Uganda v Bandebesa John & 3 Ors (HCT-05-CR-SC-033-2004) [2004] UGHC 89 (12 August 2004)

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HCT-05-CR-SC-033-2004 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3166978 UGANDA \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85. PROSECUTOR \par VS \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid3166978 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4787797\charrsid3166978 Al. BANDEBESA }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3166978\charrsid3166978 JOHN)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4787797\charrsid3166978 \line A2. NSUBUGA }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3166978\charrsid3166978 MOSES)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4787797\charrsid3166978 \line A3. TURYAMUSHANGAYO ROBERT) \line A4. MUGYENYI ROBERT ) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3166978 \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85..... ACCUSED \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4787797\charrsid3166978 BEFORE: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid4787797\charrsid3166978 THE HON. MR. JUSTICE P. K. MUGAMBA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3166978\charrsid3166978 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid3166978 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid4787797\charrsid3166978 JUDGMENT }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4787797\charrsid3166978 \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4787797\charrsid3166978 Initially accused Turyamushangayo Robert (A.3) was i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3166978 ndicted with Bandebesa John (A.}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4787797\charrsid3166978 1) and Nsubuga Moses (A.2) for murder contrary to sections 188 and 189 of the Penal Code Act. At }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3166978 the outset of the trial both A.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4787797\charrsid3166978 1 and A.2 were willing to plead to a lesser charge of manslaughter. The State was agreeable. Consequently upon conviction and sentence the two ceased to be party to the proceedings. A.3 however maintained his plea of not guilty even to the lesser charge. He was therefore tried on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3166978 the original charge of murder. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4787797\charrsid3166978 The prosecution called five witnesses to prove its }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3166978 case. PW1 was D/Cpl. Byakagaba }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4787797\charrsid3166978 Joseph, PW2 was Kemirembe Con}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3166978 stance, PW3 was Tushemereirwe Na}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4787797\charrsid3166978 talia, PW4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3166978 was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4787797\charrsid3166978 Mpwerize John and PW5 was Baguma Joseph. Accu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3166978 sed called no witnesses on his }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4787797\charrsid3166978 behalf bu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3166978 t he made a statement on oath. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4787797\charrsid3166978 Briefly the prosecution case is that on 22}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid7148924\charrsid7148924 nd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4787797\charrsid3166978 April 2001 some cattle had been cut and injured. The deceased was suspected as the person who had injured the animals . The deceased was summoned to the farm where the animals belonged and there he was subjected to brutal beating by several people wielding sticks. These people included the accused. Later in the day the deceased succumbed to death as a result of the assau lt. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7148924 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4787797\charrsid3166978 Accused was one of the suspects arrested in connection with the assault and eventual death of the deceased. He}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7148924 has been charged with murder.

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4787797\charrsid3166978 In his defence accused agreed he visited the farm but said that when he arrived there he found the deceased had already been assaulted by people he never saw. He was definite the deceased \rquote s cond}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7148924 ition at the time was not bad. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4787797\charrsid3166978 The onus is on the prosecution to prove the case against an accused person beyond reasonable doubt. See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid7148924 Woolmington vs DPP [1935]}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid4787797\charrsid3166978 A. C. 462. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4787797\charrsid3166978 If any doubt or gap appears in the case of the prosecution that doubt or gap ought to be resolved in favour of the accused. It is not the duty of the accused }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7148924 person to prove his innocence. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4787797\charrsid3166978 In the instant case accused is indicted for murder and the prosecution ought to prove the following ingred}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7148924 ients beyond reasonable doubt: \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7148924 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (i)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li1080\ri0\sl360\slmult1 \widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid7148924 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7148924 that the deceased died; \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4787797\charrsid3166978 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (ii)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4787797\charrsid3166978 that the killing of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7148924 deceased was unlawful; \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7148924 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (iii)\tab} t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4787797\charrsid3166978 hat the killing of the deceased was wit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7148924 h malice aforethought; and \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4787797\charrsid3166978 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (iv)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4787797\charrsid3166978 that accused was re}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7148924 sponsible. \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid7148924 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4787797\charrsid3166978 Concerning the death of the deceased, all the prosecution witnesses in their evidence stated that the deceased died. In cross-examination accused also stated that the deceased died. This matter is not challenged anywhere. I am satisfied that th is ingredient has been p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7148924 roved beyond reasonable doubt. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4787797\charrsid3166978 It is the position of the law that every homicide is unlawful save where it results from an \line accident or is excusable by law. See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid4787797\charrsid3166978 Gusambizi s/o Wesonga vs R (1948) 15 EACA 63. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4787797\charrsid3166978 \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4787797\charrsid3166978 The presumption was nev er rebutted and as such I find that the killing was unlawful. \line This ingredient has been p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7148924 roved beyond reasonable doubt. \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid3166978 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4787797\charrsid3166978 Next this court ought to consider whether there was malice aforethought. Malice aforethought is an intention to cause the death of a pe rson. It is also the knowledge that the act or omission causing death will probably cause the death of some person. It may be gathered from the number of injuries inflicted on the victim, the part of the victim\rquote s body to which injury is inflicted, whether such part is a vulnerable part or not, the type of weapon used and the conduct of the assailant before and after the attack. See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid4787797\charrsid3166978 Tubere s/o Ocen vs R (1945) 12 EACA 63. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4787797\charrsid3166978 According to the post mortem report the deceased bore two bruises above the left ja w extending to the left temple. The body also bore laceration and fracture of the left finger. The cause of death was intracranial bleeding. Whoever inflicted the injuries that led to the death of the deceased must have done so with malice aforethought. I am satisfied this ingredient also has been p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7148924 roved beyond reasonable doubt. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4787797\charrsid3166978 Finally the prosecution must prove that the accused was responsible for the crime, In his defence accused conceded he visited the scene. However it was his evidence that when he ar rived the deceased was no longer being assaulted. The prosecution however adduced contrary evidence. PW2 stated that she saw accused amongst others assaulting the deceased with sticks. PW3 testified that he saw accused assault the deceased near the neck a n d saying that the deceased would no longer be able to throw stones. The Chairman L. C. 1, who was PW4, testified also that he had seen accused assault the deceased. It was his evidence that accused and others had declined his suggestion that they cease as s aulting deceased and refer the matter to Police. From the evidence above I find that accused was one of the people who assaulted the deceased on the occasion. I find his version as fabricated to clear him of guilt. Section 10 of the Penal Code Act provide s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7148924 : \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li576\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin576\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid7148924 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4787797\charrsid3166978 \lquote When two or more persons form a common intention to prosecute an unlawful purpose in conjunction with one another, and in the prosecution of that purpose an offence is committed of such a nature that its commission was a probable consequence of the pro secution of that purpose, each of them is deemed t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7148924 o have committed the offence.\rquote \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid3166978 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4787797\charrsid3166978 I have no doubt in my mind that in the instant case accused had a common intention with others to prosecute an unlawful purpose which resulted into the death of the deceased. It is however a fact that others of the persons involved in the act have been convicted of a lesser offence of manslaughter, contrary to sections 187 and 190 of the Penal Code Act. As there was common intention that doctrine subsists. Just where there is no knowing who struck the fatal, those convicted must be convicted of the same offence, whether murder or manslaughter. See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid7148924 Kiseg}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid4787797\charrsid3166978 erwa & Anor vs }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid7148924\charrsid3166978 Uganda}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid7148924 [1979]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid4787797\charrsid3166978 HCB 81. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4787797\charrsid3166978 Others of those earlier accused were convicted of manslaughter. I find it imperative to co nvict accused herein also of manslaughter rather than murder. See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid7148924 Uga}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid4787797\charrsid3166978 nda vs Sgt. B. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid7148924 Kabag}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid4787797\charrsid3166978 ambe & 2 others. Masaka Criminal Session Case No. 158 of 1991 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid4787797\charrsid3166978 per }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4787797\charrsid3166978 Mukasa Kikonyogo J., }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7148924 as she then was, (unreported). \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4787797\charrsid3166978 The assessors in their joint opinion advised me to acquit accused. For the reasons I have given in the case of this judgment I am not persuaded by that opinion. I find accused guilty of manslaughte}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7148924 r and convict him accordingly. \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid7148924 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7148924 P. K. Mugamba \par Judge\line 12th August 2004 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid7148924 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7148924 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid7148924 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4787797\charrsid3166978 12th August 2004 \line Accused person in court \line Mr. Ndimbirwe for accused \line Mr. Twinomuhwezi State Attorney \line Mr. Rutaro court clerk \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid4787797\charrsid3166978 Court: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7148924 Judgment read in open court \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid7148924 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7148924 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid4787797\charrsid3166978 Allocutus: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid7148924 \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid4787797\charrsid3166978 State Attorney: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7148924 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4787797\charrsid3166978 There is no previous record on the convict. Treat him as a first offender. He has been convicted of a serious off ence. His conduct took the life of a young man. He should be punished. He has been on remand since 2001. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7148924 Give him a deterrent sentence. \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid4787797\charrsid3166978 Mr. Ndimbirwe: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7148924 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4787797\charrsid3166978 Convict believed in his innocence. He is a first offender. He is still young and has been on remand since 2001 \emdash enough time to reflect on future conduct. We pray for a lenient sentence. \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid3166978 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid4787797\charrsid3166978 Convict: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4787797\charrsid3166978 \line I have been on remand for 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7148924 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4787797\charrsid3166978 1/2 years. I suffer from ulcers. I wish to go and have care of my family and children. I used to be a teacher and that is how I earned my income. I look after orphans of my brothers. I am repentant and I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7148924 do n ot intend to commit the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4787797\charrsid3166978 offence again. I s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7148924 hall be a law abiding citizen. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid4787797\charrsid7148924 SENTENCE }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid7148924\charrsid7148924 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4787797\charrsid3166978 I have considered the submissions of both counsel and the words of the convict. I ha ve taken into account the fact that he is a first offender and the period he has spent on remand which I deduct from the sentence I would have given him. I have also considered the sentence given to his co-accused. Consequently I sentence him to 4 years \rquote i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7148924 mprisonment. \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid7148924 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7148924 P. K. Mugamba \par Judge\line \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid3166978 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid4787797\charrsid3166978 Court: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4787797\charrsid3166978 Right of Appeal explained. \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7148924 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7148924 P. K. 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