Uganda v Asani Siraji (CRIMINAL SESSION CASE NO. 0083 OF 2006) (CRIMINAL SESSION CASE NO. 0083 OF 2006) [2008] UGHC 16 (21 August 2008)

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\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\fs26\insrsid4537744 THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA \par }\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8090652 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\b\fs26\insrsid4537744 \par }\pard\plain \s20\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8090652 \b\fs26\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid4537744 IN THE HIGH COURT OF UGANDA AT JINJA \par }\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8090652 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\b\fs26\insrsid4537744 \par CRIMINAL SESSION CASE NO. 0083 OF 2006 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8090652 {\b\fs26\insrsid4537744 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8090652 {\b\fs26\insrsid4537744 UGANDA::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::PROSECUTOR \par \par }\pard\plain \s1\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\keepn\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8090652 \fs32\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\b\fs26\insrsid4537744 VERSUS \par }\pard\plain \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8090652 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\b\fs26\insrsid4537744 \par ASANI SIRAJI::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::ACCUSED \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8090652 {\b\fs26\insrsid4537744 \par \par BEFORE: }{\b\fs26\ul\insrsid4537744 HON. LADY JUSTICE IRENE MULYAGONJA KAKOOZA}{\fs26\insrsid4537744 \par \par }\pard\plain \s2\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\keepn\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8090652 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\fs26\insrsid4537744 JUDGMENT \par }\pard\plain \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8090652 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\fs26\insrsid4537744 The accused is indicted for the offence of defilement contrary to s. 129 (1) of the Penal Code Act. It was stated in the indictment that on the 27}{\fs26\super\insrsid4537744 th}{\fs26\insrsid4537744 day of February 2004 at Nsinda village in Mayuge District, Asani Siraji had unlawful carnal knowledge of Loy }{\fs26\insrsid12412762 Kadondi}{\fs26\insrsid4537744 , a girl under the age of 18 years. The accused pleaded not guilty to the indictment and the prosecution called 4 witnesses to prove its case. The accused affirmed and gave evidence in his defence. \par \par The prosecution case was that on the 27}{\fs26\super\insrsid4537744 th}{\fs26\insrsid4537744 day of February 2004 Loy}{\fs26\insrsid12412762 Kadondi}{\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\fs26\insrsid12412762 (the complainant)}{\fs26\insrsid4537744 was at home in Nsinda village, Wainha sub-county in Mayuge district. Yeseri Magino, her father who testified as PW2, had left her at home alone. Her mother Esther Kahendeke (PW3) was also away attending a funeral at her parent\rquote s home in Namutumba. The accused went to }{\fs26\insrsid12412762 the complainant}{\fs26\insrsid4537744 \rquote s home and found her removing beddings to the house. After establishing that there was no one else at home with the child the accused put a polythene sheet on the ground and asked }{\fs26\insrsid12412762 the complainant}{\fs26\insrsid4537744 to lie down on it. He promised that he would buy her chapati (a pancake). }{\fs26\insrsid12412762 The complainant}{\fs26\insrsid4537744 who was then only four years old obliged. The accused removed her knickers and proceeded to defile her. \par \par Magino}{\fs26\insrsid12412762 (PW2)}{\fs26\insrsid4537744 happened to come back home while the accused was still defiling the child and he heard her crying. When }{\fs26\insrsid12412762 PW2 }{\fs26\insrsid4537744 approached the accused got off the girl and run to the back of }{\fs26\insrsid12412762 PW2}{\fs26\insrsid4537744 \rquote s house. }{\fs26\insrsid12412762 PW2}{\fs26\insrsid4537744 called after him and the accused came back. }{\fs26\insrsid12412762 PW2 }{\fs26\insrsid4537744 confronted the accused about defiling the child but the accused denied that he had done anything to the child. When }{\fs26\insrsid12412762 PW2}{\fs26\insrsid4537744 asked the child, the child told him that Siraji had been lying on top of her. }{\fs26\insrsid12412762 He }{\fs26\insrsid4537744 then entered the house, lit a lamp and inspected the child and found that her knickers had been removed and she had fresh semen on her thighs. \par \par PW2 reported the matter to the LC1 Chairman }{\fs26\insrsid12412762 Cosmas Wako }{\fs26\insrsid4537744 (PW4) who forwarded the matter to the police. Accused had also been arrested and taken to PW4\rquote s home. When the PW4 confronted the accused about the incident, accused confessed that he defiled the girl but also added that he did not know what came over him; accused asked for forgiveness. Accused was the same night take n to Buluba Police Post where he was re-arrested. He was later transferred to Mayuge Police Station and indicted for the offence. \par \par }\pard\plain \s21\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8090652 \fs26\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid4537744 On his part, the accused denied that he committed the offence. He testified that on the day that he was arrested, he was asleep in his house at his Aunt Rose\rquote s house. That at about 9.00 p.m. in the night a group of people went to the house and arrested him. The accused testified that on the fateful day, he attended to his }{\insrsid12412762 employer}{\insrsid4537744 Isakwa\rquote s cattle from 7.00 a.m. till late. That on the same day Magino gave him work to do but he did not go to }{\insrsid12412762 PW2\rquote s }{\insrsid4537744 home; accused denied ever having gone to }{\insrsid12412762 PW2\rquote s }{\insrsid4537744 on any other occasion. }{\b\insrsid4537744 \par }\pard\plain \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8090652 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\b\fs26\insrsid4537744 \par }{\fs26\insrsid4537744 All through the trial the burden to prove the offence is on the prosecution and it never shifts onto the accus ed to prove his innocence. When an accused person pleads not guilty to the offence charged he puts each and every essential ingredient that constitutes that offence in issue. Therefore, to secure a verdict of guilty the prosecution must prove each ingre dient beyond reasonable doubt. If any doubt arises, it should be resolved in favour of the accused person. The accused is to be convicted on the strength of the prosecution case and not on the weakness of his defence. \par }\pard \qj \li360\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid8090652 {\fs26\insrsid4537744 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8090652 {\fs26\insrsid4537744 In a case of defilement like this one , the prosecution must prove all the ingredients that constitute the offence of defilement beyond reasonable doubt. The ingredients are that: \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\fs26\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4537744 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 i.\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8090652 { \fs26\insrsid4537744 The victim was below the age of 18 years \par {\listtext\pard\plain\fs26\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4537744 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 ii.\tab}There was penetrative sex, and finally \par {\listtext\pard\plain\fs26\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4537744 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 iii.\tab}That the accused was responsible for the act. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8090652 {\fs26\insrsid4537744 \par Regarding the age of the victim, the prosecution relied on the evidence of }{\fs26\insrsid12412762 the complainant}{\fs26\insrsid4537744 who gave unsworn evidence. She stated that at the time the }{\fs26\insrsid12412762 incident}{\fs26\insrsid4537744 occurred she was four years old and had not yet started going to school. PW2 he r father testified that she was 8 years going onto nine years on the day she appeared to give evidence in court. This would mean she was four years at the time the incident occurred. , Esther Kahendeke (PW3) was the mother of the victim. She too testif ied that the child was eight years old at the time of the trial. There is therefore no doubt that the victim was below the age of 18 years and I find that the prosecution proved the first ingredient beyond reasonable doubt. \par \par }\pard\plain \s21\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8090652 \fs26\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid4537744 As to whether there was penetrative sex, }{\insrsid12412762 the complainant}{\insrsid4537744 who testified as PW1 told court that the accused came to her home in the evening when she was taking the bedding into the house. Having established there was no one else at home with her the accused put a piece of polythene sheet on the ground and asked her to lie down on it. He promised that he would buy her }{\i\insrsid4537744 chapati}{\insrsid4537744 (a pancake). She complied with the accused\rquote s request. The accused removed her knickers and proceeded to defile her. PW1 did not mince words, she told court in her mother toungue what the accused did to her, meaning that he had sexual intercourse with her. \par }\pard\plain \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8090652 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\fs26\insrsid4537744 \par }{\fs26\insrsid12412762 The complainant}{\fs26\insrsid4537744 testified that when the accused lay on top of her she felt a lot of pain in her private parts. She also testified that after sometime, water came out of the accused and poured onto the polythene sheet. On clarification by court, }{\fs26\insrsid12412762 the complainant}{\fs26\insrsid4537744 informed court that after the accused lay on top of her water also came out of her private parts and fell onto the polythene sheet on which she was lying. Fu rther that she cried out because of the pain but the accused told her not to cry; he promised that he would buy her chapatti. }{\fs26\insrsid12256834 }{\fs26\insrsid4537744 Further evidence was }{\fs26\insrsid12256834 from }{\fs26\insrsid4537744 PW2 who testified that }{\fs26\insrsid12256834 as}{\fs26\insrsid4537744 he was coming back home from the neighbours where he had gone to make a telephone call, he heard }{\fs26\insrsid12412762 the complainant}{\fs26\insrsid4537744 crying and saying }{ \i\fs26\insrsid4537744 \'93Siraji, get off me.\'94 \par \par }{\fs26\insrsid4537744 Though a medical examination of the victim was carried out, report of the results were not produced in court because Dr. Kaudha who examined the victim could not be found to give evidence.}{\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{ \fs26\insrsid4537744 Ms. }{\fs26\insrsid12256834 Monica }{\fs26\insrsid4537744 Birungi for the accused submitted that the evidence of a child of tender years should not be relied on to convict except where there is other independent evidence which corroborates it. She relied on s.40 of the Trial on Indictment Act. \par \par It is important to note that though she did not take an oath, the complainant gave very clear evidence, which was not even shaken in cross-examination. Though with caution, this court could use it to convict the accused. However, there was other i ndependent evidence of penetration other than the medical report. When PW2 made a report of the crime at PW4\rquote s home, there were some residents of the village there, including women. According to PW4, the women present examined the child and they found semen around her private parts. They confirmed to the PW4 that the child had been defiled. \par \par Further evidence is in the testimony of PW3. PW3 testified that when she returned from the funeral from whence she was summoned when the incident occurred, she observed that the child walked with difficulty. She was advised to nurse the child\rquote s private parts with a solution of salt and tea in warm water. This is treatment that is locally administered to women for injuries sustained in childbirth. PW3 testified that when she applied this warm compress to the child\rquote s private parts, the child did not want to be touched; she complained that she felt a lot of pain. PW3 testified that she did this for some time until the child recovered from her injuries. \par \par Ms Birungi challenged the evidence of PW3}{\fs26\insrsid12256834 ; }{\fs26\insrsid4537744 she submitted that her evidence could not be used to corroborate that of the victim because there had been no medical evidence to show that the victim had wounds in her private parts. The law on penetration is that the best e vidence on this is that of the victim herself. This was held in the case of }{\b\fs26\insrsid4537744 Badru Mwidu v. Uganda [1994-1995] HCB at 11. }{\fs26\insrsid4537744 PW1, the victim testified that the accused lay on top of her after he had removed her knickers. And that when he did so she felt a l ot of pain and after sometime, she felt water from the accused flow onto her private parts. It is true that the act of sexual intercourse is proved by penetration but the evidence to corroborate that of the victim, if necessary is not always medical evid ence. In }{\b\fs26\insrsid4537744 Hussein Bassita v. Uganda,}{\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\b\fs26\insrsid4537744 Supreme Court Criminal Appeal No. 35 of 1995}{\fs26\insrsid4537744 , it was held that, \par \par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid8090652 {\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 \'93 The act of sexual intercourse or penetration may be proved by direct or circumstantial evidence. Usually the sexual intercourse is proved by the victim\rquote s own evidence and corroborated by the medical evidence or other evidence. Through desirable it is not a hard and fast rule that the victim\rquote s evidence and medical evidence must always be adduced in every case of defilement to prove sexual intercourse or pe netration. Whatever evidence the prosecution may wish to adduce to prove its case such evidence must be such that is sufficient to prove the case beyond reasonable doubt.\'94 \par }\pard\plain \s21\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8090652 \fs26\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid4537744 \par Following the above decision of the court, I find that the evidence of PW1 and PW3 put together establish the fact of penetration without a doubt. \par \par }\pard\plain \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8090652 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\fs26\insrsid4537744 The evidence of PW2 is also important in establishing whether sexual intercourse occurred or not. PW2 testified that when he returned, he found the victim crying and it is this that drew attention to the fact that she had experienced something that was not usual for a child. In }{\b\fs26\insrsid4537744 Abasi Kibazo vs. Uganda (1965) EA 507, }{\fs26\insrsid4537744 the Justices of Appeal upheld the trial judge\rquote s finding that in sexual offences the distressed condition of the complainant is capable of amounting to corroboration of the complainant\rquote s evidence depending upon the circumstances. \par \par Counsel\rquote s complaint that there was no medical evidence would go to the fact that it is medical evidence that usually establishes that the hymen had b een ruptured or recently ruptured, and how deep or slight the penetration was, whether seed was emitted by the assailant or not and other technical evidence. It is however not the correct position in law that medical evidence must be adduced. The law is that to establish sexual intercourse the prosecution does not need to establish the rapture of the hymen or actual emission of sperms as the very slightest penetration of the hymen will do. This is stated in }{\b\fs26\insrsid4537744 Archibold\rquote s Criminal Pleading, Evidence and Practice 36}{\b\fs26\super\insrsid4537744 th}{\b\fs26\insrsid4537744 Ed}{\b\fs26\insrsid12256834 ition,}{\b\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\b\fs26\insrsid12256834 para }{\b\fs26\insrsid4537744 2879}{\fs26\insrsid4537744 as follows:- \par \par }\pard\plain \s24\qj \li720\ri720\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid8090652 \i\fs26\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid4537744 \'93 To constitute the offence of rape there must be penetration. But any, even the slightest penetration will be sufficient. Where a penetration was proved but not of such depth as to injure the hymen still it wa s held to be sufficient to constitute the crime of rape. Proof of the rapture of the hymen is unnecessary. It is now unnecessary to prove actual emission of the seed. Sexual intercourse is deemed complete upon proof of penetration.\'94 \par }\pard\plain \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8090652 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\fs26\insrsid4537744 \par The test given in Archibold\rquote s can safely be applied in cases of defilement as well. I therefore find that the evidence adduced by PW1, PW2 and PW3 was sufficient to prove that there was penetration. The prosecution has therefore proved the second ingredient beyond reasonab le doubt. \par \par I now turn to the issue whether it was the accused that defiled }{\fs26\insrsid12412762 the complainant}{\fs26\insrsid4537744 and I will address it in view of the accused\rquote s alibi that he was all along at his place of work and that he did not know }{\fs26\insrsid12412762 the complainant}{\fs26\insrsid4537744 . I will also address Ms. Birungi\rquote s proposition that PW2 framed up the facts in order to avoid paying the accused his dues. Further that the semen found on the accused\rquote s trousers was not proved to have been his by medical evidence. \par \par }{\fs26\insrsid12412762 The complainant}{\fs26\insrsid4537744 testified that the accused found her alone at home on the evening in question. She }{\fs26\insrsid12412762 testified}{\fs26\insrsid4537744 that she knew the accused because he had been to their home before, she was sure the accused lived nearby. The witness also testified that when the accused approached her it was still daylight; t here was therefore sufficient light to identify him. The above facts put the accused at the scene of the crime. The evidence discussed above regarding the fact that he had sexual intercourse with her leaves no doubt that PW1 saw and was able to identify her assailant. \par \par Counsel for the accused submitted that }{\fs26\insrsid12412762 the complainant\rquote s evidence}{\fs26\insrsid4537744 required corroboration as is }{\fs26\insrsid12412762 provided for }{\fs26\insrsid4537744 by s.40 of the TIA. In this case, PW2 testified that he found the accused at his home crying. When he approached the home, the acc used run away from where he had been lying on top of the complainant and retreated behind the house. PW2 summoned him and he returned. When asked what he had done to the child, the accused\rquote s response was that he had done. Further confrontation led to the accused unzipping his trousers to prove his innocence. Fortunately, this act provided PW2 with corroboration of PW1\rquote s story that the accused had sexual intercourse with her. He found fresh semen on his trousers. PW2 had also found semen on the thighs o f the complainant when he examined her. He thus called for help and the accused was arrested and together with the complainant taken to the home of PW4, Cosmas Wako the LC1 Chairman. \par \par The fact that the semen on the accused\rquote s trousers was not examined to establish whether it matched that on the child\rquote s thighs is not fatal to the prosecution case. The circumstances in which the accused was found, his behaviour after he was discovered, put together with the report of the complainant to PW2 corroborated each other. They could lead to no other logical}{ \fs26\insrsid4537744\delrsid4537744 }{\fs26\insrsid4537744 conclusion than that the accused had sexual intercourse with the complainant. I therefore find that the lack of medical tests did not in any way detract from the cogency of the prosecution evidence. \par \par In additio n to the above, PW4 testified that when PW2 related what had happened to the child, there were some women at his home who examined the child. The women reported that they found semen around her private parts and confirmed that it was true that the child had been defiled. PW4 then interrogated the accused. The accused told him that it was true that he had lain with the child and that he did not know what had come over him. The accused asked for forgiveness. \par \par Ms Birungi for the accused submitted that hi s confession to PW4 cannot be admitted as such by this court because it was not made to a police officer of the rank of AIP or a magistrate. This shall be taken together with the fact that the accused denied that he made the confession. In reply, Mr. Niy onzima cited the case of }{\b\fs26\insrsid4537744 Festo Adroa Asenua & Kakooza Joseph Denis v. Uganda, Supreme Court Criminal Appeal No. 1 of 1998}{\fs26\insrsid4537744 , in which the Supreme Court held that a confession made before a native doctor could be admitted in evidence as admission of an offence. \par \par The law relating to retracted/repudiated confessions was reviewed by the Supreme Court in }{\b\fs26\insrsid4537744 Matovu Musa Kassim v. Uganda, SC Criminal Appeal No, 27 of 2002}{\fs26\insrsid4537744 where the accused had retracted a confession that he made immediately after arrest because he alleged it was not made voluntarily. It was held, affirming the decision in }{\b\fs26\insrsid4537744 Tuwamoi v. Uganda [1967] EA 84}{\fs26\insrsid4537744 that: \par \par }\pard \qj \li540\ri720\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin540\itap0\pararsid8090652 {\cs23\fs26\expnd-4\expndtw-20\insrsid4537744 "A}{\cs23\fs26\expnd2\expndtw10\insrsid4537744 }{ \cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 trial}{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 court}{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 should}{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 } {\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 accept}{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 any}{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 confession}{ \cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 which}{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 has}{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 been retracted}{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 or}{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 repudiated}{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{ \cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 with}{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 caution}{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 and}{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{ \cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 must,}{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 before founding}{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 a}{ \cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 conviction}{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 on}{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 such} {\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 a}{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 confession,}{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 be}{ \cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 fully}{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 satisfied in}{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 all}{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 circumstances}{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 of}{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{ \cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 the}{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 case}{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 that}{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{ \cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 the}{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 confession}{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 is}{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{ \cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 true. The}{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 same}{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 standard}{ \cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 of}{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 proof}{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 is}{ \cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 required}{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 in}{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 all}{ \cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 cases}{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 and}{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 usually a }{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 court}{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 will}{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 only}{ \cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 act}{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 on}{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 the}{ \cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 confession}{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 if}{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 corroborated}{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 in some}{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 material}{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{ \cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 particular}{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 by}{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 independent}{ \cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 evidence}{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 accepted by}{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{ \cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 the}{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 court.}{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 But}{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{ \cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 corroboration}{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 is}{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 not}{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 necessary}{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 in}{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 law}{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 and the}{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 court}{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 may}{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 act}{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 on}{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 a}{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{ \cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 confession}{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 alone}{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 if}{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 it}{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 is}{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 satisfied}{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{ \cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 after considering}{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 all}{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 the}{ \cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 material}{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 points}{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 and }{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 surrounding circumstances}{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 that}{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{ \cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 the}{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 confession}{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 cannot}{ \cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 but}{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 be}{\cs22\i\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\cs22\i\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid4537744 true."}{ \b\fs26\insrsid4537744 }{\fs26\insrsid4537744 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8090652 {\fs26\insrsid4537744 \par I have reviewed all the evidence as given by PW1, PW2 and PW4. I have no doubt that the events as related by the four witnesses can lead to no other conclusion than that the confession cannot but be true. \par \par The accused gave evidence on his behalf in defence. He stated that on that day at about 9.00 p.m. he was asleep in his house at his Aunt Rose\rquote s place when he was arrested. The accused testified that on the fateful day, he attended to Isakwa \rquote s cattle from 7.00 a.m. till late. That on the same day Magino}{\fs26\insrsid12412762 (PW2)}{\fs26\insrsid4537744 gave him work to do but he did not go to }{\fs26\insrsid12412762 PW2\rquote s }{\fs26\insrsid4537744 home; accused denied ever having gone to }{\fs26\insrsid12412762 PW2\rquote s }{\fs26\insrsid4537744 on any other occasion. Though he testified that he knew Magino well because he was his friend and Magino\rquote s brother was married to his aunt, he also wanted court to believe that he did not see Magino when he testified in court. He also denied that he had seen }{\fs26\insrsid12412762 the complainant}{\fs26\insrsid4537744 when she testified in court. \par \par In effect, his defence was a blanket denial in which he tried as much as possible to distance himself from Magino, his home and }{\fs26\insrsid12412762 the complainant}{\fs26\insrsid4537744 . The accused also told lies when he stated that he had not seen Magino in court and that he had never gone to his home, ever. Given the evidence of PW1 and PW2, there is no doubt that the accused was at PW2\rquote s home on the night that }{ \fs26\insrsid12412762 the complainant}{\fs26\insrsid4537744 was defiled. He also saw PW1 and PW2 in court and his denial of }{\fs26\insrsid8090652 that }{\fs26\insrsid4537744 fact means he told lies to court. It has been held that deliberate lies told to court discredit the accused. They can also be used to infer guilt. In the end result, I find that the prosecution has proved the third ingredient beyond reasonable doubt.

\par \par The assessors in this case gave a joint opinion in which they advised me to convict the accused and I am in agreement with them. I accordingly convict the accused of defilement as indicted. \par \par \par }{\b\fs26\insrsid4537744 Irene Mulyagonja Kakooza \par JUDGE \par 21/08/08 \par }{\fs26\insrsid4537744 \par \par \par \par \par }\pard\plain \s16\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8090652 \fs26\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid4537744 \par }}