Nantume Shamira v Kampala City Council & 2 Ors (Civil Suit No. 33 of 2007) [2009] UGCommC 8 (29 March 2009)

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.}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}} {\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8 \pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16142927 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\insrsid13574799\charrsid16142927 THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9400320 {\b\insrsid13574799\charrsid16142927 IN THE HIGH COURT OF UGANDA AT KAMPALA \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16142927 {\b\insrsid13574799\charrsid16142927 (COMMERCIAL DIVISION) \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9400320 {\b\insrsid13574799\charrsid16142927 HCT-OO-CC-CS-33 OF 2007 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16142927 {\b\insrsid13574799\charrsid16142927 \par NANTUME SHAMIRA:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::PLAINTIFF \par VS \par }{\b\insrsid9400320 \par }{\b\insrsid13574799\charrsid16142927 KAMPALA CITY COUNCIL & 2 OTHERS::::::::::::::DEFENDANT \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16142927 {\b\insrsid13574799\charrsid16142927 \par }{\b\ul\insrsid13574799\charrsid16142927 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9400320 {\b\ul\insrsid13574799\charrsid16142927 BEFORE: HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE ANUP SINGH CHOUDRY \par }{\b\charscalex150\insrsid6889910\charrsid16142927 J U D G M E N T}{\b\charscalex150\insrsid13574799\charrsid16142927 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16142927 {\insrsid8012615\charrsid16142927 \par }{\i\insrsid14551949\charrsid16142927 (Contractual }{\i\insrsid8012615\charrsid16142927 obligations with infants and toddlers are unenforceable in law,}{\i\insrsid14551949\charrsid16142927 and amount to }{\i\insrsid8012615\charrsid16142927 infringement of toddlers and infants human rights, punitive }{\i\insrsid14551949\charrsid16142927 damages against public body for breach of agreement and}{\i\insrsid8012615\charrsid16142927 tortuous acts, liability of children\rquote s guardians as trustees)}{\i\insrsid4472760\charrsid16142927 \par }\pard \qj \fi-360\li360\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid16142927 {\insrsid9379741\charrsid16142927 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16142927 {\insrsid1854594\charrsid16142927 This action is brought by the Plaintiff initially as a minor against the 1}{ \super\insrsid1854594\charrsid16142927 st}{\insrsid1854594\charrsid16142927 Defendant for breach of tenancy agreement dated 24.07.03 and also against the 2}{\super\insrsid1854594\charrsid16142927 nd}{\insrsid1854594\charrsid16142927 and 3}{ \super\insrsid1854594\charrsid16142927 rd}{\insrsid1854594\charrsid16142927 Defendant also minors}{\insrsid8474004\charrsid16142927 for fraudulent acquisition of the tenancy of 2 shops in Nakivubo Kampala}{\insrsid1854594\charrsid16142927 . The action is brought against all the 3 Defendants jointly and severally. \par \par The 2}{\super\insrsid1854594\charrsid16142927 nd}{\insrsid1854594\charrsid16142927 and 3}{\super\insrsid1854594\charrsid16142927 rd}{\insrsid1854594\charrsid16142927 Defendant\rquote s legal representatives did not make any application for the 2}{ \super\insrsid1854594\charrsid16142927 nd}{\insrsid1854594\charrsid16142927 and 3}{\super\insrsid1854594\charrsid16142927 rd}{\insrsid1854594\charrsid16142927 Defendant as minors to be sued throug}{\insrsid8474004\charrsid16142927 h their Guardian ad litum}{\insrsid1854594\charrsid16142927 and hence the minor have been sued individually i.e. the toddler and the infant. \par }\pard \qj \fi-360\li360\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid16142927 {\insrsid1854594\charrsid16142927 \par }{\b\i\insrsid8474004\charrsid16142927 The Plaintiff seeks the following orders:}{\b\i\insrsid1854594\charrsid16142927 \par }{\insrsid6889910\charrsid16142927 1. }{\insrsid14757201\charrsid16142927 The purported sale }{\insrsid6889910\charrsid16142927 of Lock up shops D035 and D036 }{\insrsid15615232\charrsid16142927 Nakivubo Road, Kisekka Market, Kampala }{ \insrsid2637306\charrsid16142927 on}{\insrsid5537738\charrsid16142927 }{\insrsid13323914\charrsid16142927 12.04}{\insrsid5537738\charrsid16142927 .}{\insrsid13323914\charrsid16142927 04 }{\insrsid2637306\charrsid16142927 between }{ \insrsid14757201\charrsid16142927 the Plaintiff and 2}{\super\insrsid14757201\charrsid16142927 nd}{\insrsid14757201\charrsid16142927 and 3}{\super\insrsid14757201\charrsid16142927 rd}{\insrsid14757201\charrsid16142927 Defendant is void and/or invalid for fraud.}{\insrsid6889910\charrsid16142927 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16142927 {\insrsid6889910\charrsid16142927 \par }\pard \qj \fi-540\li540\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin540\itap0\pararsid16142927 {\insrsid6889910\charrsid16142927 2. A}{\insrsid14757201\charrsid16142927 n order that subsequent tenancy agreement between 1}{ \super\insrsid14757201\charrsid16142927 st}{\insrsid14757201\charrsid16142927 Defendant and 2}{\super\insrsid14757201\charrsid16142927 nd}{\insrsid14757201\charrsid16142927 & 3}{\super\insrsid14757201\charrsid16142927 rd}{ \insrsid7210089\charrsid16142927 D}{\insrsid14757201\charrsid16142927 efendant}{\insrsid7210089\charrsid16142927 s }{\insrsid11217973\charrsid16142927 is null and void as it was based on false representation and for the }{ \insrsid6889910\charrsid16142927 cancellation }{\insrsid11217973\charrsid16142927 of the}{\insrsid6889910\charrsid16142927 said agreement. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16142927 {\insrsid6889910\charrsid16142927 \par }\pard \qj \fi-360\li360\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid16142927 {\insrsid6889910\charrsid16142927 3. }{\insrsid11217973\charrsid16142927 Compensation in the sum of 80,000,000 Shillings, }{ \insrsid8012615\charrsid16142927 general }{\insrsid11217973\charrsid16142927 damage}{\insrsid7210089\charrsid16142927 s}{\insrsid11217973\charrsid16142927 ,}{\insrsid8012615\charrsid16142927 punitive damages,}{\insrsid11217973\charrsid16142927 costs and Interest. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16142927 {\insrsid12912327\charrsid16142927 \par }{\b\insrsid12912327\charrsid16142927 PLAINTIFF\rquote S CASE: \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12912327\charrsid16142927 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-405\li765\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar \jclisttab\tx765\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin765\itap0\pararsid16142927 {\insrsid12912327\charrsid16142927 That on the 29}{\super\insrsid12912327\charrsid16142927 th}{\insrsid12912327\charrsid16142927 day of May 2003 the Plaintiff and the 1}{\super\insrsid12912327\charrsid16142927 st}{\insrsid12912327\charrsid16142927 Defendant execut}{\insrsid6889910\charrsid16142927 ed a written agreement under which the lockup shops }{ \insrsid7210089\charrsid16142927 No}{\insrsid6889910\charrsid16142927 . D}{\insrsid12912327\charrsid16142927 035 and D036 were sold to the Plaintiff, for a period of 12 years}{\insrsid7210089\charrsid16142927 .}{\insrsid12912327\charrsid16142927

\par }\pard \qj \li360\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid16142927 {\insrsid12912327\charrsid16142927 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12912327\charrsid16142927 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-405\li765\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar \jclisttab\tx765\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin765\itap0\pararsid16142927 {\insrsid12912327\charrsid16142927 The Plaintiff thereafter let the lock up shop No. D035 and D036 to one }{\insrsid4541541\charrsid16142927 Mr. }{ \insrsid12912327\charrsid16142927 Katende. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16142927 {\insrsid15091589\charrsid16142927 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12912327\charrsid16142927 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-405\li765\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar \jclisttab\tx765\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin765\itap0\pararsid16142927 {\insrsid12912327\charrsid16142927 That whilst the said tenancy was subsisting, sometime in September 2004, the Plaintiff lost all her documents, log books and other essential items necessary to prove her proprietorship of the lock up shops/premises. The Plaintiff then reported the said loss}{\insrsid340048\charrsid16142927 to the 1}{\super\insrsid340048\charrsid16142927 st}{\insrsid340048\charrsid16142927 Defendant seeking its indulgence that no dealings should be carried out in respect of the said lock up shop.}{\insrsid12912327\charrsid16142927 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16142927 {\insrsid8474004\charrsid16142927 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid340048\charrsid16142927 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 4.\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-405\li765\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar \jclisttab\tx765\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin765\itap0\pararsid16142927 {\insrsid340048\charrsid16142927 That to the Plaintiff\rquote s surprise, on demand for rent payment from the said Katende to whom she had let the lock up shop, she learnt that the 1}{\super\insrsid340048\charrsid16142927 st}{\insrsid340048\charrsid16142927 Defendant had entered into anoth er tenancy agreement relating to the same lock up shops with the 2}{\super\insrsid340048\charrsid16142927 nd}{\insrsid340048\charrsid16142927 and 3}{\super\insrsid340048\charrsid16142927 rd}{\insrsid340048\charrsid16142927 Defendant having transferred ownership from the Plaintiff to the 2}{\super\insrsid340048\charrsid16142927 nd}{\insrsid340048\charrsid16142927 and 3}{\super\insrsid340048\charrsid16142927 rd}{\insrsid340048\charrsid16142927 Defendant without any justification. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16142927 {\insrsid340048\charrsid16142927 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4541541\charrsid16142927 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 5.\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-405\li765\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar \jclisttab\tx765\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin765\itap0\pararsid16142927 {\insrsid4541541\charrsid16142927 T}{\insrsid340048\charrsid16142927 hat the Plaintiff being unaware of the aforestated developments went on to obtain an order for distress to dist}{\insrsid2637306\charrsid16142927 r}{\insrsid340048\charrsid16142927 ain for the unpaid rent only to}{\insrsid13323914\charrsid16142927 learn}{\insrsid340048\charrsid16142927 that the 1}{ \super\insrsid340048\charrsid16142927 st}{\insrsid340048\charrsid16142927 Defendant had let the premises/lock up shops to the 2}{\super\insrsid340048\charrsid16142927 nd}{\insrsid340048\charrsid16142927 and 3}{\super\insrsid340048\charrsid16142927 rd}{ \insrsid340048\charrsid16142927 Defendant}{\insrsid7210089\charrsid16142927 s}{\insrsid5537738\charrsid16142927 .}{\insrsid340048\charrsid16142927 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16142927 {\insrsid7210089\charrsid16142927 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid340048\charrsid16142927 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 6.\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-405\li765\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar \jclisttab\tx765\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin765\itap0\pararsid16142927 {\insrsid340048\charrsid16142927 That on further inquiry and confrontation with }{\insrsid14551949\charrsid16142927 t}{\insrsid340048\charrsid16142927 he 1}{ \super\insrsid340048\charrsid16142927 st}{\insrsid340048\charrsid16142927 Defendant pertaining }{\insrsid5537738\charrsid16142927 to }{\insrsid340048\charrsid16142927 the matter, the Plaintiff discovered that the 1}{\super\insrsid340048\charrsid16142927 st}{\insrsid340048\charrsid16142927 Defendant had negligently relied on forged sale agreements that were p}{\insrsid5537738\charrsid16142927 resented by the father of}{\insrsid6181739\charrsid16142927 the 2}{\super\insrsid6181739\charrsid16142927 nd}{ \insrsid6181739\charrsid16142927 and 3}{\super\insrsid6181739\charrsid16142927 rd}{\insrsid6181739\charrsid16142927 Defendant, without any proof of its authencity or due diligence that the Plaintiff had indeed been genuinely been involved in the alleged sale despite}{\insrsid4541541\charrsid16142927 prior warning and notice to it}{\insrsid6181739\charrsid16142927 by the Plaintiff.}{\insrsid340048\charrsid16142927 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16142927 {\insrsid6181739\charrsid16142927 \par }{\b\insrsid7210089\charrsid16142927 FIRST DEFENDANT\rquote }{\b\insrsid6181739\charrsid16142927 S CASE:}{\b\insrsid5537738\charrsid16142927 }{\b\insrsid4541541\charrsid16142927 (hereafter to be called Kampala City Council KCC)}{ \b\insrsid6181739\charrsid16142927 \par }{\insrsid6181739\charrsid16142927 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6181739\charrsid16142927 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar \jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16142927 {\insrsid6181739\charrsid16142927 The Plaintiff has no cause of action against the 1}{\super\insrsid6181739\charrsid16142927 st}{\insrsid6181739\charrsid16142927 Defendant. \par }\pard \qj \li360\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid16142927 {\insrsid6181739\charrsid16142927 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6181739\charrsid16142927 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar \jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16142927 {\insrsid6181739\charrsid16142927 The 1}{\super\insrsid6181739\charrsid16142927 st}{\insrsid6181739\charrsid16142927 D efendant was not a party to the alleged sale of the Plaintiff\rquote s stalls. The sale was merely referred to it later in the ordinary course of business to note the names of the new tenants in its records. Therefore, this action against the 1}{ \super\insrsid6181739\charrsid16142927 st}{\insrsid6181739\charrsid16142927 defendant is misconceived and has been brought against a wrong party. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16142927 {\insrsid6181739\charrsid16142927 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6181739\charrsid16142927 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar \jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16142927 {\insrsid6181739\charrsid16142927 The 1}{\super\insrsid6181739\charrsid16142927 st}{\insrsid6181739\charrsid16142927 Defendant denies ever having let the suit premises to anybody as claimed in the plaint or at all. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6181739\charrsid16142927 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 4.\tab}The alleged negligence and fraud leveled against the 1}{\super\insrsid6181739\charrsid16142927 st}{ \insrsid6181739\charrsid16142927 Defendant by the Plaintiff is denied. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16142927 {\insrsid6181739\charrsid16142927 \par }{\b\insrsid6181739\charrsid16142927 2}{\b\super\insrsid6181739\charrsid16142927 nd}{\b\insrsid6181739\charrsid16142927 and 3}{\b\super\insrsid6181739\charrsid16142927 rd}{\b\insrsid7210089\charrsid16142927 DEFENDANT}{\b\insrsid6181739\charrsid16142927 S}{\b\insrsid7210089\charrsid16142927 \rquote }{\b\insrsid6181739\charrsid16142927 CASE: \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6181739\charrsid16142927 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar \jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16142927 {\insrsid6181739\charrsid16142927 The Plaintiff\rquote s suit does not }{\insrsid9401477\charrsid16142927 disclose a reasonable cause of action against the 2}{ \super\insrsid9401477\charrsid16142927 nd}{\insrsid9401477\charrsid16142927 and 3}{\super\insrsid9401477\charrsid16142927 rd}{\insrsid9401477\charrsid16142927 Defendant. \par }\pard \qj \li360\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid16142927 {\insrsid9401477\charrsid16142927 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6181739\charrsid16142927 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar \jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16142927 {\insrsid6181739\charrsid16142927 }{\insrsid9401477\charrsid16142927 The Plaintiff\rquote s suit is for unjust enrichment and as such it ought to be rejected.}{ \insrsid6181739\charrsid16142927 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16142927 {\insrsid9401477\charrsid16142927 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9401477\charrsid16142927 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar \jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16142927 {\insrsid9401477\charrsid16142927 The 2}{\super\insrsid9401477\charrsid16142927 nd}{\insrsid9401477\charrsid16142927 and 3}{\super\insrsid9401477\charrsid16142927 rd}{\insrsid9401477\charrsid16142927 Defendants aver and contend that the 1}{\super\insrsid9401477\charrsid16142927 st}{\insrsid9401477\charrsid16142927 Defendant lawfully rented the suit premises to the 2}{\super\insrsid9401477\charrsid16142927 nd}{ \insrsid9401477\charrsid16142927 and 3}{\super\insrsid9401477\charrsid16142927 rd}{\insrsid9401477\charrsid16142927 Defendants acquired the suit premises as bonafide tenants of the 1}{\super\insrsid9401477\charrsid16142927 st}{ \insrsid9401477\charrsid16142927 Defendant without notice of the Plaintiff\rquote s purported prior interest having lawfully acquired the same from the Plaintiff by virtue of sale agreements both dated 19}{\super\insrsid9401477\charrsid16142927 th}{ \insrsid9401477\charrsid16142927 April 2004 at a valuable consideration of an aggregate sum of UGX 30,000,000 (thirty million shillings only) all of which was paid to the Plaintiff receipt whereof the Plaintiff duly acknowled ged. (Copies of the Sale Agreements are annexed hereto and marked}{\insrsid4472760\charrsid16142927 Annexures \'93C\'94 and \'93D}{\insrsid9401477\charrsid16142927 \'94 and copies of the Tenancy Agreements between the 1}{ \super\insrsid9401477\charrsid16142927 st}{\insrsid9401477\charrsid16142927 Defendant and the 2}{\super\insrsid9401477\charrsid16142927 nd}{\insrsid9401477\charrsid16142927 and 3}{\super\insrsid9401477\charrsid16142927 rd}{ \insrsid9401477\charrsid16142927 Defendants are }{\insrsid4472760\charrsid16142927 annexed hereto and marked Annex}{\insrsid9401477\charrsid16142927 ures \'93E\'94 and \'93F\'94 respectively. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16142927 {\insrsid9401477\charrsid16142927 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9401477\charrsid16142927 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 4.\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar \jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16142927 {\insrsid9401477\charrsid16142927 The 2}{\super\insrsid9401477\charrsid16142927 nd}{\insrsid9401477\charrsid16142927 and 3}{\super\insrsid9401477\charrsid16142927 rd}{\insrsid9401477\charrsid16142927 Defendants do aver and contend that the Plaintiff having lawfully sold her interest in the suit premises to the 2}{\super\insrsid9401477\charrsid16142927 nd}{\insrsid9401477\charrsid16142927 and 3}{ \super\insrsid9401477\charrsid16142927 rd}{\insrsid9401477\charrsid16142927 Defendant she is estopped from asserting ownership of the said suit premises. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16142927 {\insrsid4541541\charrsid16142927 \par }{\insrsid1854594\charrsid16142927 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16142927 {\b\charscalex150\insrsid4541541\charrsid16142927 R}{\b\charscalex150\insrsid8552172\charrsid16142927 }{ \b\charscalex150\insrsid4541541\charrsid16142927 U}{\b\charscalex150\insrsid8552172\charrsid16142927 }{\b\charscalex150\insrsid4541541\charrsid16142927 L}{\b\charscalex150\insrsid8552172\charrsid16142927 }{ \b\charscalex150\insrsid4541541\charrsid16142927 I}{\b\charscalex150\insrsid8552172\charrsid16142927 }{\b\charscalex150\insrsid4541541\charrsid16142927 N}{\b\charscalex150\insrsid8552172\charrsid16142927 }{ \b\charscalex150\insrsid4541541\charrsid16142927 G \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16142927 {\b\charscalex150\insrsid8012615\charrsid16142927 \par }{\insrsid8012615\charrsid16142927 At the scheduling Conference the issue was whether agreements signed by the Plaintiff with 2}{\super\insrsid8012615\charrsid16142927 nd}{\insrsid8012615\charrsid16142927 and 3}{\super\insrsid8012615\charrsid16142927 rd} {\insrsid8012615\charrsid16142927 Defendant}{\insrsid7210089\charrsid16142927 s}{\insrsid8012615\charrsid16142927 were fraudulently procured. The validity of the Plaintiff agreement with the 1}{\super\insrsid8012615\charrsid16142927 st}{ \insrsid8012615\charrsid16142927 Defendant on 29}{\super\insrsid8012615\charrsid16142927 th}{\insrsid8012615\charrsid16142927 May 2003 was not an issue. \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16142927 {\b\charscalex150\insrsid14092356\charrsid16142927 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16142927 {\insrsid7284170\charrsid16142927 At the behest}{\insrsid1388794\charrsid16142927 of the court a joint handwritin g expert was engaged to provide a report to establish if the signatures on the sale agreements (annexture C & D) were signed by the Plaintiff. Th}{\insrsid7210089\charrsid16142927 e report produced by Mr. Ntarii}{\insrsid1388794\charrsid16142927 r}{ \insrsid7210089\charrsid16142927 wa}{\insrsid1388794\charrsid16142927 Principal Government Analyst of Government Analytical Laboratory dated 29}{\super\insrsid1388794\charrsid16142927 th}{\insrsid1388794\charrsid16142927 October 2008, concluded in the negative. These agreements dated 19}{\super\insrsid1388794\charrsid16142927 th}{\insrsid1388794\charrsid16142927 April 2004 (annexure C & D) were fake and the Plaintiff\rquote s signature was forged. }{ \insrsid4541541\charrsid16142927 \par }{\insrsid1388794\charrsid16142927 \par Likewise the tenancy agreement between }{\insrsid8670449\charrsid16142927 Kampala City Council}{\insrsid1388794\charrsid16142927 and 2}{\super\insrsid1388794\charrsid16142927 nd}{\insrsid1388794\charrsid16142927 and 3}{ \super\insrsid1388794\charrsid16142927 rd}{\insrsid8012615\charrsid16142927 Defendant\rquote s Victor Kaisin}{\insrsid1388794\charrsid16142927 ga & Gensia Beateta respectively were forgeries because these agreements are dated }{ \insrsid13323914\charrsid16142927 1}{\super\insrsid13323914\charrsid16142927 st}{\insrsid13323914\charrsid16142927 }{\insrsid8012615\charrsid16142927 August}{\insrsid1388794\charrsid16142927 1999 five years before the purported sale of the shops by the Plaintiff (annexture C & D). \par \par The tenancy agreement was signed by and on behalf}{\insrsid11944613\charrsid16142927 }{\insrsid8670449\charrsid16142927 Kampala City Council}{\insrsid11944613\charrsid16142927 by its Town Clerk on 10}{\super\insrsid11944613\charrsid16142927 th}{ \insrsid11944613\charrsid16142927 July 2006 over 2 years after the }{\insrsid2637306\charrsid16142927 purported sale by the Plaintiff; and 7 years after the purported transfer }{\insrsid15008856\charrsid16142927 to the 2}{ \super\insrsid15008856\charrsid16142927 nd}{\insrsid15008856\charrsid16142927 and 3}{\super\insrsid15008856\charrsid16142927 rd}{\insrsid15008856\charrsid16142927 def}{\insrsid8474004\charrsid16142927 endants by Kampala City council in 1999.}{ \insrsid1388794\charrsid16142927 \par }{\insrsid11944613\charrsid16142927 \par It is quite extra ordinary that the tenancy agreement with }{\insrsid8670449\charrsid16142927 Kampala City Council}{\insrsid11944613\charrsid16142927 was signed on }{\insrsid13323914\charrsid16142927 1}{\super\insrsid13323914\charrsid16142927 st}{ \insrsid13323914\charrsid16142927 August }{\insrsid11944613\charrsid16142927 1999 with the 2}{\super\insrsid11944613\charrsid16142927 nd}{\insrsid11944613\charrsid16142927 and 3}{\super\insrsid11944613\charrsid16142927 rd}{ \insrsid11944613\charrsid16142927 Defendant}{\insrsid7210089\charrsid16142927 s}{\insrsid11944613\charrsid16142927 before the}{\insrsid5537738\charrsid16142927 y}{\insrsid11944613\charrsid16142927 were born. Date of birth of the 1}{ \super\insrsid11944613\charrsid16142927 st}{\insrsid13323914\charrsid16142927 Defendant is 30.06.}{\insrsid16667082\charrsid16142927 20}{\insrsid13323914\charrsid16142927 01 }{\insrsid8917261\charrsid16142927 and of}{\insrsid11944613\charrsid16142927 the 2}{\super\insrsid11944613\charrsid16142927 nd}{\insrsid11944613\charrsid16142927 Defend}{\insrsid5537738\charrsid16142927 ant is 12.04. 04. The }{\insrsid8670449\charrsid16142927 Kampala City Council}{\insrsid5537738\charrsid16142927 pleaded}{ \insrsid11944613\charrsid16142927 case is that they never let the suit premises to anyone and }{\insrsid5537738\charrsid16142927 that all they did was to record}{\insrsid11944613\charrsid16142927 the details of the tenancy.}{ \insrsid13323914\charrsid16142927 }{\insrsid3503322\charrsid16142927 \par \par The tenancy with}{\insrsid14551949\charrsid16142927 the Plaintiff was signed by old Kampala Market Management C}{\insrsid3503322\charrsid16142927 ommittee. I believe the committee was part of the Kampala City Council that was del}{ \insrsid14551949\charrsid16142927 egated for the purpose of signing}{\insrsid3503322\charrsid16142927 leases with the tenants for the stalls which belonged to the council. A copy of this tenancy agreement with the Plaintiff was also procured from the Council records. I therefore}{\insrsid15341407\charrsid16142927 }{\insrsid14551949\charrsid16142927 do not accept that no}{\insrsid3503322\charrsid16142927 tenancy was signed by the }{\insrsid8670449\charrsid16142927 Kampala City Council}{\insrsid3503322\charrsid16142927 when the}{\insrsid14551949\charrsid16142927 y}{\insrsid3503322\charrsid16142927 signed the alleged }{\insrsid15341407\charrsid16142927 tenancy }{\insrsid14551949\charrsid16142927 agree}{\insrsid2637306\charrsid16142927 ment}{\insrsid14551949\charrsid16142927 }{\insrsid15341407\charrsid16142927 with the 2}{ \super\insrsid15341407\charrsid16142927 nd}{\insrsid15341407\charrsid16142927 and 3}{\super\insrsid15341407\charrsid16142927 rd}{\insrsid15341407\charrsid16142927 Defendant}{\insrsid7210089\charrsid16142927 s}{\insrsid15341407\charrsid16142927 dated 1} {\super\insrsid15341407\charrsid16142927 st}{\insrsid15341407\charrsid16142927 August 1999.}{\insrsid3503322\charrsid16142927 \par }{\insrsid15341407\charrsid16142927 \par The Plaintiff on 6}{\super\insrsid15341407\charrsid16142927 th}{\insrsid8670449\charrsid16142927 September 2004 notified Kampala City Council o}{\insrsid15341407\charrsid16142927 f the loss of the original document of lockup shops D035 and D036. }{ \insrsid14551949\charrsid16142927 The }{\insrsid8670449\charrsid16142927 Kampala City Council}{\insrsid15341407\charrsid16142927 was put on Notice and they acted with reckless disregard of instruction from the bonafide tenant and granted fresh tenancy to 2}{\super\insrsid15341407\charrsid16142927 nd}{\insrsid15341407\charrsid16142927 and 3}{ \super\insrsid15341407\charrsid16142927 rd}{\insrsid15341407\charrsid16142927 }{\insrsid2637306\charrsid16142927 Defendants and or recorded it }{\insrsid15341407\charrsid16142927 (See agreement dated 1}{\super\insrsid15341407\charrsid16142927 st}{ \insrsid15341407\charrsid16142927 August 1999). \par }{\insrsid14551949\charrsid16142927 \par In the absence of any challenge to the signatories to the tenancy agreement dated 1}{\super\insrsid14551949\charrsid16142927 st}{\insrsid14551949\charrsid16142927 August 1999, the court must c}{\insrsid7210089\charrsid16142927 onclude that Kampala City Counci}{\insrsid14551949\charrsid16142927 l was a signatory which signature was signed by the Town Clerk and duly witnessed on the document that was clearly a forgery. \par }{\insrsid15341407\charrsid16142927 \par Their feeble argument that they simply recorded and registered the new tenancy without checking the title or}{\insrsid2637306\charrsid16142927 adhering to the instruction from an individual}{\insrsid15341407\charrsid16142927 amounted to failure of their duty of care and }{\insrsid14551949\charrsid16142927 arbitrary }{\insrsid15341407\charrsid16142927 breach of the valid tenancy agreement entered into with the Plaintiff}{\insrsid8397626\charrsid16142927 without any justification}{\insrsid15341407\charrsid16142927 .}{\insrsid9789653\charrsid16142927 The Council clearly facilitated the fraud by their negligence. \par }{\insrsid3503322\charrsid16142927 \par }{\insrsid13323914\charrsid16142927 The 2}{\super\insrsid13323914\charrsid16142927 nd}{\insrsid13323914\charrsid16142927 and 3}{\super\insrsid13323914\charrsid16142927 rd}{\insrsid8012615\charrsid16142927 Defendant}{\insrsid7210089\charrsid16142927 s}{ \insrsid8012615\charrsid16142927 pleaded}{\insrsid13323914\charrsid16142927 case that they were bonafide }{\insrsid14551949\charrsid16142927 purchasers is not substantiated because the document is a forgery.}{\insrsid11944613\charrsid16142927 \par }{\insrsid16667082\charrsid16142927 \par }{\insrsid11944613\charrsid16142927 During the pr}{\insrsid272565\charrsid16142927 oceedings the court also raise}{\insrsid8012615\charrsid16142927 d}{\insrsid272565\charrsid16142927 }{\insrsid11944613\charrsid16142927 a preliminary point }{ \insrsid14684348\charrsid16142927 of law as to whether the parties}{\insrsid11944613\charrsid16142927 had the capacity to enter}{\insrsid8917261\charrsid16142927 i}{\insrsid8012615\charrsid16142927 nto}{\insrsid14684348\charrsid16142927 a tenancy and sale }{\insrsid8012615\charrsid16142927 agreement}{\insrsid14684348\charrsid16142927 s}{\insrsid8012615\charrsid16142927 and whether}{\insrsid11944613\charrsid16142927 such agreements between minors were enforceable or not. \par \par At the time when }{\insrsid7210089\charrsid16142927 t}{\insrsid11944613\charrsid16142927 he said purported sale }{\insrsid272565\charrsid16142927 agreement}{\insrsid11944613\charrsid16142927 was signed on 19}{\super\insrsid11944613\charrsid16142927 th}{ \insrsid11944613\charrsid16142927 April 2004 Victor}{\insrsid8917261\charrsid16142927 K}{\insrsid13323914\charrsid16142927 asingha was one}{\insrsid272565\charrsid16142927 week old and the 2}{\super\insrsid272565\charrsid16142927 nd}{ \insrsid272565\charrsid16142927 }{\insrsid8917261\charrsid16142927 Defendant Gensia}{\insrsid272565\charrsid16142927 Baateta was 2 years 9 month o}{\insrsid8917261\charrsid16142927 ld. The Plaintiff herself was 15}{\insrsid272565\charrsid16142927 years old.}{\insrsid11944613\charrsid16142927 \par }{\insrsid8917261\charrsid16142927 \par }{\insrsid1854594\charrsid16142927 Both D}{\insrsid272565\charrsid16142927 efendants\rquote counsels put forward skeleton arguments and submitted that the Plaintiff was 17 years and 9 months old when she filed the claim on 16}{ \super\insrsid272565\charrsid16142927 th}{\insrsid8397626\charrsid16142927 July 2007as a minor.}{\insrsid272565\charrsid16142927 \par \par Order 32 R 1(1) of the Civil Procedure Rules S1 71-1 provides that every suit by a minor should be instituted in her/his next of friend and the suit should be struck out in accordance with order 32 r2 of the CPR. \par \par This is a bad point. The minor never disaffirmed the agreement before or after the age of 18 (Under }{\insrsid8917261\charrsid16142927 Sec. 2 of Children\rquote s Act CAP 59}{\insrsid272565\charrsid16142927 a child is a person under the age of 18}{ \insrsid8917261\charrsid16142927 )}{\insrsid272565\charrsid16142927 and in fact she ratified the agreement by going ahead with the suit. The Defendants ought to have challenged issues of propriety when the proceedings were issued}{ \insrsid266844\charrsid16142927 and even then any procedural defect could h}{\insrsid7210089\charrsid16142927 ave been cured under Article 126}{\insrsid266844\charrsid16142927 (2).}{\insrsid272565\charrsid16142927 \par }{\insrsid1854594\charrsid16142927 \par The legal representatives of the }{\insrsid1783358\charrsid16142927 2}{\super\insrsid1783358\charrsid16142927 nd}{\insrsid1783358\charrsid16142927 }{\insrsid1854594\charrsid16142927 and }{\insrsid1783358\charrsid16142927 3}{ \super\insrsid1783358\charrsid16142927 rd}{\insrsid1783358\charrsid16142927 }{\insrsid1854594\charrsid16142927 Defendants equally chose for the minors not to be }{\insrsid8552172\charrsid16142927 sued through}{\insrsid8474004\charrsid16142927 their Guardian ad litum}{\insrsid1854594\charrsid16142927 . \par }{\insrsid266844\charrsid16142927 Different jurisdictions around the world have taken }{\insrsid8917261\charrsid16142927 the view }{\insrsid11542258\charrsid16142927 that minors can enter into agreements, can sue or be sued, and minors are children under the age of 18. The minor would include teenagers (13-18) in}{\insrsid8917261\charrsid16142927 fants}{\insrsid11542258\charrsid16142927 below 12 }{ \insrsid13323914\charrsid16142927 years }{\insrsid11542258\charrsid16142927 and t}{\insrsid1854594\charrsid16142927 oddlers below 12 months old. }{\insrsid4719385\charrsid16142927 In Uganda the matter is dealt with in the contract Act and Section 3(2) states that the term infant and minor shall refer to those who do not attain the age of 18 years. }{\insrsid1854594\charrsid16142927 This}{\insrsid11542258\charrsid16142927 case concerns a }{\insrsid3503322\charrsid16142927 one week }{\insrsid11542258\charrsid16142927 todd}{\insrsid8917261\charrsid16142927 ler }{\insrsid3353912\charrsid16142927 and }{\insrsid3503322\charrsid16142927 an infant}{ \insrsid13323914\charrsid16142927 }{\insrsid8917261\charrsid16142927 and in my view it is questionable }{\insrsid11542258\charrsid16142927 whether a toddler can enter into contractual obligation or able to resolve any matter arising out of contractual disputes.}{\insrsid3503322\charrsid16142927 Any}{\insrsid8397626\charrsid16142927 right thinking person}{\insrsid3503322\charrsid16142927 will accept that.}{\insrsid266844\charrsid16142927 \par }\pard \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16142927 {\i\insrsid11542258\charrsid16142927 A toddler cannot walk \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16142927 {\i\insrsid11542258\charrsid16142927 \tab A toddler cannot talk \par \tab A toddler cannot write \par \tab A toddler cannot bite \par \tab A toddler cannot read \par \tab A toddler cannot by themselves feed \par \tab A toddler cannot sit \par \tab }{\i\insrsid8917261\charrsid16142927 T}{\i\insrsid11542258\charrsid16142927 oddler}{\i\insrsid8917261\charrsid16142927 s}{\i\insrsid11542258\charrsid16142927 cannot by themselves eat \par \tab A toddler has personal rights \par \tab A toddler cannot fight \par \tab A toddler has a choice}{\i\insrsid3746696\charrsid16142927 \par }{\i\insrsid13323914\charrsid16142927 \tab A toddler under the}{\i\insrsid3746696\charrsid16142927 human rights can make}{\i\insrsid3353912\charrsid16142927 a}{\i\insrsid3746696\charrsid16142927 }{\i\insrsid3503322\charrsid16142927 noise}{ \i\insrsid3746696\charrsid16142927 .}{\i\insrsid11542258\charrsid16142927 \par }\pard \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16142927 {\i\insrsid14971534\charrsid16142927 Those who bind the toddler to an agreement}{\i\insrsid3746696\charrsid16142927 . \par M}{\i\insrsid14971534\charrsid16142927 ay well have to repent. \par }{\i\insrsid3746696\charrsid16142927 For a toddler}{\i\insrsid3503322\charrsid16142927 on reach}{\i\insrsid8397626\charrsid16142927 ing of}{\i\insrsid3503322\charrsid16142927 age}{\i\insrsid3746696\charrsid16142927 can bring }{ \i\insrsid14971534\charrsid16142927 to rest}{\i\insrsid3746696\charrsid16142927 . \par What is for him}{\i\insrsid13323914\charrsid16142927 /her}{\i\insrsid3746696\charrsid16142927 the best}{\i\insrsid14971534\charrsid16142927 . \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16142927 {\insrsid3746696\charrsid16142927 \par }{\insrsid14971534\charrsid16142927 I take the view that preced}{\insrsid16470026\charrsid16142927 ents on}{\insrsid3746696\charrsid16142927 minors need to be reviewed}{\insrsid14971534\charrsid16142927 in the light of human rights}{ \insrsid3746696\charrsid16142927 legislation and particularly in}{\insrsid14971534\charrsid16142927 area of contractual disputes and most certainly relating to toddlers. \par \par To think that a toddler can enter into an agreement is tantamount to entering into }{\insrsid3353912\charrsid16142927 no agreement}{\insrsid13323914\charrsid16142927 . W}{\insrsid16470026\charrsid16142927 hether a contract }{ \insrsid16667082\charrsid16142927 with toddlers}{\insrsid14971534\charrsid16142927 can be beneficial t}{\insrsid16470026\charrsid16142927 o them or for their}{\insrsid14971534\charrsid16142927 permanent benefit is again a matter of opinion }{ \insrsid16470026\charrsid16142927 because the purported contract}{\insrsid14971534\charrsid16142927 may well be to their detriment. And which the toddler may need to defend. In the in}{\insrsid7210089\charrsid16142927 stant}{ \insrsid4547016\charrsid16142927 case a tenancy for 12 years cannot be for the p}{\insrsid7210089\charrsid16142927 ermanent benefit of the toddler, n}{\insrsid15236562\charrsid16142927 o}{\insrsid3353912\charrsid16142927 r}{ \insrsid8397626\charrsid16142927 can it be }{\insrsid15236562\charrsid16142927 said}{\insrsid13323914\charrsid16142927 that it is beneficial }{\insrsid4547016\charrsid16142927 to the toddler. A commercial transaction on behalf o}{ \insrsid15236562\charrsid16142927 f the toddler may well be to his}{\insrsid4547016\charrsid16142927 /her detriment}{\insrsid3353912\charrsid16142927 as in this case.}{\insrsid15236562\charrsid16142927 \par }{\insrsid11232025\charrsid16142927 \par In my view the minor\rquote s contractual obligations and their rights under the Human Rights Legislation can only be }{\insrsid8397626\charrsid16142927 resolved }{\insrsid11232025\charrsid16142927 if the test applied is that of }{ \insrsid8466901\charrsid16142927 choice }{\insrsid11232025\charrsid16142927 or right to express his or her view as stated in Article 12 of the Convention on the Rights of the child (1989) which states that: \par }{\insrsid8552172\charrsid16142927 \par }\pard \qj \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16142927 {\i\insrsid11232025\charrsid16142927 \'93 Parties shall assure to the child who is capable of forming his or her own view the right to express that view freely in all matters affecting the child, the views of the child being given due weight in accordance with the age and maturity of the child. \'94 \par \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16142927 {\insrsid11232025\charrsid16142927 If the child lacked the capacity to choose or give a view, he}{\insrsid8397626\charrsid16142927 or she cannot be a party to an}{\insrsid11232025\charrsid16142927 agreement and suit agreement would be void. To impose an agreement on the minor would be an infringement of their human rights. In }{\insrsid8466901\charrsid16142927 circumstances}{ \insrsid11232025\charrsid16142927 where an action is detrimental to the }{\insrsid8397626\charrsid16142927 minor\rquote s interest the liability sh}{\insrsid11232025\charrsid16142927 ould be enforced against the legal Guardian as trustees of the child and not the minors; on whose name the }{\insrsid8466901\charrsid16142927 contractual}{\insrsid11232025\charrsid16142927 obligation arose. \par }{\insrsid8397626\charrsid16142927 \par }{\insrsid4719385\charrsid16142927 The sale agreement dated 1}{\super\insrsid4719385\charrsid16142927 st}{\insrsid4719385\charrsid16142927 April 2004 between the 3 minors was fraudulently procured. The father of the 2}{ \super\insrsid4719385\charrsid16142927 nd}{\insrsid4719385\charrsid16142927 and 3}{\super\insrsid4719385\charrsid16142927 rd}{\insrsid4719385\charrsid16142927 Defendant}{\insrsid7210089\charrsid16142927 s}{\insrsid4719385\charrsid16142927 seems to have facilitated the fraud.}{\insrsid7279317\charrsid16142927 \par }{\insrsid4719385\charrsid16142927 \par }{\insrsid8474004\charrsid16142927 \par }{\insrsid4719385\charrsid16142927 The sale agreement is accordingly cancelled and declared void}{\insrsid8474004\charrsid16142927 as not being genuine}{\insrsid4719385\charrsid16142927 . The remedies would be against the 2}{ \super\insrsid4719385\charrsid16142927 nd}{\insrsid4719385\charrsid16142927 and 3}{\super\insrsid4719385\charrsid16142927 rd}{\insrsid4719385\charrsid16142927 Defendants as minors }{\insrsid8474004\charrsid16142927 through their}{ \insrsid4719385\charrsid16142927 guardians as trustees of the minors }{\insrsid8474004\charrsid16142927 and not t}{\insrsid4719385\charrsid16142927 he minors themselves. \par \par }{\insrsid8474004\charrsid16142927 T}{\insrsid4719385\charrsid16142927 he 1}{\super\insrsid4719385\charrsid16142927 st}{\insrsid4719385\charrsid16142927 Defendant remains liable for breaching the tenancy agreement dated 24.07.03 with the Plaintiff.

\par \par }{\b\i\insrsid3503322\charrsid16142927 It is }{\b\i\insrsid7279317\charrsid16142927 ordered that: \par }{\b\i\insrsid8474004\charrsid16142927 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4547016\charrsid16142927 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (1)\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar \jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16142927 {\insrsid4547016\charrsid16142927 The purported sale agreement between the Plaintiff and 2}{\super\insrsid4547016\charrsid16142927 nd}{ \insrsid4547016\charrsid16142927 }{\insrsid4221459\charrsid16142927 and 3rd Defendants be set aside and declared void.}{\insrsid4547016\charrsid16142927 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16142927 {\insrsid14499400\charrsid16142927 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4547016\charrsid16142927 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (2)\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar \jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16142927 {\insrsid4547016\charrsid16142927 The 2}{\super\insrsid4547016\charrsid16142927 nd}{\insrsid4547016\charrsid16142927 and 3}{ \super\insrsid4547016\charrsid16142927 rd}{\insrsid4547016\charrsid16142927 Defend}{\insrsid15236562\charrsid16142927 ants forthwith give possession o}{\insrsid4547016\charrsid16142927 f the lockup Shop D035 and D036, Nakivubo Road, Kisekka Market, Kampala to the Plaintiff forthwith. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16142927 {\insrsid8397626\charrsid16142927 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4547016\charrsid16142927 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (3)\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar \jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16142927 {\insrsid4547016\charrsid16142927 The 2}{\super\insrsid4547016\charrsid16142927 nd}{\insrsid4547016\charrsid16142927 and 3}{ \super\insrsid4547016\charrsid16142927 rd}{\insrsid4547016\charrsid16142927 Defendant}{\insrsid7210089\charrsid16142927 s}{\insrsid4547016\charrsid16142927 pay the Plaintiff sum of 300,000 shillings being the wasted costs of the Auction. \par }\pard \qj \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16142927 {\insrsid4547016\charrsid16142927 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4547016\charrsid16142927 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (4)\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar \jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16142927 {\insrsid4547016\charrsid16142927 The 2}{\super\insrsid4547016\charrsid16142927 nd}{\insrsid4547016\charrsid16142927 and 3}{ \super\insrsid4547016\charrsid16142927 rd}{\insrsid4547016\charrsid16142927 Defendant}{\insrsid7210089\charrsid16142927 s}{\insrsid4547016\charrsid16142927 do pay damages}{\insrsid15236562\charrsid16142927 include a sum of 80,000}{ \insrsid4221459\charrsid16142927 ,000/=}{\insrsid15236562\charrsid16142927 }{\insrsid4547016\charrsid16142927 for fraudulent misrepresentation procuring the sale agreement}{\insrsid15236562\charrsid16142927 .}{\insrsid4547016\charrsid16142927 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16142927 {\insrsid8397626\charrsid16142927 \par }\pard \qj \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16142927 {\insrsid8552172\charrsid16142927 The costs}{\insrsid4719385\charrsid16142927 and }{\insrsid8397626\charrsid16142927 damage s payable by the }{\insrsid8552172\charrsid16142927 minor in}{\insrsid4719385\charrsid16142927 paragraph (3) and (4) above }{\insrsid8397626\charrsid16142927 should be paid by the legal Guardian of the minor as their trustees. \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4547016\charrsid16142927 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (5)\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar \jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16142927 {\insrsid4547016\charrsid16142927 That the 1}{\super\insrsid4547016\charrsid16142927 st}{\insrsid4547016\charrsid16142927 Defendant Kampala City Council pay the Plaintiff }{\insrsid4719385\charrsid16142927 punitive }{\insrsid4547016\charrsid16142927 damages to the Plaintiff assessed at 50,000,000 Uganda Shillings}{\insrsid2380470\charrsid16142927 at the rate of 10 million shillings every year for 5 years.}{\insrsid14499400\charrsid16142927 }{\insrsid2380470\charrsid16142927 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16142927 {\insrsid8397626\charrsid16142927 \par }\pard \qj \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16142927 {\insrsid2380470\charrsid16142927 These damages are based on arbitrary breach of a valid agreement and tortuous acts against the Plaintiff. These damages are awarded on circumstances set out by }{\insrsid8397626\charrsid16142927 Lord Patrick Devlin}{\insrsid2380470\charrsid16142927 in the }{\insrsid3353912\charrsid16142927 leading case of }{\b\i\ul\insrsid3353912\charrsid16142927 Rooker}{\b\i\ul\insrsid2380470\charrsid16142927 \endash v- }{\b\i\ul\insrsid3353912\charrsid16142927 Barnard}{\b\i\ul\insrsid2380470\charrsid16142927 [1964] AC 1129, [1964] I}{\b\i\ul\insrsid3353912\charrsid16142927 ALL}{\b\i\ul\insrsid2380470\charrsid16142927 ER 367}{\insrsid2380470\charrsid16142927 where an act of servants of }{\insrsid3353912\charrsid16142927 government }{ \insrsid2380470\charrsid16142927 is oppress}{\insrsid3353912\charrsid16142927 ive or}{\insrsid2380470\charrsid16142927 arbitrary. \par \par In}{\insrsid6828971\charrsid16142927 }{\b\i\ul\insrsid6828971\charrsid16142927 Paper Reclaim Ltd. \endash }{\b\i\ul\insrsid3418307\charrsid16142927 v- Aotearo}{\b\i\ul\insrsid6828971\charrsid16142927 a In}{\b\i\ul\insrsid3418307\charrsid16142927 ternational (2006 of 3 NZLR 185}{\b\i\ul\insrsid8397626\charrsid16142927 )}{\insrsid6828971\charrsid16142927 it was held that exemplary damages are not to be awarded in actions for breach of contract but the court left open the }{ \insrsid14499400\charrsid16142927 possibility that exemplary damages might be available where the breach of contract is in tort. This case clearly is a breach of contract based on tortuous acts that is acting reckless and negligently.}{ \insrsid2380470\charrsid16142927 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16142927 {\insrsid2380470\charrsid16142927 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4547016\charrsid16142927 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (6)\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar \jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16142927 {\insrsid4547016\charrsid16142927 The 1}{\super\insrsid4547016\charrsid16142927 st}{\insrsid4547016\charrsid16142927 Defendant Kampala City Council pay cost} {\insrsid14499400\charrsid16142927 s of this suit to the Plaintiff, as costs can}{\insrsid3418307\charrsid16142927 not}{\insrsid14499400\charrsid16142927 be enforced against the minor}{\insrsid8397626\charrsid16142927 s who are now 5 and 9 years}{ \insrsid3418307\charrsid16142927 respectively.}{\insrsid4547016\charrsid16142927 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16142927 {\insrsid8466901\charrsid16142927 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4547016\charrsid16142927 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (7)\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar \jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16142927 {\insrsid4547016\charrsid16142927 The 1}{\super\insrsid4547016\charrsid16142927 st}{\insrsid4547016\charrsid16142927 Defendant Kampala City Council do pay the Plaintiff}{\insrsid4719385\charrsid16142927 special damages for }{\insrsid4547016\charrsid16142927 los}{\insrsid15236562\charrsid16142927 s of profit}{\insrsid4547016\charrsid16142927 duri}{ \insrsid15236562\charrsid16142927 ng the period 2004 to 2009, such}{\insrsid4547016\charrsid16142927 loss to be ass}{\insrsid14092356\charrsid16142927 essed if not agreed.}{\insrsid4547016\charrsid16142927 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16142927 {\insrsid4719385\charrsid16142927 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4719385\charrsid16142927 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (8)\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar \jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16142927 {\insrsid4719385\charrsid16142927 The 1}{\super\insrsid4719385\charrsid16142927 st}{\insrsid4719385\charrsid16142927 Defendant pay the Plaintiff general damages assessed at 5 million shillings for breach of the tenancy agreement. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16142927 {\insrsid15236562\charrsid16142927 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid15236562\charrsid16142927 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (9)\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar \jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16142927 {\insrsid15236562\charrsid16142927 The 1}{\super\insrsid15236562\charrsid16142927 st}{\insrsid8670449\charrsid16142927 Defendant Kampala C}{ \insrsid15236562\charrsid16142927 ity Council iss}{\insrsid7210089\charrsid16142927 ue}{\insrsid15236562\charrsid16142927 the Plaintiff with the documents of title to the shop No. D035 and D036 forthwith. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16142927 {\insrsid7210089\charrsid16142927 \par }{\insrsid14573841\charrsid16142927 I trust this judgment will send signals to those people coming to court with false documents that they will do so at their own peril. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9400320 {\insrsid14573841\charrsid16142927 The }{\insrsid14499400\charrsid16142927 City }{\insrsid14573841\charrsid16142927 Council will also tak e note that when executing any }{\insrsid6828971\charrsid16142927 document;}{\insrsid14573841\charrsid16142927 it }{\insrsid14499400\charrsid16142927 cannot act recklessly and }{\insrsid3418307\charrsid16142927 negligently in disregard of specif}{ \insrsid8397626\charrsid16142927 ic instruction from individuals; and without any ju}{\insrsid4719385\charrsid16142927 stification}{\insrsid8397626\charrsid16142927 .}{\insrsid8474004\charrsid16142927 The }{\insrsid1783358\charrsid16142927 remedies against the Council and damages awarded are also meant to be deterrent to public bodies where legal transactions are tainted with fraud or corruption.}{\insrsid9400320 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9400320 {\b\insrsid9400320 \par }{\b\insrsid8397626\charrsid16142927 Anup Singh Choudry}{\insrsid8397626\charrsid9400320 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16142927 {\b\insrsid8397626\charrsid16142927 J u d g e \par }{\b\insrsid15008856\charrsid16142927 30/03/09}{\b\insrsid8397626\charrsid16142927 \par }{\b\insrsid8466901\charrsid16142927 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16142927 {\insrsid8466901\charrsid16142927 \par \par \par }{\insrsid14092356\charrsid16142927 \par }}