Triangle Ltd. v Phiri (Civil Appeal 279 of 2002; SC 107 of 2004) [2004] ZWSC 107 (15 December 2004) | Unlawful dismissal | Esheria

Triangle Ltd. v Phiri (Civil Appeal 279 of 2002; SC 107 of 2004) [2004] ZWSC 107 (15 December 2004)

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Civil Appeal No. 279/02 Judgment No. SC 107/04 TRIANGLE     LIMITED     v     KHUMBULANI     PHIRI SUPREME COURT OF ZIMBABWE CHIDYAUSIKU CJ, ZIYAMBI JA & MALABA JA HARARE, SEPTEMBER 23 & DECEMBER 16, 2004 G Mamvura, for the appellant D T Mwonzora, for the respondent ZIYAMBI JA:  The appellant appeals against an assessment of damages made by the Tribunal in this matter. On   May   23   2001   the   Tribunal   ordered   the   appellant   to   “reinstate   the respondent with no loss of salary or benefits”.    In the event that reinstatement was no longer   an   option   the   appellant   was   ordered   to   pay   to   the   respondent   damages,   the quantum of which the parties were to agree upon, failing which either party could set the matter down before the Tribunal for quantification of the damages payable. The   matter   was   argued   before   the   Tribunal   which   ordered   that   the respondent be paid: SC  107/04 “ … all salary and benefits from the date of the unlawful dismissal to the date of judgment (19 June 2001) together with interest at the prescribed rate.” The unlawful dismissal took place on 21 February 1996. The main ground of appeal advanced by the appellant is that the Tribunal erred in law in making an assessment of damages in the absence of any evidence that the respondent had made efforts to obtain “alternative employment”.   It was contended that the Tribunal ought to have called for evidence as to “the reasonable period that it would take a person in the position of the respondent to obtain similar employment”.    It was submitted that the oral submissions made by the respondent’s legal practitioner did not qualify as evidence for this purpose. In   making   its   assessment   of   the   damages   due,   the   Tribunal   relied   on submissions made by the respondent’s legal practitioner to the effect that the respondent had tried to mitigate his loss by seeking alternative employment without success.     By relying on those submissions without having heard evidence to substantiate them, the Tribunal misdirected itself. In Clan Transport Company (Private) Limited v Clan Transport Workers Committee SC 1/02, it was held at p 3 of the cyclostyled judgment that: “The   fact   that   there   is   no   evidence   of   such   mitigation   on   the   part   of   the respondents of their loss is justification for interference by this Court with the award made.” SC  107/04 See  Gauntlett Security Services (Private) Limited v Leonard 1997 (1) ZLR 583. In that case this Court observed at p 588: “Since the respondent’s contract of employment was not one of fixed duration or terminable by the appellant upon notice given, I consider it was incumbent upon the Tribunal to call for evidence as to the reasonable period it would take a person in   the   position   of   the   respondent   (disregarding   the   injury)   to   obtain   similar employment.    And having made the necessary finding, then to deduct from the monthly wages paid by the appellant, the amount the respondent actually earned or   could   reasonably   have   earned   during   such   period.       It   follows   that   the Tribunal’s   calculation   of   the   damages   suffered   was   badly   flawed.       Even   the award of back pay as a separate item was wrong.   Only a single indivisible sum was to be specified as damages.” In view of the misdirection by the court a quo, the order cannot be allowed to stand. Accordingly the appeal is allowed with costs.   The order of the Tribunal is set aside.   The matter is remitted to the Tribunal for assessment of the quantum of damages after hearing evidence. CHIDYAUSIKU CJ:     I agree. MALABA JA:     I agree. Scanlen & Holderness, appellant's legal practitioners SC  107/04 Mwonzora & Associates, respondent's legal practitioners