Raymond Otucu & anoer v Otwii Tom & 48 oers (HCT (HCT) [2008] UGHC 130 (27 June 2008) | Customary Land Ownership | Esheria

Raymond Otucu & anoer v Otwii Tom & 48 oers (HCT (HCT) [2008] UGHC 130 (27 June 2008)

Full Case Text

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D. K ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::APELLANTS

\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li360\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid4606089 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4814907\charrsid4606089 VERSUS \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4814907\charrsid4606089 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar \jclisttab\tx720\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4606089 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4814907\charrsid4606089 OTWII TOM \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4814907\charrsid4606089 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}OKWIR JAMES \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4814907\charrsid4606089 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}ALELE JAMES \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4814907\charrsid4606089 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 4.\tab}ACAN BENON \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4814907\charrsid4606089 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 5.\tab}ADONYO LUCEPO \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4814907\charrsid4606089 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 6.\tab}OJOK STEPHEN \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4814907\charrsid4606089 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 7.\tab}AROMA PE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16004136\charrsid4606089 TER & 41 OTHERS:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4814907\charrsid4606089 :::::::::::RESPONDENTS \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid4606089 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4814907\charrsid4606089 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li360\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid4606089 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid4814907\charrsid4606089 BEFORE: HON. JUSTICE REMMY K. KASULE \par \par JUDGMENT \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li360\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid4606089 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4814907\charrsid4606089 \par \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16004136\charrsid4606089 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4814907\charrsid4606089 This judgment is in respect of an appeal against the Magistrate Grade 1 (Her worship Amono Monica) Lira Court\rquote s Order dated 21.03.2006 dismissing Chief Magistrate\rquote s Court Civil Suit Number LIR \endash 00 \endash CV \endash CS \endash 0010/2001:Raymond Otucu & Ayo Otwii C. D. K versus Otwii Tom and 49 others}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16004136\charrsid4606089 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4814907\charrsid4606089 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16004136\charrsid4606089 \tab \tab The appellants were plaintiffs and respondents Defendants in the dismissed suit. \par \tab \tab On 11.03.2008 when the appeal was heard, court was informed by second appellant: Ayo Otwii C. D. K.,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3411716\charrsid4606089 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16004136\charrsid4606089 that the first appellant had died since the filing of the appeal. There is thus now one appellant, Ayo Otwii, to this appeal. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7762099\charrsid4606089 \tab \tab The appeal was filed for the appellants by Messrs Twontoo & Co. Advocates. The same firm of lawyers represented the appellants at the original}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5322684\charrsid4606089 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7762099\charrsid4606089 trial. \par \tab \tab While the second appellant was present in the day of hearing of the appeal, his Counsel from the firm of advocates representing him, was absent, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16144318\charrsid4606089 even }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6161458\charrsid4606089 in spite}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7762099\charrsid4606089 of an adjournment of the appeal for s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6161458\charrsid4606089 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7762099\charrsid4606089 me hours so as to enable the appellant get in touch with his legal Counsel. The appellant thus argued }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16591435\charrsid4606089 his appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7762099\charrsid4606089 in person as court had no basis to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6161458\charrsid4606089 adjourn the hearing.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7762099\charrsid4606089 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7817268\charrsid4606089 \tab \tab Learned Counsel Jude Otim Atiang represented the respondents. \par \tab \tab The appeal has four grounds of appeal: \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7817268\charrsid4606089 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-555\li1635\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar \jclisttab\tx1635\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1635\itap0\pararsid4606089 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7817268\charrsid4606089 That the learned trial magistrate erred in law and fact and misdirected herself when she held that the appellants had no cause of action. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7817268\charrsid4606089 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}That the learned trial magistrate erred}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5322684\charrsid4606089 in law and fact and misdirected herself when she failed to consider the relationship that existed between the appellants and the respondents.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7817268\charrsid4606089 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1080\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid4606089 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6187361\charrsid4606089 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6187361\charrsid4606089 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-555\li1635\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar \jclisttab\tx1635\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1635\itap0\pararsid4606089 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6187361\charrsid4606089 That the learned magistrate misdirected herself in failing to consider the law relating to limitation period in as far as land matters are concerned. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6187361\charrsid4606089 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 4.\tab}That the learned trial magistrate erred in law and fact in failing to consider the law relating to consent in as far as family land is concerned. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5322684\charrsid4606089 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4606089 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11936180\charrsid4606089 In the court below the appellants sued the respondents to recover damages for trespass to land, an eviction order a nd a permanent injunction restraining the respondents from remaining on, cultivating, grazing or continuing occupation or in any way interfering with the quiet possession and enjoyment of the land situate at Bar-Opuu village, Boroboro Parish, Adekokwok su b-county, Erute County, Lira District.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16208270\charrsid4606089 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11936180\charrsid4606089 \tab \tab In paragraph 4 of the plaint, the plaintiffs set out the facts constituting the cause of action: \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid11936180\charrsid4606089 \'93 4. The plaintiffs cause of action arose as follows:- \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid11936180\charrsid4606089 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-810\li1620\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar \jclisttab\tx1620\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin1620\itap0\pararsid4606089 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid11936180\charrsid4606089 The plaintiffs are bonafide holders of the estate of the late OKOT YEREMIAH and ADONYO KOKOCAL situated at Baar \endash Opuu village, Boroboro Parish, Adekokwok Sub-county, Erute County, Lira District, Uganda. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid15931043\charrsid4606089 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid15931043\charrsid4606089 That sometimes back, the first defendant and the plaintiffs\rquote paternal uncle one OTWII TOM entered into an illegal transactions of hiring and/or selling}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid5923809\charrsid4606089 of land belonging to the plaintiffs and their entire estate to the defendants.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid15931043\charrsid4606089 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid5923809\charrsid4606089 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid5923809\charrsid4606089 The defendants threaten and intend, unless restrained by this Honourable Court to remain in wrongful occupation, continue cult}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid1277434\charrsid4606089 iv}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid5923809\charrsid4606089 ating and gr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid1277434\charrsid4606089 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid5923809\charrsid4606089 z}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid1277434\charrsid4606089 i}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid5923809\charrsid4606089 ng}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid1277434\charrsid4606089 on the said land and to trespass thereon. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid1277434\charrsid4606089 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (d)\tab}Otwii is non-resident of Bar opuu. Has no buildings there even but is living in Boke parish.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid5923809\charrsid4606089 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4606089 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid1277434\charrsid4606089 5. By reason of the matter aforesaid, the plaintiffs have met \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4606089 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid1277434\charrsid4606089 gesture of aggressiveness, intimidation and threat to the \par plaintiffs\rquote lives every time they requested the defendants \par to evacuate their land. \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4606089 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid1277434\charrsid4606089 6. The cause of action arose from Boroboro Parish within \par the jurisdiction of this Honourable Court\'94 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1277434\charrsid4606089 In the summary of evidence accompanying the plaint the plaintiffs stated that they shall adduce evidence to show that they are customary owners and holders of their late }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4339788\charrsid4606089 fathers estate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1277434\charrsid4606089 at Bar-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4339788\charrsid4606089 opuu village, Boroboro, Erute County, Land District, and that the defendants have wrongfully ente}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13464555\charrsid4606089 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4339788\charrsid4606089 ed into t he said land and have wrongfully taken possession of the same}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8146473\charrsid4606089 and have thereby trespassed and are still cultivating and trespassing thereon. \par \tab \tab The defendants in their written statement of defence denie}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16144318\charrsid4606089 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8146473\charrsid4606089 the plaintiff assertions as lies and counter-claimed a}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16144318\charrsid4606089 gainst them}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8146473\charrsid4606089 asserting that they, defendants, are lawfully on the suit land either as customary owners, (1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid8146473\charrsid4606089 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8146473\charrsid4606089 , 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid8146473\charrsid4606089 rd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8146473\charrsid4606089 and rest of defendants), or by purchase (19}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid8146473\charrsid4606089 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8146473\charrsid4606089 , 10}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid8146473\charrsid4606089 th}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8146473\charrsid4606089 Defendants}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16144318\charrsid4606089 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8146473\charrsid4606089 , through being administrator of his father\rquote s estate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3352705\charrsid4606089 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16144318\charrsid4606089 (27th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8146473\charrsid4606089 defendant), or that there is no cause of action against them (11}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid8146473\charrsid4606089 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8146473\charrsid4606089 , 43}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid8146473\charrsid4606089 rd}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8146473\charrsid4606089 Defendants).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1277434\charrsid4606089 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11869824\charrsid4606089 \tab \tab A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16144318\charrsid4606089 ll }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11869824\charrsid4606089 defendants pleaded in paragraph 5 of the written statement of defence that:- \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid11869824\charrsid4606089 \'93 5. The defendants shall contend that the plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid3352705\charrsid4606089 s do not have Locus standi, have no cause of action and that the suit is incurably defective and bad in law, whereof the defendants shall pray at the commencement of the hearing that it be struck off and /or dismissed with costs\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid16144318\charrsid4606089

\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4606089 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16144318\charrsid4606089 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9527074\charrsid4606089 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3411716\charrsid4606089 Pursuant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9527074\charrsid4606089 to that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9310396\charrsid4606089 pleading}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16144318\charrsid4606089 , d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9527074\charrsid4606089 efendants Counsel raised a preliminary objection that the p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9310396\charrsid4606089 laintiffs have no cause of action against the defendants and prayed for the plaint to be struck out under }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16144318\charrsid4606089 O}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9310396\charrsid4606089 rder 7 Rule 11 of the Civil Procedure Rules.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9527074\charrsid4606089 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4606089 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4938615\charrsid4606089 \tab \tab The grounds of the preliminary objection were that plaintiffs had not attached to the plaint any }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1070190\charrsid4606089 L}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4938615\charrsid4606089 etters of Administration that they are administrators of the estate of late Okot Jeremiah, that the plaintiffs did not show in the plaint that they are of a degree of consanguinity set out in schedules 2 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16144318\charrsid4606089 9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4938615\charrsid4606089 to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16144318\charrsid4606089 S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4938615\charrsid4606089 uccession Act that entitles them to participate in the estate of Okot Jeremiah without first obtaining Letters of Administration}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14054990\charrsid4606089 to the estate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16144318\charrsid4606089 . T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14054990\charrsid4606089 hat at any rate the plaintiffs\rquote claim was ba}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16144318\charrsid4606089 rr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14054990\charrsid4606089 ed by the provisions of the Limitation Act.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4938615\charrsid4606089 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14054990\charrsid4606089 \tab \tab For the plaintiffs it was submitted in the court below that the plaintiffs averred in the plaint that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16144318\charrsid4606089 they }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14054990\charrsid4606089 were customary owners of the suit land and were suing as stake holders and beneficiaries of the land. \par \tab \tab Before this court, the appellant Ayo Otwii C. D. K. submitted that he had a cause of action against the defendants and that the court acted wrongly to dismiss the suit. He prayed court to examine the pleadings on record and allow the appeal.

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2903095\charrsid4606089 \tab For the respondents, learned Counsel Jude Otim Atiang submitted that without Letters of Administration to estates of OKOT YEREMIAH and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12342727\charrsid4606089 ADONYO KOKOCAL}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12342727\charrsid4606089 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2903095\charrsid4606089 , being part of the plaintiffs pleadings, the plaint showed no cause of action against the defendants.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1277434\charrsid4606089 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2903095\charrsid4606089 \tab \tab Further, to the extent that there was no indication of time frame as to when the defendants entered the suit land, in the plaint, the plaintiffs claim was barred by limitation as the defendants had been on the land for more than 12 years. \par \tab \tab The essence of grounds}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12342727\charrsid4606089 one (1) and three (3) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2903095\charrsid4606089 of appeal is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8586873\charrsid4606089 whether}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2903095\charrsid4606089 or not the learned trial magistrate was justified to hold that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5992834\charrsid4606089 the plaint filed in court by the plaintiffs disclosed a cause of action against the Defendants}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12342727\charrsid4606089 , and whether the plaintiff\rquote s claim was time barred under the Limitation Act. These grounds will be considered by court together. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2903095\charrsid4606089 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5992834\charrsid4606089 \tab \tab The law as to the existence of a cause of action in a plaint is that: If a plaint shows in its averments that the plaintiff enjoyed a right and that that right has been violated and that the defendant is liable for that that violation, then the plaint discloses a cause of action. \par \tab \tab In determining whether a plaint discloses a cause of action, court must only consider and look at the averments contained in the plaint. Court is not to consider extraneous matters outside the plaint. \par \tab \tab See: \par AUTO GARAGE VS MOTOKOV (NO. 3) 1971 EA 514 at page 519, \par JOSEPH MPAMYA VS AG (1996) 11 KALR 121 at p. 124 \par And \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15564386\charrsid4606089 HIGH COURT OF UGANDA HOLDEN AT GULU CIVIL APPEAL NO. 8 OF 2007 MARY OCENG & 2 OTHERS VS SANTO ADOKO, UNREPORTED}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11937418\charrsid4606089 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5992834\charrsid4606089 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11937418\charrsid4606089 \tab \tab Since now in Uganda the law i.e. Order 6 Rule 2, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15564386\charrsid4606089 of the Civil Procedure Rules, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11937418\charrsid4606089 is that every pleading must be accompanied by a summary of evidence,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15564386\charrsid4606089 in the humble view of this Court, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11937418\charrsid4606089 it would not be wrong of court, to consider what is stated in the summary of evidence when considering whether a plaint discloses or does not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15297763\charrsid4606089 disclose}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11937418\charrsid4606089 a cause of action}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12933615\charrsid4606089 . Since this is a new development in the law of Civil Procedure in Uganda, in this particular case under consideration this court shall, in de}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14299984\charrsid4606089 c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12933615\charrsid4606089 iding the issue, confine itself to what is stated in the plaint only.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11937418\charrsid4606089 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11534805\charrsid4606089 \tab \tab It was incumbent of the learned trial magistrate to look at and consider only the plaint in determining whether or not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14299984\charrsid4606089 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11534805\charrsid4606089 he plaint disclosed a cause of action. \par \tab \tab With respect to the learned trial Magistrate, she based her decision in rea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14299984\charrsid4606089 ch}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11534805\charrsid4606089 ing the decision she made by c onsidering and taking into account matters that had to be proved by evidence at the actual hearing of the case, which stage had not yet been reached by the time the preliminary objection was raised. Thus on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3939138\charrsid4606089 page 2 para 8 of her Ruling the learned magistrate holds:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11534805\charrsid4606089 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4606089 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid3939138\charrsid4606089 \'93 It is thus improper and unbecoming of a person who comes empty handed to dislodge all these persons and even if th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid12588042\charrsid4606089 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid3939138\charrsid4606089 s was not the case I think the plaintiff s sat on their rights for too long\'94. \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4606089 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3939138\charrsid4606089 \tab \tab The learned trial magistrate had had no evidence at all from the parties to reach the above conclusion. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5254035\charrsid4606089 \tab \tab The learned Magistrate then proceeded to consider the issue of consent from the plaintiffs before the defendants can transact business on the suit land and then concluded}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14299984\charrsid4606089 :-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5254035\charrsid4606089 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4606089 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid5254035\charrsid4606089 \'93 I am convinced that the land in issue is

\par customary land belonging to the plaintiff and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid16591435\charrsid4606089 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid5254035\charrsid4606089 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\super\insrsid5254035\charrsid4606089 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid5254035\charrsid4606089 and 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\super\insrsid5254035\charrsid4606089 nd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid5254035\charrsid4606089 defendants since they all come }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid16591435\charrsid4606089 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid5254035\charrsid4606089 from a common decency.\'94 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4606089 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5254035\charrsid4606089 \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14299984\charrsid4606089 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5254035\charrsid4606089 nd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14299984\charrsid4606089 then she concluded}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5254035\charrsid4606089 \par \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid5254035\charrsid4606089 \'93 The claim that the defendants needed to have \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4606089 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid5254035\charrsid4606089 consulted the plainti}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid14299984\charrsid4606089 ff before selling off or hiring o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid5254035\charrsid4606089 ut the said land to the rest of the defendants do not then stand\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid14299984\charrsid4606089 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid5254035\charrsid4606089 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4606089 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5254035\charrsid4606089 \tab \tab \tab and \par \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid5254035\charrsid4606089 \'93 It should be noted that the use or ownership }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid14299984\charrsid4606089 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid5254035\charrsid4606089 of customary land is governed by the practice, \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4606089 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid5254035\charrsid4606089 customs or traditions of the particular clan }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid14299984\charrsid4606089 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid5254035\charrsid4606089 or by local customary regulations. The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid14299984\charrsid4606089 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid5254035\charrsid4606089 plaintiff in this case did not show or make }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid14299984\charrsid4606089 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid5254035\charrsid4606089 mention of such a \par breach by 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\super\insrsid5254035\charrsid4606089 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid5254035\charrsid4606089 and 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\super\insrsid5254035\charrsid4606089 nd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid5254035\charrsid4606089 defendants\'94. \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4606089 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5254035\charrsid4606089 Basing on the above conclusions the learned tri}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14299984\charrsid4606089 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5254035\charrsid4606089 l magistrate concluded that the plaintiffs did not show a cause of action because:- \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10252918\charrsid4606089 \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid10252918\charrsid4606089 \'93 First all their own land or share is not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid14299984\charrsid4606089 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid10252918\charrsid4606089 disturbed. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid15746089\charrsid4606089 \par \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid14299984\charrsid4606089 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid10252918\charrsid4606089 Each and every party is on his or her }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid15746089\charrsid4606089

\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4606089 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid14299984\charrsid4606089 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid10252918\charrsid4606089 land. There is therefore no violation of any }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid14299984\charrsid4606089 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid10252918\charrsid4606089 right of the plaintiffs. Even if this was so time }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid14299984\charrsid4606089 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid10252918\charrsid4606089 has barred them from }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid15746089\charrsid4606089 instituting}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid10252918\charrsid4606089 the suit. }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid14299984\charrsid4606089 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid10252918\charrsid4606089 Their consent is also not necessary here\'94 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li2160\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid4606089 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15746089\charrsid4606089 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10252918\charrsid4606089 nd \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4606089 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10252918\charrsid4606089 \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid10252918\charrsid4606089 \'93 Besides, any person cultivating any land }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid14299984\charrsid4606089 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid10252918\charrsid4606089 adjoining a residential holding owned by an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid14299984\charrsid4606089 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4606089 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid10252918\charrsid4606089 intestate prior to his/her death}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid15746089\charrsid4606089 have a right to do so for as long as the person is resident there. I believe this is applicable to defendants.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid10252918\charrsid4606089 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4606089 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15746089\charrsid4606089 The learned magistrate finally held that:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11937418\charrsid4606089 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15746089\charrsid4606089 \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid15746089\charrsid4606089 \'93 I am convinced the plaintiff did not satisfy }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid14299984\charrsid4606089 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid15746089\charrsid4606089 the requirement of Order 0.7 r. 11 (a) and has }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid14299984\charrsid4606089 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid15746089\charrsid4606089 no locus standi\'94 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15746089\charrsid4606089 She then dismissed the suit as there was no cause of action. \par \tab \tab The order to dismiss the suit was itself wrong. The court should have rejected the plaint under }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3808172\charrsid4606089 O}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15746089\charrsid4606089 rder 7 Rule 11 (a) of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3808172\charrsid4606089 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15746089\charrsid4606089 ivil }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3808172\charrsid4606089 P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15746089\charrsid4606089 rocedure Rules. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2576252\charrsid4606089 Mo re fundamental however is the fact that, as born out by the above extracts from the Ruling of the learned trial magistrate, she reached her decision by considering matters that needed to be proved and had not been proved before her by any evidence from an y of the parties. They were matters}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9206766\charrsid4606089 she had to resolve upon if a full trial of the case had taken place.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2576252\charrsid4606089 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9206766\charrsid4606089 \tab \tab The learned trial magistrate ought to have restricted herself }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3808172\charrsid4606089 to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9206766\charrsid4606089 looking at the plaint only. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10493354\charrsid4606089 \tab \tab Admittedly, the plaint was badly and carelessly drawn. It is a matter of regret to the legal profession that the same is a product of a firm of lawyers. The legal profession, more than any other profession, enjoins its members to exhibit the best proficiency of expertise when handling and pursuing instruct ions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4152649\charrsid4606089 of clients. This is because, more often than not, what is being handled for the clients involves determination of their fundamental rights and obligations.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10493354\charrsid4606089 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4152649\charrsid4606089 \tab \tab In this particular case, the firm of lawyers who drew up the plaint and filed the same for th e plaintiffs, cannot be said to have measured up to that high level of professional efficiency and expertise. \par \tab \tab Be that as it may, it is clear from paragraphs 4, 5 and 6 of the plaint that, amongst the averments of the plaintiffs, is one where the plaintif fs state that the suit land belongs to the plaintiffs and that sometime back the first defendant and one OTWII TOM, through illegal transactions began hiring and/or selling the plaintiffs said land to the defendants who are now occupying and using the lan d; and have refused to leave the same. \par \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3830229\charrsid4606089 This averment, on its own satisfies the test of the existence of a cause of action: the plaintiffs as owners of the land have a right to the land, that right is being violated by illegal sale and hiring and the defen dants are liable as the ones selling and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3808172\charrsid4606089 hiring or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8586330\charrsid4606089 the ones to whom the land is being hired and sold and are wrongly occupying the land and have refused to vacate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16202797\charrsid4606089 . It cannot therefore be said that the plaint of the plaintiffs}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3808172\charrsid4606089 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16202797\charrsid4606089 on its own face}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3808172\charrsid4606089 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16202797\charrsid4606089 did not disclose a cause of action. It is a matter of evidence to be resolved upon by court as to how the plaintiffs are owners}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3808172\charrsid4606089 and how the Defendants are trespassers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16202797\charrsid4606089 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4152649\charrsid4606089 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16202797\charrsid4606089 \tab \tab From the above paragraphs 4, 5 and 6 of the plaint, the plaintiffs aver that the defendants are trespassers on the land the plaintiffs assert they own. \par \tab \tab A trespasser is one who remains in possession of the land against the will of the owner: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3808172\charrsid4606089 S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16202797\charrsid4606089 ee Christopher Katongole v Yusufu Ssewanyana (1990 \endash 1991) KALR 41 at 43.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16202797\charrsid4606089 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3808172\charrsid4606089 P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16202797\charrsid4606089 ossession would, in appropriate cases, include occupation and us}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14230466\charrsid4606089 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3808172\charrsid4606089 of land}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14230466\charrsid4606089 . Trespass is a continuous tort. To the extent therefore that the plaintiffs stated in the plaint that the defendants are in wrongful occupation and continue cultivating and grazing on the said land and to trespass thereon (paragraph 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3808172\charrsid4606089 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14230466\charrsid4606089 (c) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2359705\charrsid4606089 of the plaint) the submission and holding that the plaintiffs suit is time barred cannot be sustained since the tort of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12993397\charrsid4606089 trespass continues to go on even}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2359705\charrsid4606089 as when the case remains pending in court. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12993397\charrsid4606089 \tab \tab As to grounds number two (2) a nd four (4) the issues of relationship between the parties to the suit and consent as regards family land, are ones that are of law and fact and can only be resolved upon by court on the basis of some evidence. To the extent that the trial court purporte d to resolve them without any evidence, then that court was wrong. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2359705\charrsid4606089 \tab \tab This court allows this appeal. The order of the Magistrate Grade I, Lira, dated 21}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid2359705\charrsid4606089 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2359705\charrsid4606089 March 2006, dismissing Civil Suit No. LIR \endash 00 \endash CV \endash CS \endash 0010 OF 2001 is hereby set aside. The said suit is reinstated on the Register and it is ordered that the trial}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16591435\charrsid4606089 of the same be conducted by another magistrate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2359705\charrsid4606089 Grade I, other than }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6124311\charrsid4606089 Her}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2359705\charrsid4606089 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6124311\charrsid4606089 W}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2359705\charrsid4606089 orship Amono Monica. \par \tab \tab The appellant is awarded the costs of this appeal and those of the preliminary objection in the court below.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9206766\charrsid4606089 \tab \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2359705\charrsid4606089 \par ........................................ \par Remmy K. 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