Uganda v Ngabirano Josephat (HCT-05-CR- SC-0103-2001 ) (HCT-05-CR- SC-0103-2001) [2002] UGHC 87 (20 August 2002)

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\mintLim0\mnaryLim1}{\info{\title THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA }{\author Administrator}{\operator skivumbi}{\creatim\yr2010\mo3\dy17\hr12\min14}{\revtim\yr2010\mo3\dy25\hr10\min46}{\version4}{\edmins9}{\nofpages4}{\nofwords1202}{\nofchars5720}{\nofcharsws6909} {\vern32859}}{\*\xmlnstbl {\xmlns1 http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2003/wordml}}\paperw12240\paperh15840\margl1440\margr1440\margt1440\margb1440\gutter0\ltrsect \widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\trackmoves1\trackformatting1\donotembedsysfont0\relyonvml0\donotembedlingdata1\grfdocevents0\validatexml0\showplaceholdtext0\ignoremixedcontent0\saveinvalidxml0\showxmlerrors0\noxlattoyen \expshrtn\noultrlspc\dntblnsbdb\nospaceforul\formshade\horzdoc\dgmargin\dghspace180\dgvspace180\dghorigin1440\dgvorigin1440\dghshow1\dgvshow1 \jexpand\viewkind1\viewscale100\pgbrdrhead\pgbrdrfoot\splytwnine\ftnlytwnine\htmautsp\nolnhtadjtbl\useltbaln\alntblind\lytcalctblwd\lyttblrtgr\lnbrkrule\nobrkwrptbl\snaptogridincell\allowfieldendsel\wrppunct 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\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid282936\charrsid4093916 THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA \line IN THE H}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4093916 IGH COURT OF UGANDA AT MBARARA \par HCT-05-CR- SC-0103-2001 \par UGANDA \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85PROSECUTION \par -VS- \par NGABIRANO JOSEPHAT \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85ACCUSED \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid282936\charrsid4093916 BEFORE: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid4093916 THE HON JUSTICE P. K. MUGAMBA \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid282936\charrsid4093916 JUDGMENT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4093916\charrsid4093916 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid4093916 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid282936\charrsid4093916 Ngabirano Josephat is a}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4093916 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid282936\charrsid4093916 juvenile who is indicted for defilement contrary to section 123(1) of the Penal Code Act. The prosecution called the evidence of five witnesses in support of its case. The complainant, Rosemary Kyomukama was PW1, Maria Goretti Twi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4093916 nam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid282936\charrsid4093916 atsiko was PW2, Mbabazi Jenifer was PW3, Baryamwijuka Innocent was PW4 and Dr. Busingye Warugaba Amos was PW5. In his defence accused made a statement on}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4093916 oath and called no witnesses. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid282936\charrsid4093916 The prosecution case in summary is that on 14th April 2001 accused had sexual intercourse with Rosemary Kyomukama (PW1), a girl whose age was below 18 years. PWI and PW3 had been walking together when ac}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4093916 cused came along and asked for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid282936\charrsid4093916 money owing to him from PW3. Later accused wen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4093916 t ahead leaving PW2 and PW3 to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid282936\charrsid4093916 continue with their walk. Before long PW1 and PW3 p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4093916 arted company as PW3 proceeded }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid282936\charrsid4093916 to a funeral while PW1 went to a water source nearby. At the water tap accused forced PW1 to have sexual intercourse with him. After a few days PW2 observed that PWI was not walking properly and inquired of her why this was so. PWI related to PW2 that she had had sexual intercourse with someone she did not know before but one who had on the day of the intercourse demanded for his money from PW3. Upon further inquiry PW3 gave the nam e of this person as Joseph Ngabirano, the accused. PWI later identified accused to be that person. Accused w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4093916 as later arrested and charged. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid282936\charrsid4093916 In his defence accused set up an alibi. He told court that he did not know PW1 before and did not meet her on the day in question. He further testified that he knew PW3 and agreed PW3 owed him money. He testified that he had demanded f or his money from PW3 on another day and that at the time PW3 was with her husband digging in their garden. On the day in question he had left home at 7.00 am. to go to a trading centre to buy meat. He did not return to the village until 4.00 p.m., long a fter 1.00 p.m. the time the offence i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4093916 s alleged to have taken place. \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sa240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid4093916 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid282936\charrsid4093916 The prosecution bears the burden to prove all the three ingredients of the offence beyond reasonable dou}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4093916 bt. The three ingredients are: \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li576\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin576\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid4093916 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid282936\charrsid4093916 (a) that the complainant was a girl under the age of 18 years at th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4093916 e time of the alleged offence. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid282936\charrsid4093916 (b) that the complainant had sexual intercourse on the day in question, that is to say }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid282936\charrsid4093916 14th }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4093916\charrsid4093916 April 2001. \par (c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid282936\charrsid4093916 ) that it was the accu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4093916\charrsid4093916 sed who committed the offence. \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid4093916 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid282936\charrsid4093916 I have got to relate the above ingredients to the available evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4093916 . \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid282936\charrsid4093916 The first ingredient was not contested. Admittedly the prosecution did not produce a birth certificate. However the law allows for evidence of age to be obtained from someone who is acquainted with the person whose age is being inqui red into and who might know facts relating to that age. PW2, mother of the complainant, testified that her daughter was born in 1993. Medical evidence contained in e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4093916 xhibit P1 shows that in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid282936\charrsid4093916 ear 2001 the complainant was 8 years old. She testified in court as PWI and clearly her age was below 18 years. I am satisfied that the prosecution has proved this ingre}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4093916 dient beyond reasonable doubt. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid282936\charrsid4093916 The second ingredient is whether the complainant had sexual intercourse as alleged. As PW 1, the complainant, a ch ild of tender years, testified that she was forced into sexual intercourse. For fear of punishment she did not tell anybody, not even her mother about the incident until inquiry was made by her mother concerning why she did not walk properly. She immediat ely told her mother what had happened when she was asked. When PW2 examined her she found her private parts swollen and bruised. Later PW1 was examined by a doctor who found injuries and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4093916\charrsid4093916 inf lammation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid282936\charrsid4093916 in her private parts which had been occasioned less than a week before. In law sexual intercourse is complete when a female sexual organ is penetrated by a male sexual organ. \line See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\ul\insrsid4093916\charrsid4093916 Archbold, Criminal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\ul\insrsid282936\charrsid4093916 Ple}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\ul\insrsid4093916 ading Evidence and Practice, 38th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\ul\insrsid282936\charrsid4093916 edition, paragraph 2872 at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\ul\insrsid4093916\charrsid4093916 p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\ul\insrsid282936\charrsid4093916 age 2873.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid282936\charrsid4093916 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid282936\charrsid4093916 \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid282936\charrsid4093916 Court has the direct evidence of PWI whic h is corroborated by the evidence of PW2 regarding her observations and that of the doctor contained in exhibit PT. It was the testimony of PW5 that a blunt instrument such as a penis could cause the injuries found on PWI. I am satisfied that the prosecut ion has proved the second ingredient, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4093916 too, beyond reasonable doubt. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid282936\charrsid4093916 Accused\rquote s responsibility in the crime is the last ingredient. In this case PW1 was the only witness to the act of sexual intercourse to testify on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4093916 behalf of the prosecution. She }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid282936\charrsid4093916 did not know accused before }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4093916\charrsid4093916 she}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid282936\charrsid4093916 told in commendable detail what happened on the occasion she had sexual intercourse. The testimony of PWI is corroborated by that of PW3 that they were walking together when accused met them and demanded for his money from PW3. When PW 1 disclosed the identity of the person who had had sexual intercourse at the outset she had mentioned the person who had demanded for his money from PW3. According to PW3 the person who had demanded for his money was no other than Ngabirano Josephat, accused. It is also the testimony of PW4 that when PWI was taken to accused\rquote s school she was able to point him out from the rest of his class as the person who had had sexual intercourse with her. Accused was also identified here in court as the person resp onsible, by PW1. I have indicated earlier that accused set up the alibi he did. When an accused person sets up an alibi it is n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4093916 ot his responsibility to prove }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid282936\charrsid4093916 it. It is the responsibility of the prosecution instead to disprove and destroy the alibi by adducing evidence that puts the accused}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4093916 person at the scene of crime. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid282936\charrsid4093916 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid4093916 Ug}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid282936\charrsid4093916 anda }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid282936\charrsid4093916 - }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid4093916 vs- Phostin Kyobwengye [1988-1990]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid282936\charrsid4093916 HCB 49. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4093916 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid282936\charrsid4093916 I find the alibi disproved by the evidence of the prosecution. It is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9376169\charrsid4093916 an afterthought which is badly thought out especially when one realized that accused could not have spent the whole day purchasing meat, let alone recalls}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid282936\charrsid4093916 the day for the purchase of meat so readily when to his knowledge nothing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9376169\charrsid4093916 untoward}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid282936\charrsid4093916 had happened. All in all I find the prosecution has proved this ingredient beyond reasonable doubt. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9376169 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid282936\charrsid4093916 In their joint opinion the assessors advise me to convict the accused person. For the reasons I have given in the course of this judgment I agree with their opinion. I find accused guilty of defilemen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9376169 t and convict him accordingly. \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qc \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid9376169 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9376169 P. K. Mugam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid282936\charrsid4093916 ba \line Judge \line 20th }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9376169 August 2002 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid9376169 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid282936\charrsid4093916 20th August 2002 \line Mr. Murumba for the State \line Mr. Bezire for accused person \line Accused in court \line Ms Tushemereirwe, court clerk/interpreter \line Court: Judgment delivered in open court. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9376169 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qc \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid9376169 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9376169 P. K. Mugamba \line Judge \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid9376169 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid282936\charrsid4093916 Court: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid282936\charrsid4093916 \line This file is referred to the Family and Children Court for sentencing as the convict is one who should be sentenced by the Family and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9376169 Children Court under the law. \par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9376169 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9376169 \par P. K. 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