Okwang Peter v Uganda (Criminal Appeal No.104 of 1999) [2001] UGCA 6 (22 March 2001)

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\mwrapIndent1440\mintLim0\mnaryLim1}{\info{\title THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA }{\author Administrator}{\operator skivumbi}{\creatim\yr2010\mo2\dy1\hr17\min9}{\revtim\yr2010\mo2\dy11\hr11\min47}{\version4}{\edmins19}{\nofpages6}{\nofwords1871}{\nofchars9284} {\nofcharsws11133}{\vern32859}}{\*\xmlnstbl {\xmlns1 http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2003/wordml}}\paperw12240\paperh15840\margl1440\margr1440\margt1440\margb1440\gutter0\ltrsect \widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\trackmoves1\trackformatting1\donotembedsysfont0\relyonvml0\donotembedlingdata1\grfdocevents0\validatexml0\showplaceholdtext0\ignoremixedcontent0\saveinvalidxml0\showxmlerrors0\noxlattoyen \expshrtn\noultrlspc\dntblnsbdb\nospaceforul\formshade\horzdoc\dgmargin\dghspace180\dgvspace180\dghorigin1440\dgvorigin1440\dghshow1\dgvshow1 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(}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid6641551 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6297974\charrsid6641551 THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA \line IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF UGANDA AT KAMPALA \line CRIMINAL APPEAL NO.104 OF 1999 \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6641551\charrsid6641551 OKWANG }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6297974\charrsid6641551 PETER }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid6297974\charrsid6641551 ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid6641551 :::::::::::::::::::::::::::}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid6297974\charrsid6641551 :::::::::::::::: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6641551 APPELLANT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6297974\charrsid6641551 \line VERSUS \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6297974\charrsid6641551 UGANDA }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid6297974\charrsid6641551 :::::::::::::::::::::}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid6641551 ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid6297974\charrsid6641551 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6641551 RESPONDENT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6297974\charrsid6641551 \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid6297974\charrsid6641551 (An appeal from a conviction and sentence of \line tile High Court of Uganda at Tororo (A. Kania, J.) \line dated 17/9/99 in CS. C No.341 of 1996) \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6641551 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \fi-1440\li1440\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid6641551 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6297974\charrsid6641551 CORAM: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6641551 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6297974\charrsid6641551 HON. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6297974\charrsid6641551 MR. JUSTICE C. M. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6297974\charrsid6641551 KATO, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6297974\charrsid6641551 JA. \line HON. MR. JUSTICE S. G. ENGWAU, JA. \line HON. MR. JUSTICE C. N. B. KITIMBA, JA. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6641551 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid6641551 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6641551 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid6641551 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid6297974\charrsid6641551 JUDGMENT OF THE COURT: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6641551 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6297974\charrsid6641551 The appellant, Peter Ogwang, was indicted for aggravated robbery in the High Court sitting at Tororo, tried, convicted and sentenced to death under sections 272 and 27}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6641551 3(2) of the Penal Code Act. \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6297974\charrsid6641551 The facts leading to his conviction are as follows. On the night of 18/10/94 the complainant, Miria Nakato Pata (PW2) was sleeping in her house. She was awakened by a bang on her door. On hearing the bang, she separated the cur tain and saw the appellant outside. She saw a number of people enter the house and one of the gang cut her with a panga. The appellant joined the attackers and cut her with a panga saying that if she was not killed she would put them in trouble. The robbe r s collected a number of household property which they carried away. The complainant raised an alarm which was answered by the neighbours. She mentioned to them that the appellant was one of her assailants. On hearing his name being mentioned, the appellan t ran away. Subsequently the matter was reported to the police and the appellant was arrested. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid6297974\charrsid6641551 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid6641551 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6297974\charrsid6641551 At the trial, the appellant denied having committed the offence. He put up a defence of alibi to the effect that when the complainant was being attacked he was sleeping at his home. He also claimed that PW2 had a grudge against him. The learned trial judg e rejected his defence and convicted him }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6641551 as charged, hence this appeal. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6297974\charrsid6641551 There ar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6641551 e 3 grounds of appeal, namely: \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6297974\charrsid6641551 \'931. That the learned trial Judge erred in law and fact by finding that the appellant had been positively identified and that he was part of the ga}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6641551 ng that committed the offence. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6297974\charrsid6641551 2 That the learned trial Judge erred in law and fact in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6641551\charrsid6641551 rejecting}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6297974\charrsid6641551 the ap}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6641551 pellant\rquote s defence of an alibi. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6297974\charrsid6641551 3. That the learned trial Judge erred in law and fact when he failed to properly evaluate the evidence adduced at trial hence reached erroneous decisions.\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6641551 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6297974\charrsid6641551 Learned counsel }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6297974\charrsid6641551 for the appellant, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6297974\charrsid6641551 Mr. Henry Kunya, argued the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6297974\charrsid6641551 first ground }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6297974\charrsid6641551 separately then grounds 2 and 3 together. On ground I he submitted that the learned trial judge was wrong to hold that the appellant was correctly identified by PW2 who was the only identifying witness. He contended that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6641551\charrsid6641551 circumstances,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6297974\charrsid6641551 under which the complainant claimed to have identified the appellant, were not favourable for correct identification. The complainant was frightened and that affected her presence of mind. The learned counsel further submitted that the complainant had contradicted herself by saying that when she saw the appellant outside he was with a group of people, but she said that she had seen him alone. In his view this contradiction rendered the credibility of PW2 questionable. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6641551 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6297974\charrsid6641551 On the other hand Mr. Elem, learned counsel for the respondent, submitted that the judge was right in his finding that the appellant had been positively identified by PW2. According to him, con ditions favouring correct identification existed as the complainant knew the appellant before the incident, there was moonlight and the attackers were flashing torches ev}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6641551 erywhere. \par The law relating to a conviction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6297974\charrsid6641551 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6297974\charrsid6641551 based on the evidence of a single identifying witness }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6641551 was summarised in the case of: and Sheh Bin Mwambere [1953]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6297974\charrsid6641551 22}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6641551 EACA 166 at page 168 as follows: \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid2371994 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6297974\charrsid10881347 \'93Subject to certain wel }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6641551\charrsid10881347 l-known exceptions it is trite }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6297974\charrsid10881347 law that a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6297974\charrsid10881347 fact may b}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6641551\charrsid10881347 e proved by the testimony of a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6297974\charrsid10881347 single witness but this rule does not less}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6641551\charrsid10881347 en the need }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6297974\charrsid10881347 for testing with the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6641551\charrsid10881347 greatest care the evidence of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6297974\charrsid10881347 single witness respec}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6641551\charrsid10881347 ting identification especially }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6297974\charrsid10881347 when }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6297974\charrsid10881347 it }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6297974\charrsid10881347 is known}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6641551\charrsid10881347 that the conditions favouring }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6297974\charrsid10881347 correct identific}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6641551\charrsid10881347 ation where difficult. In such }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6297974\charrsid10881347 circumstances what is needed is other evi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6641551\charrsid10881347 dence, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6297974\charrsid10881347 whether }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6297974\charrsid10881347 it }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6297974\charrsid10881347 is circums}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6641551\charrsid10881347 tantial or direct, pointing to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6297974\charrsid10881347 guilt, from which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6641551\charrsid10881347 a Judge or jury can reasonably }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6297974\charrsid10881347 conclude that the evidence of identification, although based on the test}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6641551\charrsid10881347 imony of a single witness, can }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6297974\charrsid10881347 safely be accepted as free from possibili}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6641551\charrsid10881347 ty of error.\'94 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid6641551 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6297974\charrsid6641551 In the case now before us, the prosecution case was based almost entirely on the evidence of a single witness by the name of Miria Nakato Pata (PW2). Her evidence was to the effect that on the fateful night she was sleeping in her house with two children each of whom was aged 4 years and who were never called as witnesses. She heard a bang at the door. She then parted the curtain and saw people outside, including the appellant, by help of the moonlight. The attackers entered the house and she was cut with a panga. They had torches which were being flashed and that helped her to recognise the appellant. The complainant also testified that she mentioned to those who answered her alarm the name of the appellant as one of those people who had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2371994 attacked her home. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6297974\charrsid6641551 This evidence was attacked by learned counsel for the appellant on a number of grounds. One of the grounds was that the prevailing conditions did not favour correct identification of the appellant by PW2. We agree with that contention. Although the learned trial judge in his judgment repeatedly referred to the existence of \'93bright moonlight\'94 , the complainant only spoke of there having been moonlight she did not describe the moon as having been bright. The brightness of the moon was an im portant element in this situation as it was the only source which could have enabled the complainant to recognis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2371994 e the appellant while outside. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6297974\charrsid6641551 Another point of complaint by appellant\rquote s counsel was the contradiction in the testimony of PW2 regarding the nu mber of people she saw. When being examined in chief, she told court that she saw the appellant with other people outside, but when under cross-examination she said that the appellant was alone. In our view, this contradiction is quite major as it raises s ome doubt as to whether the complainant was in her proper mental faculty so as to recognise any of the attackers. It may be true, as found by the trial judge, that there were torches being flashed in the house but it appears the complainant was not compos ed at that time as she admitted in her evidence that she was frightened and shaking. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2371994 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6297974\charrsid6641551 There was the issue of the complainant having made her statement to the police about 8 months after the attack. Although there is no law as to how soon a statement shou ld be made to the police, we consider such a long time to be material}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2371994 in this particular case. After such}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6297974\charrsid6641551 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6297974\charrsid6641551 a long time the complaint might have lost memory of what happened, she might even have been tempted to fabricate some details. According to the compl ainant she made 3 different statements to the police on different dates, no explanation was given as to why all these statements had to be made. If the complainant\rquote s story was straightforward as to what she saw on the fateful night why was it necessary to record }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2371994 all those statements from her? \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6297974\charrsid6641551 Considering the evidence as a whole, we are of the view that the prevailing circumstances did not favour correct identification by the complainant as to who really attacked her. PW2\rquote s evidence of identification cannot be said to be free from error or mistaken identity. The fi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2371994 rst ground of appeal succeeds. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6297974\charrsid6641551 Concerning the second ground of appeal, Mr. Kunya argued that the learned trial judge did not sufficiently consider the issue of existing grudges between the complai nant and the appellant. We agree with that contention. The learned trial judge in his judgment dealt with th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2371994 e issue of grudges as follows: \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid2371994 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6297974\charrsid6641551 \'93 From her evidence PW2 Miria Nakato Pata knew the accused as the son of Deo, her neighbour and an LCI Defence Secretary of their village. Her house }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6297974\charrsid2371994 is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6297974\charrsid2371994 about 200 metres from the house of the accused. The complainant litigated with the accused once before the LCI court and at the time of the offence the complainant had a complaint against the accused before the LCII court. In his sworn evidence the accused testified that the complainant\rquote s home is 200 metres from his and she is his most immediate neighbour. He confirmed the disputes he had with the complainant from the evidence of PW2 Miria Nakato Pata and that of the accused. There is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6297974\charrsid6641551 no doubt whatsoever that at the time of the offence the accused was familiar to the complainant.\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2371994 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid6641551 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6297974\charrsid6641551 The above passage shows that the judge only addressed his mind to the defence of grudges in relation to familiarity of the appellant a nd PW2. He did not consider the possibility of the complainant having fabricated the evidence against the appellant because of the grudges which they had. We are of the view that had the trial judge approached the matter in that way, he would possibly hav e come to a different decision. Prosecution did not adduce evidence to establish that the complainant was not prompted by the existing grudges to implicate the appellant in this case. \line Regarding the defence of alibi, Mr. Kunya submitted that the appellant was never put at the scene of cri}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2371994 me by the prosecution evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6297974\charrsid6641551 and that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2371994\charrsid6641551 appellant\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6297974\charrsid6641551 defence raised a reasonable doubt which should have been resolved in his favour. He submitted further that the judge did not evaluate appellant\rquote s evidence properly a nd rejected it outright without consideration. Mr. Elem, however, contended that the evidence of Pw2 had put the appellant at the scene of crime and that the trial judge properly evaluated the evidence of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2371994 appellant before rejecting it. \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid2371994 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6297974\charrsid6641551 After correctly stating the law relating to the defence of alibi the learned trial judge held thus:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2371994 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid2371994 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6297974\charrsid6641551 \'93 Having believed that PW2 Miria Nakato Pata correctly }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2371994\charrsid6641551 identified}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6297974\charrsid6641551 the accused under conditions favourable to correct identification the alibi set forth by the accused is rejected. I find it proved beyond reasonable doubt that the accused was at the scene and part of that gang which committed aggravate d robbery on 18/10/94 to the pr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2371994 ejudice of Miria Nakato Pata.\'94 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid2371994 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2371994 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6297974\charrsid2371994 We }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6297974\charrsid6641551 have already held elsewhere in this judgment that PW2 could not have correctly identified the appellant. The finding of the trial judge that the appellant was placed at the scene of crime by the evidence of PW2 cannot therefore be sustained. In our view the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2371994\charrsid6641551 appellant\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6297974\charrsid6641551 defence which was supported by that of his wife, Agulansi Andrea (DW2), raised some doubt about the possibility of the appellant having been at the scene of crime. The learned trial judge should have resolved the benefit of that doubt in favour of the appellant. Groun}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2371994 ds two and three must succeed. \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6297974\charrsid6641551 In the result, we allow the appeal, quash the conviction and set aside the sentence. The appellant is to be set free from prison unless he is being held there for some other law}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2371994 ful reasons. So it is ordered. \par Dated at Kampala this 23}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid2371994\charrsid2371994 rd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2371994 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6297974\charrsid6641551 day of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2371994 March}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6297974\charrsid6641551 2001. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2371994 \par \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid2371994 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6297974\charrsid6641551 C. M.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2371994 K}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6297974\charrsid6641551 ato \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\ul\insrsid6297974\charrsid6641551 JUSTICE OF APPEAL }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid6297974\charrsid6641551 \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2371994 \par S. G. Enwua}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6297974\charrsid6641551 u \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\ul\insrsid6297974\charrsid6641551 JUSTICE OF APPEAL }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid6297974\charrsid6641551 \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2371994 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6297974\charrsid6641551 C. N. B. 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