Nangunga Livestock Co-operative Society Ltd v M/s Energo Project Corporation (Civil Suit No.201 of 1993) [1994] UGHC 26 (14 July 1994)

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JUSTICE I. MUKANZA \par RULING \par }\pard \s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11614848 {\insrsid337009\charrsid13725644 The plaintiff in this case}{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 was suing the }{ \insrsid8025255\charrsid13725644 defendant for payment}{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 of 7}{\insrsid8025255\charrsid13725644 ,000,000/=}{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 }{\insrsid8025255\charrsid13725644 shillings}{ \insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 being the value of }{\insrsid8025255\charrsid13725644 goods supplied to the defendant at}{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 the instance of the latter. }{\insrsid8025255\charrsid13725644 Th}{ \insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 e}{\b\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 }{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 plaintiff }{\insrsid8025255\charrsid13725644 also}{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 sued for breach of contract. }{ \insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 The}{\b\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 }{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 plaintiff called evidence}{\insrsid8025255\charrsid13725644 and closed its case. \par }{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 When DW2 a }{\insrsid8025255\charrsid13725644 government analyst and expert}{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 }{\insrsid8025255\charrsid13725644 working}{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 on }{ \insrsid8025255\charrsid13725644 the}{\b\insrsid8025255\charrsid13725644 }{\insrsid8025255\charrsid13725644 questioned}{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 documents attempted to tender in evidence a report he compile}{\insrsid8025255\charrsid13725644 d}{ \insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 on a document already tendered in court}{\insrsid8025255\charrsid13725644 }{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 as E}{\insrsid8025255\charrsid13725644 xp1}{\i\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 }{ \insrsid8025255\charrsid13725644 there was an }{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 objection raised by Mr. Luta}{\insrsid8025255\charrsid13725644 k}{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 ome counsel }{\insrsid8025255\charrsid13725644 representing the }{ \insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 pl}{\insrsid8025255\charrsid13725644 aintiff on the admissibility of }{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 the said report and }{\insrsid8025255\charrsid13725644 hence this ruling to resolve than matt}{ \insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 e}{\insrsid8025255\charrsid13725644 r}{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 . Mr. Lutakome submitted that he }{\insrsid8025255\charrsid13725644 objected to the type of evidence DW2 }{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 in}{ \insrsid8025255\charrsid13725644 tended to give such evidence, it}{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 should have been plead}{\insrsid8025255\charrsid13725644 ed in the written statement of }{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 defence then evidence would have been adduced}{\insrsid8025255\charrsid13725644 to prove the same. }{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 The defendant had sufficient time to decide whether there was any fraud or not. The fact that the plaintiff pleaded that they supplied produce was proved by the }{\insrsid8025255\charrsid13725644 delivery note Annexture}{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 A and B }{\insrsid8025255\charrsid13725644 and demand latter annexture C. \par }{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 About}{\insrsid14366819\charrsid13725644 Exp.1}{\i\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 }{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 the defendant had }{\insrsid14366819\charrsid13725644 plenty}{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 of time to decide wh}{\insrsid14366819\charrsid13725644 ether they were defrauded or n}{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 ot. There is an }{\insrsid14366819\charrsid13725644 objection}{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 about }{ \insrsid14366819\charrsid13725644 Exp.1.}{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 It was argued and it was admitted in court. It is no good going }{\insrsid14366819\charrsid13725644 back to}{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 the matter }{ \insrsid14366819\charrsid13725644 which was already decided on by }{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 the court. S}{\insrsid14366819\charrsid13725644 o this witness should not be allowed}{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 to }{ \insrsid14366819\charrsid13725644 testify. \par }{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 Mr. Nshimy}{\insrsid14366819\charrsid13725644 e}{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 }{\insrsid14366819\charrsid13725644 on the other hand submitted }{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 that the objection}{ \insrsid14366819\charrsid13725644 of}{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 his learned friend was misconceived because if there is party that is guilty of taking the other by surprise it is the plaintiff. EXP.}{\insrsid14366819\charrsid13725644 1}{ \i\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 }{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 was never annexed to the plaint so as to give an indicator that }{\insrsid14366819\charrsid13725644 it has never been forged. So there is no}{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 way they could plead that is was forge}{\insrsid14366819\charrsid13725644 d. The plaintiff took them by surprise by producing Exp.1 and another latter }{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 which }{\insrsid14366819\charrsid13725644 was}{ \insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 of his }{\insrsid14366819\charrsid13725644 protracted objection at that time}{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 .}{\insrsid14366819\charrsid13725644 His learned friend}{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 was}{ \insrsid14366819\charrsid13725644 }{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 then}{\insrsid14366819\charrsid13725644 saying}{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 that he (Mr. Nshimye) }{\insrsid14366819\charrsid13725644 was}{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 not }{\insrsid14366819\charrsid13725644 a handwriting expert to question Exp.1 and replied}{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 that }{\insrsid14366819\charrsid13725644 they}{\insrsid6882653\charrsid13725644 were going to bring the handwrit}{ \insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 ing}{\insrsid6882653\charrsid13725644 }{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 expert }{\insrsid6882653\charrsid13725644 and th}{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 at was why he }{\insrsid6882653\charrsid13725644 came}{ \insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 to }{\insrsid6882653\charrsid13725644 court.}{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 Th}{\insrsid6882653\charrsid13725644 e court}{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 has to do }{\insrsid6882653\charrsid13725644 justice}{ \insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 }{\insrsid6882653\charrsid13725644 to look at}{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 }{\insrsid6882653\charrsid13725644 p}{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 a}{\insrsid6882653\charrsid13725644 r}{ \insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 tie}{\insrsid6882653\charrsid13725644 s.}{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 There is }{\insrsid6882653\charrsid13725644 no}{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 way }{\insrsid6882653\charrsid13725644 it should up}{ \insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 hold}{\insrsid6882653\charrsid13725644 }{\insrsid13725644 the suggestion }{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 b}{\insrsid6882653\charrsid13725644 y his learn}{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 ed}{ \insrsid6882653\charrsid13725644 }{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 friend }{\insrsid6882653\charrsid13725644 that}{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 the document }{\insrsid6882653\charrsid13725644 should be shut behind. Th}{ \insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 e expert witness could }{\insrsid6882653\charrsid13725644 otherwise}{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 be of }{\insrsid6882653\charrsid13725644 assistance}{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 in the }{ \insrsid6882653\charrsid13725644 cour}{\insrsid13725644 t to come to a just decision. }{\insrsid6882653\charrsid13725644 H}{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 e pra}{\insrsid6882653\charrsid13725644 yed that the objecti}{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 on }{\insrsid6882653\charrsid13725644 be }{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 overruled so that the }{\insrsid6882653\charrsid13725644 defence}{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 m}{\insrsid6882653\charrsid13725644 ig}{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 ht} {\insrsid6882653\charrsid13725644 }{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 be given }{\insrsid6882653\charrsid13725644 an opportunity to be heard on }{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 the mysterious document}{\insrsid6882653\charrsid13725644 . \par }{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 Mr. Lutakome in reply submitted that his }{\insrsid6882653\charrsid13725644 colleague}{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 had }{\insrsid6882653\charrsid13725644 submitted that they argued about }{ \insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 exhibit P1}{\insrsid6882653\charrsid13725644 concerning t}{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 he handwriting }{\insrsid6882653\charrsid13725644 expert when}{\b\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 }{ \insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 t}{\insrsid16144142\charrsid13725644 hey ar}{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 gued}{\insrsid16144142\charrsid13725644 }{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 about the }{\insrsid16144142\charrsid13725644 admissibility}{ \insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 of he }{\insrsid16144142\charrsid13725644 exhibit}{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 in }{\insrsid16144142\charrsid13725644 question}{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 . They did not }{\insrsid16144142\charrsid13725644 go into the Intricacies of the }{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 la}{\insrsid16144142\charrsid13725644 w regarding fraud. At least we }{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 only argued whether it was in order to adm}{\insrsid16144142\charrsid13725644 it exhibit P1 as exhibit when n}{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 ot atta}{\insrsid16144142\charrsid13725644 ched as annexture. It was ruled}{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 that}{\insrsid16144142\charrsid13725644 he was in order at that time. H}{ \insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 is }{\insrsid16144142\charrsid13725644 learned}{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 fri}{\insrsid16144142\charrsid13725644 end never raised the issue that the doc}{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 ument was }{ \insrsid16144142\charrsid13725644 forged}{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 . If he had done so he would have attacked him on the }{\insrsid16144142\charrsid13725644 allegation}{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 . Since }{ \insrsid16144142\charrsid13725644 that}{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 time when }{\insrsid16144142\charrsid13725644 you allowed Exp.1 the pl}{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 eadings were }{\insrsid16144142\charrsid13725644 not amended. So }{ \insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 it}{\insrsid16144142\charrsid13725644 is}{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 irrelevant to consider the issue when it was not pleaded. It is not in order to produce evidence in an issue which was not raised. \line }{ \insrsid16144142\charrsid13725644 I have carefully considered the}{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 submission of the learned}{\insrsid16144142\charrsid13725644 counsels. In my ruling of 23}{\super\insrsid16144142\charrsid13725644 rd}{ \insrsid16144142\charrsid13725644 }{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 August, }{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 1993}{\b\i\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 }{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 I dealt at length with the question of admissibility of EXP.}{\insrsid16144142\charrsid13725644 1}{\i\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 }{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 which was a letter written by the defendant permitting the plaintiff to supp]y }{ \insrsid16144142\charrsid13725644 the}{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 defendant company wi}{\insrsid16144142\charrsid13725644 th commodities like beans, maiz}{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 e and }{\insrsid16144142\charrsid13725644 etc}{ \insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 at their camp at Kiganda on Mityana Road. There was strong }{\insrsid16144142\charrsid13725644 objection}{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 raised by Mr}{\insrsid16144142\charrsid13725644 . Nshim}{ \insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 ye t}{\insrsid16144142\charrsid13725644 o the admissibility of the said}{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 document and this }{\insrsid16144142\charrsid13725644 court because of}{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 reasons it ga}{\insrsid16144142\charrsid13725644 ve overruled the objection}{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 by N}{\insrsid16144142\charrsid13725644 s}{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 himye that the said letter formed part of the ple}{ \insrsid16144142\charrsid13725644 adings and}{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 the same was tendered in evidence a}{\insrsid16144142\charrsid13725644 s}{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 exhibit }{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 P1}{ \i\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 . }{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 There was then no allegation from the learned counsel that the document had been forged and even if he had rais}{\insrsid16144142\charrsid13725644 ed such allegation which I find}{ \insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 he did not I am of the view that at that stage Mr. Nshimye could have proceeded under order }{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 16}{\i\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 }{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 rule 18 and have the pleadings amended. The court will of course refuse leave to amend where the amendment substantially would change the character of the action into one of substantially a different character See }{\b\ul\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 Releigh Vs. Gochan }{\b\ul\insrsid16144142\charrsid13725644 (}{\b\ul\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 1891}{\b\ul\insrsid16144142\charrsid13725644 ) 28 C}{\b\ul\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 h 73. 81}{\ul\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 or where the }{\insrsid16144142\charrsid13725644 amend}{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 ment would prejudice the rights of the opposite party existing at the date of the proposed amendment by for instance depriving him of a defence of limitation accrued since the issue of the right }{\b\ul\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 Weldon }{ \b\ul\insrsid16144142\charrsid13725644 vs.}{\b\ul\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 Neal }{\b\ul\insrsid16144142\charrsid13725644 (}{\b\ul\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 1871}{\b\ul\insrsid16144142\charrsid13725644 )}{ \b\ul\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 9}{\b\ul\insrsid16144142\charrsid13725644 }{\b\ul\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 QBD page 394.}{\ul\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 }{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 The main principle is ho}{ \insrsid13725644\charrsid13725644 wever that the amendment should be}{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 allowed where it causes }{\insrsid13725644\charrsid13725644 injustices}{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 to others. See also }{ \b\ul\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 David Kedi vs. Attorney General }{\b\ul\insrsid13725644\charrsid13725644 (}{\b\ul\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 1991}{\b\ul\insrsid13725644\charrsid13725644 )}{\b\i\ul\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 }{ \b\ul\insrsid13725644\charrsid13725644 HCB p. 110.}{\b\ul\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 }{\b\ul\insrsid13725644\charrsid13725644 Construction}{\b\ul\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 Engineers }{\b\ul\insrsid13725644\charrsid13725644 Builders Ltd}{ \b\ul\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 vs. Attorney}{\b\ul\insrsid13725644\charrsid13725644 General (1991) HCB p.56}{\b\ul\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 }{\b\ul\insrsid13725644\charrsid13725644 British Ind}{\b\ul\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 ia} {\b\ul\insrsid13725644\charrsid13725644 General}{\b\ul\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 Insurance Co. Ltd vs. G. M. Parmar and Co.}{\b\ul\insrsid13725644\charrsid13725644 [}{\b\ul\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 1966}{ \b\ul\insrsid13725644\charrsid13725644 ] EA p.122.}{\ul\insrsid13725644\charrsid13725644 \par }{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 In the instant case Mr.}{\insrsid13725644\charrsid13725644 Nshimye never bothered to seek }{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 leave to amend his written statement of defence by including in the pleading that EXP.}{ \insrsid13725644\charrsid13725644 1}{\i\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 }{\insrsid13725644\charrsid13725644 was a forgery. That amendment }{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 would not have changed the ch}{\insrsid13725644\charrsid13725644 aracter of the action into one }{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 o}{\insrsid13725644\charrsid13725644 f}{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 substantially, a different character}{\insrsid13725644\charrsid13725644 See }{ \b\insrsid13725644\charrsid13725644 R}{\b\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 aleigh }{\b\insrsid13725644\charrsid13725644 vs.}{\b\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 Gochan Supra}{\insrsid13725644\charrsid13725644 . }{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 Also the arrangement would not have prejudiced the right of }{\insrsid13725644\charrsid13725644 the}{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 opposite party existing at the time when this case came up for further hearing.}{\insrsid13725644\charrsid13725644 Mr. Nshimye could not the}{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 refore be heard to say }{\insrsid13725644\charrsid13725644 that Exp.1}{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 }{\insrsid13725644\charrsid13725644 was a forgery. \par }{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 In effect the pre1iminar}{\insrsid13725644\charrsid13725644 y}{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 }{\insrsid13725644\charrsid13725644 objection }{\insrsid13725644 by Mr. Nshimye offends against }{ \insrsid13725644\charrsid13725644 Order 6 Rule 6}{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 o}{\insrsid13725644\charrsid13725644 f the Civil Procedure Rul}{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 e}{\insrsid13725644\charrsid13725644 s}{ \insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 }{\insrsid13725644\charrsid13725644 in th}{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 at it w}{\insrsid13725644\charrsid13725644 as a clear departure from}{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 the original procee}{ \insrsid13725644\charrsid13725644 dings. A party is bound}{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 by }{\insrsid13725644\charrsid13725644 his pl}{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 ea}{\insrsid13725644\charrsid13725644 d}{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 ings }{\b\ul\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 Hassan }{\b\ul\insrsid13725644\charrsid13725644 Wasswa an}{\b\ul\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 d 9 }{\b\ul\insrsid13725644\charrsid13725644 ot}{\b\ul\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 hers }{ \b\i\ul\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 vs. }{\b\ul\insrsid13725644\charrsid13725644 Uganda Rayon Textiles (}{\b\ul\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 1982}{\b\ul\insrsid13725644\charrsid13725644 ) HCB}{\b\ul\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 }{ \b\ul\insrsid13725644\charrsid13725644 p}{\b\ul\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 .}{\b\ul\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 137}{\b\i\ul\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 .}{\i\ul\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 }{\i\insrsid13725644\charrsid13725644

\par }{\insrsid13725644\charrsid13725644 From}{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 what has transpired }{\insrsid13725644\charrsid13725644 above the preliminary }{\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 objection by Mr. Lutakome is upheld with costs. \par }\pard \s15\ql \li6480\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin6480\itap0\pararsid11614848 {\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 \par }{\b\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 I. MUKAZA \line }{\b\ul\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 JUDGE }{\b\insrsid11614848\charrsid13725644 \line 14.7.1994. \line \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11614848 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af36\hich\af36\dbch\af36\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs24\insrsid13725644\charrsid13725644

\par }}