Maina v Republic [2023] KEHC 1839 (KLR)

Maina v Republic (Criminal Revision E166 of 2022) [2023] KEHC 1839 (KLR) (16 February 2023) (Ruling)

Neutral citation: [2023] KEHC 1839 (KLR)

Republic of Kenya

In the High Court at Naivasha

Criminal Revision E166 of 2022

FROO Olel, J

February 16, 2023

Between

Francis Kamau Maina

Applicant

and

Republic

Respondent

(Emanating from Engineer criminal case No 087 0f 2021)

Ruling

A.Introduction 1. The applicant was charged and convicted of the offence of committing an indecent Act with a child contrary to section 11(1) of the sexual offence Actin Engineer criminal case No 087 0f 2021 and sentenced to Ten (10) years on February 26, 2022. The applicant subsequently filed a revision of his sentence to include the time spent in custody and reduction of the same. The application is based on the following grounds in the said application filed in court on January 26, 2023 and the supporting affidavit thereof.

2. The respondent, through state counsel Mr Alex Ndiema opposed the application through oral arguments and he did submit that the conviction and sentence was proper and lawful and there was no need to interfere with the same.

B. Analysis of Law 3. I have considered the application by the applicant as well as the response by the state counsel. Upon receipt of the request for revision of sentence, this court directed that a Probation Officer’s report be filed on the convict for consideration by the Court. None was filed but there is a report by the in charge Naivasha Medium Prison who states that since his incarceration , the appellant had been of good conduct and undergone various training within the institution.

4. The powers of the High court in revision are contained in Section 362 through to 366 of the Criminal Procedure Code (cap 75). Section 362 specifically provides as follows: -“The High Court may call for and examine the record of any criminal proceedings before any subordinate court for the purpose of satisfying itself as to the correctness, legality or propriety of any finding, sentence or order recorded or passed, and as to the regularity of any proceedings of any such subordinate court”.

5. What the High Court can do under its revision jurisdiction is stated under Section 364 of theCriminal Procedure Code Cap 75, which states as follows: -“(1)in the case of a proceeding in a subordinate court the record of which has been called for or which has been reported for orders, or which otherwise comes to its knowledge, the High court may –(a)In the case of a conviction, exercise any of the powers conferred on it as a court of appeal by section 354, 357 and 358, and may enhance sentence;.(b)In the case of any other order than an order of acquittal, alter or reverse the order.(2)No order under this section shall be made to the prejudiced of an accused person unless he had had an opportunity of being heard either personally or through an advocate in his own defence. Provided that this subsection shall not apply to an order made where a subordinate court has failed to pass a sentence which it was required to pass under the written law creating the offence concerned.(3)Where the sentence dealt with under this section has been passed by a Subordinate Court, the High Court shall not inflict a greater punishment for the offence which in the opinion of the High Court the accused has committed than might have been inflicted by the court which imposed the sentence.(4)Nothing in this section shall be deemed to authorize the High Court to convert a finding of acquittal into one of conviction.(5)When an appeal arises from a finding, sentence or order and no appeal is brought, no proceeding by way of revision shall be entertained at the instance of the party who could have appealed.”

6. The maximum sentence provided for the offence of indecent assault is a term of not less than ten years imprisonment. The sentence of ten (10) years imposed was within the law considering that the applicant was a first offender.

7. It has not been demonstrated that the trial magistrate committed any illegality, impropriety or mistake in sentencing the applicant.

8. I am also alive to TheSentencing Policy Guidelines page 21 which provides:“Where the option of a non-custodial sentence is available, a custodial sentence should be reserved for a case in which the objectives of sentencing cannot be met through a non-custodial sentence. The court should bear in mind the high rates of recidivism associated with imprisonment and seek to impose a sentence which is geared towards steering the offender from crime. In particular, imprisonment of petty offenders should be avoided as the rehabilitative objective of sentencing is rarely met when offenders serve short sentences in custody. Further, short sentences are disruptive and contribute to re-offending.”

9. I have also take into consideration the mitigation of the applicant in this application and the prison report filed though the same is favorable, it would have been more appropriate for the appellant to appeal as against the sentence. The provisions of sec 364 (5) limits this court’s jurisdiction to interfere with sentence as imposed.On section 333(2) of the CPC

10. The appellant also pleaded with this court to consider the period he was in remand (one year and six months) and the same be considered as part of the sentence pursuant to provisions of section 333(2) of the Criminal Procedure Code.

11. Decisional law as well as legal writing’s emphasize that courts must give full effect of section 333(2) of the criminal procedure code. See court of Appeal in Ahamed Abolfathi Mohammed & Another Vrs Republic (2018) eKLR and also Bethwel Wilson Kibor Vrs Republic (2009) eKLR

12. Section 333(2) of the CPC creates an obligation on the court to take into account the time spent in custody and its purpose is to prevent subjecting a person to more severe sentence than prescribed in law. Accordingly, the section pertains to fair trial and justice. Failure to give full effect of this section will lead to a violation of right in particular Article 50(2)(q), and Article 27(1) and (2). This court must give effect to this provisions to give effect to the law.

13. The applicant stated that he had been in custody for a period of five months before he was sentenced and this period was not included in his sentence. I have gone through the court file. He was charged in court on November 25, 2021 and sentenced on April 26, 2022. The period in custody was thus five months.

14. In light of the above I do review the applicants sentence and direct that the period of five months when he was in remand be included as part of his sentence of 10 years.

15. It is so ordered.

DATED, DELIVERED AND SIGNED AT MACHAKOS (VIRTUALLY) THIS 16TH DAY OF FEBRUARY 2023. FRANCIS RAYOLAJUDGEIn the presence of: -Mr Alex Ndiema for StateApplicant present