\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 2. }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid14026030 \tab }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 The act of retaining money and refusal to pay was done by the second Defendant, not the 1}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid14026030 st}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 Defendant. \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid14026030 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid14026030 {\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 I res erved a ruling on this point because there was no evidence on record at that stage to assist me in reaching a decision on it. I have now got all the evidence from both sides. It is clear that whatever the 2nd Defendant did in respect of the sale transacti on he did in the company name and not in his name. He signed the sale Agreement (Exhibit P1) \'93For Akright Projects Ltd\'94. He als}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid14026030 o issued the cheque (Exhibit P11}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 ) on a DCFCL A/C No. 2501573700 belonging to Akright Project Ltd, and not his personal account. In Uganda, there is a misnomer used to describe a person as the owner of a company. This is borne out from the Plaintiff\rquote s testimony where he stated that: \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid14026030 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid14026030 {\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 \'93I }{ \i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid14026030 know the 2}{\i\lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid14026030\charrsid14026030 nd}{\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid14026030 Defendant. (Anatoli Kamugisha) as the owner of a company call ed Akrig}{\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 ht Projects Ltd.\'94 \line }{\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid14026030 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid13326534 {\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 This is legally wrong, of course; because, once a company is registered as a limited liability company, it acquires a legal per}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid14026030 sonality, capable of suing and }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 being sued in its own right; or as Lord Macnaghten put it in the Solomon \emdash Vs}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid14026030 -}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 Solomon case (supra page 49). \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid14026030 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid14026030 {\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 \'93 The company is at law a different person a/together from the subscribers }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 ...; }{\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 and, though it may be that af}{ \i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid14026030 ter incorporation the business is}{\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 precisely the same as it was before, and the same persons are managers, and the same hands receive the profits, the company is not in law the agent of the subscribers or trustee for them. Nor are subscribers, as members, in any shape or form, except to the extent and in the manner provided by the Act.\'94 \line }{ \i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid14026030 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid14026030 {\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 It follows from the above authority that the 2}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid14026030\charrsid14026030 nd}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 Defendant as a director of the }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid14026030 1}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid14026030 st}{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 Defendant, is not liable fo}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid14026030 r any acts or omissions of the 1}{\lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid14026030\charrsid14026030 s}{\lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid14026030 t}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 Defendant. He is therefore a wrong party to the suit and his name is accordingly struck out, with costs. \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid14026030 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 Turning to the issues framed, the first issue, that is, whether the Plainti}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid14026030 ff was ever instructed by the 2}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid14026030\charrsid14026030 n}{\lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid14026030 d}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 Defendant to look for land. This is a question of fact. The Plaintiff says he was and the 2nd Defendant maintains that he wasn\rquote t. It is the Plaintiff\rquote s word against his. Learned counsel for Defendant quo ted the provisions of section 100 and 101 of the Evidence Act (Cap 43) where the law is stated thus: \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid14026030 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid13326534 {\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid14026030 \'93He who alleges must prove his all}{ \i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 egations\'94}{\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid14026030 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid14026030 and}{ \i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 Cross On Evidence 7}{\lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid14026030 th}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 Edition Butterworths 1990 at page 303 that: \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid14026030 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid14026030 {\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 \'93Any matter upon which it is propo sed to contradict the evidence in chief given by a witness must normally be put to him so that he may have the opportunity of explaining the contradiction, and failure to do this may be held to imply acceptance of the evidence in chief\'94 \line }{ \i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid14026030 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid14026030 {\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 Counsel then submi tted that from the evidence adduced by the Plaintiff and his witnesses, no nexus or relation has been established to show unequivocally that the Plaintiff was entitled to any brokerage, commission or agency fee, or that his pleadings disclose any cause of action against the Defendants at all. He then referred to the testimony of Anatoly Kamugisha (DW3), Zaverio Kasawuli (DW2) and Mwijukye Polly (PW2) and invited the Court to answer the first issue in the negative. \line }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16276413 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 The Plaintiff\rquote s counsel on his part insisted that the 2}{\lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid16276413 nd}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 Defendant instructed the \line Plaintiff to find a large piece of land for his business and as a result, the Plaintiff \line embarked on the exercise. He relied on the}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16276413 testimony of the Plaintiff, Polly }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 Mwijukye (PW2) and Abdalla Tifu (DW1). \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16276413 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid13326534 {\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 I have c arefully evaluated the evidence on record on this issue. I find as a fac}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16276413 t that the Plaintiff and the 2}{\lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid16276413\charrsid16276413 n}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid16276413 d}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 Defendant were kn}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16276413 own to each other. They both }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 operated their business on Kirumira Towers, plot 14. The }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid16276413 2}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid16276413 nd}{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 Defendant told Court thus: \line }{ \i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16276413 \par \'93I}{\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 know the Plaintiff Our office }{\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16276413 is}{\b\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 }{ \i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 located on Floor 3 Room 7 and his is floor 2 Room 2, Kirumira Towers. Plot 14, William Street\rquote \line }{\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16276413 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 During cross-examination he stated thus: \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16276413 \par }\pard \s15\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid16276413 {\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 \'93I knew him in 2001.\'94 \line }{ \i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16276413 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid16276413 {\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 DW3 however denied ever working with the Plaintiff in the same office. \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16276413 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 The Plaintiff on his part testified that: \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16276413 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid16276413 {\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16276413 \lquote I}{ \i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 n September 2001, I was working with Nazarine Consult as an Office Manager}{\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16276413 \'85 I know the 2}{ \i\lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid16276413\charrsid16276413 nd}{\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 Defendant (Anatoli Kamugisha). He was brought to our office by his brother so that we could work together with him. That time he was not employed, so he was based in our office while looking for employment elsewhere. I don\rquote t know when he left our office, but after he had left our office, he told me to look for land he wanted a bi\rquote chunk of land. I approached Polly Mwejuka (PW2)}{\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16276413 \'85}{ \i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 he brought me a man called Atugonza}{\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16276413 \'85}{\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 he told me the land was located at}{\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16276413 Ndejje Lugugumu. We got a vehicl}{\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 e and went to see the said land. I told Kamugisha that I had seen the land}{\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16276413 \'85.}{\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 I also told }{ \i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16276413 him that I would first tal}{\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 k to the owners of the land and then introduce them to him. He accepted.\'94 \line }{ \i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16276413 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid13326534 {\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 Thereafter the Plaintiff stated that Atugonza brought the owners of the land, i.e Zaverio (DW2) and his two sons David Lutu (PW2) and Vicent Kigonya. He told them that he was going to sell their land and his porti on would be Shs.5m with his fellow brokers. They agreed. He then told them that his portion should remain with Kamugisha. He then told Atugonza to take the trio to Kamugisha\rquote s office. From Kamugisha\rquote s office the trio came back to him and thanked him and sa id one Latif (PW1) was to be sent to see the land as well. Latif went and saw the land and told the Plaintiff that he had seen it and it was good and that he actually knew the owner of the land. Kamugisha also told the Plaintiff that the land was good and that they would take it. \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16276413 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 It is apparent that from then on the Plaintiff w}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16276413 as kept out of the deal. Latif }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 (DW1) took over the deal as he the \'93go b}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16276413 etween\'94. He also confirmed the }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 Plaintiff story where he said: \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16276413 \par }\pard \s15\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid16276413 {\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 \'93 I knew Zaverlo before. We reside in the same area and he knows that lam a}{\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16276413 \tab }{\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 land dealer.\'94 \line }{ \i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16276413 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid16276413 {\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 They eventually signed the agreement without}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16276413 the Plaintiff\rquote s involvement. \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid13326534 {\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 Naturally, all the Defence witnesses denied the Plaintiff because they took over the deal and have since shared the commission. \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16276413 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 Having seen the demeanor of the Plaintiff and that of the }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid16276413 2}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid16276413 nd}{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 Defendant and his witnesses in Court, I came to a conclusion that they deliberately told lies before the Court to deny the Plaintiff\rquote s participation in the deal. On the whole, I find that the Plainti ff was indeed instructed by Kamugisha to get him a land. \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16276413 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 The second issue is whether he was the one who found plot 321 Block 231 at Mutungo. From the discussion in the first issue, this answer is in the affirmative. He did so through Paul Mwijuke (PW2) an d Atugonza. He then told Kamugisha (DW3) about it. DW3 sent Latif one of his employees (DW1) to confirm. Latif confirmed that the land was good. Thereafter DW3 also went and saw the land and liked it. \line }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16276413 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 There is also evidence on record that the 2 Defendant attempted to pay Shs.300}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16276413\charrsid8606887 , 000}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 - as part of the Plaintiff\rquote s commission. The cheque was however falsified and the }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16276413 2}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid16276413\charrsid16276413 n}{\lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid16276413 d}{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 Defenda}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16276413 nt refused to correct it. The 2}{\lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid16276413\charrsid16276413 nd}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 Defendant\rquote s explanation about the reason for issuing the cheque is a lie, and I have disregarded it. H e told Court for instance that he was paying for the repair of his computers and yet he stated in the same breath that the Plaintiff was not a computer expert. If he had to pay a }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid16276413 3}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid16276413\charrsid16276413 r}{\lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid16276413 d}{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 party to w}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16276413 hom the Plaintiff had taken }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 the computers for repair then h e did not bother to explain why he issued the cheque in the Plaintiff\rquote s name and not that of the 3}{\lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid16276413 rd}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 party. The cheque (Exhibit P11) is in the Plaintiff\rquote s name. \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16276413 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 David Lutu\rquote s evidence was clear. He participated in the sale of the land, and he knew the brok er was Jimmy Lukyamuzi the Plaintiff. He also testified that Atugonza was his brother and he was the one who introduced the Plaintiff to the family. This corroborates the Plaintiff\rquote s own testimony that Mwijuke (PW2) introduced him to Atugonza with whom they went and saw the land the first time. Thereafter Atugonza introduced him to the owners of the land. \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16276413 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 There was an attempt by the defence witness to deny the Plaintiff. Latif Ssemujju (DW1) claimed to have found the land himself but all the evidence points to the fact}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16276413 that he is an employee of the 1}{\lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid16276413\charrsid16276413 st}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 Defendant although he also attempted to deny that fact as well. \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16276413 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 All in all, I believe the evidence of the Plaintiff and his witnesses that he did find the land in question through Mwijuke and Atugonza. I accor}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16276413 dingly answer the 2}{\lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid16276413\charrsid16276413 n}{\lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid16276413 d}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 issue in the affirmative. \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5470968 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 The last issue is whether any commission is due to the Plaintiff and how much. The first part is answered in the affirmative. He was }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5470968 instructed to find land, he }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 found land and the }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5470968 1}{\lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid5470968\charrsid5470968 s}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid5470968 t}{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 Defendant bought t he land. He is therefore entitled to commission. The answer to the second question is Shs.5m as per agreement. How the Plaintiff shares it with his other friends is his business. \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5470968 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 In the result, I find that the Plaintiff has proved his case on the balance of \line probabilities. I accordingly enter Judg}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5470968 ment in his favour against the 1}{\lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid5470968\charrsid5470968 st}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5470968 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 Defendant for: \line 1. Shs.5m. \line 2. Interest thereon at 18% p.a from date of filing this suit till payment in full. \line 3. Costs. \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5470968 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 M. S. Arach \emdash Amoko }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5470968 }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5470968\charrsid8606887 24/8/2004}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 \line }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 \line }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 \line \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13326534 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2519057\charrsid8606887 \par }}