Ndaula John v Uganda (Cr.Appeal No. 91 of 1999) [2000] UGCA 17 (22 May 2000)

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\mbrkBinSub0\msmallFrac0\mdispDef1\mlMargin0\mrMargin0\mdefJc1\mwrapIndent1440\mintLim0\mnaryLim1}{\info{\title - }{\author Administrator}{\operator skivumbi}{\creatim\yr2010\mo2\dy1\hr17\min7}{\revtim\yr2010\mo2\dy8\hr12\min54}{\version4}{\edmins51} {\nofpages6}{\nofwords1829}{\nofchars8961}{\nofcharsws10769}{\vern32859}}{\*\xmlnstbl {\xmlns1 http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2003/wordml}}\paperw12240\paperh15840\margl1440\margr1440\margt1440\margb1440\gutter0\ltrsect \widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\trackmoves1\trackformatting1\donotembedsysfont0\relyonvml0\donotembedlingdata1\grfdocevents0\validatexml0\showplaceholdtext0\ignoremixedcontent0\saveinvalidxml0\showxmlerrors0\noxlattoyen \expshrtn\noultrlspc\dntblnsbdb\nospaceforul\formshade\horzdoc\dgmargin\dghspace180\dgvspace180\dghorigin1440\dgvorigin1440\dghshow1\dgvshow1 \jexpand\viewkind1\viewscale100\pgbrdrhead\pgbrdrfoot\splytwnine\ftnlytwnine\htmautsp\nolnhtadjtbl\useltbaln\alntblind\lytcalctblwd\lyttblrtgr\lnbrkrule\nobrkwrptbl\snaptogridincell\allowfieldendsel\wrppunct \asianbrkrule\rsidroot11601279\newtblstyruls\nogrowautofit \fet0{\*\wgrffmtfilter 2450}\ilfomacatclnup0\ltrpar \sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid8337808\sftnbj {\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (} {\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9 \pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid14888146 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11601279\charrsid16069428 THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA \line IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF UGANDA \line AT KAMPALA \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14888146 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \fi-1440\li1440\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid14888146 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11601279\charrsid16069428 CORAM: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14888146 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11601279\charrsid16069428 HON. MR. JUSTICE C. M. KATO, JA. \line HON. MR. JUSTICE J. P. BERKO, JA. \line HON. LADY JUSTICE C. N. B. KITUMBA, JA. \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14888146 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid14888146 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11601279\charrsid16069428 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14888146 RIMINAL APPEAL NO. 91 OF 1999. \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid6183720 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11601279\charrsid16069428 NDAULA JOHN }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14888146 \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11601279\charrsid16069428 APPELLANT \line VERSUS \line UGANDA }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14888146 \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11601279\charrsid16069428 RESPONDENT \line (Appeal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11601279\charrsid14888146 from the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14888146\charrsid14888146 decision of the High Court (Akii}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11601279\charrsid14888146 ki }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11601279\charrsid14888146 Kiiza }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14888146 J.) dated 29/6/1999 \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11601279\charrsid14888146 in Criminal Session Case No. 130/1997 at Masaka) \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6183720 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid6183720 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid11601279\charrsid16069428 JUDGMENT OF THE COURT: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6183720 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid16069428 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11601279\charrsid6183720 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11601279\charrsid6183720 appellant, Ndaula John, was convicted by the High Court of rape, contrary to Sections }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11601279\charrsid6183720 117 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11601279\charrsid6183720 and 118 of the Penal Code Act and sentenced to 12 years imprisonment. He now appeals against}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6183720 the conviction and sentence. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11601279\charrsid16069428 The prosecution evidence as accepted by the learned tria}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6183720 l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11601279\charrsid16069428 judge was that the complaina}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6183720 nt, Nakafeero Magadalena, PWI, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11601279\charrsid16069428 was a widow aged about 60 years and lived at Kyabiri village, in Masaka District. The appellant was her neighbour and both of them lived in the same compound. On the 28th day of September 199}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6183720 5 at around 8.00} {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11601279\charrsid16069428 p.m.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6183720 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11601279\charrsid16069428 the complainant was in her house and was about to take her supper. There was fire burning in the fire place inside the house. The appellant entered the complainant\rquote s house and asked for fire to light his cigarette and she obliged. The appellant lit his cigarette three times and extinguished it. The complainant was surprised by his behaviour and asked the appellant what he meant by his conduct. The appellant stood up as if he was going away, clos ed the door and requested the complainant to have sex with him. She refused but the appellant insisted that it was their day to have sex. She rose up and started making an alarm but the appellant got hold of her two arms and they began to struggle. The ap pellant overpowered her, threw her down on the floor and forcibly ha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6183720 d sexual intercourse with her. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11601279\charrsid16069428 Ssenyonga Godfrey, PW2, answered the alarm. He found the door closed and heard the complainant saying that the appellant was raping her. PW2 feared to go inside the house because he knew that the appellant used to carry a panga with him. Nakabanjo Gorretti, PW3, also answered the alarm. The appellant got off the complainant and hid in a corner inside the house. The complainant went outside the house and i nformed the people who had answered her alarm that the appellant had raped her. Later the appellant got out }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid733028 of the complainant\rquote s house and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11601279\charrsid16069428 went to his house. PW2 took the complainant to his home and the matter was reported to the Local Defence Unit. On the following day the complainant was medically examined by Dr. Ssekitoleko Jimmy, PW3. According to PW3 \rquote s evidence the complainant was about 55 years old and her hymen was already ruptured. There were no injuries in her private parts. He found some soft t issue on multiple body parts, especially on the abdomen. He classified those injuries as harm. In his opinion those injuries might have originated from the struggle with the appellant. From the injuries he concluded that the complainant had either been ra ped or there was an attempt to rape her as she co}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid733028 mplained of having been raped. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11601279\charrsid16069428 The appellant was arrested by the Local Defence Unit Personnel and taken to Masaka Police Station, and charged with rape. His defence was a total denial. He stated that he had been framed up by Nakabango a sis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid733028 ter of the complainant with whom he}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11601279\charrsid16069428 was on bad terms. The learned trial judge accepted the prosecution case, rejected}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid733028 the defence and convicted the appellant. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11601279\charrsid16069428 There are }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid733028 four grounds of appeal namely: \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid733028 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11601279\charrsid733028 \'931. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11601279\charrsid733028 The learned}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11601279\charrsid16069428 trial judge erred in fact and law when he failed to properly evaluate the evidence on record and therefo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid733028 re came to a wrong conclusion. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11601279\charrsid16069428 2. The learned trial ju}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid733028 dge erred in fact and law when}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11601279\charrsid16069428 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11601279\charrsid16069428 he convicted the accused of the offence of rape on the uncorroborated evidence of the complainant without first warning himself of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid733028\charrsid16069428 its}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11601279\charrsid16069428 dangers. \line 3. The learned trial judge erred in fact and law when he convicted the appellant of the offence of rape basing on insufficient evidence. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid733028 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid16069428 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11601279\charrsid16069428 4. The learned tria l judge erred in fact and law when he sentenced the appellant to 12 years imprisonment which was harsh and ex}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid733028 cessive in the circumstances.\'94 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11601279\charrsid16069428 Mr. Maxim Mutabingwa, learned counsel for the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid733028 appellant, argued grounds 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11601279\charrsid733028 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11601279\charrsid733028 and 3 jo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid733028 intly and the rest separately. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11601279\charrsid733028 Mr. Mu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid733028 tabingwa\rquote s complaint in grounds 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11601279\charrsid733028 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid733028 and 3 is that the learned}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11601279\charrsid733028 trial judge did not properly evalu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid733028 ate the evidence and came to a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11601279\charrsid733028 wrong conclusion th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid733028 at the offence of rape had been }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11601279\charrsid733028 committed. He submitted that the evidence of the complainant was not sufficient to prove that sexual intercourse had taken place. She testified that the appellant put his penis in her private parts. According}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11601279\charrsid16069428 to counsel private parts do not necessarily mean the vagina. Counsel further contended that the evidence of PW4 does not support the complainant\rquote s testimony. PW4 carried out the medical examination only a day after the incident but did not find any injuries in the complainant\rquote s private}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid733028 parts. Counsel submitted that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11601279\charrsid16069428 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11601279\charrsid16069428 as it had not been proved that sexual intercourse took place, the appellant should have been }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid733028 convicted of a lesser offence. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11601279\charrsid16069428 Mr. Micheal Wamasebu, learned Principal State Attorney, supported the learned trial judge\rquote s finding that sexual intercourse had taken place. Mr. Wamasebu submitted that the complainant was a mature woman and a widow approximately 60 years of age and therefore knew what she was talking about. The learned trial judge found her truthful and believed her evidence. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid733028 \par In his judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11601279\charrsid16069428 , the learned trial judge relied on the evidence of the complainant and found that the prosecution had proved that sexual intercourse had taken place. She was an old lady who was a widow and had had sexual intercourse previously. In that case her hymen could not have been intact. The complainant told those who answered the alarm and the doctor who examined her that she had been raped. The learned trial judge found that injuries on multiple body parts of the complainant especially on the abdomen were caused during the struggle wit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid733028 h the appellant as she did not}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11601279\charrsid16069428 consent to have sexual intercourse with her. The complainant impressed the tria}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid733028 l judge as a truthful witness. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11601279\charrsid16069428 We agree with the trial judge\rquote s finding. It was a question of fact whether the complainant had been raped or not. The judge who saw the complai nant give her testimony in court was entitled to believe her. The judge found that the complainant had been consistent }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid733028\charrsid16069428 throughout}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11601279\charrsid16069428 as she told}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13723376 to to believe her. The judge found that the complainant had been consistent through-out as she told }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11601279\charrsid16069428 PW2, PW3 and PW4 that she had been raped by the appellant. We do not however agree that the report to PW2, PW3, and P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13723376 W4 by the complainant amounted }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11601279\charrsid16069428 to a corroboration of her testimony. Grounds }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11601279\charrsid13723376 I }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13723376 and 3 fail. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11601279\charrsid16069428 Regarding the second ground, learned counsel for the appellant submitted that the learned judge erred En law to convict the appellant of rape on the uncorrob orated evidence of the complainant without warning himself of the danger of convicting on such evidence. According to counsel failure by the judge to warn himself was fatal. In reply, l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13723376 earned Principal State Attorney }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11601279\charrsid16069428 conceded that the trial judge in his judgment did not warn himself of the danger of convicting on uncorroborated evidence. He submitted however, that the failure was not fatal to the conviction as the judge in his summing up to the gentlemen assessors had warned them of dangers of convicting on uncorroborated evidence. Mr. Wamasebu further submitted that there was some corroboration }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13723376 of the complainant\rquote s evidence. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11601279\charrsid16069428 The trial judge found that the fact of rape had been corroborated. We agree with that finding. The injuries found on her body indicated that force had b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13723376 een used and that negatived }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11601279\charrsid16069428 consent. The appellant was very well known to the complainant and it was not disputed in the lower court and on appeal that the appellant was seen getting out of the complainant\rquote s house at that time th e complainant alleged that he had raped her. We appreciate that the learned trial judge did not warn himself of the danger of convicting on uncorroborated evidence. He however warned the gentlemen assessors about the point which indicates that he was aliv e to that legal re}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13723376 quirement. Ground 2 must fail. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11601279\charrsid16069428 On ground 4 Counsel for the appell}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13723376 ant submitted that the sentence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11601279\charrsid16069428 }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11601279\charrsid16069428 of twelve years imprisonment wa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13723376 s manifestly excessive. In his }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11601279\charrsid16069428 submission he }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13723376\charrsid16069428 contended}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11601279\charrsid16069428 that if the appellant had been given a lesser sente nce he was more likely to reform and be a useful member of society as he was a young }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13723376\charrsid16069428 managed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11601279\charrsid16069428 only 48 years. He did not quote any legal authorities in support of his submission. Mr. Wamasebu submitted to the contrary that the sentence was not excessive in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13723376 the circumstances. \par This court will}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11601279\charrsid16069428 only interfere with the sentence passed if it is either illegal or is manifestly excessive as to amount to a miscarriage of justice. See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13723376 Section 137 of the Trial on Indictm}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11601279\charrsid16069428 ents Decree No. 26 of 1971. The maximum pen alty for the offence of rape is death. Before passing sentence the trial judge took into account all mitigating factors which he was obliged to consider. The sentence of twelve years imprisonment is in our view neither illegal nor excessive}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13723376 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11601279\charrsid16069428 We do not agree that a 48 years old man is a young man in an African society where life expectancy is less than 50 years. Ground }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11601279\charrsid13723376 4 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13723376 therefore must fail. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11601279\charrsid13723376 Before we take leave of this appeal we feel we should comment on the following m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13723376 atters; Firstly, the record of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11601279\charrsid13723376 proceedings\rquote show that the gentlemen assessors were not sworn at the commencement}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11601279\charrsid16069428 of the trial as is required by Section 65 of The Trial On Indictments Decree. In our view this was an irregularity which did not occasion a miscarriage of justice and did not therefore invalidate the proceedings. This court held so in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\ul\insrsid13723376\charrsid13723376 Mukiibi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\ul\insrsid11601279\charrsid13723376 Emmanuel v }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\ul\insrsid11601279\charrsid13723376 Uganda}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid11601279\charrsid16069428 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11601279\charrsid16069428 Court of Appeal Criminal Appeal No. 43 of 1996 that assessors are public officers for the purposes of judicial proceedings. According to section 6 of the Oaths Act (Cap. 52) when an act is done by a pub}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13723376 lic officer without taking the oath it is not invalid. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11601279\charrsid16069428 Secondly, with regard to the sentence the learned trial judge only said that he deemed a sentence of 12 years imprisonment to be sufficient and proper; but did not pass the sentence. This was irregular. This court has powers according to section 12 of The Judicature Statute 1996 and Rule 31(1) of the Court of Appeal Rules, 1996 to pass sentence which the trial Court ought to have passed. In view of what we have stated above the appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13723376 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11601279\charrsid16069428 ought to have been sentenced to 12 years imprisonment. He is accordingly sente}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13723376 nced to 12 years imprisonment. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11601279\charrsid16069428 As we find no merit in this appea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13723376 l it is accordingly dismissed. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11601279\charrsid16069428 Dat}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13723376 ed at Kampala this 22}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid13723376\charrsid13723376 nd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13723376 of May 2000. \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid13723376 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11601279\charrsid13723376 C. M. Kato \line Justice of Appeal. \line }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9315706 \par \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid13723376\charrsid13723376 J. P. Berko}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid13723376\charrsid13723376 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9315706\charrsid9315706 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11601279\charrsid13723376 Justice of Appeal. \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid13723376\charrsid9315706 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid13723376\charrsid13723376 C. N. B. Kitumba}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid13723376\charrsid13723376 \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11601279\charrsid13723376 Justice of Appeal. \line

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