Muwanga Angelo & Anor v Uganda (Criminal Appeal No. 12 of 2009 ) (Criminal Appeal No. 12 of 2009) [2009] UGHC 114 (1 September 2009)

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(A}{\b\insrsid16407842\charrsid9332078 rising from criminal case N0. 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MR. JUSTICE JOSEPH MURANGIRA \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9332078 {\insrsid15818787\charrsid9332078 The appellants, }{\b\insrsid15818787\charrsid9332078 Muwanga Angelo}{\insrsid15818787\charrsid9332078 (hereinafter called the 1}{\super\insrsid15818787\charrsid9332078 st}{\insrsid15818787\charrsid9332078 appellant) and }{\b\insrsid15818787\charrsid9332078 Nsubuga Gerald}{\insrsid15818787\charrsid9332078 (hereinafter called the 2}{ \super\insrsid15818787\charrsid9332078 nd}{\insrsid15818787\charrsid9332078 appellant) being dissatisfied with the judgment of Her worship Nabafu Agnes appealed to the High Court against her judgment and decision whereby they were convicted of the offence of Malicious damage to property contrary to section 335 (1) of the Penal Code Act, sentence to 12 months imprisonment, and each }{\insrsid16407842\charrsid9332078 appellant }{\insrsid15818787\charrsid9332078 ordered }{\insrsid16407842\charrsid9332078 to pay the complainants Shs. 5,}{\insrsid15818787\charrsid9332078 000,000/=}{\insrsid16407842\charrsid9332078 (five Millions shillings) }{ \insrsid15818787\charrsid9332078 in compensation }{\insrsid16407842\charrsid9332078 of the victims of the crime.}{\insrsid15818787\charrsid9332078 \par \par Hence th}{\insrsid16407842\charrsid9332078 is appeal against Uganda, (hereinafter called the respondent). The respondent is represent}{\insrsid10310585\charrsid9332078 ed}{\insrsid16407842\charrsid9332078 by the Department of }{ \insrsid4404661\charrsid9332078 Director of Public Prosecutions as by law required.}{\insrsid15818787\charrsid9332078 \par \par The facts of the case as they can be gathere}{\insrsid16407842\charrsid9332078 d from the record of appeal are}{\insrsid15818787\charrsid9332078 that the 1}{\super\insrsid15818787\charrsid9332078 st}{\insrsid15818787\charrsid9332078 and 2}{ \super\insrsid15818787\charrsid9332078 nd}{\insrsid15818787\charrsid9332078 appellants were charged on two counts with criminal trespass and Malicious damage to property contrary to sections 302 (a) and 335 (1) of the Penal Code}{ \insrsid16407842\charrsid9332078 Act}{\insrsid15818787\charrsid9332078 , respectively. The appellants pleaded not guilty to both charges. The respondent called two prosecution witnesses who testified against the appellants. The appellants}{ \insrsid338056\charrsid9332078 gave evidence in defence, but never called any witnesses}{\insrsid16407842\charrsid9332078 to testify on their behalf}{\insrsid338056\charrsid9332078 . The trial Magistr}{\insrsid416530\charrsid9332078 at}{ \insrsid338056\charrsid9332078 e was Her Worship Agnes Nkonge. And Her Worship Nabafu Agnes wrote the judgment, after the former had been transferred to Entebbe Chief Magistrate\rquote s Court, at Entebbe.}{\insrsid15818787\charrsid9332078 \par }{\insrsid338056\charrsid9332078 \par The trial of the appellants started }{\insrsid12327660\charrsid9332078 in mid}{\insrsid4404661\charrsid9332078 }{\insrsid338056\charrsid9332078 2006 and after a prolonged trial, the appellants were acquitted of the offence of }{ \b\insrsid338056\charrsid9332078 criminal trespass}{\insrsid338056\charrsid9332078 ; but convicted of the }{\b\insrsid338056\charrsid9332078 offence of }{\b\insrsid416530\charrsid9332078 malicious}{\b\insrsid338056\charrsid9332078 damage}{ \insrsid338056\charrsid9332078 to properly}{\insrsid16407842\charrsid9332078 }{\insrsid10310585\charrsid9332078 contrary to}{\insrsid16407842\charrsid9332078 section 335 (1) of the Penal Code Act}{\insrsid338056\charrsid9332078 , sentence}{ \insrsid16407842\charrsid9332078 d}{\insrsid338056\charrsid9332078 to 12 months imprisonment, and each }{\insrsid16407842\charrsid9332078 appellant }{\insrsid338056\charrsid9332078 ordered to pay Shs. 5, 000, 000/= to }{\insrsid416530\charrsid9332078 the victims}{\insrsid16407842\charrsid9332078 of the crime}{\insrsid338056\charrsid9332078 as }{\insrsid416530\charrsid9332078 compensation}{\insrsid338056\charrsid9332078 for the}{\insrsid16407842\charrsid9332078 ir}{\insrsid338056\charrsid9332078 loss caused as the r}{\insrsid16407842\charrsid9332078 esult of the damage to the suit property described in the charge sheet.}{\insrsid338056\charrsid9332078 \par \par The }{\insrsid10310585\charrsid9332078 appellants,}{\insrsid338056\charrsid9332078 }{\insrsid16407842\charrsid9332078 who are }{\insrsid338056\charrsid9332078 represented by Simon Tendo-Kabenge Advocates, filed }{\insrsid10310585\charrsid9332078 thi s appeal}{\insrsid338056\charrsid9332078 based on the following grounds; that:- \par {\listtext\pard\plain\insrsid338056\charrsid9332078 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9332078 { \insrsid338056\charrsid9332078 The learned Magistrate erred in law and in fact when she held }{\insrsid416530\charrsid9332078 that the}{\insrsid338056\charrsid9332078 prosecution had proved the offence of }{\insrsid416530\charrsid9332078 malicious}{ \insrsid338056\charrsid9332078 damage to property beyond reasonable doubt against both appellants. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\insrsid338056\charrsid9332078 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}The learned}{\insrsid477281\charrsid9332078 Magistrate erred in law and in }{\insrsid416530\charrsid9332078 fact when}{\insrsid477281\charrsid9332078 she held that the evidence of PW2 was not hearsay }{\insrsid416530\charrsid9332078 and she}{\insrsid477281\charrsid9332078 thereby relied upon}{\insrsid13859578\charrsid9332078 the said evidence to convict the appellants.}{ \insrsid338056\charrsid9332078 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\insrsid13859578\charrsid9332078 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}}{\insrsid13859578\charrsid9332078 The learned Magistrates erred in law and in fact when she failed to properly evaluate the evidence on record and the defences of the appellants and thereby convicted the appellants. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\insrsid13859578\charrsid9332078 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 4.\tab} The learned Magistrate erred in law and in fact when she ordered the appellants to pay compensation to the complainant yet she had not resolved the issues of ownership of the }{\insrsid2698452\charrsid9332078 land in}{\insrsid13859578\charrsid9332078 question}{\insrsid2698452\charrsid9332078 , and the damage to land had not been proved by the complainant.}{\insrsid13859578\charrsid9332078 \par }\pard \qj \li360\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid9332078 {\insrsid2698452\charrsid9332078 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9332078 {\insrsid2698452\charrsid9332078 It should be noted that }{\insrsid416530\charrsid9332078 C}{\insrsid2698452\charrsid9332078 ounsel for the appellants never made prayers in the }{\insrsid16407842\charrsid9332078 Notice of appeal nor in the }{\insrsid2698452\charrsid9332078 Memorandum of appeal. }{\insrsid16407842\charrsid9332078 It is the law and practice that e}{ \insrsid2698452\charrsid9332078 very Notice of Appeal}{\insrsid2637282\charrsid9332078 which commences a criminal appeal}{\insrsid2698452\charrsid9332078 has to state the prayers to wrap-up the grounds of appeal}{\insrsid2637282\charrsid9332078 ,}{ \insrsid2698452\charrsid9332078 to give the effect of}{\insrsid2637282\charrsid9332078 the appellant\rquote s prayers for}{\insrsid2698452\charrsid9332078 allowing the appeal}{\insrsid2637282\charrsid9332078 ,}{\insrsid2698452\charrsid9332078 to quash the conviction}{\insrsid2637282\charrsid9332078 ,}{\insrsid2698452\charrsid9332078 set aside the sentence and order, and acquit the appellants. However, }{\insrsid2637282\charrsid9332078 this anormal}{\insrsid12327660\charrsid9332078 l}{ \insrsid2637282\charrsid9332078 y was never raised by the respondent }{\insrsid4404661\charrsid9332078 and }{\insrsid2698452\charrsid9332078 I treat that }{\insrsid2637282\charrsid9332078 anormally }{\insrsid2698452\charrsid9332078 as a mere technicality as emphisaged in Article 126 (2) (e) of the Constitution.}{\insrsid2637282\charrsid9332078 Such anomalies do not cause miscarriage of justice to any party to the appeal.}{\insrsid2698452\charrsid9332078 \par \par Counsel for the appellants and that of the respondent filed Written Submissions for and against the appeal. The appellants\rquote counsel argued grounds 1 and 2 together, grounds 3 and 4 separately. And the respondents\rquote }{ \insrsid416530\charrsid9332078 Counsel argued}{\insrsid2698452\charrsid9332078 all the grounds of appeal together. \par \par In his submissions, Mr. Waninda Fred, Principal State Attorney, }{\insrsid2637282\charrsid9332078 Counsel }{\insrsid2698452\charrsid9332078 for the respondent raised in his submissions some complaints about the record of appeal; that:- \par }\pard \qj \li567\ri567\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin567\lin567\itap0\pararsid9332078 {\b\i\insrsid2698452\charrsid9332078 \'93First of all, the record of proceedings as prepared by the appellants is materially misleading court. Page 1 has a charge sheet dated 1}{\b\i\super\insrsid2698452\charrsid9332078 st}{\b\i\insrsid2698452\charrsid9332078 }{\b\i\insrsid14509891\charrsid9332078 September, 2006, with one accused person, Nsubuga Gerald. Yet on 5}{ \b\i\super\insrsid14509891\charrsid9332078 th}{\b\i\insrsid14509891\charrsid9332078 September 2006, the prosecution applied and tendered in court an amended charge sheet where Kaggwa Sebin}{\b\i\insrsid2637282\charrsid9332078 ey}{ \b\i\insrsid14509891\charrsid9332078 and Angella Namuli Stood Surety for the second accused person.}{\b\i\insrsid2698452\charrsid9332078 \par }{\b\i\insrsid14509891\charrsid9332078 \par The failure by the appellants to include this amended charge sheet on the record of proceedings in our view is deliberate and intended to mislead court. On this point alone, the respondent submits that the record of pr oceedings is not proper or complete and we invite court to direct a proper record of proceedings be prepared by the Deputy Registrar so that }{\b\i\insrsid10310585\charrsid9332078 it}{\b\i\insrsid14509891\charrsid9332078 is availed to the respondent for preparation of its case. \par \par Secondly, the appellants in their submissions alluded to defence exhibits. }{\b\i\insrsid416530\charrsid9332078 The said}{\b\i\insrsid14509891\charrsid9332078 exhibits have not been made part of the record of proceedings. Even the index the appellants \rquote record of appeal, makes no reference to the said exhibits. \par \par We humbly submit that this is also done deliberately to deny the respondent a fair trial as faci}{\b\i\insrsid6692997\charrsid9332078 li}{\b\i\insrsid14509891\charrsid9332078 ties and }{\b\i\insrsid6692997\charrsid9332078 opportunities}{ \b\i\insrsid14509891\charrsid9332078 are not }{\b\i\insrsid6692997\charrsid9332078 accorded to the respondent, by denying the respondent material exhibits. Moreso, the respondent has been given a very short notice to make a reply to the submission made on 6}{\b\i\super\insrsid6692997\charrsid9332078 th}{ \b\i\insrsid6692997\charrsid9332078 May, 2006 and filed }{\b\i\insrsid2637282\charrsid9332078 in }{\b\i\insrsid6692997\charrsid9332078 Court.\'94}{\b\i\insrsid14509891\charrsid9332078 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9332078 {\insrsid6692997\charrsid9332078 \par Unfortunately, counsel for the appellants never made a reply to such complaints.}{\insrsid2637282\charrsid9332078 Such complaints could be taken as admissions on the part of the appellants. The appellants had the right of reply, but }{ \insrsid10310585\charrsid9332078 their counsel}{\insrsid2637282\charrsid9332078 informed court that he did}{\insrsid4404661\charrsid9332078 not intend}{\insrsid2637282\charrsid9332078 to make a reply and closed the appellant\rquote s submissions.}{ \insrsid6692997\charrsid9332078 \par \par However, with due respect to the Senior Principal State Attorney}{\insrsid2637282\charrsid9332078 ,}{\insrsid6692997\charrsid9332078 }{\insrsid2637282\charrsid9332078 t}{\insrsid6692997\charrsid9332078 he }{\insrsid16405030\charrsid9332078 respondent is} {\insrsid6692997\charrsid9332078 the one who tendered in court an amended charge-sheet on 5}{\super\insrsid6692997\charrsid9332078 th}{\insrsid6692997\charrsid9332078 September 2006. }{\insrsid2637282\charrsid9332078 Logically, t}{ \insrsid6692997\charrsid9332078 herefore, a copy of the same amended charge sheet must be on his prosecution file. Thus, there would not be any cause for an alarm as alluded to by counsel for the respondent.}{\insrsid2637282\charrsid9332078 His submission in that regard is misplaced.}{\insrsid6692997\charrsid9332078 \par \par It should be }{\insrsid2637282\charrsid9332078 noted}{\insrsid4404661\charrsid9332078 ,}{\insrsid2637282\charrsid9332078 further, }{\insrsid6692997\charrsid9332078 that an }{\insrsid16405030\charrsid9332078 appeal from}{\insrsid6692997\charrsid9332078 the }{\insrsid16405030\charrsid9332078 Judgment and}{\insrsid6692997\charrsid9332078 decision of the Magistrate Grade 1 or Chief Magistrate, when the record is incomplete, the }{\insrsid416530\charrsid9332078 respondent is}{ \insrsid6692997\charrsid9332078 enjoined to make a supplementary record of appeal; and }{\insrsid416530\charrsid9332078 fil}{\insrsid2637282\charrsid9332078 es}{\insrsid416530\charrsid9332078 it}{\insrsid6692997\charrsid9332078 in court. In this instant appeal, counsel for the respondent never bothered to prepare a }{\insrsid16405030\charrsid9332078 supplementary}{\insrsid6692997\charrsid9332078 record of appeal whereby he could have included the amended charge sheet of 5}{ \super\insrsid6692997\charrsid9332078 th}{\insrsid6692997\charrsid9332078 September 2006 and the defence exhibits. }{\insrsid4404661\charrsid9332078 \par \par }{\insrsid6692997\charrsid9332078 Further}{\insrsid2637282\charrsid9332078 more}{\insrsid6692997\charrsid9332078 , the respondent/State should }{\insrsid2637282\charrsid9332078 have gone the trial }{\insrsid4404661\charrsid9332078 court }{ \insrsid2637282\charrsid9332078 or this}{\insrsid6692997\charrsid9332078 to court to peruse the }{\insrsid4404661\charrsid9332078 o}{\insrsid6692997\charrsid9332078 riginal Court file }{\insrsid13440229\charrsid9332078 before making any reply to the submissions by the appellants }{\insrsid6692997\charrsid9332078 to enable it look at the said amended charge sheet and the defence exhibits.}{\insrsid13440229\charrsid9332078 That }{\insrsid12327660\charrsid9332078 was not} {\insrsid13440229\charrsid9332078 done by counsel for the respondent. Therefore, he should not transfer any blame to any person. He is to blame for his failure to prepare a supplementary record of appeal.}{\insrsid6692997\charrsid9332078 \par \par Consequently, Counsel for the respondent/State is}{\insrsid2820230\charrsid9332078 complaining that the respondent was given a very short notice to make a reply to the submission made on 6}{\super\insrsid2820230\charrsid9332078 th}{ \insrsid2820230\charrsid9332078 May 2009 and filed in court. This compl}{\insrsid13440229\charrsid9332078 aint was raised by Mr. Paul Lak}{\insrsid2820230\charrsid9332078 i}{\insrsid13440229\charrsid9332078 d}{\insrsid2820230\charrsid9332078 i, a State Attorney with the respondent on 15}{\super\insrsid2820230\charrsid9332078 th}{\insrsid2820230\charrsid9332078 June 2009, and the same was overruled}{\insrsid13440229\charrsid9332078 .}{\insrsid2820230\charrsid9332078 }{ \insrsid13440229\charrsid9332078 O}{\insrsid2820230\charrsid9332078 n }{\insrsid9180411\charrsid9332078 court record, there is an affidavit of service, sworn by Baale Jackson of C/o M/s Simon Tendo-Kabenge Advocates , P. O Box 30330, Kampala Uganda, which inter alia reads:-}{\insrsid6692997\charrsid9332078 \par }\pard \qj \li567\ri567\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin567\lin567\itap0\pararsid9332078 {\b\i\insrsid9180411\charrsid9332078 \'93 4. That the staff in the registry asked me for the copies of the Notice of Motion and the record of appeal which were taken to the State Attorney and from there they were signed. (}{\b\i\insrsid416530\charrsid9332078 Copies}{ \b\i\insrsid9180411\charrsid9332078 of the stamped pages of the record of appeal and Notice of Motion attached}{\b\i\insrsid15535762\charrsid9332078 )}{\b\i\insrsid9180411\charrsid9332078 .\'94}{\b\i\insrsid4745830\charrsid9332078 \par }{\b\i\insrsid13440229\charrsid9332078 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9332078 {\insrsid13440229\charrsid9332078 In his Written submissions, that were filed in court }{\insrsid4404661\charrsid9332078 on 22}{ \super\insrsid4404661\charrsid9332078 nd}{\insrsid4404661\charrsid9332078 June 2009}{\insrsid13440229\charrsid9332078 counsel for the respondent never challenged the said affidavit of service. Therefore, t}{\insrsid9180411\charrsid9332078 here was proof of service of the record of appeal which contained among other records, the appellants\rquote arguments. }{\insrsid13440229\charrsid9332078 The respondent had enough time to prepare for its response to the appeal. }{ \insrsid9180411\charrsid9332078 Wherefore, I am of the considered opinion that the Principal State Attorney\rquote s arguments, quoted hereinabove do }{\insrsid16405030\charrsid9332078 not hold}{\insrsid9180411\charrsid9332078 any water of justice. I, therefore, agree with the submissions of Mr. Simon Tendo-Kabenge of 15}{\super\insrsid9180411\charrsid9332078 th}{\insrsid9180411\charrsid9332078 June 2009 in open court to the extent that the respondent, through it\rquote s }{ \insrsid16405030\charrsid9332078 counsel intended}{\insrsid9180411\charrsid9332078 to delay justice. And such }{\insrsid416530\charrsid9332078 blatant}{\insrsid9180411\charrsid9332078 }{\insrsid13440229\charrsid9332078 lies by co unsel for the respondent }{\insrsid9180411\charrsid9332078 caused injustice to the appellants. In the result}{\insrsid13440229\charrsid9332078 , the }{\insrsid9180411\charrsid9332078 respondent}{\insrsid13440229\charrsid9332078 \rquote s complaints}{ \insrsid9180411\charrsid9332078 are }{\insrsid416530\charrsid9332078 dismissed with}{\insrsid9180411\charrsid9332078 the }{\insrsid16405030\charrsid9332078 contempt}{\insrsid9180411\charrsid9332078 they deserve. \par \par I, now turn to consider the merits of the appeal. I am considering grounds 1, 2 and }{\insrsid16405030\charrsid9332078 3 together}{\insrsid9180411\charrsid9332078 because they do overlap when considering the evaluation of the evidence on record.}{ \insrsid13440229\charrsid9332078 I will treat ground 4 separately. And then conclude with the findings and orders that will embody the decision of the court.}{\insrsid9180411\charrsid9332078 \par }{\insrsid6833639\charrsid9332078 \par It is trite law that the duty of the first appellant court, among other things, is to }{\insrsid13440229\charrsid9332078 re-}{\insrsid6833639\charrsid9332078 evaluate the record of the proceedings so as to make its own findings and conclusions in the case. This court has a duty to review the entire evidence on record including that which it may decide to admit, re-evaluate it and to make its own findings of fact. I should note here, that, in doing so however, I must give allowance for the }{\insrsid10310585\charrsid9332078 fact that}{\insrsid13440229\charrsid9332078 I }{\insrsid6833639\charrsid9332078 did not have the opportunity which the trial }{\insrsid13440229\charrsid9332078 Magistrate }{\insrsid6833639\charrsid9332078 had, of seeing the witnesses testify and observe their demeanours. In this r egard, this court must give great weight to the impression of the trial court as to where credibility lies based on the demeanours and the manner the witnesses gave evidence. }{\insrsid13440229\charrsid9332078 \par \par }{\insrsid6833639\charrsid9332078 However, in this instant appeal, the Magistrate, Her worship Nabafu Agnes }{\insrsid13440229\charrsid9332078 who wrote the judgment being appealed against by the appellants }{\insrsid6833639\charrsid9332078 did not }{ \insrsid13440229\charrsid9332078 hear any witness testify in court against the appellants, nor did she hear the defence witnesses. }{\insrsid6833639\charrsid9332078 Therefore, }{\insrsid7241596\charrsid9332078 she}{\insrsid6833639\charrsid9332078 did see the Witnesses testify in court. According }{\insrsid2979735\charrsid9332078 to the}{\insrsid6833639\charrsid9332078 }{\insrsid13440229\charrsid9332078 rec}{\insrsid4404661\charrsid9332078 ord}{\insrsid6833639\charrsid9332078 of th e lower court, the trial Magistrate was Her Worship Nkonge Agnes. She should have written the judgment in the }{\insrsid13440229\charrsid9332078 case. There is no reason given, according to the record of appeal why she never wrote a judgment in }{ \insrsid4404661\charrsid9332078 the }{\insrsid13440229\charrsid9332078 case she had heard. The practice i}{\insrsid7682295\charrsid9332078 n}{\insrsid13440229\charrsid9332078 such }{\insrsid7682295\charrsid9332078 instance is }{ \insrsid13440229\charrsid9332078 that trial}{\insrsid5058551\charrsid9332078 Magistrates ought to write and pronounce a }{\insrsid7682295\charrsid9332078 judgment in}{\insrsid5058551\charrsid9332078 all trials that are }{\insrsid7682295\charrsid9332078 conducted before}{\insrsid5058551\charrsid9332078 them. This }{\insrsid7682295\charrsid9332078 practice should always be observed by all Magistrates; unless the trial Magistrate is no longer in service of the Judiciary or, she is indispos}{ \insrsid4404661\charrsid9332078 ed}{\insrsid7682295\charrsid9332078 for one reason or the other.}{\insrsid6833639\charrsid9332078 \par \par The guist of grounds of appeal 1, 2 and 3 is that the learned Magistrate is being critised for her failure to consider the evidence on record and hence came to the Wrong conclusion, when she convicted, the appellants of Malicious damage to property. }{ \insrsid7682295\charrsid9332078 The learned Magistrate when }{\insrsid6833639\charrsid9332078 resolving issue number 2, of whether the accused persons (appellants) willfully and unlawfully damage}{\insrsid7682295\charrsid9332078 d}{ \insrsid6833639\charrsid9332078 or destroyed any property on the land in}{\insrsid10310585\charrsid9332078 }{\insrsid6833639\charrsid9332078 question, she stated in her judgment}{\insrsid7682295\charrsid9332078 ;}{\insrsid6833639\charrsid9332078 that:-

\par }\pard \qj \li567\ri567\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin567\lin567\itap0\pararsid9332078 {\insrsid2979735\charrsid9332078 \'93}{\b\i\insrsid6833639\charrsid9332078 For issue N0. 2, court has observed that making of changes in property at hand }{\b\i\insrsid7682295\charrsid9332078 despite}{\b\i\insrsid6833639\charrsid9332078 the contentious admitted to be in existence by both }{\b\i\insrsid2979735\charrsid9332078 parties}{\b\i\insrsid6833639\charrsid9332078 makes a case of malicious damage beyond reasonable doubt against the accused persons established by the pro secution. Such changes whether physically on the property or in the land Registry are considered unlawful hence since they were done at the will of the accused persons without resolution of the con}{\b\i\insrsid6440923\charrsid9332078 tentious matter in a court of competent jurisdiction (La nd court) at the detriment of the complainants such acts are found to be malicious and indeed damaged the property at hand as it did not remain the same after the above changes which are not justified by the accused due to a lot of contradiction}{ \b\i\insrsid7682295\charrsid9332078 s}{\b\i\insrsid6440923\charrsid9332078 on their side of the story. The prosecution ha}{\b\i\insrsid7682295\charrsid9332078 s}{\b\i\insrsid6440923\charrsid9332078 proved this beyond reasonable doubt.\'94}{ \b\i\insrsid8338670\charrsid9332078 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9332078 {\insrsid8338670\charrsid9332078 \par With due respect to the learned Magistrate her findings on count 2}{\insrsid7682295\charrsid9332078 of malicious damage to property by the appellants}{\insrsid8338670\charrsid9332078 are not supported by law and evidence on record. The prose cution was under the law required to prove }{\insrsid933428\charrsid9332078 beyond reasonable doubt }{\insrsid8338670\charrsid9332078 the following ingredients of the offence Malicious damage to property contrary to section 335 (1) of the penal Code Act;

\par {\listtext\pard\plain\insrsid8338670\charrsid9332078 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-720\li1080\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx1080\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid9332078 { \insrsid8338670\charrsid9332078 The property }{\insrsid11889996\charrsid9332078 belonging to}{\insrsid8338670\charrsid9332078 the complainant was damaged or destroyed. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\insrsid11889996\charrsid9332078 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}{\insrsid11889996\charrsid9332078 That the said property was damaged or destroyed through }{\insrsid10310585\charrsid9332078 willful}{ \insrsid11889996\charrsid9332078 and unlawful actions. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\insrsid11889996\charrsid9332078 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab}That the property in issue was damaged or destroyed by none other than the accused persons in the dock. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9332078 {\insrsid11889996\charrsid9332078 \par According to the record of appeal at }{\b\insrsid11889996\charrsid9332078 page 8}{\b\insrsid933428\charrsid9332078 ,}{\insrsid11889996\charrsid9332078 PW1}{\insrsid933428\charrsid9332078 ,}{\insrsid11889996\charrsid9332078 }{ \insrsid933428\charrsid9332078 the complainant and the purported owner of the suit property}{\insrsid4404661\charrsid9332078 ,}{\insrsid11889996\charrsid9332078 did not adduce evidence pointing to the guilt}{\insrsid933428\charrsid9332078 of each}{ \insrsid11889996\charrsid9332078 of the appellants}{\insrsid15932846\charrsid9332078 . }{\insrsid4404661\charrsid9332078 PW}{\insrsid15932846\charrsid9332078 1, Micheal Tempora Bisase}{\insrsid933428\charrsid9332078 ,}{\insrsid15932846\charrsid9332078 gave evidence that he does not know A2. }{\insrsid933428\charrsid9332078 (2}{\super\insrsid933428\charrsid9332078 nd}{\insrsid933428\charrsid9332078 appellant) }{\insrsid15932846\charrsid9332078 And A1 }{\insrsid933428\charrsid9332078 (1}{ \super\insrsid933428\charrsid9332078 st}{\insrsid933428\charrsid9332078 appellant) }{\insrsid15932846\charrsid9332078 claims to be the owner of the suit land. At }{\b\insrsid15932846\charrsid9332078 page 9, lines 4 and 5 of the record of appeal,}{ \insrsid15932846\charrsid9332078 PW1 states that:}{\insrsid11889996\charrsid9332078 \par }\pard \qj \li567\ri567\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin567\lin567\itap0\pararsid9332078 {\b\i\insrsid15932846\charrsid9332078 \'93 The accused are selling off some part of the land, and also demarcating it. Their agents have taken some Murram off.\'94 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9332078 {\insrsid15932846\charrsid9332078 PW1 did not mention in his evidence who damaged the property in issue. PW1, on }{ \b\insrsid15932846\charrsid9332078 page 9 lines 23 and 24 of the record of appeal}{\insrsid15932846\charrsid9332078 , stated that he does not know A2. That }{\insrsid933428\charrsid9332078 he}{\insrsid15932846\charrsid9332078 has no case against A2. That A2 is in court because he is on the Land Title. At }{\b\insrsid15932846\charrsid9332078 page 10, line 25}{\insrsid15932846\charrsid9332078 , PW2, Francis Xavier Mugisha gave evidence that he does not }{ \insrsid933428\charrsid9332078 know A2. He knows A1}{\insrsid15932846\charrsid9332078 as a village}{\insrsid2979735\charrsid9332078 -}{\insrsid15932846\charrsid9332078 mate. PW2 at }{\b\insrsid15932846\charrsid9332078 page 11 line 8}{ \insrsid15932846\charrsid9332078 }{\b\insrsid15932846\charrsid9332078 of the record of appeal}{\insrsid15932846\charrsid9332078 testified that on 13}{\super\insrsid15932846\charrsid9332078 th}{\insrsid15932846\charrsid9332078 April 2006 he got information from his farm Manager}{\insrsid933428\charrsid9332078 ,}{\insrsid15932846\charrsid9332078 one Sempebwa}{\insrsid933428\charrsid9332078 ,}{\insrsid15932846\charrsid9332078 that A1 had bought some sterling people and were extracting marrum. On the same }{\b\insrsid15932846\charrsid9332078 page line 11}{\insrsid15932846\charrsid9332078 , Pw2 stated that A2 claimed the land to be his, that is why he was arrested}{ \insrsid933428\charrsid9332078 .}{\insrsid6236015\charrsid9332078 }{\insrsid933428\charrsid9332078 T}{\insrsid6236015\charrsid9332078 hen at}{\insrsid933428\charrsid9332078 same page }{\b\insrsid6236015\charrsid9332078 line 25}{ \insrsid6236015\charrsid9332078 , he said in cross-examination that he has never seen A2. }{\insrsid933428\charrsid9332078 \par \par }{\insrsid6236015\charrsid9332078 The only two prosecution witnesses\rquote evidence does not show that it is the appellant\rquote s who were extracting marrum from the suit property. A2 (2}{\super\insrsid6236015\charrsid9332078 nd}{ \insrsid6236015\charrsid9332078 appellant}{\insrsid933428\charrsid9332078 )}{\insrsid6236015\charrsid9332078 was exonerated from }{\insrsid933428\charrsid9332078 the crime }{\insrsid6236015\charrsid9332078 by PW}{\insrsid4404661\charrsid9332078 1}{ \insrsid6236015\charrsid9332078 and Pw2. There is also no evidence on record to pin down the 1}{\super\insrsid6236015\charrsid9332078 st}{\insrsid6236015\charrsid9332078 appellant with the offence of malicious damage to property belonging to PW}{ \insrsid4744448\charrsid9332078 1}{\insrsid6236015\charrsid9332078 . PW}{\insrsid4744448\charrsid9332078 2}{\insrsid6236015\charrsid9332078 stated in his evidence }{\insrsid2979735\charrsid9332078 that the}{\insrsid6236015\charrsid9332078 agents of A1}{ \insrsid4744448\charrsid9332078 (1}{\super\insrsid4744448\charrsid9332078 st}{\insrsid4744448\charrsid9332078 appellant)}{\insrsid6236015\charrsid9332078 were the ones extracting murram, from the suit land. And that he got that information from Sempebwa, his farm Manager. Sempebwa was not called as a prosecution witness. And as such}{\insrsid7163653\charrsid9332078 the information purportedly to have come from Sempebwa }{\insrsid4744448\charrsid9332078 and testified by PW2 }{\insrsid7163653\charrsid9332078 amounts to hearsay. The trial }{\insrsid4744448\charrsid9332078 court should}{\insrsid7163653\charrsid9332078 not have relied on it. Otherwise there is no evidence to link the damage of the suit property with the appellants. From the prosecution evidence on record, the trial learned Magistrate }{\insrsid4404661\charrsid9332078 also is taken to have }{ \insrsid7163653\charrsid9332078 erred in law and fact when she held that the a}{\insrsid15628120\charrsid9332078 ppellants had a case to answer.}{\insrsid4744448\charrsid9332078 The appellants would have been acquitted at that stage. That failure by the trial magistrate clearly shows that she never bothered to look at the entire prosecution witness\rquote s }{\insrsid4404661\charrsid9332078 evidence on record }{ \insrsid4744448\charrsid9332078 to ascertain whether there was a case to answer or not.}{\insrsid4404661\charrsid9332078 Her ruling that there was a case to answer leaves a lot to be desired.}{\insrsid15932846\charrsid9332078 \par }{\insrsid15628120\charrsid9332078 \par Further, the offence the appellants were convicted of requires that the property damaged or destroyed }{\insrsid4744448\charrsid9332078 must be of the}{\insrsid15628120\charrsid9332078 complainant. On }{\b\insrsid15628120\charrsid9332078 page 10, line 1 of the record of appeal}{\insrsid15628120\charrsid9332078 , PW1 gave evidence that he sold the land }{\insrsid2979735\charrsid9332078 to Mugisha}{\insrsid15628120\charrsid9332078 , but that Mugisha never got a title. That was during cross-examination}{\insrsid9396510\charrsid9332078 . Then on the same }{\b\insrsid9396510\charrsid9332078 page 10, lines 13 and 1}{\b\insrsid4744448\charrsid9332078 4}{ \b\insrsid9396510\charrsid9332078 of the record of appeal}{\insrsid9396510\charrsid9332078 , PW1, in re-examination, stat}{\insrsid4744448\charrsid9332078 e}{\insrsid9396510\charrsid9332078 d that he no longer has interest on the land because the accused took it, hence no caretaker other than Mugisha}{\insrsid4744448\charrsid9332078 he sold}{\insrsid9396510\charrsid9332078 it to.}{\insrsid15628120\charrsid9332078 \par }{\insrsid9396510\charrsid9332078 \par According to the amended charge sheet, the }{\insrsid10310585\charrsid9332078 particulars of}{\insrsid4744448\charrsid9332078 }{\insrsid11894567\charrsid9332078 offence state}{\insrsid4744448\charrsid9332078 }{\insrsid9396510\charrsid9332078 that the property (land) is the property of Micheal Tempora Bisase (PW1). The evidence of PW1 is very clear. The property in issue}{\insrsid11894567\charrsid9332078 is not his. Therefore, the }{\insrsid4744448\charrsid9332078 first ingredient of}{ \insrsid11894567\charrsid9332078 malicious damage to }{\insrsid7241596\charrsid9332078 property as}{\insrsid11894567\charrsid9332078 charged was never proved by the prosecution.}{\insrsid4744448\charrsid9332078 And if there is any }{ \insrsid10310585\charrsid9332078 dispute the}{\insrsid4744448\charrsid9332078 same could be between the appellants and other person}{\insrsid4404661\charrsid9332078 s}{\insrsid4744448\charrsid9332078 , other than the complainant Micheal Tempora Bisase. He must be acting for someone}{\insrsid4404661\charrsid9332078 else}{\insrsid4744448\charrsid9332078 . Otherwise, he}{\insrsid4404661\charrsid9332078 (PW1)}{\insrsid4744448\charrsid9332078 did not have any cause to complain against the appellant to the }{\insrsid4404661\charrsid9332078 Police at Jinja Road Police Station, Kampala.}{\insrsid9396510\charrsid9332078 \par }{\insrsid11894567\charrsid9332078 \par In her judgment, the learned Magistrate stated that:- \par }\pard \qj \li567\ri567\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin567\lin567\itap0\pararsid9332078 {\b\i\insrsid11894567\charrsid9332078 \'93}{\b\i\insrsid4744448\charrsid9332078 ........}{\b\i\insrsid11894567\charrsid9332078 above changes which are not justified by the accused due to a lot of contradictions on their side of the story.\'94 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9332078 {\insrsid11894567\charrsid9332078 By stating the way as she did, she shifted the burden of proof to the accused persons (appellants) which is }{ \insrsid4404661\charrsid9332078 an err}{\insrsid11894567\charrsid9332078 in criminal law. It is the law in criminal proceedings that the burden of proof is always on the prosecution. However, still her finding is }{\insrsid7241596\charrsid9332078 not backed}{\insrsid11894567\charrsid9332078 by evidence. The learned Magistrate never weighed the defence case. At }{\b\insrsid11894567\charrsid9332078 page 17}{\insrsid11894567\charrsid9332078 of the record of appeal, the 1}{ \super\insrsid11894567\charrsid9332078 st}{\insrsid11894567\charrsid9332078 appellant denied having committed the offence charged. The 1}{\super\insrsid11894567\charrsid9332078 st}{\insrsid11894567\charrsid9332078 appellant also put up a defence that he owns a Kibanja which is found partly on block 185 plot 575 and Block 407 and Block 185 Plot 44}{\insrsid1198730\charrsid9332078 1}{\insrsid11894567\charrsid9332078 . At the same }{ \b\insrsid11894567\charrsid9332078 page 17}{\insrsid11894567\charrsid9332078 of the record of appeal, the trial court admitted the agreement by which the 2}{\super\insrsid11894567\charrsid9332078 nd}{\insrsid11894567\charrsid9332078 appellant bought a kibanja, as exhibit D1. At }{\b\insrsid11894567\charrsid9332078 page 18}{\insrsid11894567\charrsid9332078 of the record of appeal, the 1}{\super\insrsid11894567\charrsid9332078 st}{\insrsid11894567\charrsid9332078 appellant stated }{ \insrsid1198730\charrsid9332078 that }{\insrsid11894567\charrsid9332078 he is in occupation of his above mentioned Kibanja. Then }{\insrsid1198730\charrsid9332078 at }{\b\insrsid11894567\charrsid9332078 page 19}{\insrsid11894567\charrsid9332078 of the record of appeal the 1}{\super\insrsid11894567\charrsid9332078 st}{\insrsid11894567\charrsid9332078 appellant testified that he knew A2 as the owner of Block 185. And that on 13}{\super\insrsid11894567\charrsid9332078 th}{ \insrsid11894567\charrsid9332078 April 2006, the said la}{\insrsid4744448\charrsid9332078 nd}{\insrsid11894567\charrsid9332078 was for (A2) 2}{\super\insrsid11894567\charrsid9332078 nd}{\insrsid11894567\charrsid9332078 appellant. The 2}{ \super\insrsid11894567\charrsid9332078 nd}{\insrsid11894567\charrsid9332078 appellant, at }{\b\insrsid11894567\charrsid9332078 page 24}{\insrsid11894567\charrsid9332078 of the record of appeal, testified that plot 575 belongs to him and not PW1. \par \par The evidence of the defence }{\insrsid7241596\charrsid9332078 clearly}{\insrsid11894567\charrsid9332078 shows that }{\insrsid1198730\charrsid9332078 the }{\insrsid11894567\charrsid9332078 appellants put }{\insrsid1198730\charrsid9332078 up }{ \insrsid11894567\charrsid9332078 the defence of }{\b\insrsid11894567\charrsid9332078 a claim of right}{\insrsid11894567\charrsid9332078 over the suit property. I, therefore, agree with the finding of the learned magistrate in her }{ \insrsid7241596\charrsid9332078 judgment,}{\insrsid11894567\charrsid9332078 at page 3, last paragraph, }{\insrsid1198730\charrsid9332078 when she stated }{\insrsid11894567\charrsid9332078 that; \par }\pard \qj \li567\ri567\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin567\lin567\itap0\pararsid9332078 {\b\i\insrsid11894567\charrsid9332078 \'93 Issue N0. 1 involves resolution of ownership of the land in question which she has no criminal jurisdiction, hence court will not waste time }{\b\i\insrsid7621126\charrsid9332078 to ponder on the same as both }{\b\i\insrsid7241596\charrsid9332078 prosecution}{\b\i\insrsid7621126\charrsid9332078 and the accused contend on ownership of the same.\'94 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9332078 {\insrsid7621126\charrsid9332078 The learned Magistrate agreed and observed}{\insrsid8915180\charrsid9332078 the appellants claims}{ \insrsid5704421\charrsid9332078 over the suit land. At that point, the learned Magistrate should have invoked the defence of claim of right and discharged }{\insrsid1198730\charrsid9332078 the appellants }{\insrsid5704421\charrsid9332078 of the offence that they were convicted of}{\insrsid12327660\charrsid9332078 .}{\insrsid5704421\charrsid9332078 }{\b\insrsid1198730\charrsid9332078 S}{\b\insrsid5704421\charrsid9332078 ection 7 of the Penal Code Act}{\insrsid5704421\charrsid9332078 }{ \insrsid1198730\charrsid9332078 provides the defence of the claim }{\insrsid12327660\charrsid9332078 of right}{\insrsid1198730\charrsid9332078 . It reads}{\insrsid5704421\charrsid9332078 :-}{\insrsid7621126\charrsid9332078 \par }\pard \qj \li567\ri567\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin567\lin567\itap0\pararsid9332078 {\insrsid5704421\charrsid9332078 \'93}{\b\i\insrsid5704421\charrsid9332078 A person is no}{\b\i\insrsid1198730\charrsid9332078 t}{ \b\i\insrsid5704421\charrsid9332078 criminally responsible in respect of an offence relating to p roperty if the act done or omitted to be done by the person with respect to the property was done in the exercise of an honest claim of right and without intention to defraud.\'94 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9332078 {\insrsid5704421\charrsid9332078 With such defence, even if there was to be evidence of damage to property, whi ch is missing in this instant appeal, the learned Magistrate should not }{\insrsid1198730\charrsid9332078 have }{\insrsid5704421\charrsid9332078 found the appellants guilty of the charged offence. Consequently,}{\insrsid1198730\charrsid9332078 and most important,}{\insrsid5704421\charrsid9332078 }{\insrsid7241596\charrsid9332078 for the}{\insrsid5704421\charrsid9332078 fact that the learned Magistrate acquitted the appellants of the offence of criminal trespass on the property in issue, the element of }{\insrsid1198730\charrsid9332078 \'93}{\b\insrsid5704421\charrsid9332078 willfully and unlawfully}{\insrsid1198730\charrsid9332078 \'94}{\insrsid5704421\charrsid9332078 which is one of the ingredients of the offence of Malicious damage to property was done away with. Hence the offence of malicious damage to property could no longer }{\insrsid7241596\charrsid9332078 stand as}{\insrsid5704421\charrsid9332078 aga inst the appellants (accused persons)}{\insrsid1198730\charrsid9332078 . T}{\insrsid5704421\charrsid9332078 he evidence of PW2 as regard to the information that was allegedly obtained from one Sempebwa was }{\insrsid1198730\charrsid9332078 therefore}{ \insrsid5704421\charrsid9332078 hearsay.}{\insrsid1198730\charrsid9332078 This is because Sempebwa was not called to come and testify on behalf of the prosecution.}{\insrsid5704421\charrsid9332078 \par \par }{\insrsid11024837\charrsid9332078 Wherefore, grounds 1, 2 and 3 of appeal are answered in the affirmative in the following terms:-}{\insrsid1320168\charrsid9332078 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\insrsid12327660\charrsid9332078 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-720\li1080\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx1080\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid9332078 { \insrsid12327660\charrsid9332078 The}{\insrsid6883565\charrsid9332078 learned}{\insrsid818278\charrsid9332078 Magistrate erred in law and fact when she failed to properly evaluate the evidence on record.}{\insrsid6883565\charrsid9332078 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\insrsid818278\charrsid9332078 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}{\insrsid818278\charrsid9332078 The learned Magistrate}{\insrsid1539\charrsid9332078 erred in law and fact when }{\insrsid12327660\charrsid9332078 she held}{ \insrsid1539\charrsid9332078 that the prosecution had proved the offence of malicious damage to property beyond reasonable doubt against the appellants.}{\insrsid818278\charrsid9332078 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\insrsid16545235\charrsid9332078 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab}}{\insrsid16545235\charrsid9332078 The learned }{\insrsid11024837\charrsid9332078 Magistrate}{\insrsid16545235\charrsid9332078 erred in law and fact when she held }{ \insrsid11024837\charrsid9332078 that the }{\insrsid16545235\charrsid9332078 evidence }{\insrsid11024837\charrsid9332078 of PW2 as regards to the information that was allegedly obtained from one Sempebwa was not hearsay.}{\insrsid16545235\charrsid9332078

\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9332078 {\insrsid11024837\charrsid9332078 Lastly, I now deal with ground 4 of appeal. At }{\b\insrsid11024837\charrsid9332078 page 6 of the Judgment}{ \insrsid11024837\charrsid9332078 , the learned Magistrate ordered for compensation of the Victims a sum of shs, 5,000,000/= for the loss caused to them as result of the damage as per the court\rquote s assessments.}{\insrsid12327660\charrsid9332078 }{ \insrsid11024837\charrsid9332078 First of all, the court never assessed the said loss. There is no evidence on record to show that the complainant (PW1) suffered any loss. \par }\pard \qj \li360\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid9332078 {\insrsid11024837\charrsid9332078 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9332078 {\insrsid16545235\charrsid9332078 In my findings, herein in this judgment, the suit}{\insrsid11165681\charrsid9332078 land/property did not belong to PW1. Rather, the one who is claiming the suit land is PW2; but he was not }{\insrsid1050053\charrsid9332078 the complainant in th}{\insrsid11024837\charrsid9332078 e}{\insrsid1050053\charrsid9332078 criminal case. PW2 came in the case as a prosecution witness. Wherefore it was wrong for the learned Magistrate to award}{\insrsid7302458\charrsid9332078 compensation of }{\insrsid11024837\charrsid9332078 shillings }{\insrsid7302458\charrsid9332078 5, 000,000/= against }{\insrsid11024837\charrsid9332078 each of }{\insrsid7302458\charrsid9332078 the appellants in favour of PW1 and PW2. The}{\insrsid11024837\charrsid9332078 refore, }{\insrsid12327660\charrsid9332078 the 4th}{ \insrsid7302458\charrsid9332078 ground of appeal succeeds.}{\insrsid16545235\charrsid9332078 \par }\pard \qj \li360\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid9332078 {\insrsid7302458\charrsid9332078 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9332078 {\insrsid7302458\charrsid9332078 In the result, I allow the appeal, quash the conviction, set aside the sentence of 12 months}{ \insrsid11024837\charrsid9332078 imprisonment}{\insrsid7302458\charrsid9332078 and set aside the order that was ordering compensa}{\insrsid11024837\charrsid9332078 tion of Shs. 5, 000,000/= to the victims of the alleged crime.}{ \insrsid7302458\charrsid9332078 \par }\pard \qj \li360\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid9332078 {\insrsid7302458\charrsid9332078 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9332078 {\insrsid7302458\charrsid9332078 Accordingly each appellant is acquitted of the offence of malicious damage to property contrary to section 335 (1) of the Penal Code Act. They are set free unless held on other lawful charges. \par }\pard \qj \li360\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid9332078 {\insrsid4206133\charrsid9332078 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9332078 {\insrsid7302458\charrsid9332078 Further, the complaints and the evidence from the prose}{\insrsid11024837\charrsid9332078 cution clearly show}{ \insrsid7302458\charrsid9332078 that the appellants (accused person}{\insrsid11024837\charrsid9332078 s}{\insrsid7302458\charrsid9332078 ) ought to have been acquitted }{\insrsid11024837\charrsid9332078 at the stage of}{\insrsid7302458\charrsid9332078 a no case to answer. However, they }{\insrsid11024837\charrsid9332078 were }{\insrsid7302458\charrsid9332078 subjected to unjustified trial, convicted and sentenced to imprisonment. The}{\insrsid11024837\charrsid9332078 entire }{ \insrsid4802304\charrsid9332078 trial in}{\insrsid11024837\charrsid9332078 the lower court }{\insrsid7302458\charrsid9332078 and the actions of the alleged victims (PW1 }{\insrsid9046265\charrsid9332078 and PW2) violated the appellant}{ \insrsid7302458\charrsid9332078 s}{\insrsid9046265\charrsid9332078 \rquote }{\insrsid7302458\charrsid9332078 rights to freedom. In that regard, the complainant, PW1 is hereby}{\insrsid7241596\charrsid9332078 ordered to compensate each appellant in the sum of Shill ings 10,000,000/= (ten Million) for the loss and damage arising out of unlawful arrest, false detention at the police, malicious prosecution , and unlawful imprisonment for the period they have spent in prison while serving their respective sentences.

\par I so order. \par }\pard \qj \li360\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid9332078 {\insrsid7241596\charrsid9332078 \par Date}{\insrsid9332078\charrsid9332078 d at Nakawa this 1}{\super\insrsid9332078\charrsid9332078 st}{\insrsid9332078\charrsid9332078 }{\insrsid7241596\charrsid9332078 day of September, 2009 \par }{\insrsid4206133\charrsid9332078 \par }\pard \qc \li360\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid9332078 {\b\insrsid7241596\charrsid9332078 ........................................................ \par JOSEPH MURANGIRA \par JUDGE \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9332078 {\insrsid6440923\charrsid9332078 \par }{\insrsid9180411\charrsid9332078 \par }{\insrsid14509891\charrsid9332078 \par }{\insrsid2698452\charrsid9332078 \par }{\b\ul\insrsid15818787\charrsid9332078 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9332078 {\insrsid7029144\charrsid9332078 \par }}