Owino Renald v Uganda [1995] UGSC 5 (13 September 1995)

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{\insrsid7813361 \chftnsepc \par }}\sectd \linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid5852310\sftnbj {\footer \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar \tqc\tx4153\tqr\tx8306\pvpara\phmrg\posxr\posy0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7632865 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\field{\*\fldinst {\cs17\insrsid7813361 PAGE }}{\fldrslt { \cs17\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid9399771 3}}}{\cs17\insrsid7813361 \par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri360\widctlpar\tqc\tx4153\tqr\tx8306\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin360\lin0\itap0\pararsid7813361 {\insrsid7813361 \par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}} {\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8 \pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \s15\qc \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1 \widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid9399771 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11027654\charrsid7813361 REPUBLIC OF UGANDA \line IN TILE SUPREME COURT OF UGANDA \line AT MENGO \line (CORAM: }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11027654\charrsid9399771 MANYINDO}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11027654\charrsid7813361 , }{ \b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11027654\charrsid7813361 D. C. J., ODER, J. S. C. }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11027654\charrsid9399771 AND}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11027654\charrsid7813361 }{ \b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11027654\charrsid7813361 TSEKOOKO, J. S. C.) \line }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11027654\charrsid9399771 CRIMINAL}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11027654\charrsid7813361 }{ \b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11027654\charrsid7813361 APPEAL NO. 6 OF 1995 \line BETWEEN \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11027654\charrsid9399771 OWINO}{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11027654\charrsid7813361 }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11027654\charrsid7813361 RENALD }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9399771 ====================================}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11027654\charrsid7813361 APPELLANT \line AND \line UGANDA} {\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9399771 ==========================================}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11027654\charrsid7813361 RESPONDENT \line }{\b\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11027654\charrsid7813361 (Appeal from the judgment of the Court }{\b\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9399771 of Uganda at \line Tororo (E. S. LUGAYIZI}{\b\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11027654\charrsid7813361 ) dated 3/3/95 \line }{ \b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11027654\charrsid9399771 IN}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11027654\charrsid7813361 }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11027654\charrsid9399771 CRIMINAL}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11027654\charrsid7813361 }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11027654\charrsid7813361 SESSION CASE NO. 381 OF 1994) \line }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9399771 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid9399771 {\b\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11027654\charrsid7813361 REASONS FOR THE JUDGMENT OF THE COURT: }{ \b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11027654\charrsid7813361 \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11027654\charrsid7813361 The appellant Owin o Renald, was convicted of the murder of Erasmus Okoth Owere C/S 183 of Penal Code. He was also found guilty of Robbery C/SS.272 and 273 (2) of the Penal Code. He was sentenced to death in respect of the conviction for murder but the learned trial judge r eserved conviction in respect of the offence of capital robbery. Hence this appeal. \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9399771 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11027654\charrsid7813361 We dismissed the appeal and reserved our reasons, which we now give. \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9399771 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11027654\charrsid7813361 The appellant is a clan relative of the deceased (Erasmus Okoth Owere) and his father Vicent Ogewa Gaw a (PW1). They all lived on the same village (Lwala) in Mulanda subcounty, Tororo District. For some time prior to the murder and robbery, there was general lawlessness in the sub-county due to rebel activities; Rebel activities appeared to have intensifie d after \'93Priestess Lakwena\'94 had passed through the area in September 1987. }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9399771 The appellant and some other }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11027654\charrsid7813361 people joined the rebels and appear to have been roaming about in the area. Rebels suspected PWI to have reported them to an NRA detach. On 2/12/1987 the appellant dressed in army uniform and some other rebels }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9399771 went to}{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11027654\charrsid7813361 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9399771 the home of the deceased and PW}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11027654\charrsid7813361 1 and inquired of the whereabouts of the deceased and PWI. Both PW1 and the deceased where not at home but Mary Clare Awori (PW2) the wife of the deceased was present. \line }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9399771 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11027654\charrsid7813361 On the night of 4/12/1987 the appellant in the company of other rebels while armed with guns and panga invaded the home of the deceased, seized him, tied him up and forced him to lead them to the home of PW1. They made the deceased to cause PW1 to open his shop cum residence. \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9399771 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11027654\charrsid7813361 The group tied up PW I with a rope and joined him to the deceased. While (PW2) and the wife of PW1 were made to sit in the compound, the group robbed household and shop goods. The d eceased and PWI were ther}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9399771 eafter led to PW1 cattle kraal -}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11027654\charrsid7813361 20 metres away (at gun point) where the group robbed 50 cattle though 8 of them eventually escaped and returned home. PW1 and the deceased were then led with the cattle to a swamp where the two were separated from each other before the deceased was cut to death with pangas by the appellant and one of the appellant\rquote s confederates. The appellant fired a gun twice in the air before releasing PW1. The appellant warned PWI never to divulge what had happen ed or else he would be killed. Inspite of the warning PW1 reported the murder and robbery to the army that night and to the police the following day. The appellant disappeared from the village after the commission of the offences. \line }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9399771 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11027654\charrsid7813361 In his sworn evidence, t he appellant denied the offences and raised an alibi to the effect that at the material time he was on Sagiti Island, in Lake Victoria, Iganga District. The appellant claimed that he h}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9399771 ad been abducted by Lakwena }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11027654\charrsid7813361 forces from his Lwala village on 27/10/1987. He was then forced to join a 300 force of Lakwena fighters who fought bat}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9399771 tles against NRA up to Iganga D}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11027654\charrsid7813361 i}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9399771 stric}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11027654\charrsid7813361 t where NRA d}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9399771 e}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11027654\charrsid7813361 f}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9399771 e}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11027654\charrsid7813361 ate}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9399771 d Lakwena forces be}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11027654\charrsid7813361 f}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9399771 ore} {\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11027654\charrsid7813361 th}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9399771 e ap}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11027654\charrsid7813361 p}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9399771 el}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11027654\charrsid7813361 la}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9399771 nt}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11027654\charrsid7813361 found his way to Sagiti Island. \line }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9399771 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11027654\charrsid7813361 On the Island he earned some money by smoking fish for a Luo fisherman and eventually went to Kisumu in Kenya by boat across Lake Victoria. From Kisumu he proceeded to Nairobi and thence to Thika }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9399771\charrsid7813361 Refugee}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11027654\charrsid7813361 Camp where he stayed till his return to Uganda two and a half weeks before his arrest in connection with this case on 25/9/93. \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9399771 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11027654\charrsid7813361 The learned trial judge and the one remaining assessor disbelieved the appellant. In the result the appellant was found guilty of the two offences. \line }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9399771 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11027654\charrsid7813361 Ms. Harriet Musoke learned counsel for the appellant abandoned the second of the two grounds of appeal. The remaining ground states that - \line }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9399771 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid9399771 {\b\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11027654\charrsid7813361 \'93 His Lordship the judge erred in law and fact when he held that the appellant had been properly }{\b\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9399771\charrsid7813361 identified}{\b\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11027654\charrsid7813361 at the scene of crime whereas circumstances of identification were not favourable.\'94 \line }{\b\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9399771 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid9399771 {\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11027654\charrsid9399771 Ms}{ \i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11027654\charrsid7813361 . }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11027654\charrsid7813361 Musoke su bmitted that as the robbers were many and were armed, PW1 and PW2 could not identify any of them. Mr. Ogwal-Olwa, the Principal State Attorney who appeared for the State, submitted that the circumstances were conducive to proper and unmistaken identificat ion of the appellant. \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9399771 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11027654\charrsid7813361 The facts of this case are clear. PWI and PW2 lived on the same village as the appellant whom they had known for a long time. The robbers entered the deceased\rquote s house after PW2 lit a tadoba. The tadoba remained alight all the time the appellant and his group ransacked t}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9399771 he house after tying up the }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11027654\charrsid7813361 deceased. They flashed their torches everywhere. The robbers took a whole one-hour at the home of PW2 before they led her and the deceased for a distance of 30 metres to the home of PW1. At the home of PW1, the appellant moved around freely. PW1 was very close to the appellant. Robbers flashed torches, which enabled PW1 to see the appellant easily. \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9399771 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11027654\charrsid7813361 Further the appellant spoke to PWI several times in Japadhola, their own language PW1 was familiar with appellant\rquote s voice. After the robbery at the homes of PW1 and PW2 the appellant and PW1 walked with the deceased and other robbers for about 2 kms before the deceased was killed. At the place where the murder took place, PW1 was barely 11/2 met res away from the appellant. All these matters are unchallenged. In normal circumstances it could be said that the appellant was too daring to risk identification. But this was rebel activities. The day was theirs. We are satisfied that in all these circu mstances there could not be any doubt about the identification of the appellant by either PW1 or PW2 or both. We are satisfied that there was overwhelming eviden}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9399771 ce against the appellant to warr}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11027654\charrsid7813361 ant the conclusions, which the learned judge and the assessor reached. There is however one aspect of the judgment which we must say something about. \line }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9399771 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11027654\charrsid7813361 When concluding his judgment, the learned trial judge expressed himself in the following words - \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9399771 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid9399771 {\b\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9399771 \'93I }{ \b\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11027654\charrsid7813361 would therefore find the accused guilty of the offences in counts 1 and 2; and accordingly convict him }{\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11027654\charrsid7813361 in }{ \b\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11027654\charrsid7813361 respect of count 1. (\lquote I reserve conviction in respect of count 2).\'94 \line }{\b\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9399771 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid9399771 {\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11027654\charrsid7813361 The learned judge thus properly concluded the judgment in respect of count one but not so in respect of the second county. In terms of sections 81 and }{\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11027654\charrsid7813361 85 }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11027654\charrsid7813361 of the Trial on Indictments Decree, 197 1(TIP) trial Judge must conclude the judgment by convicting an accused where that accused has been found guilty on any charge otherwise the judgment re }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9399771 mains incomplete. In normal }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11027654\charrsid7813361 circumstances we would have had to return the case to the trial Judge for him to enter a formal conviction on the second count before determining the appeal. See }{\b\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11027654\charrsid7813361 Katelega v. Uganda }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11027654\charrsid7813361 (unreported Criminal Appeal 1/94). However, in the special circumstances of this case where the Judge had properly convicted the appellant on the first count, we would apply the provisions of section 40(2) of the }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11027654\charrsid7813361 Judicature Act, }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11027654\charrsid7813361 1967 together with S.137 of TID, to enter a conviction on the second count as we are satisfied that this will not occasion any unjustice to the appellant. \line }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9399771 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11027654\charrsid7813361 For these reasons we dismissed the appeal. \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9399771 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11027654\charrsid7813361 Dated at Mengo t his 13}{\lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid11027654\charrsid9399771 th}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9399771 day of September }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11027654\charrsid7813361 1995 \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9399771 \par }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11027654\charrsid7813361 S. T. MANYINDO \line DEPUTY CHIEF JUSTICE \line }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9399771 \par A. H}{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11027654\charrsid7813361 . O ODER \line JUSTICE OF THE SUPREME COURT \line }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9399771 \par }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11027654\charrsid7813361 J. W. N. TSEKOOKO \line JUSTICE OF THE SUPREME COURT }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11027654\charrsid7813361 \par }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11027654\charrsid7813361 I }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9399771 CERTIFY THAT THIS IS A TRUE COPY OF THE ORIGINAL \par W. MASALU MUSENE }{\b\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9399771 REGISTRAR, THE SUPREME COURT.}{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9399771 }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11027654 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9399771\charrsid7813361 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9399771 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid14830933\charrsid7813361 \par }}