Mutumbwe William v Uganda (Criminal Appeal No. 252 of 2002) [2008] UGCA 12 (4 July 2008)

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{\b\fs28\insrsid14818573\charrsid13328993 IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF UGANDA AT KAMPALA \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14818573 {\b\fs28\insrsid14818573\charrsid13328993 \par \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9719309 {\b\fs28\insrsid14818573\charrsid13328993 CORAM:\tab HON. JUSTICE S. G. ENGWAU, JA \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14818573 {\b\fs28\insrsid14818573\charrsid13328993 \tab \tab HON. JUSTICE A. TWINOMUJUNI, JA \par \tab \tab HON. JUSTICE S. B. K. KAVUMA, JA \par \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9719309 {\b\fs28\ul\insrsid14818573\charrsid13328993 CRIMINAL APPEAL NO.252 OF 2002 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14818573 {\b\fs28\ul\insrsid14818573\charrsid13328993 \par \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9719309 {\b\fs28\insrsid13328993 MUTUMBWE WILLIAM\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85}{\b\fs28\insrsid14818573\charrsid13328993 \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85APPELLANT

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14818573 {\b\fs28\insrsid14818573\charrsid13328993 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9719309 {\b\fs28\insrsid14818573\charrsid13328993 V E R S U S \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14818573 {\b\fs28\insrsid14818573\charrsid13328993 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9719309 {\b\fs28\insrsid14818573\charrsid13328993 UGANDA}{\b\fs28\insrsid13328993 \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85}{ \b\fs28\insrsid14818573\charrsid13328993 \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85. RESPONDENT \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14818573 {\b\fs28\insrsid14818573\charrsid13328993 \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1539527 {\b\fs24\insrsid14818573\charrsid13328993 [Appeal from conviction and}{\b\fs24\insrsid1539527\charrsid13328993 sentence of the High Court at \par M}{\b\fs24\insrsid14818573\charrsid13328993 bale (Mwondha, J) dated 26}{\b\fs24\super\insrsid14818573\charrsid13328993 th}{\b\fs24\insrsid14818573\charrsid13328993 September 2002 }{\b\fs24\insrsid1539527\charrsid13328993 \par }{\b\fs24\insrsid14818573\charrsid13328993 in Criminal Session Case No.24 of 2000] \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14818573 {\b\fs28\insrsid14818573\charrsid13328993 \par \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9719309 {\b\fs28\ul\insrsid14818573\charrsid13328993 JUDGMENT OF THE COURT: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14818573 {\b\fs28\ul\insrsid14818573\charrsid13328993 \par \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13328993 {\fs28\insrsid14818573\charrsid13328993 This is an appeal against the judgmen}{\fs28\insrsid1539527\charrsid13328993 t of the High Court at M}{ \fs28\insrsid14818573\charrsid13328993 bale where the appellant was charged with the offence of defilement, he was convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment. The facts of the case as found by the learned trial judge are as follows:- \par \par On 10}{\fs28\super\insrsid14818573\charrsid13328993 th}{\fs28\insrsid1539527\charrsid13328993 November 1999, at M}{\fs28\insrsid14818573\charrsid13328993 orotom}{\fs28\insrsid1539527\charrsid13328993 e village, Kabwangasi S}{ \fs28\insrsid14818573\charrsid13328993 ub-county}{\fs28\insrsid1539527\charrsid13328993 in Pallisa D}{\fs28\insrsid14818573\charrsid13328993 istrict, the mother of the victim, one }{\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 Jane}{ \fs28\insrsid14818573\charrsid13328993 Kalepa left her daughter called }{\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 Barbra}{\fs28\insrsid14818573\charrsid13328993 Amacu aged 6 }{\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 years at}{ \fs28\insrsid14818573\charrsid13328993 her home taking care of }{\fs28\insrsid1539527\charrsid13328993 the }{\fs28\insrsid14818573\charrsid13328993 baby. She went to the }{\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 nearby}{ \fs28\insrsid14818573\charrsid13328993 shops. On her return, she found that Amacu had left the baby alone and was nowhere to be seen. Nearby t}{\fs28\insrsid1539527\charrsid13328993 here }{\fs28\insrsid14889736 was a shed where Kalepa}{ \fs28\insrsid1539527\charrsid13328993 sold M}{\fs28\insrsid14818573\charrsid13328993 alwa drinks. She heard some noise from shaking forms and she went }{\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 there}{\fs28\insrsid14818573\charrsid13328993 to see what was going on. She found }{\fs28\insrsid14889736 the }{\fs28\insrsid14818573\charrsid13328993 appellant l}{\fs28\insrsid3821847\charrsid13328993 ying on top of the small girl }{\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 Barbra}{ \fs28\insrsid3821847\charrsid13328993 Amacu, with his pants down and the child\rquote s dress pushed up. Her pants had been removed. The appellant started running away while pulling his trousers up. The complainant (PW7) followed the appellant while making an alarm. He entered the house of one Mugugwa (PW4). Many people }{ \fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 answered}{\fs28\insrsid3821847\charrsid13328993 the }{\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 alarm}{\fs28\insrsid3821847\charrsid13328993 including the LC Officials of the area who arrested the appell}{ \fs28\insrsid1539527\charrsid13328993 ant and took him to Kabwangasi Police P}{\fs28\insrsid3821847\charrsid13328993 ost. Meanwhile the complainant checked the private parts of her daughter and she found that }{\fs28\insrsid1539527\charrsid13328993 \'93} {\b\fs28\insrsid3821847\charrsid13328993 she had }{\b\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 bruises}{\b\fs28\insrsid3821847\charrsid13328993 in the vagina as he was trying to enter\'94. }{\fs28\insrsid3821847\charrsid13328993 She took the victim to Pallisa Hospital for examination which was done on the same day. }{\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 The doctor who examined her found that she had inflammation on her privat}{\fs28\insrsid1539527\charrsid13328993 e parts but her hymen was not ru}{\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 pture}{\fs28\insrsid4415014 d}{\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 . }{\fs28\insrsid14818573\charrsid13328993 \par }{\fs28\insrsid3821847\charrsid13328993 \par In his defence, the appellant accepted that on the date in question, he went to the home of the complainant (PW2) to take Malwa. He bought Malwa from her but she left him with her daughter and went somewhere}{\fs28\insrsid4415014 . O}{ \fs28\insrsid3821847\charrsid13328993 n her return, she found }{\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 her }{\fs28\insrsid1539527\charrsid13328993 d}{\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 aught}{\fs28\insrsid1539527\charrsid13328993 e}{ \fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 r}{\fs28\insrsid3821847\charrsid13328993 jumping around playing with him but to his surprise PW2 started raising an }{\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 alarm}{\fs28\insrsid3821847\charrsid13328993 that he had defiled her daughter. Many people started coming as a result of which he feared and fled to the nearby home of PW3 where he was arrested and taken to police and then to court.}{\fs28\insrsid3157697\charrsid13328993 The appel lant was subsequently charged with the offence of defilement, convicted and sentenced as aforesaid. Hence this appeal.}{\fs28\insrsid3821847\charrsid13328993 \par }{\fs28\insrsid3157697\charrsid13328993 \par Mr. }{\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 Henry}{\fs28\insrsid3157697\charrsid13328993 Kunya who appeared for the appe}{\fs28\insrsid1539527\charrsid13328993 llant on a state brief filed a M}{\fs28\insrsid3157697\charrsid13328993 emorandum of Appeal with the following four grounds of appeal:- \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\fs28\insrsid3157697\charrsid13328993 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13328993 { \b\fs28\insrsid3157697\charrsid13328993 THAT the learned trial judge erred in law an}{\b\fs28\insrsid14889736 d}{\b\fs28\insrsid3157697\charrsid13328993 fact when she convicted the }{\b\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 appellant on the basis of uncorroborated}{\b\fs28\insrsid3157697\charrsid13328993 and unsatisfactory circumstantial evidence. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}{\b\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 THAT the learned trial judge erred in law and fact when she disregarded the appellant\rquote s defenc e which was credible, truthful and believable.}{\b\fs28\insrsid3157697\charrsid13328993 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\fs28\insrsid3157697\charrsid13328993 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}THAT the learned trial jud}{\b\fs28\insrsid4534952\charrsid13328993 ge erred in law an}{\b\fs28\insrsid14889736 d}{\b\fs28\insrsid4534952\charrsid13328993 fact in imposing a sentence of life imprisonment against the appellant, which was harsh and excessive in the obtaining circumstances.}{\b\fs28\insrsid3157697\charrsid13328993 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 4.\tab}}{\b\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 THAT the learned trial judge erred in law and fact when she failed to adequately evaluate the evidence adduced at trial and hence reached an erroneous decision.}{\b\fs28\insrsid4534952\charrsid13328993 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13328993 {\fs28\insrsid4534952\charrsid13328993 \par Mr. }{\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 K}{\fs28\insrsid1539527\charrsid13328993 u}{\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 nya}{\fs28\insrsid4534952\charrsid13328993 argued grounds one and four together. He submitted that the evidence upon which the appellant was }{\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 convicted}{\fs28\insrsid4534952\charrsid13328993 was neither }{\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 corroborated} {\fs28\insrsid4534952\charrsid13328993 nor satisfactory. He argued that since the victim of the defilement was not called to give evidence, it was useless to talk of corroboration }{\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 because}{ \fs28\insrsid4534952\charrsid13328993 there was no evidence to corroborate. He contended that finding of the appellant lying on top of the victim, even if }{\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 true}{\fs28\insrsid4534952\charrsid13328993 , could not of itself }{\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 prove}{\fs28\insrsid4534952\charrsid13328993 that there was any sexual intercourse. The }{\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 doctor\rquote s}{\fs28\insrsid4534952\charrsid13328993 evidence was not satisfactory because it did not }{\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 prove}{\fs28\insrsid4534952\charrsid13328993 }{\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 that}{\fs28\insrsid4534952\charrsid13328993 there was any sexual intercourse or penetration at all. Mere inflammation of the girls vagina is not }{\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 proof of}{\fs28\insrsid4534952\charrsid13328993 sexual intercourse as the hymen was not}{ \fs28\insrsid10430742\charrsid13328993 }{\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 ruptured}{\fs28\insrsid10430742\charrsid13328993 at all. In his view, the absence of the evidence of the victim was fatal to the whole case and the appellant was wrongly convicted. He requested us to find so and to quash the conviction and set }{\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 aside}{ \fs28\insrsid10430742\charrsid13328993 the sentence and order that the appellant be set free.}{\fs28\insrsid4534952\charrsid13328993 \par }{\fs28\insrsid10430742\charrsid13328993 \par }{\fs28\insrsid11409290\charrsid13328993 Mr. Fred K}{\fs28\insrsid4415014 ak}{\fs28\insrsid10430742\charrsid13328993 oza, the learned Principal State }{\fs28\insrsid11409290\charrsid13328993 A}{\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 ttorney in}{ \fs28\insrsid11409290\charrsid13328993 the Directorate of Public P}{\fs28\insrsid10430742\charrsid13328993 rosecutions did not agree. He supported the conviction and the sentence imposed on the appellant. He argued that there was sufficient evidence to prove that there was penetration of the vagina of the }{\fs28\insrsid11409290\charrsid13328993 vic}{\fs28\insrsid10430742\charrsid13328993 tim. He relied on two pieces of evidence which}{ \fs28\insrsid14889736 ,}{\fs28\insrsid10430742\charrsid13328993 in his view}{\fs28\insrsid14889736 ,}{\fs28\insrsid10430742\charrsid13328993 proved penetration:- \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\fs28\insrsid10430742\charrsid13328993 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13328993 { \fs28\insrsid10430742\charrsid13328993 PW2 found the appellant lying on top of the victim with his pants down and the victim\rquote s pants had been removed and her dress was pushed up. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\fs28\insrsid10430742\charrsid13328993 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}The mother}{\fs28\insrsid14889736 ,}{\fs28\insrsid10430742\charrsid13328993 (PW2)}{\fs28\insrsid14889736 ,}{\fs28\insrsid10430742\charrsid13328993 examined the victim and found }{\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 bruises}{\fs28\insrsid10430742\charrsid13328993 on her vagina.}{\b\fs28\insrsid10430742\charrsid13328993 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13328993 {\fs28\insrsid10430742\charrsid13328993 \par We shall now }{\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 proceed}{\fs28\insrsid10430742\charrsid13328993 to dispose of these two grounds of appeal. In order to prove a charge of de filement, it must be proved that the accused person had sexual intercourse with the victim. It is not, however, necessary that full sexual intercourse should }{\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 have}{\fs28\insrsid10430742\charrsid13328993 taken place. It will be enough if there is evidence showing that some penetration of the male sexual organ into the victim\rquote s vagina took place. It has been repeatedly held in our superior courts that in sexual offences, the slightest penetration will be }{\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 sufficient}{\fs28\insrsid10430742\charrsid13328993 to constitute an offence. See }{\b\fs28\ul\insrsid10430742\charrsid13328993 Mujuni Apollo vs Uganda}{\b\fs28\ul\insrsid11409290\charrsid13328993 Cr}{\b\fs28\ul\insrsid10430742\charrsid13328993 . Appeal No.26 of 1999. \par \par }{\fs28\insrsid10430742\charrsid13328993 In }{\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 sexual}{\fs28\insrsid10430742\charrsid13328993 offences, the evidence of the victim of the offence is always very essential. She is the one who experiences the act constituting the offence and is the one most suited to describe to court the nature of the experience. This does not mean, how ever, that sexual offences cannot be proved in }{\fs28\insrsid14889736 the }{\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 absence}{\fs28\insrsid10430742\charrsid13328993 of the evidence of the victim. If there is cogent evidence}{\fs28\insrsid14889736 ,}{ \fs28\insrsid10430742\charrsid13328993 circumstantial or otherwise}{\fs28\insrsid14889736 ,}{\fs28\insrsid10430742\charrsid13328993 that a sexual act must have taken place and there are no }{\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 coexistent}{ \fs28\insrsid10430742\charrsid13328993 facts to }{\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 suggest}{\fs28\insrsid10430742\charrsid13328993 otherwise, a trial cou rt can, after warning itself of the danger of convicting in absence of the victims evidence, still go ahead and convict on that evidence}{\fs28\insrsid2755723\charrsid13328993 .}{\fs28\insrsid10430742\charrsid13328993 \par }{\fs28\insrsid2755723\charrsid13328993 \par In the instant case, we have the evidence of }{\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 Jane}{\fs28\insrsid2755723\charrsid13328993 Kalepo (the mother of the victim who gave evidence as PW2). She fo und the appellant lying on top of her daughter. His trouser was down and the victim\rquote s pants had been removed and her dress was pushed up. She stated that when she examined the victim, she found some bruises on her vagina caused by the appellant, according to the witness, }{\b\fs28\insrsid2755723\charrsid4415014 because he was trying to enter}{\fs28\insrsid2755723\charrsid13328993 . The impression which was formed by this witness after examining her daughter was that the appellant was trying to enter the vagina of the victim but she was not sure whether he succeeded. She formed this impression after observing some redness on the vagina which she also refers to as bruises. Apparently the victim did not tell her anything to suggest that penetration had occurred. }{\fs28\insrsid4415014 \par \par }{\fs28\insrsid2755723\charrsid13328993 We do not think that this evidence alone is enough to lead to an }{\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 irresistible}{\fs28\insrsid2755723\charrsid13328993 inference that penetration must have occurred. It does not rule out the possibility that the appellant was still fumbling when his }{\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 diabolical}{\fs28\insrsid2755723\charrsid13328993 attempts were frustrated by the sudden arrival of the victim\rquote s mother (PW2). Then}{\fs28\insrsid4415014 ,}{\fs28\insrsid2755723\charrsid13328993 there is the evidence of the doctor (PW1) who examine}{\fs28\insrsid14889736 d}{ \fs28\insrsid2755723\charrsid13328993 the victim some seven hours after the incident. He said he examined the victim Amacu }{\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 Barbra}{\fs28\insrsid2755723\charrsid13328993 who was then aged 5 years. He was told that she was sexually assaulted. He stated in his own words that. \par \par }\pard \qj \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9719309 {\b\fs28\insrsid2755723\charrsid13328993 \'93There was penetration, the hymen was not }{ \b\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 ruptured}{\b\fs28\insrsid2755723\charrsid13328993 \'94. \par }\pard \qj \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13328993 {\b\fs28\insrsid2755723\charrsid13328993 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13328993 {\fs28\insrsid2755723\charrsid13328993 He also found inflammation in h}{\fs28\insrsid11409290\charrsid13328993 e}{ \fs28\insrsid2755723\charrsid13328993 r private parts and some injuries on her }{\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 knee}{\fs28\insrsid2755723\charrsid13328993 . She had no }{\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 venereal}{ \fs28\insrsid2755723\charrsid13328993 decease or }{\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 pregnancy}{\fs28\insrsid2755723\charrsid13328993 . Under }{\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 cross}{\fs28\insrsid2755723\charrsid13328993 examination, the doctor clarified:- \par }\pard \qj \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13328993 {\b\fs28\insrsid11409290\charrsid13328993 \'93}{\b\fs28\insrsid2755723\charrsid13328993 The entry of the vagina was red. There were no signs of spermatozoa. Redness can be caused by friction. Friction can }{\b\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 be}{\b\fs28\insrsid2755723\charrsid13328993 caused by anything physical. I didn\rquote t find what caused the redness. I concluded because the police officer told me that she was sexually assaulted. Redness in female organs can be caused by infections also. I }{\b\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 didn\rquote t}{ \b\fs28\insrsid2755723\charrsid13328993 talk to the victim about what had }{\b\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 happened}{\b\fs28\insrsid2755723\charrsid13328993 to her.\'94 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13328993 {\b\fs28\insrsid2755723\charrsid13328993 \par }{\fs28\insrsid2755723\charrsid13328993 After examining the victim}{\fs28\insrsid14889736 ,}{\fs28\insrsid2755723\charrsid13328993 the doctor filed Police Form 3 Appendix. The second question}{\fs28\insrsid9512572\charrsid13328993 on that form asked:}{ \fs28\insrsid2755723\charrsid13328993 \par }\pard \qj \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13328993 {\b\fs28\insrsid9512572\charrsid13328993 \'93Are there any sign of any form}{\b\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 , however}{ \b\fs28\insrsid9512572\charrsid13328993 slight of penetration?\'94 \par \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9719309 {\fs28\insrsid9512572\charrsid13328993 The Doctor }{\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 replied}{ \fs28\insrsid9512572\charrsid13328993 :- }{\b\fs28\insrsid9512572\charrsid13328993 \'93Yes (Red)\'94 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13328993 {\b\fs28\insrsid9512572\charrsid13328993 \par }{\fs28\insrsid9512572\charrsid13328993 Question No.5 on the form asked:- \par }\pard \qj \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13328993 {\b\fs28\insrsid9512572\charrsid13328993 \'93Are there any injuries or }{\b\fs28\insrsid6120292\charrsid13328993 inflammation around the private part?\'94}{\b\fs28\insrsid9512572\charrsid13328993 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13328993 {\b\fs28\insrsid6120292\charrsid13328993 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9719309 {\fs28\insrsid6120292\charrsid13328993 The doctor answered }{\b\fs28\insrsid6120292\charrsid13328993 \'93Yes\'94}{ \fs28\insrsid6120292\charrsid13328993 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13328993 {\fs28\insrsid6120292\charrsid13328993 \par Question No.6 asked: \par }\pard \qj \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13328993 {\b\fs28\insrsid6120292\charrsid13328993 \'93Are injuries in (5) Consistent with force having been met sexually?\'94 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13328993 {\b\fs28\insrsid6120292\charrsid13328993 \par }{\fs28\insrsid6120292\charrsid13328993 The doctor put }{\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 \endash (}{\fs28\insrsid6120292\charrsid13328993 dash) on the space provided for his answer. \par On this evidence, it seems clear to us that though the doctor used the word }{\b\fs28\insrsid6120292\charrsid13328993 \'93penetration}{\b\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 \'94 }{\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 he}{ \fs28\insrsid6120292\charrsid13328993 was only making an inference from the fact that he was told that a sexual assault had occurred and from the inflammation (redness) of the vagina of the victim. That is why he was not prepared to answer positively on the police form }{\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 that}{\fs28\insrsid6120292\charrsid13328993 the injuries or inflammation he saw on the victim was }{\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 consistent}{\fs28\insrsid6120292\charrsid13328993 with force having been met sexually. He said that such redness could be }{ \fs28\insrsid5262596\charrsid13328993 consistent with }{\fs28\insrsid6120292\charrsid13328993 an infection. He was not prepared to state categorically that he saw anything, penetration or inflammation (redness) consistent with only a sexual act. \par \par This is where the evidence of the victim of the }{\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 defilement}{\fs28\insrsid6120292\charrsid13328993 would have proved }{\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 crucial}{\fs28\insrsid6120292\charrsid13328993 . Her evidence would have assisted the court to make an informed inference as to whether penetration took place }{\fs28\insrsid14889736 or not. For a child of only five}{\fs28\insrsid6120292\charrsid13328993 years, one would have expected her to complain to her mother of feeling pain. It seems the interview the }{\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 mother}{\fs28\insrsid6120292\charrsid13328993 had with her left her with no doubt that the appellant was still trying }{\fs28\insrsid14889736 to penetrate }{\fs28\insrsid6120292\charrsid13328993 but had not yet succeeded. In }{\fs28\insrsid14889736 the }{\fs28\insrsid6120292\charrsid13328993 absence of the vital evidence of the victim, we are unable to support the finding of the trial judge that the evidence before her proved beyond reasonable doubt that sexual penetration took place. This means that the offence of defilement cannot stand. }{\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 But, as I shall show presently, th}{\fs28\insrsid5262596\charrsid13328993 e evidence could support the co}{\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 m}{\fs28\insrsid4415014 miss}{\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 ion of other minor cognate offences to the offence of defilement.}{\fs28\insrsid6120292\charrsid13328993 \par \par The second ground of appeal complains that the trial judge erred in law and fact to disregard the}{\fs28\insrsid10969802\charrsid13328993 }{\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 appellant\rquote s}{\fs28\insrsid10969802\charrsid13328993 defence which was a total denial of having sexually assaulted the victim. We have carefully studied the evidence of PW2, the mother of the victim, PW3 the Chairman of LCI who }{\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 rescued}{ \fs28\insrsid10969802\charrsid13328993 the appellant from a mob which was threatening to lynch him and PW4 in whose home the appellant took refuge. The learned trial judge found these witnesses to be credible. On the other hand, she did not believe the defence of the appellant. We are equally satisfied that on the morning of 10}{\fs28\super\insrsid10969802\charrsid13328993 th}{\fs28\insrsid10969802\charrsid13328993 November 1999, the appellant}{ \fs28\insrsid5262596\charrsid13328993 sexually assaulted the victim A}{\fs28\insrsid10969802\charrsid13328993 macu }{\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 Barbra}{\fs28\insrsid10969802\charrsid13328993 a }{\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 girl}{ \fs28\insrsid10969802\charrsid13328993 who was then aged 5-6 years of age. This }{\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 type}{\fs28\insrsid10969802\charrsid13328993 of sexual assault is called, in light of }{\fs28\insrsid14889736 the }{ \fs28\insrsid10969802\charrsid13328993 evidence before the }{\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 trial}{\fs28\insrsid10969802\charrsid13328993 court, }{\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 attempted}{\fs28\insrsid10969802\charrsid13328993 defilement. The offence is }{\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 provided}{\fs28\insrsid10969802\charrsid13328993 for in section 123(2) of the Penal Code Act which states:- }{\fs28\insrsid6120292\charrsid13328993 \par }{\fs28\insrsid10969802\charrsid13328993 \par }\pard \qj \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13328993 {\b\fs28\insrsid10969802\charrsid13328993 \'93}{\b\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 Any}{\b\fs28\insrsid10969802\charrsid13328993 person who }{\b\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 attempts to}{\b\fs28\insrsid10969802\charrsid13328993 have unlawful sexual }{\b\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 intercourse}{\b\fs28\insrsid10969802\charrsid13328993 with a }{ \b\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 girl}{\b\fs28\insrsid10969802\charrsid13328993 }{\b\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 under}{\b\fs28\insrsid10969802\charrsid13328993 the age of eighteen years }{\b\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 is}{ \b\fs28\insrsid4415014 guilty of an}{\b\fs28\insrsid10969802\charrsid13328993 offence and liable to imprisonment for eighteen years.\'94 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13328993 {\b\fs28\insrsid10969802\charrsid13328993 \par }{\fs28\insrsid10969802\charrsid13328993 The offences of attempts are }{\fs28\insrsid5262596\charrsid13328993 defined under 369 of the Penal C}{\fs28\insrsid10969802\charrsid13328993 ode Act as follows:- \par }\pard \qj \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13328993 {\b\fs28\insrsid14711670\charrsid13328993 \'93369 (1) When a person, intending to commit an offence, begins to put his }{ \b\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 intention into}{\b\fs28\insrsid14711670\charrsid13328993 execution by means adapted to its fulfilment, and manifests his intention by some over act, but does not fulfil his intention to such an }{ \b\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 extent}{\b\fs28\insrsid14711670\charrsid13328993 as to commit the offence, he is deemed to attempt to commit the offence.}{\b\fs28\insrsid10969802\charrsid13328993 \par }\pard \qj \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9719309 {\b\fs28\insrsid14711670\charrsid13328993 (2) It is immaterial- \par }\pard \qj \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13328993 {\b\fs28\insrsid14711670\charrsid13328993 (a) except so far a s regards punishment, whether the offender does all that is necessary on his part for completing the commission of the offence, or whether the complete fulfilment of his }{\b\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 intention}{ \b\fs28\insrsid14711670\charrsid13328993 is prevented by circumstances independent of his will, or whether he desists of his own motion from the further prosecution of his intention; \par (b) }{\b\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 That}{\b\fs28\insrsid14711670\charrsid13328993 by reason of circumstances not known to the offender it is impossible in fact to commit the offence.\'94 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13328993 {\b\fs28\insrsid14711670\charrsid13328993 \par }{\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 There}{\fs28\insrsid14711670\charrsid13328993 is credible evidence }{\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 that}{\fs28\insrsid14711670\charrsid13328993 the appellant was found red handed lying on to p of a small girl aged 6 years. He had lowered his trousers to set f}{\fs28\insrsid1327821 ree}{\fs28\insrsid14711670\charrsid13328993 his sexual organ. He removed the pants }{\fs28\insrsid14371255\charrsid13328993 of the small girl and pushed her dress upwards away from the area of her private parts. When he was f}{\fs28\insrsid1327821 o}{\fs28\insrsid14371255\charrsid13328993 r}{\fs28\insrsid1327821 c}{\fs28\insrsid14371255\charrsid13328993 ed to abandon his project by the arrival of the girl\rquote s mother, he took off leaving the girl on top of a form where he }{\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 tried to}{\fs28\insrsid14371255\charrsid13328993 ravish her. Examination of the girl shortly after the crime revealed that her vagina had been bruised and she had other injuries on her }{\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 thighs}{\fs28\insrsid14371255\charrsid13328993 and knees. Though we w ere not satisfied that penetration had occurred, yet we have no doubt that he had completed all the necessary preparations by removing her and his clothes, lying on top of her and bruising her sexual parts to }{\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 enable }{\fs28\insrsid14371255\charrsid13328993 him defile the young girl. He had started putting his }{\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 intentions}{\fs28\insrsid14371255\charrsid13328993 into execution and manifested the intention with overt acts of }{ \fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 undressing}{\fs28\insrsid14371255\charrsid13328993 himself and the child and lying on top of her. We therefore find the appellant }{\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 not}{\fs28\insrsid14371255\charrsid13328993 guilty of the offence of }{\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 defilement}{\fs28\insrsid14371255\charrsid13328993 but guilty of the offence of attempted }{\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 defilement}{\fs28\insrsid5262596\charrsid13328993 c/s 123(2) of the Penal Code A}{\fs28\insrsid14371255\charrsid13328993 ct. The }{\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 conviction}{\fs28\insrsid14371255\charrsid13328993 for defilement is quashed and the sentence of life imprisonment is accordingly set aside. }{\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 \par \par We shall now proceed to hear }{\fs28\insrsid5262596\charrsid13328993 t}{\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 he allocutus, if any, of the appellant and the reply from the respondent to enable us pass our appropriate sentence on the appellant. \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2570778 {\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 Dated at Kampala}{\fs28\insrsid13328993 this}{\fs28\insrsid2570778 4}{ \fs28\super\insrsid2570778\charrsid2570778 th}{\fs28\insrsid2570778 }{\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 day of}{\fs28\insrsid2570778 July }{\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 2008}{\fs28\insrsid2570778 .}{\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993

\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2570778 {\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 Hon. Justice S. G. Engwau \par }{\b\fs28\ul\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 JUSTICE OF APPEAL}{\b\fs28\ul\insrsid3428581 \par }{\fs28\insrsid2570778\charrsid13328993 \par }{\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 Hon. Justice A. Twinomujuni \par }{\b\fs28\ul\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 JUSTICE OF APPEAL \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2570778 {\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2570778 {\fs28\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 Hon. Justice S. B. K. Kavuma \par }{\b\fs28\ul\insrsid3428581\charrsid13328993 JUSTICE OF APPEAL}{\b\fs28\insrsid14711670\charrsid13328993 \par }}