Namanya Peter vs Uganda (Criminal Appeal No. 264 of 2003) [2009] UGCA 16 (9 April 2009)

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{\insrsid16515823 \chftnsepc \par }}\sectd \psz1\linemod5\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid16686\sftnbj {\footer \pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx8640\pvpara\phmrg\posxc\posy0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9263018 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\field{\*\fldinst {\cs16\insrsid15664988 PAGE }}{\fldrslt {\cs16\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid3637122 1}}}{\cs16\insrsid15664988 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx8640\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\insrsid15664988 \par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}} {\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8 \pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9179076 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\insrsid9179076\charrsid3637122 THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA \par \par IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF UGANDA AT KAMPALA \par \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9179076 {\b\insrsid9179076\charrsid3637122 CORAM:\tab HON. MR. JUSTICE.}{\b\insrsid12398771\charrsid3637122 S. G. ENGWAU}{\b\insrsid9179076\charrsid3637122 , JA.

\par }\pard \ql \fi720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9179076 {\b\insrsid9179076\charrsid3637122 HON. LADY JUSTICE C. N. B. KITUMBA, JA. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9179076 {\b\insrsid9179076\charrsid3637122 \tab \tab HON. LADY JUSTICE C. K. BYAMUGISHA, JA. \par \tab \tab \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9179076 {\b\ul\insrsid9179076\charrsid3637122 CRIMINAL APPEAL No. 264 OF 2003 \par \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9179076 {\insrsid9179076\charrsid3637122 NAMANYA PETER\tab \tab :::::::::::::::::::::\tab APPELLANT \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9179076 {\insrsid9179076\charrsid3637122 VERSUS \par \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9179076 {\insrsid9179076\charrsid3637122 UGANDA\tab \tab \tab \tab ::::::::::::::::::::\tab \tab RESPONDENT \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1397313 {\b\i\insrsid1397313\charrsid3637122 [An appeal from Conviction by }{\b\i\insrsid4538913\charrsid3637122 t}{\b\i\insrsid1397313\charrsid3637122 he High Court of Uganda sitting at Mbarara (Mugamba,J)}{\b\i\insrsid4538913\charrsid3637122 .}{\b\i\insrsid9179076\charrsid3637122 \par }{\b\i\insrsid1397313\charrsid3637122 Dated 23/1/2003 in Criminal Session case No.100 of 2001] \par \par }{\insrsid1397313\charrsid3637122 \par }{\b\ul\insrsid1397313\charrsid3637122 JUDGEMENT OF THE COURT \par \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9272945 {\insrsid8682179\charrsid3637122 Namanya Peter, the appellant, }{\insrsid2630442\charrsid3637122 was indicted for the murder of Girashebuza Emmanuel, }{\insrsid15728825\charrsid3637122 who was his father, c}{\insrsid8682179\charrsid3637122 ontrary to section}{\insrsid10845031\charrsid3637122 s}{\insrsid8682179\charrsid3637122 188 and 189 of the Penal }{\insrsid7894611\charrsid3637122 Code Act. He was convicted of m}{\insrsid8682179\charrsid3637122 anslaughter and sentenced to 14 years imprisonment.}{\insrsid1397313\charrsid3637122 \par }{\insrsid8682179\charrsid3637122 \par The prosecution case as accepted by the learned trial judge }{\insrsid12912666\charrsid3637122 was that }{\insrsid8682179\charrsid3637122 on 30}{\super\insrsid8682179\charrsid3637122 th}{\insrsid8682179\charrsid3637122 June, 2003. Nuwagira Apolo, PW3, went out looking for his missing goats. He found an openi}{\insrsid12126291\charrsid3637122 ng in the ground which was covered}{\insrsid8682179\charrsid3637122 with a stone. He saw many flies at }{ \insrsid12912666\charrsid3637122 the }{\insrsid8682179\charrsid3637122 spot and suspected that they were }{\insrsid12126291\charrsid3637122 attracted by}{\insrsid9006717\charrsid3637122 a possible stench brought by his dead goat or goats. The stone was heavy and }{\insrsid7742177\charrsid3637122 he }{\insrsid9006717\charrsid3637122 called his brother Mugume for assistance. When the stone was removed, there}{\insrsid4538913\charrsid3637122 was inside a sack commonly}{\insrsid12912666\charrsid3637122 known as }{\insrsid4538913\charrsid3637122 (Kad}{\insrsid9006717\charrsid3637122 eya) which contained human remains. A report was made to the relevant authorities. }{ \insrsid7742177\charrsid3637122 \par \par }{\insrsid9006717\charrsid3637122 The appellant together with }{\insrsid7688940\charrsid3637122 his }{\insrsid9006717\charrsid3637122 brothers and}{\insrsid16460983\charrsid3637122 Turyatunga Davis and Kakye Leo, were arrested. The appellant and his brothers were arrested because, they had had misunderstanding with th}{\insrsid2850684\charrsid3637122 eir}{\insrsid16460983\charrsid3637122 father, over land matters.}{ \insrsid10889979\charrsid3637122 When the appellant was arrested, he admitted before the local authorities that he had killed his father and had been assisted by }{\insrsid7894611\charrsid3637122 his }{\insrsid7688940\charrsid3637122 brothers }{ \insrsid10889979\charrsid3637122 to hide the body.}{\insrsid16658404\charrsid3637122 }{\insrsid7742177\charrsid3637122 \par }{\insrsid14905894\charrsid3637122 The police came}{\insrsid8133917\charrsid3637122 to the sce}{\insrsid2514934\charrsid3637122 ne with the doctor who performed a post mortem examination.}{\insrsid11804252\charrsid3637122 The doctor\rquote s report was admitt}{\insrsid7894611\charrsid3637122 ed in evidence, under section 66}{\insrsid11804252\charrsid3637122 (2) of}{\insrsid1198714\charrsid3637122 Trial on I}{\insrsid9380089\charrsid3637122 ndictments Act. The report indicated that the body was in skeleton form. There was a cotton rope tied in several loops around the neck.}{\insrsid8135944\charrsid3637122 The cause of death could have been asphyxia.}{\insrsid14905894\charrsid3637122

\par }{\insrsid8135944\charrsid3637122 \par The appellant made a charge }{\insrsid2042467\charrsid3637122 and}{\insrsid8135944\charrsid3637122 caution statement before D/IP Gumisiriza Karinkija, PW7.}{\insrsid12614775\charrsid3637122 }{\insrsid8135944\charrsid3637122 In that statement, he admitted that}{\insrsid9110620\charrsid3637122 the}{\insrsid8135944\charrsid3637122 deceased came to attack him with a spear. He removed it from him and in the process, he fell down and died. He sought for the assistance from other}{\insrsid9110620\charrsid3637122 s}{\insrsid8135944\charrsid3637122 to hide the body. They complied and he paid them 10,000/=. }{\insrsid9110620\charrsid3637122 These were Turyatunga Davis and Kakye Leo. }{\insrsid8135944\charrsid3637122 This statement was admitted in evid}{\insrsid3439175\charrsid3637122 ence after holding a trial within }{\insrsid7894611\charrsid3637122 a }{\insrsid3439175\charrsid3637122 trial.}{\insrsid15945007\charrsid3637122 }{\insrsid3439175\charrsid3637122 The appellant was charged with murder and his co-accused were charged with, being accessory to the fact of murder, contrary}{\insrsid16525905\charrsid3637122 to section 377 of the Penal Code Act}{\insrsid15945007\charrsid3637122 .}{ \insrsid3439175\charrsid3637122 \par }{\insrsid8682179\charrsid3637122 \par }{\insrsid15945007\charrsid3637122 In hi}{\insrsid7481028\charrsid3637122 s defence, the appellant denied the charge as did his co \endash accused.}{\insrsid15945007\charrsid3637122 \par The learned trial judge rejected their defences and believed the}{\insrsid12799473\charrsid3637122 prosecution case. He convicted the appellant}{\insrsid2313103\charrsid3637122 \rquote s}{\insrsid12799473\charrsid3637122 co-accused as charged and sentenced them to the}{\insrsid410428\charrsid3637122 rising of the court}{\insrsid14423251\charrsid3637122 , since}{\insrsid13459642\charrsid3637122 they had been on remand for more than two years. He}{ \insrsid12799473\charrsid3637122 convicted }{\insrsid13459642\charrsid3637122 the appellant}{\insrsid12799473\charrsid3637122 of manslaughter, contrary to section 187 of the Penal Code Act and sentenced him to 14 years imprisonment. \par }{\insrsid2850684\charrsid3637122 \par }{\insrsid14423251\charrsid3637122 Dissatisfied with the }{\insrsid2850684\charrsid3637122 judgment}{\insrsid14423251\charrsid3637122 of the High Court, the appellant has appealed to this Court}{\insrsid2850684\charrsid3637122 . }{ \insrsid12799473\charrsid3637122 Counsel for the appellant had}{\insrsid10621114\charrsid3637122 filed the appeal to this Court on 4 grounds, but dropped one of them at }{\insrsid6956563\charrsid3637122 the }{\insrsid10621114\charrsid3637122 hearing of this appeal}{\insrsid5381580\charrsid3637122 .}{\insrsid2042467\charrsid3637122 The remaini}{\insrsid6956563\charrsid3637122 ng three grounds of appeal read:}{\insrsid2042467\charrsid3637122 -}{\insrsid5381580\charrsid3637122 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\insrsid5381580\charrsid3637122 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-720\li1080\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx1080\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid9272945 { \b\i\insrsid5381580\charrsid3637122 The learned trial judge erred in fact and in law in holding that the appellant\rquote s confession was voluntary and in admitting the }{\b\i\insrsid4538913\charrsid3637122 appellant\rquote s}{ \b\i\insrsid2850684\charrsid3637122 extra judicial statement}{\b\i\insrsid5381580\charrsid3637122 in evidence. \par }\pard \qj \li360\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid1792338 {\b\i\insrsid1792338\charrsid3637122 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\insrsid5526108\charrsid3637122 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-720\li1080\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx1080\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid9272945 { \b\i\insrsid5526108\charrsid3637122 The learned trial judge erred in fact and in law when he relied on the extra judicial statement of the appellants to conclude that the first appellant killed the dec}{\b\i\insrsid4538913\charrsid3637122 e}{ \b\i\insrsid5526108\charrsid3637122 ased.}{\b\i\insrsid3211447\charrsid3637122 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2042467 {\b\i\insrsid2042467\charrsid3637122 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\insrsid2042467\charrsid3637122 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-720\li1080\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx1080\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid9272945 { \b\i\insrsid2042467\charrsid3637122 The learned trial judge erred in fact and in law in holding that the death of the deceased had been proved beyond reasonable doubt. \par }\pard \qj \li360\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid9272945 {\insrsid2042467\charrsid3637122 During the hearing of the appeal learned counsel}{\insrsid2850684\charrsid3637122 ,}{ \insrsid2042467\charrsid3637122 Mr. Brian Othieno}{\insrsid2850684\charrsid3637122 ,}{\insrsid2042467\charrsid3637122 appeared for the appellant and Ms Betty Khisa}{\insrsid2850684\charrsid3637122 ,}{\insrsid2042467\charrsid3637122 }{ \insrsid5986561\charrsid3637122 learned Senior}{\insrsid12206246\charrsid3637122 }{\insrsid2042467\charrsid3637122 Principal State}{\insrsid532651\charrsid3637122 Attorney}{\insrsid2042467\charrsid3637122 , represented the respondent.}{ \insrsid5526108\charrsid3637122 \par }{\insrsid2042467\charrsid3637122 \par Counsel for both parties argued grounds 1 & 2 together and ground 3 separately and in that order. We shall handle the grounds of appeal similarly in this judgment. \par \par The complaint by appellant\rquote s counsel in ground}{\insrsid2850684\charrsid3637122 s}{\insrsid2042467\charrsid3637122 1 and 2 was about the appellant\rquote s extra-judicial statement and the }{\insrsid2850684\charrsid3637122 evidence corroborating}{ \insrsid2042467\charrsid3637122 it. \par \par }{\insrsid5526108\charrsid3637122 Counsel complained that the learned trial judge erred in}{\insrsid2850684\charrsid3637122 law}{\insrsid5526108\charrsid3637122 and in fact when he relied on the extra judicial statement by the appellant on the ground that it was voluntary and on finding c}{\insrsid1595876\charrsid3637122 orroboration in the evidence of his co-accused\rquote s statements that were involuntar}{ \insrsid2850684\charrsid3637122 il}{\insrsid1595876\charrsid3637122 y made.}{\insrsid9059722\charrsid3637122 He submitted that the appellant\rquote s statement was not made voluntarily. The appellant had been beaten. The co-accused had also been tortured and their statement}{\insrsid13116579\charrsid3637122 s}{\insrsid9059722\charrsid3637122 could not corroborate}{\insrsid1800252\charrsid3637122 that of the appellant.}{\insrsid5526108\charrsid3637122 \par }{\insrsid2850684\charrsid3637122 \par }{\insrsid1800252\charrsid3637122 Ms Betty Khisa, learned senior Principal State Attorney}{\insrsid15874781\charrsid3637122 ,}{\insrsid1800252\charrsid3637122 for the respondent conceded that the statement of the co-accused could not corroborate that of the appellant. She}{\insrsid13116579\charrsid3637122 ,}{\insrsid1800252\charrsid3637122 however, submitted that the }{\insrsid5078589\charrsid3637122 appellant\rquote s}{\insrsid1800252\charrsid3637122 statement }{\insrsid4006311\charrsid3637122 was made voluntarily }{\insrsid1800252\charrsid3637122 and}{\insrsid2850684\charrsid3637122 a}{\insrsid1800252\charrsid3637122 conviction could be based on }{\insrsid2850684\charrsid3637122 it}{\insrsid1800252\charrsid3637122 . \par }{\insrsid10712426\charrsid3637122 \par }{\insrsid1801115\charrsid3637122 We have carefully perused the extra judicial statement which was admitted in evidence at the trial.}{\insrsid4344487\charrsid3637122 In that statement, the appellant stated that the }{\insrsid2850684\charrsid3637122 deceased}{\insrsid4344487\charrsid3637122 was his father. It is true, he killed him because of their differences}{\insrsid4006311\charrsid3637122 . O}{\insrsid4344487\charrsid3637122 n the material day the deceased }{\insrsid2850684\charrsid3637122 wanted to kill him}{\insrsid4344487\charrsid3637122 with a spear. He removed it from him but in the p}{\insrsid4528700\charrsid3637122 rocess, he fell down and d}{\insrsid4344487\charrsid3637122 ied.}{\insrsid4528700\charrsid3637122 As the appellant was alone, he called other people who helped him}{\insrsid16122504\charrsid3637122 to hide away the corpse.}{\insrsid1801115\charrsid3637122 \par }{\insrsid16122504\charrsid3637122 \par It is our considered }{\insrsid11604278\charrsid3637122 view that}{\insrsid16122504\charrsid3637122 the appellant\rquote s statement did }{\insrsid1124601\charrsid3637122 not amount}{\insrsid16122504\charrsid3637122 to confession to murder}{ \insrsid16057174\charrsid3637122 .}{\insrsid727863\charrsid3637122 }{\insrsid16057174\charrsid3637122 T}{\insrsid16122504\charrsid3637122 he appellant}{\insrsid11604278\charrsid3637122 raised a defence of self defence which if }{ \insrsid13172937\charrsid3637122 believed entitled}{\insrsid11604278\charrsid3637122 him to a complete acquittal}{\insrsid11350706\charrsid3637122 .}{\insrsid16122504\charrsid3637122 \par }{\insrsid11350706\charrsid3637122 \par It is our considered opinion that, as the learned trial judge believe}{\insrsid2042467\charrsid3637122 d}{\insrsid11350706\charrsid3637122 the appellant}{\insrsid16675991\charrsid3637122 \rquote }{\insrsid11350706\charrsid3637122 s statement and found that there was no malice a fore though}{\insrsid5986561\charrsid3637122 t}{\insrsid11350706\charrsid3637122 ,}{\insrsid6650717\charrsid3637122 he should have acquitted him. }{\insrsid11350706\charrsid3637122 Considering the circumstances of the case}{\insrsid13595885\charrsid3637122 ,}{\insrsid11350706\charrsid3637122 the appellant\rquote s statement is true as the judge found it to be, he only pushed }{\insrsid13595885\charrsid3637122 his }{ \insrsid11350706\charrsid3637122 attacker who had confronted him with the spear.}{\insrsid2850684\charrsid3637122 The force used by the appellant in self defence was not excessive.}{\insrsid11350706\charrsid3637122 \par }{\insrsid5771792\charrsid3637122 \par We have on record evidence from Nuwagira Apollo (Pw3) and Byabagambi Jovenal PW2 that the appellant and his brothers were arrested. They were beaten by LDUs. As }{\insrsid14448536\charrsid3637122 a }{\insrsid5771792\charrsid3637122 result of severe beating, they confessed that they killed their father. We are of the considered view that the appellant\rquote s admission of killing his father was not voluntary. Additionally, we do not know why the appellant\rquote s brothers and sister were released and only}{\insrsid2850684\charrsid3637122 the}{\insrsid5771792\charrsid3637122 appellant was charged with the murder. Further, the appellant\rquote s co-accused}{\insrsid2850684\charrsid3637122 , too, testified in their defenc}{\insrsid5771792\charrsid3637122 es that they participated in beating }{\insrsid2850684\charrsid3637122 the appellant and his brother}{\insrsid15222605\charrsid3637122 s}{\insrsid2850684\charrsid3637122 at}{ \insrsid5771792\charrsid3637122 the order}{\insrsid15222605\charrsid3637122 s}{\insrsid5771792\charrsid3637122 of the Chairman. That they were also beaten up by the LDUs. }{\insrsid2850684\charrsid3637122 We have taken into account all the foregoing and find that the appellant\rquote s statement was of no evidential value.}{\insrsid5771792\charrsid3637122 \par }{\insrsid5376884\charrsid3637122 \par }{\insrsid14383832\charrsid3637122 We now consider the third ground of appeal which reads: -}{\insrsid1653554\charrsid3637122 \par }\pard \qj \fi-180\li900\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin900\itap0\pararsid9524313 {\b\insrsid9524313\charrsid3637122 \'93}{\b\insrsid1653554\charrsid3637122 The learned trial judge erred in fact and in law in holding that the death of the deceased had been}{\b\insrsid9524313\charrsid3637122 proved beyond reasonable doubt.\'94}{\b\insrsid1653554\charrsid3637122 \par }\pard \qj \li360\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid9272945 {\insrsid1653554\charrsid3637122 \par Regarding this ground, appellant\rquote s counsel contended}{\insrsid14039456\charrsid3637122 that the learned trial judge erred in his judgement to find that death of the deceased had been proved beyond reasonable doubt. }{ \insrsid10512990\charrsid3637122 He argued that there was no fle}{\insrsid14039456\charrsid3637122 sh and the body was a skeleton. Pw2 test}{\insrsid10512990\charrsid3637122 ified that he identified the body of the deceased from the }{ \insrsid11343394\charrsid3637122 fingers}{\insrsid10512990\charrsid3637122 but there was no flesh on the fingers}{\insrsid11343394\charrsid3637122 .}{\insrsid1653554\charrsid3637122 \par }{\insrsid11343394\charrsid3637122 \par In reply, the Senior Principal State Attorney disagreed and supported the learned trial judge}{\insrsid3876377\charrsid3637122 \rquote }{\insrsid11343394\charrsid3637122 s finding that the deceased\rquote s body was properly identified. \par }{\insrsid16122504\charrsid3637122 \par }{\insrsid3876377\charrsid3637122 In his }{\insrsid2042467\charrsid3637122 judgment}{\insrsid3876377\charrsid3637122 t}{\insrsid3557447\charrsid3637122 he trial judge found that the body of the deceased was properly identified. He relied on the }{ \b\insrsid3557447\charrsid3637122 Supreme Court Case of John Magezi Vs Uganda, Criminal Appeal No.8 of 1993.}{\insrsid3557447\charrsid3637122 In that case, the two bodies had identifying marks as one had a bracelet and another }{ \insrsid5454080\charrsid3637122 had a bronze tooth in the skull}{\insrsid5771792\charrsid3637122 .}{\insrsid5454080\charrsid3637122 }{\insrsid5771792\charrsid3637122 We}{\insrsid3752332\charrsid3637122 respectfully agree with that Supreme Court decision,}{\insrsid5771792\charrsid3637122 but}{\insrsid3752332\charrsid3637122 }{\insrsid11879359\charrsid3637122 in the appeal before us, }{\insrsid3752332\charrsid3637122 there was no identifying mark on the body that was found hidden in the cave.}{\insrsid14550257\charrsid3637122 }{\insrsid13532135\charrsid3637122 We are of the vie}{\insrsid12541809\charrsid3637122 w that this appeal is on all fou}{ \insrsid13532135\charrsid3637122 rs with the case of }{\b\insrsid13532135\charrsid3637122 Uganda Vs Yosefu }{\b\insrsid3435046\charrsid3637122 Nyabenda}{\b\insrsid13532135\charrsid3637122 , }{\b\insrsid3435046\charrsid3637122 [}{ \b\insrsid13532135\charrsid3637122 1972}{\b\insrsid3435046\charrsid3637122 ] 2 ULR}{\b\insrsid13532135\charrsid3637122 .}{\b\insrsid3297476\charrsid3637122 19.}{\b\insrsid13532135\charrsid3637122 \par }{\insrsid13532135\charrsid3637122 In that case after a search of the deceased, who had been missing from the village for ten days, a skeleton was found in the bush in the village where he had been living. Two witnesses purported to ha}{ \insrsid12541809\charrsid3637122 ve identified the remains as tho}{\insrsid13532135\charrsid3637122 se of the deceased from the belt and the pair of shorts which were found around}{\insrsid5771792\charrsid3637122 his body and were known to belong}{ \insrsid13532135\charrsid3637122 to the deceased. These items were not produced as exhibits at the trial. The court held that the}{\insrsid9920759\charrsid3637122 evidence of identification adduced fell short of establishing that it was the body of the deceased.}{\insrsid13532135\charrsid3637122 \par }{\insrsid9920759\charrsid3637122 \par In the instant appeal, we have }{\insrsid12541809\charrsid3637122 no conclusive evidence}{\insrsid2850684\charrsid3637122 that}{\insrsid12541809\charrsid3637122 the body that was found was that }{\insrsid9920759\charrsid3637122 of the appellant\rquote s father. According to the evidence of Byabagambi Jovenal PW2, who was the LC. Chairman of the village, the appellant}{\insrsid15664988\charrsid3637122 and his father now deceased had}{\insrsid9920759\charrsid3637122 a lot of misunderstanding over land matters. In fact the misunderstanding was with all members of the family. \par }{\insrsid4538913\charrsid3637122 PW2}{\insrsid5773261\charrsid3637122 ,}{\insrsid4538913\charrsid3637122 in}{\insrsid9920759\charrsid3637122 his testimony said that when the dead body was found, the appellant and his brother were the fir st suspects because of }{\insrsid15281992\charrsid3637122 the history of misunderstanding. He}{\insrsid9920759\charrsid3637122 testified that before the body was found, the appellant used to tell him that the deceased had gone to Rwanda. }{ \insrsid5771792\charrsid3637122 Even other members of the family, for example the }{\insrsid13178522\charrsid3637122 \par \par }{\insrsid5771792\charrsid3637122 deceased\rquote s wife used to say that the deceased had gone to Rwanda.}{\insrsid9920759\charrsid3637122 In fact the deceased had relatives in Rwanda}{\insrsid5771792\charrsid3637122 ,}{\insrsid9920759\charrsid3637122 including two sons had gone as soldiers in 1974.}{\insrsid5771792\charrsid3637122 }{\insrsid9989476\charrsid3637122 This court has no evidence that}{\insrsid7502393\charrsid3637122 deceased is not in Rwanda.}{\insrsid9920759\charrsid3637122 \par }{\insrsid5771792\charrsid3637122 \par }{\insrsid9188049\charrsid3637122 We are uneasy about the appellants\rquote conviction}{\insrsid2850684\charrsid3637122 because of the reasons stated above}{\insrsid9188049\charrsid3637122 .}{\insrsid7502393\charrsid3637122 \par }{\insrsid1004260\charrsid3637122 \par We find that this appeal has merit. In the result, this appeal is allowed. \par \par The conviction is quashed and the sentence is set aside. The appellant should be set free forthwith unless, he is otherwise lawfully held. \par }{\b\insrsid16122504\charrsid3637122 \par }\pard \qc \li360\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid15021526 {\b\insrsid1004260\charrsid3637122 Dated at Kampala}{\b\insrsid15021526\charrsid3637122 9}{\b\super\insrsid15021526\charrsid3637122 th}{ \b\insrsid15021526\charrsid3637122 }{\b\insrsid1004260\charrsid3637122 day of}{\b\insrsid15021526\charrsid3637122 April }{\b\insrsid1004260\charrsid3637122 2009. \par \par \par \par }{\b\insrsid12398771\charrsid3637122 S. G. Engwau \par }{\b\insrsid1004260\charrsid3637122 Justice Court of Appeal \par \par }{\b\insrsid12393439\charrsid3637122 \par }{\b\insrsid1004260\charrsid3637122 C. N. B. Kitumba \par Justice Court of Appeal \par \par C. K. Byamugisha}{\b\insrsid15237084\charrsid3637122 \par }{\b\insrsid1004260\charrsid3637122 Justice Court of Appeal \par }}