Uganda v Kasigazi John (Criminal Session Case No. 54 of 2000) (Criminal Session Case No. 54 of 2000) [2000] UGHC 10 (31 March 2000)

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{\insrsid5583920 \chftnsepc \par }}\sectd \linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid16734840\sftnbj {\footer \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar \tqc\tx4153\tqr\tx8306\pvpara\phmrg\posxr\posy0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1069983 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\field{\*\fldinst {\cs17\insrsid5583920 PAGE }}{\fldrslt { \cs17\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid1903806 1}}}{\cs17\insrsid5583920 \par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri360\widctlpar\tqc\tx4153\tqr\tx8306\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin360\lin0\itap0\pararsid5583920 {\insrsid5583920 \par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}} {\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8 \pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \s15\qc \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1 \widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid5583920 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid868981\charrsid16734840 THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA \line IN THE HIGH COURT OF UGANDA AT THE SESSION \line HOLDEN AT MUBENDE \line CRIMINAL}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5583920 SESSION CASE NO. 54 OF 2000 \line UGAN}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid868981\charrsid16734840 DA : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : PROSECUTOR \line VERSUS \line KASIGAZI JOHN: : : : : : : :}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid1903806 :}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid868981\charrsid16734840 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid1903806 : : : : : : : : : : : :ACCUSED }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid868981\charrsid5583920 BEFORE}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid868981\charrsid16734840 : } {\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid868981\charrsid16734840 THE HONOURABLE MR. AG. JUSTICE PAUL K. MUGAMBA \line }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5583920 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid5583920 {\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid868981\charrsid5583920 J U D G M E N T:}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid868981\charrsid16734840 \line Kasigazi John, the accused in this case, stands indicted for the offence of defilement, contrary to section 123(1) of the Penal Code Act. \line }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5583920 \par All i}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid868981\charrsid16734840 n all five witnesses were called by the Prosecution in support of their case. These were Namukolaki Scovia (PW1 - the complainant), Aida Kibalama (P. W.2 - mother of the complainant), Nyirabazungu Makulata. (P. W.3), Dr. N gobi James (P. W.4) and Byaruhanga Ferdinand (P. W.5). \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5583920 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid868981\charrsid16734840 In his defence the accused gave an unsworn statement and called no witnesses. \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5583920 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid7755622 {\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid868981\charrsid16734840 Briefly the prosecution case is that at about 4.00 pm on 25}{\lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid868981\charrsid5583920 th}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5583920 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid868981\charrsid16734840 June 1998 P. W.1, a girl aged 9 years then, was sent by her m}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5583920 other }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid868981\charrsid16734840 P. W.2 to a family plot 150 metres a}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid5583920 way to go and harvest a bunch }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid868981\charrsid16734840 of banana for the family meal. No sooner had PW1 arrived in the garden than the accused arrived holding a pineapple and took away the panga PW1 had gone with from her. He threatene d her that if she did not follow him into his house some distance away, he would cut her with the panga. Meanwhile accused pulled PW1 towards his house and put his hand on her mouth so that she would make no noise to invite other people to her situation. Once inside the house, accused removed PW1\rquote s}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13400097 knickers, lay her on her }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid868981\charrsid16734840 back on the bed with her legs parted. Thereafter accused removed his trousers lay on top of PW1 and inserted his penis in PW1\rquote s vagina. Accused who kept threatening to cut PW1 if she made }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13400097\charrsid16734840 noise}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid868981\charrsid16734840 had shut the door when they entered the house. When the mother of the girl (PW2) noticed PW1 had taken long on the errand she went out looking for her and ended at the house of the accused, where she heard accused telling PW1 who was crying o ut in pain that when she reached home she should not mention what had taken place between him and her to anybody. When accused learnt that PW2 and PW3 had arrived at his house, he ran out of the house and threatened to cut PW2. PW2 and PW3 examined PW1 an d noticed blood flowing from her vagina. Medical examination indicated rupture of the hymen. The matter was later reported to police. \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13400097 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid868981\charrsid16734840 In his defence accused set up an alibi. He told court that he had found PW1 in his garden at about the time of the offence . PW1, according to accused, had stolen maize in his garden. He had taken P. W.1 with him in order to report the incident to the father of P. Wl but that on the wa}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13400097 y they had met P. W.2 who had }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid868981\charrsid16734840 removed the panga the girl had gone with from the girl and had threatened to }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid868981\charrsid13400097 use}{ \i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid868981\charrsid16734840 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid868981\charrsid16734840 it in cutting accused. That PW2 had gone on to raise an alarm and to say that accused had defiled PW1. That soon after a neighbour also came and supported P. W.2. Later that day accused was arrested and later charged with the offence of defilement. \line } {\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13400097 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid868981\charrsid16734840 Three ingredients must be proved by the prosecution in order for it to successfully prove a case of defilement. The three ingredients are. \line }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13400097 \par }\pard \s15\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid13400097 {\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid868981\charrsid16734840 (a) }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13400097 \tab }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid868981\charrsid16734840 that the complainant was a girl under the age of 18 years at the time of the alleged offence; \line }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13400097 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid868981\charrsid16734840 (b)}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13400097 \tab }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid868981\charrsid16734840 t hat the complainant had sexual intercourse on the day in question, to wit 25}{\lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid868981\charrsid13400097 th}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid868981\charrsid16734840 June 1998; and \line }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13400097 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid868981\charrsid16734840 (c) }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13400097 \tab }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid868981\charrsid16734840 that it was the accused who committed that offence. \line }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13400097 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid13400097 {\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid868981\charrsid16734840 With respect to the first ingredient, PW1 and PW2 told court that PW1 is 11 years old. In court she appe ared to be of tender age and her evidence was taken after a voire dire under provisions of S. 38(3) of the TID. The defence did not contest the fact that PW1 was below 18 years of age at the time of the alleged offence. In the circumstances I find that th e first ingredient has been proved beyond reasonable doubt. \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13400097 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid7755622 {\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid868981\charrsid16734840 Regarding the second ingredient, sexual intercourse is complete when a female\rquote s sexual organ is penetrated by a male organ (See Archbold, }{\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid868981\charrsid16734840 Criminal Pleading Evidence and Practice, } {\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid868981\charrsid16734840 38th edition, paragraph 2872). It is the evidence of PW1 that on 25}{\lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid868981\charrsid13400097 th}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13400097 June }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid868981\charrsid16734840 1998 she had sexual intercourse. Although court may proceed to convict upon the uncorroborated evidence of a complainant where it is satisfied such a witness was truthful, I warned the assessors just as I do warn myself of the danger of acting upon the uncorroborated evidence of a complainant of tender age in a case involving a sexual offence. The case of }{\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid868981\charrsid16734840 Chila and Anor vs. Republic }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid868981\charrsid16734840 (1967}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13400097\charrsid16734840 ) EA}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid868981\charrsid16734840 722 applies. The complainant, PW1, testified in court. Despite being of tender age I am satisfied she was clear and firm. She was never shaken even in cross examination. I found her a truthful witness. Her evidence was corroborated by PW2 and PW3 who examined her immediately after she came out of accused \rquote s house. They observed blood flowing from her vagina. The same evidence is supported by medical evidence where the next day, 26}{\lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid868981\charrsid13400097 th}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid868981\charrsid16734840 June 1998, PW6 found that her hymen had been ruptured. In the circumstances I find that the prosecution succeeded in proving the second ingredient of the offence of defilement. \line }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13400097 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid868981\charrsid16734840 As for the third ingredient, PW1 told court that it was accused who had sexual intercourse with her on 25th June 1998 in his house. PW2 and PW3 also testified telling court that they had found accused and PW1 in accused\rquote s house with the door shut. Later accused had emerged from the house and found both witnesses outside his house. It was in the afternoon, accused was known to both witnesses and the occasion was at accused\rquote s house. On the other hand accused set up an alibi. He was not at his house at the time as is alleged in the prosecution evidence but rather was arresting PW1 and taking her to her father to report the theft of his maize by PW1. It was on the way to make the report that they met PW2 who all eged accused had defiled PW1. Where an accused person sets up an alibi it is not his duty to prove it. See }{\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid868981\charrsid16734840 Sekitoleko vs. Uganda (l967}{ \ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13400097\charrsid16734840 ) EA}{\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid868981\charrsid16734840 531. }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid868981\charrsid16734840 \line }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13400097 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid868981\charrsid16734840 I am satisfied that the complainant was a truthful witness. She could not have been mistaken about her defiler s ince she knew him before, she saw him when he arrested her and took her to his house and proceeded to have sexual intercourse with her. It was during broad daylight and there is in addition evidence of PW2 and PW3 who saw accused at the spot. Accused \rquote s evidence did not impress me but is a pack of lies designed to make him escape his ghastly responsibility. The prosecution has succeeded in placing accused at the scene of crime. I am in no doubt that the }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13400097\charrsid16734840 prosecution has}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid868981\charrsid16734840 once again proved a vital ingredient of the offence. \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13400097

\par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid868981\charrsid16734840 I have heard the joint opinion of the two assessors and I am in agreement with them. I find the accused guilty of the offence of defilement contrary to section 123(1) of Penal Code and convict him accordingly. \line }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13400097 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid868981\charrsid16734840 In course of shifting evidenc e I have come across some inconsistencies in the prosecution case such as whether accused was arrested at his house at all or not and how he was dressed when he came out of his house. PW2 and PW3 also do not seem to agree who arrived at accused\rquote s house first. I have attributed the discrepancies to the passage }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13400097 of time and find, where they }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid868981\charrsid16734840 exist, they are inconsequential. \line }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13400097 \par }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13400097\charrsid13400097 Paul K. Mugamb}{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid868981\charrsid13400097 a \line Ag. J u d g e \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid868981\charrsid16734840 31.03.2000 \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13400097 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid868981\charrsid16734840 3.40 p.m. \line 31.03.2000 \line Accused present \line Ms. Nandaula SSA for state \line Ms. Bugembe for accused \line Assessors present \line Mr. Subi court clerk/interpreter \line Judgment read in open court. \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13400097 \par }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid868981\charrsid13400097 Paul}{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13400097\charrsid13400097 K. Mugam}{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid868981\charrsid13400097 ba \line Ag. J u d g e \line }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid868981\charrsid16734840 31.03.2000 \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13400097 \par }{\b\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid868981\charrsid13400097 ALLOCUTUS: \line Ms. Nandaula}{\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid868981\charrsid16734840 : }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid868981\charrsid16734840 \line The convict is a first offender. He has been convicted of a serious offence carrying a maximum sentence o f death. The offence was committed in a very brutal manner where accused used a lot of force on a small girl and threatened to cut her with a panga. Accused is dangerous to society. He had a wife but he could still sexually assault small children. Court s h}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13400097 ould }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid868981\charrsid16734840 protect likely victims. Defilement is now very rampant. I pray for a deterrent sentence. \line }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid1903806 \par }{\b\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid868981\charrsid13400097 Ms}{\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid868981\charrsid16734840 . }{\b\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13400097 Bugem}{ \b\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid868981\charrsid16734840 be: }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid868981\charrsid16734840 \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid868981\charrsid16734840 Accused is a first offender. Accused has a family. He has two children and a wife. He was the sole bread winner of the family. He has spent some time on remand. I pray the period on remand be taken into account. I pray for a lenient sentence. \line }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid1903806 \par }{\b\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid868981\charrsid16734840 SENTENCE: }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid868981\charrsid16734840 \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid868981\charrsid16734840 I have heard submissions of both counsel concerning sentence. Accused acted in a brutal manner on a small unsuspecting child he should be expec ted to protect. He has a family and filial responsibility should not be strange to him. I sentence him to imprisonment of 12 years. His period on remand should be taken into account. \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid1903806 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7755622 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid868981\charrsid16734840 \par }}