Nangunga Livestock Co-operative Society Ltd v M/s Energo Project Corporation (Civil Suit No.201 of 1993) [1994] UGHC 25 (21 July 1994)

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JUSTICE I. MUKANZA \par RULING \par }\pard \s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8062978 {\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 \line }{\insrsid1059570\charrsid4074213 In this case the plaintiff called evidence and closed its case.}{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 }{\insrsid1059570\charrsid4074213 The defence}{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 }{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 did }{\insrsid1059570\charrsid4074213 also} {\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 }{\insrsid1059570\charrsid4074213 adduce evi}{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 dence in support }{\insrsid1059570\charrsid4074213 of its}{\i\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 }{\insrsid1059570\charrsid4074213 version and immediately}{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 the defence closed its case }{\insrsid1059570\charrsid4074213 Mr. Lutakome}{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 the }{\insrsid1059570\charrsid4074213 learned counsel appearing}{ \insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 }{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 for}{\i\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 }{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 the}{\i\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 }{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 plain}{\insrsid1059570\charrsid4074213 tiff made a verbal application}{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 for leave }{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 to }{\insrsid1059570\charrsid4074213 adduce further evidence}{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 }{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 on half }{ \insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 of }{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 the}{\i\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 }{\insrsid1059570\charrsid4074213 plaintiff because}{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 }{\insrsid1059570\charrsid4074213 o}{ \insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 f certain facts }{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 which }{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 did }{\insrsid1059570\charrsid4074213 not com}{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 e out }{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 clearly }{ \insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 in the }{\insrsid1059570\charrsid4074213 pl}{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 ai}{\insrsid1059570\charrsid4074213 n}{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 tiff\rquote s evidence. Th}{\insrsid1059570\charrsid4074213 at procedure}{ \insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 was }{\insrsid1059570\charrsid4074213 objected}{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 }{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 to }{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 by Mr.}{\insrsid1059570\charrsid4074213 Nshimye}{ \i\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 }{\insrsid1059570\charrsid4074213 counsel representing the defendant }{\insrsid1059570\charrsid4074213 hence }{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 this }{\insrsid1059570\charrsid4074213 ruling to resolve the m}{ \insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 atter}{\insrsid1059570\charrsid4074213 . \par }{\insrsid1059570\charrsid4074213 Mr. Lutakome submitted}{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 that there was }{\insrsid1059570\charrsid4074213 something h}{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 e was }{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 not }{ \insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 satisfied with. }{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 The }{\insrsid1059570\charrsid4074213 purpose}{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 }{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 of}{\i\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 }{ \insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 DW2 was }{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 to }{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 satisfy the }{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 court }{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 as }{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 to }{ \insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 whether}{\i\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 }{\insrsid1059570\charrsid4074213 Mr. Dragon was in Uganda}{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 }{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 by }{\insrsid1059570\charrsid4074213 the tim}{ \insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 e the }{\insrsid1059570\charrsid4074213 order for supplying commodities}{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 to }{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 the defendant }{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 corporation wa}{ \insrsid1059570\charrsid4074213 s made}{\i\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 }{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 but }{\insrsid1059570\charrsid4074213 the}{\i\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 }{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 officer who }{ \insrsid1059570\charrsid4074213 testified}{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 on }{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 this was }{\insrsid1059570\charrsid4074213 not there}{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 }{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 at the }{ \insrsid1059570\charrsid4074213 time. He had admitted}{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 there }{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 was }{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 a }{\insrsid1059570\charrsid4074213 minute}{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 }{ \insrsid1059570\charrsid4074213 where Dragon\rquote s app}{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 lication was considered and those officers }{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 are }{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 still }{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 there. The vital }{\insrsid1059570\charrsid4074213 document}{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 was the visa. The said visa is a }{\insrsid1059570\charrsid4074213 photostat cop}{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 y }{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 and not }{ \insrsid1059570\charrsid4074213 even}{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 certified. That officer does }{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 not }{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 even }{\insrsid1059570\charrsid4074213 kn}{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 ow }{ \insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 the person who endorsed that }{\insrsid1059570\charrsid4074213 visa.}{\i\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 }{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 So if that }{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 was }{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 the case }{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 this court has the }{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 discretion to call }{\insrsid1059570\charrsid4074213 tha}{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 t witness }{\insrsid1059570\charrsid4074213 to show when Mr}{ \insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 . Dra}{\insrsid1059570\charrsid4074213 g}{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 on arrived in }{\insrsid1059570\charrsid4074213 Uganda. He submitted}{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 }{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 that }{ \insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 leave }{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 be }{\insrsid1059570\charrsid4074213 g}{\insrsid1059570\charrsid4074213 ranted}{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 }{\insrsid1059570\charrsid4074213 to}{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 allow the learned }{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 counsel }{\insrsid1059570\charrsid4074213 to call the}{\insrsid16018536\charrsid4074213 relevant}{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 }{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 person who handled }{ \insrsid16018536\charrsid4074213 the work}{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 }{\insrsid16018536\charrsid4074213 permit an}{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 d }{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 visa for }{\insrsid16018536\charrsid4074213 Mr. Dragon. \par }{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 On the }{\insrsid16018536\charrsid4074213 other hand M}{\insrsid16018536\charrsid4074213 r. Nshim}{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 ye }{\insrsid16018536\charrsid4074213 submitted}{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 }{ \insrsid16018536\charrsid4074213 that}{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 }{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 the}{\i\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 }{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 court }{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 has }{ \insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 the }{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 discretion }{\insrsid16018536\charrsid4074213 to}{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 }{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 call a }{\insrsid16018536\charrsid4074213 witn}{ \insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 ess }{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 say }{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 those }{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 who sat }{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 on the }{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 hoard }{ \insrsid16018536\charrsid4074213 considering}{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 the }{\insrsid16018536\charrsid4074213 permit}{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 }{\insrsid16018536\charrsid4074213 to com}{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 e }{ \insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 and testify and }{\insrsid16018536\charrsid4074213 e}{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 ven those who }{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 granted the visa. Normally such witnesses are called by the cou}{ \insrsid16018536\charrsid4074213 rt at the instance of the court.}{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 He wondered how his learned friend reads the mind of the court and says that such witness would be called. He contended that even if such officer was called the originals (the visa and working permit) could not be produced. He was of the view that those were delaying tactics because he did not oppose the production of the file in evidence otherwise the entry card}{\insrsid16018536\charrsid4074213 and}{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 permit would have been produced to satisfy his learned brother. Unless the court accepted what his learned friend had submitted he}{\insrsid16018536\charrsid4074213 would oppose the application. \par }{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 I had the }{\insrsid16018536\charrsid4074213 occasion to peruse the evidence}{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 on record and at the }{\insrsid16018536\charrsid4074213 same time}{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 listened attentively to the sub}{\insrsid16018536\charrsid4074213 mission of the learned counsels.}{\b\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 }{\b\ul\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 S. 133 of the Evidence Act Cap 43 }{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 regulates the order of production of witnesses under the law.}{\ul\insrsid16018536\charrsid4074213 Also}{\b\ul\insrsid16018536\charrsid4074213 sect}{\b\ul\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 ions }{\b\ul\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 135}{ \b\i\ul\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 }{\b\ul\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 and 136 }{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 of the }{\b\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 Evidence Act}{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 lays down the procedure to be followed when witnesses are call}{\insrsid16018536\charrsid4074213 ed upon to testify in court.}{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 That is they are examined in ch}{\insrsid4270460\charrsid4074213 ief, cross examined and then re-}{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 examined See }{\ul\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 also }{\b\ul\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 Odgers on Principles of}{\b\ul\insrsid4270460\charrsid4074213 pleading and practice the 21}{ \b\ul\super\insrsid4270460\charrsid4074213 st}{\b\ul\insrsid4270460\charrsid4074213 }{\b\ul\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 Edition pages 272 to 282. }{\insrsid4270460\charrsid4074213 \par }{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 In the instant case the plaintiff had the opportunity to call all the evidence in support of its case. Mr. Lutakome h}{\insrsid4270460\charrsid4074213 as personal knowledge of the ty}{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 pe of evidence he wanted to call in order to prove his case. It is procedurally wrong to wait when the defence had closed its case to request for leave to adduce evidence because of what transpired in the evidence of DW2 a witn}{ \insrsid4270460\charrsid4074213 ess called by the adverse party.}{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 I would have expected the learned counsel to fortify his argument by citing some authorities. He }{\insrsid4074213 did not unfortunately do that. }{ \insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 Be that as it may this is not the situation where order 16 r 12 of the civil procedure rules would come into play. Under the }{\insrsid4270460\charrsid4074213 above law the court ha}{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 s power at any}{\insrsid4270460\charrsid4074213 stage of the suit to call any }{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 witness who has }{\insrsid4270460\charrsid4074213 testified}{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 and pu}{\insrsid4270460\charrsid4074213 t questions to him as the court}{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 }{\insrsid4270460\charrsid4074213 thinks.}{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 \par The witness the learned counsel wanted to call as a witness was never called as a witness in the first instance. To}{\insrsid14616155\charrsid4074213 allow}{\b\i\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 }{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 the plaintiff to call in a new witness after the closure of evidence by both the plai}{\insrsid14616155\charrsid4074213 ntiff and the defence will in my humble opinion amount}{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 to opening new }{ \insrsid14616155\charrsid4074213 issues. Mr. Lu}{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 takome should have }{\insrsid14616155\charrsid4074213 foreseen}{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 the t}{\insrsid14616155\charrsid4074213 ype of evidence he wanted}{ \insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 to call more so after PW1 and}{\insrsid14616155\charrsid4074213 PW2 had given their evidence. \par }{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 The judge has}{\insrsid14616155\charrsid4074213 however power to call and exam}{\insrsid4600293\charrsid4074213 ine a witness }{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 who}{\b\i\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 }{ \insrsid14616155\charrsid4074213 has not been called by either party if neither p}{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 ar}{\insrsid14616155\charrsid4074213 t}{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 y objects }{\ul\insrsid14616155\charrsid4074213 See }{ \b\ul\insrsid14616155\charrsid4074213 Enoh and Zaketaky Bock and cos Arbitration 1910 1 KB P.327.}{\insrsid14616155\charrsid4074213 But See }{\b\ul\insrsid14616155\charrsid4074213 R}{\b\ul\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 V. Dora Harris 1927 and }{ \b\ul\insrsid4600293\charrsid4074213 R . V. Machnon 1933 24 CR.}{\b\ul\insrsid14616155\charrsid4074213 AP}{\b\ul\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 PR}{\b\ul\insrsid14616155\charrsid4074213 }{\b\ul\insrsid4600293\charrsid4074213 95 }{ \insrsid4600293\charrsid4074213 as to rule in criminal cases. \par }{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 I am aware }{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 that}{\i\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 }{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 the cases referred to above are English decisions and not binding on this court but are of a highly persuasive authority and I would }{\insrsid4600293\charrsid4074213 in the premises follow then. \par Moreover the witness Mr. Lutakome referred to in his submission the person wanted to call as a witness w}{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 as not identified. Accordin}{\insrsid4600293\charrsid4074213 g to his submission the witness he }{ \insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 required }{\insrsid4600293\charrsid4074213 to prove}{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 certain matters }{\insrsid4600293\charrsid4074213 were }{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 likely to be more than}{ \insrsid4600293\charrsid4074213 one. He spoke of }{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 the production of the work }{\insrsid4600293\charrsid4074213 permit}{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 a}{\insrsid4600293\charrsid4074213 nd visa which in my humble opi}{ \insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 nion}{\insrsid4600293\charrsid4074213 may}{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 require more than one witness. Counsel }{\insrsid4600293\charrsid4074213 should come to court when well prepared. \par In the end the}{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 preliminary obj}{\insrsid4600293\charrsid4074213 ection by the counsel appearing }{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 for the defe}{\insrsid4600293\charrsid4074213 ndant is upheld with }{ \insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 costs. \par }\pard \s15\ql \fi720\li5040\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin5040\itap0\pararsid8062978 {\b\insrsid8062978\charrsid4074213 \par \par }{\b\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 I. MUKANZA}{\b\ul\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 \par }{\b\uldb\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 JUDGE \par }{\b\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 21.7. 1994.}{\insrsid8468632\charrsid4074213 \line \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8062978 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af36\hich\af36\dbch\af36\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs24\insrsid8062978\charrsid4074213

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