Ssegonja Paul v Uganda [2002] UGSC 10 (10 January 2002)

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\li0\ri0\sl-259\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6962806 \f2\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 KAROKORA - JSC, KANYEIHAMBA - JSC) \par }\pard\plain \s18\qc \li0\ri0\sb163\sl-394\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f2\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid14570788 \par }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 42 OF 2000}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 \par }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\expnd28\expndtw140\cf1\insrsid14570788 \par }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\expnd28\expndtw140\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 BETWEEN \par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f2\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs26\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 \par }\pard \s16\qc \li0\ri0\sb5\sl-394\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6962806 {\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid14570788 \par }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 SSEGONJA PAUL}{\cs39\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 ::::::::}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 : }{\cs39\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 ::::::::}{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 }{\cs39\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 ::::::::}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 APPELLANT \par }\pard \s16\qc \li0\ri0\sl-394\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6962806 {\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\expnd28\expndtw140\cf1\insrsid14570788 \par }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\expnd28\expndtw140\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 AND \par }\pard \s16\qc \li0\ri0\sl-394\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14570788 {\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid14570788 \par }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 UGANDA:}{\cs39\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 \tab }{\cs39\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 ::::::::}{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 \tab }{ \cs39\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 ::::::::}{\cs39\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 \tab }{\cs39\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 :::::::: }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 RESP}{ \cs38\b\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 O}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 NDENT \par }\pard\plain \s20\qc \li0\ri0\sb240\sl-259\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6962806 \f2\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs36\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid14570788 \par }{\cs36\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 (Appeal from a decision }{\cs36\i\f0\fs26\expnd6\expndtw30\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 of}{\cs36\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 the Court of Appeal in}{ \cs36\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs36\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Kampala (Manyindo - DCJ, Kato and Twinomujuni -}{\cs36\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs36\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 JJA.) dated 08-09-2000 in Cr. App. No. 92 of}{\cs36\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs36\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 1999, arising out of the judgment of the High}{\cs36\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs36\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Court at Masaka (Akiiki-Kiiza - J) in Criminal}{\cs36\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs36\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Session Case No. 178 of 1998) \par }\pard\plain \s16\qc \li0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f2\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs26\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 \par \par }\pard \s16\qc \li0\ri0\sb72\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 REAS}{\cs38\b\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 O}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 NS F}{ \cs38\b\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 O}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 R DECISION OF THE COURT \par }\pard\plain \s21\qj \li0\ri0\sb173\sl-389\slmult0\widctlpar\tx5520\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6962806 \f2\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 The appellant, Ssegonja Paul, was jointly indicted with}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 another person, Kirigwajjo Charles, for aggravated robbery,}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 contrary to sections 272 and 273 (2) of the Penal Code. The}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 particulars of the charge were that on 11th October, 1992,}{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 at Kanywa Village, in Masaka District}{\cs42\b\f0\fs26\expnd4\expndtw20\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 , }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 they robbed John}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Ssemwogerere of his motor vehicle Registration No. 640 UAF,}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Toyota Carina, white in colour, or." Omax watch and cash of}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Shs. 30,000= and at or immediately before or immediately}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 after the said robbery used a deadly weapon, to wit, a gun}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 and a knife on the said John Ssemwogerere. Kirigwajjo was}{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 released on bail and could not be traced when the case came}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 for trial in the High Court.\tab The indictment was}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 accordingly amended and only the appellant was tried on}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 it. He was convicted of simple robbery, contrary to}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 sections 272 and 273(1) of the Penal Code Act and sentenced}{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 to 12 years imprisonment. He was also ordered to receive}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 12 strokes of the cane, to pay compensation of Shs.}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 100,000=, and to undergo Police supervision for three years}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 after serving the sentence of imprisonment. \par }\pard \s21\qj \li0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\f0\fs26\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 \par }\pard \s21\qj \li0\ri0\sb154\sl-394\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 The prosecution case was that before the incident John}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Ssemwogerere, who died after the robbery but before the}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 trial of the appellant, was a special hire taxi operator at}{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Nyendo taxi stage in Masaka Municipality. His taxi vehicle}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 was a white Toyota Carina Registration No. 640 UAF. On 11}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\super\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 th}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\super\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 October, 1995, at 6.00 p.m. he wa s hired by the appellant}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 and Kirigwajjo to take them and their luggage to Kitwe}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Village. On the way, at Kanywa, the appellant and his}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 colleague threw a rope around Ssemwogerere's neck and}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 strangled him, leaving him for dead on the road. The two}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 robbers then drove off the motor car to Mutukula at the}{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Ugandan/Tanzanian border, and tried to cross with the motor}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 car to Tanzania. They were prevented from doing so by the}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Police, because it was already mid-night. They left the}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 motor vehicle at the border post, went and spent the night}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 at a nearby lodge. By next morning, the police had become}{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 suspicious, because when they searched the car they}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 discovered a blood stained knife and a blood soaked shirt.}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 When the police contacted Masaka Police Station they were}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 informed that the car had been reported stolen. The}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 appellant and Kirigwajjo were arrested and taken to Masaka}{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Police Station, where the appellant confessed to the crime.}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 At the trial, the appellant retracted the confession.}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Nevertheless, he was convicted with the consequence we have}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 already referred to. His appeal to the Court of Appeal}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 failed. He appealed to this Court. We also dismissed his}{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 appeal, reserving the reasons for doing so, which we now}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 proceed to give. \par }\pard \s21\qj \li0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\f0\fs26\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 \par }\pard \s21\qj \li0\ri0\sb139\sl-398\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 The Memorandum of appeal, as amended with leave of the}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 court, contained three grounds of appeal as follows: \par {\pntext\pard\plain\s24 \cs39\b\i\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard\plain \s24\qj \fi-677\li1070\ri0\sb485\sl-259\slmult0\widctlpar\tx1070{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls1\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent677 {\pntxta .}}\faauto\ls1\rin0\lin1070\itap0\pararsid6962806 \f2\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Th}{\cs38\b\f0\fs26\expnd8\expndtw40\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 e}{ \cs38\b\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 learned Justices of Appeal erred in law and in}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 fact by finding that the appellant's charge and}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 caution statement had been voluntarily made and}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 properly admitted in evidence.}{\cs38\b\f0\fs26\expnd8\expndtw40\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 \par {\pntext\pard\plain\s24 \cs39\b\i\f2\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 \hich\af2\dbch\af0\loch\f2 2.\tab}}\pard \s24\qj \fi-677\li1070\ri0\sb274\sl-259\slmult0\widctlpar\tx1070{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls2\pnrnot0\pndec\pnf2\pnstart1\pnindent677 {\pntxta .}}\faauto\ls2\rin0\lin1070\itap0\pararsid6962806 {\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 The learned Justices of Appeal erred in law and fact}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 in confirming the decision of the trial court in the}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 absence of any sufficient corroboration. \par {\pntext\pard\plain\s24 \cs39\b\i\f2\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 \hich\af2\dbch\af0\loch\f2 3.\tab}}\pard \s24\qj \fi-677\li1070\ri0\sb274\sl-259\slmult0\widctlpar\tx1070{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls2\pnrnot0\pndec\pnf2\pnstart1\pnindent677 {\pntxta .}}\faauto\ls2\rin0\lin1070\itap0\pararsid6962806 {\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 The learned Justices of Appeal erred in law and fact}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 when they failed to re-evaluate the evidence on}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 record and hence reached an erroneous decision \par }\pard\plain \s21\qj \li0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f2\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs26\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 \par }\pard \s21\qj \li0\ri0\sb202\sl-384\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 In the Court of Appeal ground one was similar to ground one}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 in this appeal. \par }\pard \s21\qj \li0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\f0\fs26\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 \par }\pard \s21\qj \li0\ri0\sb163\sl-394\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6962806 {\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Mr. Henry Kunya, represented the appellant in this appeal.}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 On ground one, the learned Counsel contended that the}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 appellant's confession statement was not freely given,}{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 because he had been subjected to torture and threats at}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Mutukula, although he was not tortured at Masaka Police}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Station. At the trial within a trial to consider the}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 admissibility of the confession the appellant testified}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 that he had sustained injuries on his abdomen and shoulder}{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 as a result of the torture. In his ruling, the learned}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 trial judge observed that he had seen visible scars on the}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 appellant. The confession had been recorded three days}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 after the alleged torture. Consequently, the learned trial}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 judge considered whether the effect of the torture had been}{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 removed in view of the provisions of section 26 of the}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Evidence Act (Cap. 43) .\tab Secondly, learned Counsel}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 contended that contrary to the learned trial judge's}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 finding the confession statement was not truthful because}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 one Hussein was not referred to in the evidence of A/IP}{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Mutebi Yakubu (PW5). the Police Officer who arrested the}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 appellant, and yet the appellant said in the confession}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 that Hussein, a Tanzanian who was to buy the stolen car,}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 went with a Police Officer to the lodge on the Ugandan side}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 in which the appellant and Kiriggwajjo had slept and were}{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 arrested by the Police.\tab Another departure from the}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 confession statement concerns items alleged to have been}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 found in the car in the morning. A/IP Niwamanya Ivan (PW6)}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 testified that when the car was searched a toy Pistol, a}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 sharp knife and a shirt with blood stains were found in it.}{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 But in the confession statement, the appellant said that at}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 the Pol ice Station, the Police told him and Kirigwajjo that}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 a toy pistol and a knife had been found in the car. Where}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 there are discrepancies between a confession statement and}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 direct evidence from prosecution witnesses, Mr. Kunya}{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 submitted, the confession should not be accepted as true.}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 He relied on - }{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 RA No. 78064. Cpl. Wasswa and Another }{\cs38\b\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 -vs-}{\cs38\b\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Vganda, Cr. App. No. 49/99. (SCU) }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 (unreported). Relying on}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 the same authority, Mr. Kunya also submitted that there was }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 a delay of six days from the date the appellant was}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 a rrested to the day the confession statement was recorded}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 from him. Such a delay was criticized in the }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Cpl. Wasswa} {\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Case }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 (supra). \par }\pard \s21\qj \li0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\f0\fs26\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 \par }\pard \s21\qj \li0\ri0\sb173\sl-389\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Mr. Vincent Okwanga, Senior State Attorney, for the}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 respondent supported the conviction and sentences imposed}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 on the app ellant. He submitted that the appellant's}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 confession was made voluntarily, and that it was true. It}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 was corroborated by the appellant's possession of the motor}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 car so soon after it had been stolen. The motor vehicle}{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 was stolen early in the evening, and at 12.00 mid-night the}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 robbers arrived driving it at Mutukula.\tab In the \par }\pard \s21\qj \li0\ri0\sl-394\slmult0\widctlpar\tx1877\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6962806 {\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 circumstances, the doctrine of recent possession of stolen}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 property applies to what the appellant and his fellow}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 robber did. The presumption was that the appellant was the}{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 thief not an innocent receiver. The time involved was too}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 short for him to be an innocent receiver Mr. Okwonga}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 contended that the fact of recent possession, which the}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs36\i\f0\fs26\expnd-4\expndtw-20\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 defence never}{\cs36\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 challenged at the trial, corroborated the}{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 appellant's confession. AIP Niwamanya Ivan (PW6) and AIP,}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Mutebi Yakubu (PW5) saw the appellant and the stolen car at}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Mutukula.}{\cs37\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 \tab }{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 There was not a second car. There was}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 sufficient evidence from the two Police Officers that the }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 appellant and his companion were arrested with the motor}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 car. The time at which the appellant intended to cross to}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Tanzania was suspicious. PW6 and PW5 testified that after}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 mid-night motor vehicles were not allowed to cross the}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 border. Yet that is what the appellant and his companion}{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 wanted to do at the material time. \par }\pard \s21\qj \li0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\f0\fs26\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 \par }\pard \s21\qj \li0\ri0\sb168\sl-389\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Regarding the appellant's confession, Mr. Okwanga submitted}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 that it was recorded almost a week after the appellant had}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 been arrested, and the appellant made it voluntarily. It}{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 was so found, correctly, by the learned trial judge. \par }\pard \s21\qj \li0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\f0\fs26\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 \par }\pard \s21\qj \li0\ri0\sb158\sl-394\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 With regard to the appellant's allegation of torture and}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 the scar seen by the learned trial judge, Mr. Okwonga}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 contended that it was impossible for the appellant to have}{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 survived if he had been beaten with sticks by seven Police}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Officers for one hour as he claimed. \par }\pard \s21\qj \li0\ri0\sb19\sl-384\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 In the circumstances, Mr. Okwanga contended, the learned}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 trial judge correctly held that the confession was made}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 voluntarily and he rightly relied on it. \par }\pard \s21\qj \li0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\f0\fs26\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 \par }\pard \s21\qj \li0\ri0\sb158\sl-394\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 In this case, the record shows that the prosecution relied}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 on the appellant's confession, and his having been found in}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 possession of a recently stolen motor car, the basis on}{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 which he was convicted. There was no direct evidence from}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 the person from whom the vehicle had been robbed, since he}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 died before the appellant's trial. \par }\pard \s21\qj \li0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\f0\fs26\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 \par }\pard \s21\qj \li0\ri0\sb154\sl-394\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 In his retracted confession, the appellant gave a detailed}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 account of what happened. He related how he and Kirigwajjo}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 got a market from one Hussein of Mutukula, who wanted a}{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Carina Car and how they planned to get the car from a taxi}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 driver in Mas aka. They then chose John Ssemwogerere's car.}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 On 11-10-95, they pretended to hire him ostensibly to take}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 bread for sale. On the way, they bought a rope which they}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 put around his neck and disabled him from driving. They}{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 left him for dead and drove the car to Mutukula the same}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 night. However, they reached the Ugandan - Tanzanian}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 border too late to cross to the Tanzanian side where the}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 car was to be sold to one Hussein. They were not permitted}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 to cross. Next morning they were suspected to have stolen}{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 the car, arrested and subsequently escorted to Masaka}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Police Station, where the appellant made the confession in}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 a charge and caution statement to an Inspector of Police at}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 the time, D/ASP Obuku John Julius. The defence objected to}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 admission of the confession in evidence on the grounds that}{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 it was not made voluntarily, because it was preceded by}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 torture and threats on the appellant. A trial within a}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 trial was held to determine the admissibility of the}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 confession, after which the learned trial judge ruled in}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 favour of admission on the }{ \cs32\b\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 ground}{\cs32\b\f0\fs26\expnd2\expndtw10\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 that it was voluntarily}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 made. \par }\pard \s21\qj \li0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\f0\fs26\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 \par }\pard \s21\qj \li0\ri0\sb125\sl-403\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 In his ruling after the trial within a trial, the learned}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 trial judge said: \par }\pard\plain \s16\qj \li677\ri0\sl-240\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin677\itap0 \f2\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs26\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 \par \par }\pard \s16\qj \li677\ri0\sl-259\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin677\itap0 {\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 "Section 25 of the Uganda. Evidence Act, excludes}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 all statements induced by threats and inducement}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 from being admitted. However, section 26 of the}{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 same Act, renders a statement after the removal}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 of such threat or inducement relevant and}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 admissible. In the instant case the accused}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 states that he was not assaulted or threatened}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 while making the statement at Masaka. That he}{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 made the statement three days after his arrest.}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 That he had been beaten and threatened with death}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 while at Mutukula, if he ever admitted the}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 offence. The prosecution witness denied}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 assaulting or threatening the accused. In the}{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 case of - }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\ul\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Arikonjero Dan -vs- R. (1962) EACA,}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\ul\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 the East African Court of Appeal held that: \par }\pard \s16\ql \li576\ri0\sl-240\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin576\itap0 {\f0\fs26\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 \par }\pard \s16\qj \li576\ri0\sb139\sl-259\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin576\itap0\pararsid6962806 {\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 ". . Principle is that if the threat or}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 promise under which the first statement was}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 made still persists when the second}{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 statement is made, then the second}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 statement is inadmissib le. Only if the}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 time limit between the two statements, the}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 circumstances existing at the time and the}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 caution are such that it can be said that}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 the original threat or inducement has been}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 dissipated can the second statement be}{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 admitted as a voluntary statement." \par }\pard \s16\qj \li662\ri0\sl-240\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin662\itap0 {\f0\fs26\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 \par }\pard \s16\qj \li662\ri0\sb29\sl-259\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin662\itap0 {\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 My understanding of the above principle is that}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 if the time between the alleged making of the}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 threat and the making of the statement is long}{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 enough so as to remove any threat then such}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 statement is admissible. In the instant case,}{\cs38\b\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs38\b\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 t}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 h}{ \cs38\b\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 e }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 accused stated that he made the statement}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 after 3 days from his being- assaulted, and}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 threatened at Mutukula. In my }{\cs38\b\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 view, t}{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 h}{\cs38\b\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 e ti}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 m}{\cs38\b\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 e}{ \cs38\b\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs38\b\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 betwee}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 n }{\cs38\b\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 t}{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 h}{\cs38\b\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 e }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 alleged assault and the threats of}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 death was long enough to have such threat or fear}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 dissipated and no longer was operational on him.}{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 In any case, after carefully studying the}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 demeanours of the prosecution witnesses on the}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 admissibility, I am impressed by their}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 consistency and steadfastness in denying any}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 threats or assaults to the accused either at}{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Mutukula or Masaka. On the other hand, the}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 accused was hesitant in answering simple}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 questions put to him, relating to the}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 voluntariness of his statement.}{\cs39\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 \tab }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 putting \par }\pard \s16\ql \li720\ri0\sl-259\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0 {\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 everything into account, I hold that the}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 statement was made voluntarily." \par }\pard\plain \s21\qj \li0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f2\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs26\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 \par }\pard \s21\qj \li0\ri0\sb77\sl-384\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Regarding the procedure by which the confession statement}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 was recorded, the learned trial judge said this in his}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 ruling: \par }\pard\plain \s16\qj \li696\ri0\sl-240\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin696\itap0 \f2\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs26\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 \par \par }\pard \s16\qj \li696\ri0\sb38\sl-259\slmult0\widctlpar\tx7435\faauto\rin0\lin696\itap0 {\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 "D}{\cs38\b\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 uri}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 n}{\cs38\b\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 g }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 cross-examination, Mr. Ssegirinya, the}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 learned Counsel for the accused followed a line}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 tending to show that there should have been a}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Luganda version of the accused's statement before}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 it was translated into English; but not only one}{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 English version. It appears DC Musitwa was}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 translating from Luganda into English to D/ASP}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 O}{\cs38\b\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 buke, }{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 who was recording the statement. In the}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 case of }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\ul\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Namulobi Hasadi -vs- Uganda, Supreme}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\ul\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\ul\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Court Cr. App. No. 16 of 1991,}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 this method of}{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 recording a statement was considered by the}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Supreme Court, among other points.}{\cs39\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 \tab }{\cs39\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 \par }\pard \s16\qj \li696\ri0\sb38\sl-259\slmult0\widctlpar\tx7435\faauto\rin0\lin696\itap0\pararsid6962806 {\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 My}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 understanding of their Lordships' judgment on}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 this point is that, it agreed with both the trial}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 court and the Court of Appeal, that the method of}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 recording the statement (only English statement}{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 recorded) was not fatal; especially considering}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 their Lordships' conclusion on this point when}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 they held on page 9 of their judgment that: \par }\pard \s16\qj \li686\ri0\sb48\sl-264\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin686\itap0 {\cs38\b\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 " We }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 find no fault in the manners both the trial}{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Court and Justices of the Court of Appeal dealt}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs38\b\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 w}{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 i}{\cs38\b\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 t}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 h }{\cs38\b\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 t}{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 h}{\cs38\b\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 e }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 confession of the appellant." \par }\pard \s16\qj \li686\ri0\sl-240\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin686\itap0 {\f0\fs26\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 \par }\pard \s16\qj \li686\ri0\sb29\sl-259\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin686\itap0 {\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Actually the Supreme Court upheld the convictions}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 and dismissed the appeal. In the circumstances,}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 I find that the recording of only the English}{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 version did not prejudice the accused, as Luganda}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 has been used by D. C. Musiitwa with the accused}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 according to D/ASP O}{\cs38\b\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 buku, }{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 i}{\cs38\b\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 t }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 was read back to the \par }\pard \s16\qj \li696\ri0\sb38\widctlpar\tldot\tx3144\faauto\rin0\lin696\itap0 {\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 accused\tab I }{\cs38\b\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 t}{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 h}{\cs38\b\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 erefore, }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 hold it relevant \par }\pard \s16\ql \li696\ri0\sb14\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin696\itap0 {\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 and admissible." \par }\pard\plain \s21\qj \li0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f2\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs26\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 \par \par }\pard \s21\qj \li0\ri0\sb101\sl-389\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 The appellant was in fact, arrested at Mutukula on 12-10-}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 95, and the confession statement was recorded at Masaka on}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 18-10-95. That is about six days, not three, between the}{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 date of his arrest and the date of the statement including}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 the period taken for his transfer from Mutukula to Masaka}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Police Station- \par }\pard \s21\ql \li0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\f0\fs26\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 \par \par }\pard \s21\ql \li0\ri0\sb72\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 In his judgment, the learned trial judge said: \par }\pard\plain \s16\qj \li691\ri0\sl-240\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin691\itap0 \f2\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs26\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 \par \par }\pard \s16\qj \li691\ri0\sb34\sl-259\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin691\itap0 {\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 After holding a trial within a trial, I found}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 that the statement was voluntarily made and it}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 was accordingly admitted in evidence as exhibit}{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 PE1. In cases like the present one, only where}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 there has been a retracted or a repudiated}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 confession, the court must, before founding a}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 conviction on it, be fully satisfied in all the}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 circumstances of the case that the confession is}{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 true. The same standard and of proof is required}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 in all cas es and usually a court will only act on}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 such confession if corroborated in some material}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 particulars by independent evidence accepted by}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 court. But corroboration i}{ \cs38\b\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 s }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 not necessary in law}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 and the court may act on a confession alone, if}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 it is fully satisfied after considering all the}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 material points and surround circumstances, that}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 the confession is true. }{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\ul\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 TUWAMOI -VS- UGANDA}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\ul\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\ul\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 (1974) EA}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 84." \par }\pard\plain \s21\qj \li0\ri0\sb48\sl-389\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f2\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 \par }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 The learned trial judge considered relevant circumstances}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 earlier referred to in this judgment and held that the}{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 statement was true}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 .}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 \par }\pard \s21\qj \li0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\f0\fs26\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 \par }\pard \s21\qj \li0\ri0\sb154\sl-394\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 In its re-evaluation of the evidence, the Court of Appeal}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 said that in their view, the main issue in the appeal}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 related to the charge and caution statement of the}{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 appellant: that is whether it was made voluntarily, whether}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 the proper procedur e was followed in recording it, and}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 whether it was admitted correctly in evidence. It found}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 like the learned trial judge had done, that the appellant}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 had not been assaulted or tortured at Mutukula or at Masaka}{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Police Station. Even if he had been tortured at Mutukula,}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 the effect of such torture had dissipated when he made the}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 statement three days later at Masaka, where he was neither}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 beaten nor tortured in any way. There was a gap of three}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 clear days. None of the Police Officers who had arrested}{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 him at Mutukula was present when the appellant made the}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 confession statement. He had all the opportunity to refuse}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 to make the statement. In the circumstances, the Court of}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Appeal found that the provisions of section 2 6 of the}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Evidence Act, applied to the case. \par }\pard \s21\qj \li0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\f0\fs26\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 \par }\pard \s21\qj \li0\ri0\sb168\sl-389\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6962806 {\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 On the issue concerning the language in which the}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 confession statement was recorded, the Court of Appeal}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 found that the fact that the appellant made the statement}{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 in vernacular and it was recorded by a Police Officer in}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 English through an interpreter, was not fatal to the}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 prosecution case.}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 The Court of Appeal applied the}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 decisions of this court in }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 F}{ \cs38\b\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 esto }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 An}{\cs38\b\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 droa }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 A}{ \cs38\b\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 se}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 n}{\cs38\b\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 ua -vs-}{\cs38\b\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Uganda}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 (supra) and in }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Namulodi Hassadi -vs- Uganda}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 (supra) . It held that as long as the charge and caution}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 statement was read back to the appellant through a}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 translator and he signed it, which was done in the instant}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 case, no miscarriage of justice was occasioned to the}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 appellant. \par }\pard \s21\qj \li0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\f0\fs26\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 \par }\pard \s21\qj \li0\ri0\sb168\sl-394\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 We agree with the findings of the Court of Appeal that the}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 appellant's confession statement was correctly admitted in}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 evidence as having been voluntarily made and that the}{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 procedure followed in recording it did not cause a failure}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 of justice to the appellant. \par }\pard \s21\qj \li0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\f0\fs26\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 \par }\pard \s21\qj \li0\ri0\sb163\sl-389\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Before us, the appellant's learned Counsel argued that the}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 learned trial judge should not have accepted the confession}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 statement as true, nor should the learned Justices of}{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Appeal have agreed with that finding. This is because,}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 learned Counsel contended, there were differences in}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 certain particulars between the confession statement and}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 the evidence from prosecution witness. We make two}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 comments in this regard. First, that argument was not made}{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 before the Court of Appeal. Consequently, it does not}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 deserve our consideration. Secondly, even if it was made}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 there, the departures in the prosecution evidence from the}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 appellant's confession were too minor to affect the}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 substance of the confession as a true statement. The}{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Courts below accepted the confession as being true, rightly}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 so in our view. \par }\pard \s21\qj \li0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\f0\fs26\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 \par }\pard \s21\qj \li0\ri0\sb168\sl-394\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 We think that on the question of discrepancies between the}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 appellant's confession and the prosecution evidence, the}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 instant case is distinguishable from that of }{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Wasswa and}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Another }{\cs38\b\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 -vs- }{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Uganda }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 (supra), in which this Court found}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 that there were two significant discrepancies between the}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 contents of the appellant's confession on the one hand and}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 direct evidence of prosecution witnesses on the other. The}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 first one was that the only eye witnesses who gave evidence}{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 at the trial testified that there was only one gun man who}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 stood on the road in fron t of the advancing bus and shot at}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 its tyres once, forcing it to stop. In his confession}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 statement, however, Wasswa said that the robbers had two}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 guns. The second discrepancy related to the mode of}{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Wasswa's travel to Lyantonde, where he was arrested. The}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 e ffect of Wasswa's evidence was that he and his accomplices}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 arrived there on foot, but the evidence of the LDU Officer}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 who arrested Wasswa was that the latter arrived at}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Lyantonde in a car. \par }\pard \s21\qj \li0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\f0\fs26\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 \par }\pard \s21\qj \li0\ri0\sb168\sl-394\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 In the circumstances of that case, the Court did disagree}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 with the concurrent findings of the trial court and the}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Court of Appeal that Wasswa's confession was true because}{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 it differed with the prosecution evidence in some respects. \par }\pard \s21\qj \li0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\f0\fs26\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 \par }\pard \s21\qj \li0\ri0\sb139\sl-394\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Another argument put forward before us by the appellant's}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Counsel, which was not made in the Court below, is that}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 there was a delay in recording the confession after the}{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 appellant had been arrested. This, it is contended,, should}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 have rendered the confession unreliable. With respect, we}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 have no hesitation in saying that this criticism of the}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Court of Appeal is unjustified. The point was not raised}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 before it. In the trial court the point was not raised}{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 either by the defence counsel in his closing address.}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Consequently, the learned trial judge dealt with only one}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 aspect concerning the length of the appellant's stay in}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 detention after his arrest, before his confession statement}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 was recorded. He found that three days had elapsed and}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 that it was sufficient time for any effect of the alleged}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 } {\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 torture to have dissipated if, indeed, he had been}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 tortured, which the learned trial judge and the learned}{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Justices of Appeal concurrently found he was not. \par }\pard \s21\qj \li0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\f0\fs26\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 \par }\pard \s21\qj \li0\ri0\sb149\sl-394\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 In the circumstances, we saw no merit in the first ground}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 of appeal. It therefore, failed. \par }\pard \s21\qj \li0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\f0\fs26\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 \par }\pard \s21\qj \li0\ri0\sb144\sl-394\slmult0\widctlpar\tx5650\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6962806 {\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Mr. Kunya took the second and third grounds of appeal}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 together. He submitted that in the absence of any direct}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 evidence, there ought to have been corroboration of the}{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 appellant's retracted confession.}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 He criticized the}{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 learned Justices of Appeal for holding that as the}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 appellant had been found trying to cross to Tanzania with}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 the recently stolen car, that evidence alone was not}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 sufficient to convict him for the crime charge against him.}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 The learned Counsel contended that there was no evidence}{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 that the appellant was, in fact, found in possession of the}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 stolen car. According to the evidence of PW5 (AIP Mutebi}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Yakubu) he was found in a lodge. He was not found in the}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 car driving it. Available evidence gives only a vague}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 description of the people who went with the car to the}{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 border post. Mr. Okwanga countered this by submitting that}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 the appellant and his colleague arrived in the stolen car}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 at Mutukula border post at midnight after the car had been}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 stolen earlier in the evening. The appellant was obliged}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 to explain his possession of the car. He did not.}{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Consequently, there was a presumption that he was the thief}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 or a guilty receiver of the motor vehicle. He could not}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 have been a guilty receiver, because the period was so}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 short. With regard to possession, the evidence of PW5 and}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 PW6 (AIP Niwamanya Ivan) proved that the appellant was}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 found in possession of the stolen car. There was not}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 another car at the material time and place.}{\cs37\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 The}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 prosecution evidence that it was the appellant and his}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 companion who took the car to the border post was not}{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 challenged by the defence at the appellant's trial. The}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 fact that the appellant was in possession of the car}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 shortly after it had been stolen provided ample}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 corroboration that he was the robber. As the Court of}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Appeal found, the evidence of recent possession alone was}{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 enough to convict the appellant of the robbery of the car. \par }\pard \s21\qj \li0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\f0\fs26\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 \par }\pard \s21\qj \li0\ri0\sb158\sl-389\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 The prosecution evidence that the appellant was found in}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 possession of the stolen motor car came from two witnesses.}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 AIP, Niwamanya Ivan (PW6) and Special Police Constable}{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Mutebi Yakubu, both stationed at Mutukula border Police}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Post at the material time. AIP Niwamanya was the 0/c}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Mutukula Police Post. As far as it is relevant, his}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 evidence was: \par }\pard\plain \s16\qj \li715\ri0\sl-240\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin715\itap0 \f2\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs26\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 \par \par }\pard \s16\qj \li715\ri0\sb10\sl-259\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin715\itap0 {\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 "On 11-10-95, at about midnight I was approached}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 by P/C Omodoi that there is a motor vehicle with}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 two occupants who were seeking permission to}{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 cross the border to Tanzania. I advised the}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 occupants to wait for the morning hours and that}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 they should hire a lodge. They went to sleep and}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 left the motor vehicle at the crossing. It was}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 640 UAF Toyota Carina, white }{ \cs38\b\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 i}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 n colour. They}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 went to the lodge though they did not tell us. \par }\pard \s16\qj \li730\ri0\sl-240\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin730\itap0 {\f0\fs26\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 \par }\pard \s16\qj \li730\ri0\sb19\sl-259\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin730\itap0 {\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 On the following morning/day at around 6.00 a.m.}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 they sent one of them, information to come to}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 negotiate with the people so that the motor}{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 vehicle could be released early in the morning.}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 This led me to suspect that this motor vehicle}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 was stolen. \par }\pard \s16\qj \li725\ri0\sl-240\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin725\itap0 {\f0\fs26\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 \par }\pard \s16\qj \li725\ri0\sb29\sl-269\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin725\itap0 {\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Then I detailed Kyaligonza and SPC Ssekondwa and}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 PW4 (sic) to go and check when there people had \par }\pard \s16\qj \li682\ri0\sb48\sl-259\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin682\itap0 {\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Ch}{\cs38\b\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 ecked to t}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 h}{\cs38\b\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 e }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 lodge. They were eventually}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 broug ht and I drove the motor vehicle to the}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Police Post to check and we searched it and found}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 one toy pistol, one sharp knife with blood stains}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 and one shirt which was blood stained as well. \par }\pard \s16\qj \li682\ri0\sl-240\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin682\itap0 {\f0\fs26\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 \par }\pard \s16\qj \li682\ri0\sb19\sl-259\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin682\itap0 {\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 I communicated to Masaka to find out whether}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 there was any missing motor vehicle as I}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 suspected these people. Masaka told me that a}{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 motor vehicle was reported stolen and that they}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 were coming to collect it. Then I handed over}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 the two suspects to them. That the motor vehicle}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 had been reported stolen the previous night. The}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 suspects were called Ssengonja Paul and}{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Kirigwajjo. Ssegonya is now in court. (Accused}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 identified) . \par }\pard \s16\qj \li682\ri0\sl-240\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin682\itap0 {\f0\fs26\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 \par }\pard \s16\qj \li682\ri0\sb19\sl-269\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin682\itap0 {\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 I handed over the motor vehicle and exhibits to}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Masaka Police Officers." \par }\pard\plain \s21\ql \li0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f2\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs26\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 \par }\pard \s21\ql \li0\ri0\sb58\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 The evidence of AIP Mutebi Yakubu was that: \par }\pard\plain \s16\qj \li677\ri0\sl-240\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin677\itap0 \f2\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs26\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 \par \par }\pard \s16\qj \li677\ri0\sb48\sl-259\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin677\itap0 {\cs38\b\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 "I}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 n 1995, I was at Mutukula border Post on 12-10-}{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 95 at 6.00 a.m. my O/c sent me with two}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Policemen, to Dembe Lodge (Guest House) at}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Mutukula and that we arrest two men who had gone}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 to that lodge. \par }\pard \s16\qj \li682\ri0\sb5\sl-259\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin682\itap0 {\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 I went with Kayonza Amooti and Okur who are both}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Police Officers. }{\cs38\b\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 We we}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 n}{\cs38\b\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 t }{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 and arrested them and}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 brought them to the Police S}{\cs38\b\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 tat}{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 i}{\cs38\b\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 o}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 n. They were}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 sleeping in the same room, but on different beds.}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs38\b\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 We }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 brought them to the Police Post. I later came}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 to know their names as Ssegonja Paul and}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Kirigwajjo. I remember the people I arrested,}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 but I can see only one (accused) identified in}{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 court). I do not see the second one." \par }\pard\plain \s21\ql \li0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f2\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs26\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 \par }\pard \s21\ql \li0\ri0\sb58\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 In cross examination, SPC Mutebi said. \par }\pard\plain \s16\qj \li677\ri0\sl-240\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin677\itap0 \f2\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs26\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 \par \par }\pard \s16\qj \li677\ri0\sb43\sl-264\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin677\itap0 {\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 "In the lodge I do not remember the number of}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 people, when asked the in charge about the people}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 who had come and she took me to them. My 0/c}{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 described the suspects we were going to arrest}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 which }{ \cs33\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 I }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 also did to the reception lady at the}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 lodge's counter. My O/c had told me to arrest a}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 brown (light skinned) man and a black man who had}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 just arrived and parked the motor vehicle." \par }\pard\plain \s21\qj \li0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f2\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs26\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 \par }\pard \s21\qj \li0\ri0\sb163\sl-394\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 On the basis of this evidence, the learned trial judge}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 found that the appellant and his colleague were arrested at}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Mutukula with the stolen motor vehicle. The learned trial}{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 court said this: \par }\pard\plain \s16\qj \li706\ri0\sl-240\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin706\itap0 \f2\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs26\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 \par \par }\pard \s16\qj \li706\ri0\sb10\sl-264\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin706\itap0\pararsid6962806 {\cs38\b\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 "Bot}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 h PW6 and P}{ \cs35\b\f0\fs26\expnd4\expndtw20\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 W7}{\cs35\b\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 (sic) , the Police Officers}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 stated that the accused and his colleague were}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 arrested at Mutukula with a stolen vehicle. This}{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 vehicle had been recently stolen, just a few}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 hours before the accused and his friend arrived}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 in M}{\cs38\b\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 utukula w}{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 i}{\cs38\b\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 t}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 h i}{\cs38\b\f0\fs26\expnd8\expndtw40\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 t.}{ \cs38\b\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 A}{\cs38\b\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 s was }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 held by the S}{ \cs38\b\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 upre}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 m}{\cs38\b\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 e}{\cs38\b\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs38\b\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Court }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 in }{\cs38\b\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 t}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 h}{ \cs38\b\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 e }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 case of - }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\ul\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Bogere Moses and Anor}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\ul\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\ul\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 vs-U}{\cs38\b\f0\fs26\ul\expnd-4\expndtw-20\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 ga}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\ul\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 n}{\cs38\b\f0\fs26\ul\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 da, }{\cs38\b\f0\fs26\ul\expnd-4\expndtw-20\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Cr}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\ul\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 imin}{\cs38\b\f0\fs26\ul\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 al }{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\ul\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 A}{\cs38\b\f0\fs26\ul\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 ppeal }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\ul\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 No. 1 of 1997}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\ul\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 (unreported) that: \par }\pard \s16\qj \li1387\ri1363\sl-240\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin1363\lin1387\itap0 {\f0\fs26\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 \par }\pard \s16\qj \li1387\ri1363\sb24\sl-259\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin1363\lin1387\itap0 {\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 "I}{\cs38\b\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 t oug}{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 h}{\cs38\b\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 t }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 to be realized that where}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 evidence of recent possession of stolen}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 property is proved beyond reasonable}{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 doubt, it raises a very strong}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 presumption of participation in the}{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 stealing, so that if there is no}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 innocent explanation of the possession,}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 the evidence is even stronger and more}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 dependable than the eye witness'}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 evidence of identification . . . ." \par }\pard \s16\qj \li710\ri0\sl-240\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin710\itap0 {\f0\fs26\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 \par }\pard \s16\qj \li1418\ri0\sb24\sl-259\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid9120994 {\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 This is especially so because invariably the}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 former is independently variable, while the}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 latter depends on the credibility of the eye}{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 witness." \par }\pard \s16\qj \li1418\ri0\sl-240\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid9120994 {\f0\fs26\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 \par }\pard \s16\qj \li1418\ri1291\sb24\sl-264\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin1291\lin1418\itap0\pararsid9120994 {\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 There was no reasonable or convincing explanation}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 as to how the accused got the motor vehicle which}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 turned out to be the one stolen from Mr.}{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Ssemwogerere John. \par }\pard \s16\qj \li1418\ri1291\sl-240\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin1291\lin1418\itap0\pararsid9120994 {\f0\fs26\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 \par }\pard\plain \qj \li1418\ri1291\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin1291\lin1418\itap0\pararsid9120994 \f2\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\i\f0\fs26\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 In my opinion a motor vehic le is not a commodity which can change horns easily, e.g. within a few hours. To counter all this, the accused in his unsworn evidence, testified to the effect that on the material day, he had met his brother from Mutukula, presumably in Masak a , made an appointment to go and join him in Mutukula but failed to get him, before he was picked up by the Police on this charge. In my opinion his story is too good to be true. In any case, he looked hesitant while testifying and struck me as someone mak ing up a story to deceive the court. \par }\pard\plain \s16\qj \li1418\ri1291\sl-240\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin1291\lin1418\itap0\pararsid9120994 \f2\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs26\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 \par }\pard \s16\qj \li1418\ri1291\sb14\sl-259\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin1291\lin1418\itap0\pararsid9120994 {\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Putting everything into consideration, I dismiss}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 his story in court as mere lies and I prefer the}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 evidence from the prosecution whose witnesses}{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 impressed me as truthful and reliable and his own}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 confession as the }{\cs38\b\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 trut}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 h. I }{\cs38\b\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 war}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 n }{ \cs38\b\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 t}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 h}{\cs38\b\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 e as}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 s}{ \cs38\b\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 essors as}{\cs38\b\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 I warn myself now, to convict on circumstantial}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 evidence, but I am satisfied that in this case,}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 it leaves no room whatsoever as to the accused's}{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 participation in stealing of the motor vehicle}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 belonging to the complainant. There is evidence}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 on the record that the accused helped tighten the}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 rope around John Ssemwogerere's neck, but even it}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 was his colleague who did, both had common}{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 intention, to commit the crime as they jointly}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 planned it and successfully executed it.}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 All in all I find that the state has proved}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 beyond reasonable doubt the participation of the}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 accused in this crime." \par }\pard\plain \s21\qj \li0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f2\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs26\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 \par }\pard \s21\qj \li0\ri0\sb53\sl-389\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 The learned Justices of Appeal, rightly so in our upheld}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 the trial court's finding that the appellant and his}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 companion were found in possession of the complaint's motor}{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 vehicle with which they tried to cross into Tanzania so}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 soon after it had been stolen. As the learned Justices of}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Appeal said, this was a damning evidence against the}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 appellant. They continued: \par }\pard\plain \s16\qj \li706\ri0\sl-240\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin706\itap0 \f2\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs26\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 \par \par }\pard \s16\qj \li706\ri0\sb10\sl-264\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin706\itap0 {\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 "On the doctrine of recent possession, the}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 appellant could have been convicted on this}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 evidence alone as he did not give any account of}{ \cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 how he came to possess the car." \par }\pard\plain \s21\ql \li0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f2\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs26\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 \par }\pard \s21\ql \li0\ri0\sb187\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 In our view, that conclusion cannot be faulted. \par }\pard \s21\qj \li0\ri0\sb48\sl-398\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 In the result we agreed with the Court of Appeal that the}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 appellant was properly convicted of simple robbery,}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 contrary to sections 272 and 273(1) of the Penal Code Act. \par }\pard \s21\ql \li0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\f0\fs26\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 \par \par }\pard \s21\ql \li0\ri0\sb48\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Accordingly, we dismissed this appeal. \par }\pard \s21\qj \li0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\f0\fs26\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 \par }\pard \s21\qj \li0\ri0\sb178\sl-394\slmult0\widctlpar\tx8016\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6962806 {\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Our attention has been drawn to the decision of the Court}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 of Appeal in }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Criminal Appeal No. 14 of 2000, Sewankambo}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Francis and two Others }{\cs38\b\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 -vs- }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Uganda }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 made on 01-06-2001 and}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 to the ruling of the Constitutional Court by a majority of}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 three to two dated 14-12-2001, in Constitutional Reference}{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 No. 10 of 2000, }{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Kamanwywa Simon }{\cs38\b\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 -vs- }{ \b\i\f0\fs26\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Uganda}{\cs38\b\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 .}{\cs38\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 The}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 respective judgment and ruling are to the effect that}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 corporal punishment is inconsistent with article 24 of the}{ \cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 Constitution. This Court would deal with the issue of}{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 }{\cs37\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 corporal punishment if and when it is properly before it. \par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f2\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs26\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 \par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\sb158\widctlpar\tx4502\tx6883\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 D}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 ated at Kampala this 11}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\super\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 th}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806 day of January 2002.}{\cs39\b\i\f0\fs26\cf1\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 \par }\pard\plain \s25\ql \fi120\li3317\ri0\sl-240\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin3317\itap0 \f2\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs26\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 \par \par }\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6962806 \f2\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\i\f0\fs26\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 B. J ODOKI \par CHIEF JUSTICE \par \par A. H. O. ODER \par JUSTICE OF THE SUPREME COURT \par \par J. W. N. TSEKOOKO \par JUSTICE OF THE SUPREME COURT \par \par A. N. KAROKORA \par JUSTICE OF THE SUPREME COURT \par \par G. W. KANYEIHAMBA \par JUSTICE OF THE SUPREME COURT \par }{\insrsid6962806\charrsid6962806 \par }}