Matovu Andrew v Uganda (Criminal Appeal No.131 of 1999) [2000] UGCA 21 (5 November 2000)

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\mdispDef1\mlMargin0\mrMargin0\mdefJc1\mwrapIndent1440\mintLim0\mnaryLim1}{\info{\title THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA }{\author Administrator}{\operator skivumbi}{\creatim\yr2010\mo2\dy1\hr17}{\revtim\yr2010\mo2\dy5\hr11\min58}{\version5}{\edmins17}{\nofpages5} {\nofwords1318}{\nofchars7518}{\nofcharsws8819}{\vern32859}}{\*\xmlnstbl {\xmlns1 http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2003/wordml}}\paperw12240\paperh15840\margl1440\margr1440\margt1440\margb1440\gutter0\ltrsect \widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\trackmoves1\trackformatting1\donotembedsysfont0\relyonvml0\donotembedlingdata1\grfdocevents0\validatexml0\showplaceholdtext0\ignoremixedcontent0\saveinvalidxml0\showxmlerrors0\noxlattoyen \expshrtn\noultrlspc\dntblnsbdb\nospaceforul\formshade\horzdoc\dgmargin\dghspace180\dgvspace180\dghorigin1440\dgvorigin1440\dghshow1\dgvshow1 \jexpand\viewkind1\viewscale100\pgbrdrhead\pgbrdrfoot\splytwnine\ftnlytwnine\htmautsp\nolnhtadjtbl\useltbaln\alntblind\lytcalctblwd\lyttblrtgr\lnbrkrule\nobrkwrptbl\snaptogridincell\allowfieldendsel\wrppunct \asianbrkrule\rsidroot16255240\newtblstyruls\nogrowautofit \fet0{\*\wgrffmtfilter 2450}\ilfomacatclnup0\ltrpar \sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid6628129\sftnbj {\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (} {\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9 \pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid1343054 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16255240\charrsid1343054 THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA \line IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF UGANDA AT KAMPALA \line CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 131 OF 1999 \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1343054 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid1343054 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16255240\charrsid1343054 CORAM: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1343054 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16255240\charrsid1343054 HON. MR. JUSTICE C. M. KATO, JA. \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1343054 \tab \tab HON. MR. J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16255240\charrsid1343054 USTICE J. P. BERKO, JA. \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1343054 \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16255240\charrsid1343054 HON. MR. JUSTICE S. G. ENGWAU, JA. \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1343054 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid1343054 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16255240\charrsid1343054 MATOVU ANDREW }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1343054 \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16255240\charrsid1343054 APPELLANT \line VERSUS \line UGANDA }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1343054 \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85..}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16255240\charrsid1343054 RESPONDENT \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16255240\charrsid1343054 (Arising from }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16255240\charrsid1343054 the judgment of High }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16255240\charrsid1343054 Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16255240\charrsid1343054 of Uganda at Kamp}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1343054\charrsid1343054 ala (before Hon. Katutsi J) \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16255240\charrsid1343054 dated }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1343054\charrsid1343054 19/11/}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16255240\charrsid1343054 99 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16255240\charrsid1343054 in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1343054\charrsid1343054 Original HCCS No. 25/}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16255240\charrsid1343054 98 \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1343054\charrsid1343054 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid1343054 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid1343054 JUDGMENT OF THE C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid16255240\charrsid1343054 OURT:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid1343054 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16255240\charrsid1343054 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16255240\charrsid1343054 appeal is against conviction and sentence of death for murder imposed on the appellant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1343054 by the High Court on 10/11/99. \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16255240\charrsid1343054 The state\rquote s case against the appellant is that on 14/06/96 the appellant and two others attacked the home of Dr. Philda Tradia, PW2 who was at that time an Advisor to the Economic Commission for Africa an}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1343054 d shot her night watchman John }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16255240\charrsid1343054 Ruberakurura dead. The robbers robbed her at gun point money, her wrist watch and a number of household properties which included a video, another radio, time big radio, two cameras, neck tie, T/Shirts, a Computer a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1343054 nd other assorted clothes. The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16255240\charrsid1343054 robbers used her motor vehicle to ferry their loot. The matter was reported to the police and Local Defence Unit. The followi ng day PW2 was invited to the Katwe Police Station and she identified the vehicle and a computer that were stolen. A few days thereafter the appellant was arrested by LDUs. His arrest resulted in the arrest of the other robbers. \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1343054 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16255240\charrsid1343054 The appellant led the police to his home in Tower Zone, Makindye where two TV sets, two video decks, several video tapes, radio cassettes, several radio cassettes tapes, a fan and men\rquote s clothes were recov}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1343054 ered. He led the police to his s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16255240\charrsid1343054 econd home in Tower village which was abou t 500 metres from his first home where the police recovered a video camera stand, a camera}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1343054 , a fan, a TV set and clothes. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16255240\charrsid1343054 PW2 and her husband went to Katwe Police Station and identified the properties and claimed them as their properties. Both PW2 and her driver, Dick Waswa Kafero, PW5, said that they were able to recognise the alleged robbers. The appellant was picked at}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1343054 identification parade by PW5. \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16255240\charrsid1343054 At the trial, the appellant testified on oath that before his arrest he was selling cabbage in the market. He was picked at midnight of 20/07/96 by LDUs who were looking for a disco compact which had been stolen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1343054 . They searched his house, but}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16255240\charrsid1343054 }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16255240\charrsid1343054 nothing was found. The LDUs went with him to search other homes. He was taken to the police station and left there. The following day the police took him to his }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1343054\charrsid1343054 house}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16255240\charrsid1343054 and searched there and recovered TV set, one fan, clothes and a radio. These things belonged to him. The police again took him to his sister\rquote s home and searched the place but found nothing. He was returned to the police station. A week later he was taken to the office of PW2. The police told PW2 that he was the one who robbed her. PW2 at first said she had never seen him. The police, however, urged PW2 to say he was the one and PW2 said Okay. Later he was taken to an identification parade consisting of twelve people. The man picked two of them. He was not happy with the identification parade and so he refused to sign t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1343054 he identification parade form. }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16255240\charrsid1343054 He said he did n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1343054 ot know any of the co-accused. \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16255240\charrsid1343054 The learned judge found that the appellants\rquote co-accused were not clearly and mistakenly identified. He therefore found them not guilty and acquitted them. He however, held that the appellant was properly identified at the scene and that he participated in the r obbery and convicted him. He also found him guilty of the murder of t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1343054 he watchman and convicted him. \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16255240\charrsid1343054 The five grounds of appeal were argued together by Mr. Sseguya who appeared for the appellant both at the High Court on state brief and in this court on a private brief. It was the contention of Mr. Sseg}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1343054 uya that the appellant was not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16255240\charrsid1343054 positively identified at the scene. He argued that if PW2 identified the appellant at the scene, she ought to have taken part in the identification parade. Since she did not do that, her evidence of identification should not have been believed by the learned trial judge. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1343054 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16255240\charrsid1343054 The identification evidence came from two witnesses. The first one was PW2. Her evidence was that she recognised the appellant as the person who beat her up and pointed a pistol at her face and threatened that he would shoot her unless she showed them where her husband\rquote s money was. She said she looked at the robbers for a long time. She said the appellant had a tassel of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16476025 hair under his chin. In court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16255240\charrsid1343054 she pointed that to the court. She also said the two of attackers took her into the bed room. She was told to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16476025\charrsid1343054 switch}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16255240\charrsid1343054 on the lights which she did. The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16476025\charrsid1343054 appellant was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16255240\charrsid1343054 one of those who were in the bed room. According to her the whol}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16476025 e episode took about two hours. \par \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid7883379 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16255240\charrsid1343054 The evidence of PW2 clearly showed that there }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7883379\charrsid1343054 were electric lights}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16255240\charrsid1343054 in the bed room. The appellant was close to her when demanding money and pointing a pistol at her face. Though PW2 was apparently in state of fair, she was able to identify the appellant. We agree that the conditions in the bedroom were conducive for proper identification. In our view the fact that she was not used i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7883379 n the identification parade is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16255240\charrsid1343054 not fatal to the prosecution\rquote s case. The appellant said that she came to the police with PW5 when the identification parade was held}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7883379 . Since PW5 had already picked }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16255240\charrsid1343054 him up, her identification of him at the parade would have served no useful purpos}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7883379 e as she had already seen him. \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16255240\charrsid1343054 The second identifying witness was PW5. He said that after the robbers had ransacked the house, they attempted to start his mistress\rquote s vehicle, but could not. The robbers then returned to the bed room and untied him and took him out at gun point to replace the tyre that had had a puncture. The flood lights in the house ena bled him to recognise the appellant when he was replacing the tyre. After replacing the tyre he was taken bac}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7883379 k to the house and tied again. \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16255240\charrsid1343054 We think that the time taken by PW5 to remove the punctured tyre and to replace it with another one was long en ough for him to recognise the appellant. The presence of the flood lights made the conditions favourable for correct identification. Besides he was able to pick him at an identification parade. The fact that he also picked a volunteer as well does not det r act from the fact that he was able to identify the appellant. It would have been fatal if the evidence had been that only one person participated in the crime, or if he had said that the other person he picked was the appellant. There is no evidence that the appellant complained to PWI that the identification was not properly conducted. His evidence that he was dissatisfied with it was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7883379 clearly an afterthought. \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16255240\charrsid1343054 The evidence of identification required corroboration only where conditions for correct ident ification are difficult. Here we are satisfied that the conditions for correct identification were favourable. No discrepancies and contradictions in the evidence of the identifying witnesses have been pointed out to us and we did not find any on the reco r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7883379 d. \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16255240\charrsid1343054 There is evidence that some properties were recovered from the appellant. Other properties were also recovered from th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7883379 e other accused persons. These }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16255240\charrsid1343054 properties were returned to PW2 by the police. The appellant maintained at the trial that all the items recovered from his house belonge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7883379 d to him. Since the properties }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16255240\charrsid1343054 released to PW2 were not brought to Court at the trial, it cannot be said with certainty that those were the properties recovered from the appellant\rquote s house. They could well have been the properties recovered from the other accused persons. Therefore the properties allegedly recovered from the appellant\rquote s house cannot be relied upon, on the doctrine of recent possession, to connect him with the offence. That might have been the reason w hy the learned trial judge did not rely on that doctrine. There is, however, other evidence on record, which connects him with the offence. We therefore find no merit in the appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7883379 . It is accordingly dismissed. \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16255240\charrsid1343054 Before we take leave of this case, we wis h to comment on one irregularity that came to our notice. Though the learned trial judge convicted the appellant on two counts of murder and aggravated robbery, he did not pass sentence for the charge of murder. He merely suspended the sentence when no su c h sentence had been passed. We wish to point out that it is necessary to pass sentences on all the counts for which convictions have been recorded. Accordingly, under Section 12 of the Judicature Statute, the appellant is sentenced to death for murder in respect of Count two. The Order of the trial judge suspending s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7883379 entence on this count remains. \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16255240\charrsid1343054 Date}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7883379 d at Kampala this }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3698310 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid3698310\charrsid3698310 th}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3698310 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7883379 day of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3698310 November }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7883379 2000. \par \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid7883379 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7883379 C. M. K}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16255240\charrsid1343054 ato \line Justice of Appeal. \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7883379 \par J. P Berko \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16255240\charrsid1343054 Justice of Appeal. \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7883379 \par S. G. 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