Tim Kabaza & 2 Ors v Chatha Investments Ltd (Miscellaneous Application No.745 of 2007) [2008] UGSC 5 (31 March 2008)

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}{\b\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid525338\charrsid15608675 IN THE HIGH COURT OF UGANDA AT KAMAPALA \par MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATION NO.745 OF 2007 \par (Arising from C. S. No.489 of 2007) \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15608675 {\b\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid525338\charrsid15608675 \par 1. TIM KABAZA ) \par 2. DOMINIC ENJIKU )\tab \tab ::::::::::::::::::::::::::\tab APPLICANT \par 3. TOM O. ORECH ) \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15608675 {\b\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid525338\charrsid15608675 VERSUS \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15608675 {\b\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid525338\charrsid15608675 CHATHA INVESTIMENTS LTD ::::::::::::::::::::::\tab RESPONDENT \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15608675 {\b\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid525338\charrsid15608675 BEFORE: HON. JUSTICE RUBBY AWERI OPIO \par \par }{\b\ul\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid525338\charrsid15608675 RULING \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15608675 {\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15618977\charrsid15608675 \par }{\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid525338\charrsid15608675 The application was brought by Chamber Summons under order 41 rules 1 and 9 of the Civil Procedure rules and Section 98 of the Civil Procedure Act. The Application was for orders that:

\par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\insrsid525338\charrsid15608675 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (i)\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15608675 { \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid525338\charrsid15608675 A temporary injunction be issued against the Respondent restraining it }{\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid10496768\charrsid15608675 from erecting}{ \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid11230904\charrsid15608675 a perimeter fencing of LRV 3437 Folio 1 and LRV}{\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid525338\charrsid15608675 3437 Folio 2 until }{ \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid11230904\charrsid15608675 the }{\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid525338\charrsid15608675 determination of the main suit; \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15608675 {\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid525338\charrsid15608675 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\insrsid525338\charrsid15608675 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (ii)\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15608675 { \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid525338\charrsid15608675 The costs of the application be provided for. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15608675 {\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid10496768\charrsid15608675 \par The grounds for the application were contained in the affidavits of Mr. Katongole and that of Tim Kabanza. The grounds were briefly that:- \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\insrsid10496768\charrsid15608675 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15608675 { \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid10496768\charrsid15608675 The Respondent was about to commit an act of pub}{\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid2907963\charrsid15608675 lic nuisance by fencing off the}{ \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid10496768\charrsid15608675 property comp rised in LRV 3437 Folio 1 and LRV 3437 Folio 2 which was in a road reserve and which house septic tanks connected to the sewerage system for the use of the residents of Kyambogo Lower Estate. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\insrsid10496768\charrsid15608675 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}The Applicants have filed a suit in the High Court to stop any d evelopment which would cause a perimeter fencing of the suit property which suit was still pending in court. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15608675 {\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid10496768\charrsid15608675 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\insrsid10496768\charrsid15608675 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15608675 { \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid10496768\charrsid15608675 It would be just and equitable that the Respondent is stopped from}{\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15859836\charrsid15608675 erecting a perimeter fencing on}{ \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid10496768\charrsid15608675 the suit property pending the determination of the substantive suit. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15608675 {\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid10496768\charrsid15608675 \par The application was opposed by the Respondent by way of three affidavits, the 1}{\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid10496768\charrsid15608675 st}{\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid10496768\charrsid15608675 and 2}{ \lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid10496768\charrsid15608675 nd}{\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid10496768\charrsid15608675 sworn by the Respondent\rquote s Managing Director and the 3}{ \lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid10496768\charrsid15608675 rd}{\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid10496768\charrsid15608675 one sworn by a local resident of the area. \par \par During the hearing the Applicants were repr esented by Mr. Kibuka-Musoke while the Respondent was represented by Mr. Mubiru. Mr. Kibuka-Musoke submitted inter alia that the Applicants were residents of Kyambogo Lower Estate where they use common facility for sanitation in the form of septic tanks a nd the channels leading to those tanks were found on the suit property. That the Respondent was given an offer by Kampala City Council on 2/2/2007 to carry out excavation works on the suit property and among other things, they were given terms and condit ions for the developments. According to the affidavit of}{\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid5797576\charrsid15608675 Mr. Katongole, the Respondent }{\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid10496768\charrsid15608675 had flouted their terms and conditions by planning to erect a perimeter fencing which }{\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid5797576\charrsid15608675 would }{\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid10496768\charrsid15608675 block the Applicants from accessing the way-leave which carries the septic tanks connected to the sewerage system which serves their estate and that the Applicants were i}{\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid5797576\charrsid15608675 njured by the erection of the }{\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid10496768\charrsid15608675 fence because it would prevent them from having access to the way-leave and therefore access to the sewerage system and its channels for the purpose of repair or repl}{\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid5797576\charrsid15608675 acement in cases of damages, an}{\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid10496768\charrsid15608675 act which would contravene section 160 of the Penal Code Act. \par }{\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3489732\charrsid15608675 \par Mr. Kibuka-Musoke contended that the above acts of the Respondent would amount to both private and public nuisance and both civi l and criminal in nature. Mr. Kibuka continued and submitted that the Applicants had established a sustainable case against the Respondent in so far as the acts of the Respondent were unlawful and was being resisted in that while the Applicants were plea ding nuisance, NEMA had ordered the Respondent to put back the suit premises as far as possible to their original form. Counsel accordingly co}{\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15674026\charrsid15608675 ncluded that the Applicants had}{ \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3489732\charrsid15608675 fulfilled all the conditions necessary for the grant of a temporary injunction as stated in }{\b\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3489732\charrsid15608675 Giella Vs Casman Brown [1973] EA 358:- }{\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3489732\charrsid15608675 \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\insrsid3489732\charrsid15608675 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1)\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15608675 { \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3489732\charrsid15608675 That the Applicant has to demonstrate a prima facie case with a probability of success in the main suit. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15608675 {\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3489732\charrsid15608675 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\insrsid15674026\charrsid15608675 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2)\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15608675 { \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15674026\charrsid15608675 That the Applicant would}{\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3489732\charrsid15608675 suffer irreparable damages. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15608675 {\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3489732\charrsid15608675 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\insrsid3489732\charrsid15608675 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3)\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15608675 { \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3489732\charrsid15608675 That where the court is in doubt it has to decide on the balance of convenience. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15608675 {\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid868500\charrsid15608675 \par Mr. Mubiru in his submission opposed the application. The learned Counsel contend that the granting of the temporary injunction would not be proper in that it would itself dispose of the main suit. Counsel relied on the case of }{ \b\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid868500\charrsid15608675 UMSC Vs Sheikh Kassim Mulumba [1988] HCB 110. \par \par }{\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid868500\charrsid15608675 Secondly the learned Counsel submitted that the Applicants in this suit had no locus standi in bringing the suit as members of the Kyambogo Lower Estate community without seeking authority by was of a representative order from this court to sue for and on behalf of the other members of the community. For that position, Counsel relied on the case of }{\b\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid868500\charrsid15608675 Z. K. Sentongo Vs Shell (U) Ltd [1995] 3 KALR 1. }{\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid868500\charrsid15608675 For that reason the learned Counsel prayed that the application should be struck out. \par \par Thirdly, the learned Counsel contended that the denial of access to septic tank was out of question because the Respondent had arranged to build separate septic tank, which would cater for the need of the four houses that would be affected by the building of the wall. Counsel submitted that the Applicants were not using the services of the septic tank and would not in any way be affected since their homes were far away and therefore not affected by the relocation. That t he Applicants have their own septic tanks 500 metres away. The learned Counsel accordingly concluded that the Applicants had not established conditions for the grant of a temporary injunction. \par \par It is now settled law that when court is considering the application for a temporary injunction it must bear in mind that its purpose is to preserve the stats quo in respect of a matter in dispute: }{ \b\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid868500\charrsid15608675 NITCO Ltd Vs Hope Nyakairu [1992-93] HCB.}{\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid868500\charrsid15608675 The following principles should be born in mind while considering an applica tion for a temporary injunction:- \par }{\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12715255\charrsid15608675 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\insrsid12715255\charrsid15608675 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1)\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx0\jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15608675 { \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12715255\charrsid15608675 The Applicant has to show that he has a prima facie case with a probability of success in the main suit. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15608675 {\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9969577\charrsid15608675 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\insrsid9969577\charrsid15608675 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2)\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15608675 { \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9969577\charrsid15608675 The Applicant has to show that he is likely to suffer irreparable damages if the injunction is denied.}{\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12715255\charrsid15608675 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15608675 {\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9969577\charrsid15608675 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\insrsid9969577\charrsid15608675 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3)\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15608675 { \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9969577\charrsid15608675 If court is in doubt as to the above two considerations it will decide the application on the balance of convenience: \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15608675 {\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9969577\charrsid15608675 \par See: }{\b\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9969577\charrsid15608675 Robert Kavuma Vs Hotel Inernational, Supreme Court Civil Application No. 8 of 1990 }{\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9969577\charrsid15608675 (unreported). \par \par In considering the above principles, the court should bear in mind the following guidelines:- \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\insrsid9969577\charrsid15608675 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx360\jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15608675 { \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9969577\charrsid15608675 That temporary injunctions are discretionary orders and}{\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid8415713\charrsid15608675 therefore}{ \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9969577\charrsid15608675 all the facts of the case }{\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid8415713\charrsid15608675 must be considered and balanced judicially. }{ \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9969577\charrsid15608675 \par }\pard \qj \li360\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid15608675 {\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9969577\charrsid15608675 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\insrsid9969577\charrsid15608675 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15608675 { \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9969577\charrsid15608675 That the same being an exercise of judicial discretion, there are no fixed rules and t}{\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid8415713\charrsid15608675 he v}{ \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9969577\charrsid15608675 eting may be kept flexible. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15608675 {\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9969577\charrsid15608675 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\insrsid9969577\charrsid15608675 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15608675 { \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9969577\charrsid15608675 The court should not attempt to resolve issues related to the main suit: See: }{\b\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9969577\charrsid15608675 Prof. Peter Anyang \lquote Nyong\rquote O & others Vs The Attorney General of Kenya & others; East African Court of Justice Case Ref. No 1 of 2006 }{\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9969577\charrsid15608675 (unreported). \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15608675 {\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9969577\charrsid15608675 \par I must first deal with a very important point raised by Mr. Mubiru on the locus standi of the Applicants, where he contended inter alia, that }{\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid8129817\charrsid15608675 the Applicants had no locus standi to bring the suit claiming to be members of Kyambo go Lower Estate without getting a representative order from court. Mr. Kibuka-Musoke in reply submitted that the Applicants had brought the matter in their individual capacities because they had been denied access to the septic tank by the Respondent. I have perused the plaint in question. Paragraph 4 th}{\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4525228\charrsid15608675 ereof states that the Plaintiff}{\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid8129817\charrsid15608675 s}{ \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4525228\charrsid15608675 \rquote }{\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid8129817\charrsid15608675 claim against the Defendant is for acts of public nuisance, stopping them and other residents of the Lower Kyambogo Estate from accessing the way-leave in that area, bloc king an access to the sewerage system and channels leading thereto. It is clear from the above that the Plaintiffs sued the Defendant in their respective capacities for the acts o}{\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4525228\charrsid15608675 f}{ \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid8129817\charrsid15608675 the Defendant which had affected them as members of Lower Kyambogo communi ty individually. Therefore, the Plaintiffs did not have to sound a bell for a representative action since their rights were allegedly infringed individually although the same affected many members within their community. Therefore this was not a class a ction as known in our Civil Procedure Rules. The Plaintiffs only joined in the action simply because their claims arose out of the same transactions and they did not want duplicity of suits. I think that was being kind to the Defendant.}{ \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9969577\charrsid15608675 \par }{\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid8129817\charrsid15608675 \par T}{\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid11026310\charrsid15608675 here was also co ntention that the Plaintiffs did not have locus standi in that their homes were far from the septic tank and were not using the same. First of all the above contention was not borne of any evidence. It was therefore submission from the bar. Ho}{ \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15941464\charrsid15608675 wever, there was evidence by way}{\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid11026310\charrsid15608675 of affidavit that the Applicants would be denied access to public septic tanks by the acts of the Respondent. That would clearly constitute a cause of action in nuisance. Above all, the cause of action seems to be on enforcement of environmental rights. It is trite law that environmental health rights can be enforced by anybody under Article 50 of the Constitution whether such a person is interested or not in the subject matter. It is not in dispute that NEMA had drawn issues aga inst the activities of the Respondent in this matter.}{\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid8129817\charrsid15608675 \par }{\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid11026310\charrsid15608675 \par Therefore anyone with such a background could take up the matter before court for its enforcement in the manner the Applicants did. See: }{\b\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid11026310\charrsid15608675 Advocates Coalation for }{ \b\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1065749\charrsid15608675 Development (ACODE) Vs Attorney General; Green Watch Vs Attorney General & Another.}{\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid11026310\charrsid15608675 \par }{\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1065749\charrsid15608675 \par As far as the merits of this application is concerned, I have noted that}{\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1131491\charrsid15608675 the }{\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1065749\charrsid15608675 acts the Applicants are complaining against are both criminal and civil in nature. A public nuisance is both a criminal and civil ma tter. The activities of the Respondent have also drawn concern from NEMA and Uganda Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company. NEMA in particular got concerned and put a halt to any further development by the Respondent. The Uganda Electricity D istribution Company also raised issue about the activities of the Respondent to comply with the restoration order. In those circumstances I find that the Applicants have clearly established a prima facie case with probability of success in the main suit.

\par \par As far as irreparable injuries are concerned, I do agree that it is very difficult to assess damages caused by nuisance in monetary terms because it concerns mainly inconvenience. Moreover the inconvenience here is related to the rights to a healthy envi ronment. There is also the issue of degradation involved in the matter. This may result into serious consequences on the environment, which may not only affect the Applicants but future generations. Such injuries may not be atoned in damages. For the above reasons I find that the Applicants have also established that they are likely to suffer irreparable damages. \par \par Lastly, on the balance of convenience, court has to decide on the right to}{\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid6573978\charrsid15608675 a clean and}{\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1065749\charrsid15608675 health}{ \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid6573978\charrsid15608675 y environment }{\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1065749\charrsid15608675 and the right of ownership and use of property. The cardinal principle is that there must be sustainable use of property. In this case there is concern from the Applicants that the Respondent\rquote s activities are likely to deny them access to septic tanks, which would inflict on their right to a clean and health}{\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid6573978\charrsid15608675 y}{\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1065749\charrsid15608675 environment. The activities of the Respondent have also drawn concern from NEMA and the Uganda Electricity Distribution Company Limited in terms of environmental degradation}{\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid8744687\charrsid15608675 . NEMA has issued restoration order against the Respondent. It would thus appear from the above circumstances that the balance of convenience to maintain the status quo is in favour of the Applicants as opposed to the Respondent.}{ \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1065749\charrsid15608675 \par }{\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid8744687\charrsid15608675 \par For the above reasons I find that the Applicant ha}{\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid6637697\charrsid15608675 s}{\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid8744687\charrsid15608675 fulfilled the requirements for the grant of a temporary injunction. Considering the nature of the dispute}{\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid6573978\charrsid15608675 , }{\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid8744687\charrsid15608675 the injunction to be issued should have a fixed period of six months. Parties should therefore ensure that the main suit is determined within the above period. Costs of this application shall be in the cause. \par }{\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid11169589\charrsid15608675 \par \par }{\b\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid11169589\charrsid15608675 HON. JUSTICE RUBBY AWERI OPIO \par JUDGE \par 31/3/2008 \par \par }{\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid11169589\charrsid15608675 Kibuka-Musoke for the Applicant. \par Joy Ntambirweki for the Respondent. \par \par }{\b\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid11169589\charrsid15608675 Court: }{\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid11169589\charrsid15608675 Ruling read in Chambers as in open court. \par \par \par }{\b\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid11169589\charrsid15608675 HON. JUSTICE RUBBY AWERI OPIO \par JUDGE \par 31/3/2008. \par }{\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid10496768\charrsid15608675 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15608675 {\b\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid525338\charrsid15608675 \par }}