Opira Mathew v Uganda (Criminal Appeal No.114 of 1999) [2000] UGCA 14 (1 November 2000)

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}{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'08.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;} \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 \fi-180\li6480\lin6480 }{\listname ;}\listid350497847}}{\*\listoverridetable{\listoverride\listid350497847\listoverridecount0\ls1}}{\*\pgptbl {\pgp\ipgp0\itap0\li0\ri0\sb0\sa0}}{\*\rsidtbl \rsid1256894 \rsid3039055\rsid4155344\rsid4345309\rsid12532238\rsid12793152\rsid13371250\rsid13384403\rsid15886242}{\mmathPr\mmathFont34\mbrkBin0\mbrkBinSub0\msmallFrac0\mdispDef1\mlMargin0\mrMargin0\mdefJc1\mwrapIndent1440\mintLim0\mnaryLim1}{\info {\title THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA }{\author Administrator}{\operator skivumbi}{\creatim\yr2010\mo2\dy1\hr16\min30}{\revtim\yr2010\mo2\dy8\hr13\min32}{\version6}{\edmins28}{\nofpages7}{\nofwords2325}{\nofchars11355}{\nofcharsws13653}{\vern32859}} {\*\xmlnstbl {\xmlns1 http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2003/wordml}}\paperw12240\paperh15840\margl1440\margr1440\margt1440\margb1440\gutter0\ltrsect \widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\trackmoves1\trackformatting1\donotembedsysfont0\relyonvml0\donotembedlingdata1\grfdocevents0\validatexml0\showplaceholdtext0\ignoremixedcontent0\saveinvalidxml0\showxmlerrors0\noxlattoyen \expshrtn\noultrlspc\dntblnsbdb\nospaceforul\formshade\horzdoc\dgmargin\dghspace180\dgvspace180\dghorigin1440\dgvorigin1440\dghshow1\dgvshow1 \jexpand\viewkind1\viewscale100\pgbrdrhead\pgbrdrfoot\splytwnine\ftnlytwnine\htmautsp\nolnhtadjtbl\useltbaln\alntblind\lytcalctblwd\lyttblrtgr\lnbrkrule\nobrkwrptbl\snaptogridincell\allowfieldendsel\wrppunct \asianbrkrule\rsidroot4155344\newtblstyruls\nogrowautofit \fet0{\*\wgrffmtfilter 2450}\ilfomacatclnup0\ltrpar \sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid3039055\sftnbj {\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (} {\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9 \pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid4345309 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA \line IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF UGANDA \line HOLDEN AT KAMPLALA \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4345309 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid4345309 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 CORAM: HON. JUSTICE C. M. KATO, JA. \line HON. JUSTICE G. M. OKELLO, JA. \line HON. JUSTICE S. G. ENGWAU, JA. \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4345309\charrsid4345309 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid4345309 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 114 OF 1999 }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4345309\charrsid4345309 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 OPIR}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4345309\charrsid4345309 A MATHEW}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 :::}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4345309\charrsid4345309 :::::::::::::::::::::::}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4345309 :::::::::::::::::::::}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4345309\charrsid4345309 ::::::::::}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4345309 :::::::::::::::::}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4345309\charrsid4345309 AP}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 PELLANT \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 VERSUS \line }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4345309\charrsid4345309 UGAN}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 DA :::::::::::::::::::::::}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4345309\charrsid4345309 :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4345309 ::}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 RESPONDENT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 \line (Appeal from the decision of the High Court \line at Gulu (Rubby Opio Aweri, Ag. J. as he then was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4345309 ) \line dated 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 1.10.99 in Criminal Session Case No. 459 of 1999). \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid4345309 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid4345309 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 JUDGEMENT OF THE COURT: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4345309 \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 The appellant, Mathew Opira, was tried and convicted by the High Court at Gulu on the first count of defilement, contrary to section 123 (1) of the Penal Code Act, and on the second count of incest, contrary to section 144 (1) of the Penal Code Act. He was sentenced to 13 years\rquote imprisonment on each count and the sente}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4345309 nces were to run concurrently. \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 The brief facts of this case expose an ugly scenario in that on the night of 28.1.97, at Layibi village in Gulu District, the appellant had unlawful sexual intercourse with his daughter, Akello Night, a girl under 18 years old. On that fateful night, his wife Rose Adong (PW3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4345309\charrsid4345309 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 was away from home. She had paid a visit to her brother and spent a night there. She left the appellant at home wit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4345309 h the complainant and other }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 three young children. The complainant with those children were sleeping in another house different from that of the parents. At first, the appellant went into the house but retreated when he found Akello Night still awake. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4345309 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 On the second attempt, the appellant found that the victim had already fallen asleep. The girl was awakened by the seve re pain she felt in her private parts as the appellant was on top of her doing the act. The appellant pleaded with her not to reveal the matter to t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4345309 he mother and even offered her }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 shs. 1000/= }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4345309 to conceal the affairs. \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 On the following day, 29.1.97 at aro und 1.00 p.m. Adong Rose (PW3) returned from her visit and found appellant and the children at home. In the evening, Night narrated to the mother her ordeal with the appellant the previous night. Adong Rose after hearing th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4345309 e mess angrily called for the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 appellant who was drinking outside in the company of other people. Sensing some trouble, the appellant ran away and spent the night at his bro}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4345309 ther\rquote s home, one Joseph Ocaka. \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 The following morning of 30.1.97, Rose Adong reported the matter to Local Counci l I Chairman of the area, one George Otto, PW4. The crowd was about to lynch the appellant when he was saved by PW4 who rushed him to Gulu police station where he}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4345309 was detained and subsequently }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 charged with the offences of defilement and incest. The vic tim was examined by Dr. Thomas Okello Oyok, PW2, who found that she was 13 years old, her hymen had ruptured 72 hours ago and there were inflammations around her private parts and the upper thigh. There were other injuries also especially around the elbow . The girl, in the opinion of the doctor, was not strong }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4345309 enough to put up a resistance. \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 On a sworn statement, the defence was a total denial and the appellant alleged that he w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4345309 as framed up on this matter by}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 one Santa whom he had refused to love and tha t she wanted to cause trouble to his family on the basis of that refusal. He now appeals against the convictions in both counts on the following three grounds after abandoning the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 4th }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4345309 ground. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1 \widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid4345309 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 The learned Judge erred in law when he wrongly failed to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4345309 frame the correct }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 ingredient}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4345309 s of the offence of incest. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4345309\charrsid4345309 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 The learned Judge erred in law when he ignored or failed to identify in the prosecution evi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4345309 dence major contradictions. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4345309\charrsid4345309 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 The learned Judge erred in law in prejudging or judging the case before throwing overboard the defence side of the case in only one sentence and this occasioned a serious failure of justice.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4345309\charrsid4345309 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid4345309 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 On ground 1, Mr. Joseph Zagyenda, learned Counsel for the appellant, contended that when summing up to the assessors, the trial Judg e omitted to frame the ingredient indicating that the appellant participated in the commission of the alleged offence of incest. In Counsel\rquote s view, the omission m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4345309 eant that the prosecution did no t prove all the ingredients of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 incest beyond reasonable doubt as required by law. In the premises, the appellant should have not been con}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4345309 victed of the alleged offence. \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 Ms. Betty Khisa, Principal State Attorney, submitted that though the learned trial Judge never mentioned that the appellant was responsible for t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4345309 he alleged incest when }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 summing up to the assessors, this was a minor error which the trial judge corrected in his judgement when he found as a fact that the appellant had sexual intercourse with his daughter. Counsel argued that in the first count of d efilement, it was found as a fact that it was the appellant who defiled the girl and the girl in question had been proved to be his daughter. In her view, the logical conclusion was that the appellant was responsible for the offence of incest. In the alte rnative, learned Counsel }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4345309 submitted that when summing up }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 to the assessors, the tri}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4345309 al judge had mentioned that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 appellant has blood}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4345309 relationship with the victim. \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 We think that the complaint in the first ground of this appeal cannot be sustained becaus e in his summing up notes to the assessors and also in his judgement, the learned trial judge adequately mentioned that the appellant was responsible for the alleged incest. We find no m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4345309 erit on this ground of appeal. \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 As regards ground 2, Mr. Zagyenda\rquote s complaint was that the medical report, Exbt P1, conflicted with the testimony of the doctor, PW2, who compiled it. He pointed out as major contradictions in the evidence of the prosecution case the fact that the medical report shows that there were injur ies on the elbow, thigh and neck of the vi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4345309 ctim whereas the doctor in his }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 evidence in court testified that there were no such injuries and that he even forgot to in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4345309 clude the injury on the thigh. \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 Ms. Betty Khisa, for the respondent, submitted tha t there were no major contradictions in the prosecution case as Counsel for the appellant failed to mention them. In her view, evidence distorting the injuries sustained by the victim would not affect the prosecution case in respect of both counts because it did not go into the r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12532238 oot of those offences. Learned}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 Counsel submitted therefore that the trial judge was entitled to reject such contradict}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12532238 ions and ignore them as minor. \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 We are unable to say that there were major contradictions in the prosecution c ase. In our view, the injuries complained of both from the medical report, Exbt P1, and the evidence of the doctor, PW2, do not affect the prosecution case in any w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12532238 ay. Ground 2 also lacks merit. \par \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid12532238 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 On ground 3, Mr.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12532238 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 Zagye}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12532238 nda complained that the learned}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 trial judge had evaluated the pro}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12532238 secution evidence in isolation }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 of the defence case and as a result this occasioned a miscarriage of justice to the appellant. Learned Counsel argued further that the defence was considered i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12532238 n only one sentence as follow: \par \tab \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 His explanation was not plausible considering the overwhelming evidence produced by the prosecution Witnesses.\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12532238 \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 In Counsel\rquote s view, the trial judge had already made up his mind to convict the appellant before considering his defence. Ms. Khisa conceded that the learned trial judge had prejudged the case before considering the defence. However, she hastened to submit that this being the first appellate court it can scrutinize the evid}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12532238 ence on record exhaustively }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 and come out with its own conclusion. In her view, there is an overwhelming evidence to support t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12532238 he co nvictions in both counts. \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 We agree that the trial judge was in error when he first believed the prosecution case before he considered the evidence for defence. However, we think, with respect, that the misdirection is not fatal to the Convictions. It is trite law that the Court of Appeal as a first appellate court is entitled to review the evidence on record a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12532238 nd make its own conclusions }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 on the case bearing in mind the fact that the appellate court did not enjoy the opportunity of seeing witnesses testify. See: \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid12532238\charrsid12532238 D }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid4155344\charrsid12532238 R.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid12532238\charrsid12532238 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid4155344\charrsid12532238 Pandya }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid4155344\charrsid12532238 V. R }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid12532238\charrsid12532238 [1957]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid4155344\charrsid12532238 E. A 336, Bogere Moses }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid4155344\charrsid12532238 V. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid12532238\charrsid12532238 U}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid12532238\charrsid12532238 ganda}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid4155344\charrsid12532238 Supreme Court, Criminal Appeal No. 1 of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid12532238\charrsid12532238 1997}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid4155344\charrsid12532238 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid12532238\charrsid12532238 Unreported Ki}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid4155344\charrsid12532238 famunte Henry V. Uganda, Supreme Court, C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid12532238\charrsid12532238 riminal Appeal No. 10 of 1997 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid4155344\charrsid12532238 unreported) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4155344\charrsid12532238 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4155344\charrsid12532238 rule 29 (1) of the Rules of this court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12532238 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 In the present case, the appellant was indicted on the first count with defilement and on the second count with incest. The ingredients of the offence of defilement which the prosecution was supposed to prove beyond reasonabl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15886242 e doubt include the following: \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 (a) that the victim was a g}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15886242 irl under the age of 18 years. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 (b) that sexual intercourse}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15886242 took place however slight the penetration; and \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 (c) that the suspect participated in the commission of th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15886242 e alleged offence. \par \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid15886242 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 The complaint here is that the learned trial judge first believed the prosecution case before he considered the evidence for the defence in only one sentence. As regards the offence of defilement, it appears from the evidence on record that the age of the girl was not in dispute at the trial. However, for clarity, the victim }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15886242 testified that she was born in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 January, 1983 and her mother, Rose Adong confirmed the same. Dr. Oyok, PW2, put her age at 13 years and the court also observed that the girl was under the age of 18 years at the trial. The defence did not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15886242\charrsid4345309 challenge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 the question of age in any way. We think that there is overwhelming evidence on record to show that the prosecution }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15886242 had proved that element of the off}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 ence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15886242 beyond}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 rea sonable doubt and the learned trial judge was right when h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15886242 e came to the same conclusion. \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 On the second ingredient regarding sexual intercourse, the evidence of the complainant, PW3, is that she woke up due to pain in her private parts when the appellant w as in the act. The trial judge was alive to the position of the law when he stated that it is not a requirement of law that the evidence of the complainant in sexual offen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15886242 ces requires corroboration but }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 as a rule of practice, corroboration is necessary although court may convict an accused person without corroboration if it is satisfied that the complainant was truthful. However, Dr. Okello Oyok, PW2, who examined her only 72 hours after the alleged incident, found that she had inflammations on her priv ate parts and the hymen had ruptured. The learned trial judge, in our view, was justified when he found this piece of evidence to be corrobor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15886242 ative of the girl\rquote s complaint. \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 The distressed condit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15886242 ion of the complainant when she}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 was crying while narrating t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15886242 o her mother, PW3, what the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 appellant had done to her, was also corroborative of her complaint that the appellant had sexual intercourse with her. See: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid15886242 Chila V. Republic [1967]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 E. A 722. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 We think that the learned trial judge was right to hold so. He was a lso right to hold that the conduct of the appellant was not that of an innocent person when he ran away after his wife, PW3, asked \line him to account for the incident. All in all, we are satisfied that the trial judge was justified when he held that the prosecution had proved this ingre}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15886242 dient beyond reasonable doubt. \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 Finally, on whether or not the appellant participated in the alleged defilement, the learned trial judge rightly, in our view, relied on the evidence of identification. The victim testified tha t when she felt some one was on top of her and having sexual intercourse with h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15886242 er, she realized it was the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 appellant because he talked to her while pleading that she should not reveal the affairs to the mother. She easily recognized the voice of the appellant because he is her father}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15886242 . He even lured her with shs. 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 ,000/= so that she could conceal the revelation but she refused to accept the offer. The trial judge, in our view, was right to hold that the girl was not mistaken about the identity of the appellant. In fact, when the appellant\rquote s wife confronted him over the incident, he ran away, a conduct which was not consistent with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1256894 that of an innocent person. \par \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid1256894 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 As, regards the offence of incest, the prosecution was under duty to prove beyond reasonable doubt each an}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1256894 d every ingredient as follows: \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 (a) that the victim of incesLwas1to his knowledge, related to the appellant pursuant to the provisions of section }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1256894 144 (1) of the Penal Code Act.

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 (b) that sexu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1256894 al intercourse took place; and \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 (c) that it was the appellan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1256894 t who was involved in the act. \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 On ingredient (a) above, the complainant, PW3, clearly stated that the appellant is her biolog}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1256894 ical father. In the same vein, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1256894\charrsid4345309 appellant\lquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 wife, Rose Adong, confirmed that she is the mother and the appellant is the father of the girl. The defence, according to the evidence on record, conce}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1256894 ded and the matter became a non-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 issue at the trial. We think that the trial judge was justified when he held that the victim was related to the appellant in accordance with the provisions of section }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1256894 144 (1) of the Penal Code Act. \par \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid12793152 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 When considering the issue of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12793152 sexual intercourse on the first}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 count of defilement, there is overwhelming evidence on record to show that on the night of 28.1.97 the appellant had sexual intercourse with the girl. We find that he is the father of the girl, both of whom are strictly prohibited under section 144 (1) of the Penal Code Act from having sexual intercourse between th emselves with or without consent. We are also unable to fault c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12793152 onviction on the second count. \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 As there was no complaint about sentences imposed, we make no comment on the matter. In the re}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12793152 sult this appeal is dismissed. \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 Dated at Kampala this }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12793152 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid12793152\charrsid12793152 nd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12793152 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 day}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12793152 of November 2000. \par \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid12793152 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12793152 C. M. KATO \line J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 USTICE OF APPEAL \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155344\charrsid4345309 G. M OKELLO \line JUSTICE OF APPEAL \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12793152 \par S. G. 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