Uganda Vs. Ngobi Aramanzani alias Mawulana (HCT-03 CR- Sc-0323 of 10) [2010] UGHC 133 (29 September 2010)

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\ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9122729\charrsid16328379 IN THE HIGH COURT OF UGANDA HOLDEN AT JINJA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9122729 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16328379\charrsid16328379 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9122729\charrsid16328379 CASE NO HCT-03 CR- SC-0323/10}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9122729 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16328379\charrsid16328379 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9122729\charrsid16328379 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}UGANDA{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85.. PROSECUTION}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9122729 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16328379\charrsid16328379 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9122729\charrsid16328379 VERSUS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9122729 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16328379\charrsid16328379 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9122729\charrsid16328379 NGOBI ARA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4202809 M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9122729\charrsid16328379 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4202809 N}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9122729\charrsid16328379 ZA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4202809 NI}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9122729\charrsid16328379 ALIAS M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4202809 AWULANA}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9122729\charrsid16328379 \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85ACCUSED \par \par BEFORE HON. LADY JUSTICE FAITH MWONDHA \par \par JUDGMENT \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9122729 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9122729 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9122729 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9122729 The accused was indicted on a charge of rape C/S 123 and 124 of the Penal Code Act. It was alleged that the accused Ngobi Ara}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4202809 ma}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9122729 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4202809 z }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9122729 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4202809 ni}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9122729 alias M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4202809 awulana}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9122729 on the 9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid9122729\charrsid9122729 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9122729 day of November 2007 at Bulondo Bukoba Zone Kamuli district did }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16328379 have}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9122729 unlawful canal knowledge of Nakiyemba Susan without her consent. \par The prosecution had the burden to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16328379 prove}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10123991 three ingredients}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9122729 beyond reasonable doubt to bring the guilt of the accused person home. Its trite law that the accused has no obligation to prove his innocence however incredible his }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16328379 defence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9122729 can be. She or he is only convicted on the strength}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7537533 of the prosecution evidence against him, see }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid7537533\charrsid78504 Justin nankya v. Uganda SC CR App 24/95 (Unreported) also see Okoth Okale v. R [1955] EA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid10497485\charrsid78504 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9122729\charrsid78504 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16328379 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10497485 On the first ingredient PW1 testified that on the fateful night, the accused who she had met when she was looking for the LCI chairman came and knocked on the room where he had got her to sleep. That he had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5464172 carnal knowledge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10497485 of her and in fact that he had three rounds of sexual intercourse. \par PW2 also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16328379 testified}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10497485 that on the material night he heard a girl making alarms. That when he went there he heard someone saying \'93 put on a protector on your penis.\'94 That the accused told her that he wanted it live. That he knew the voice, it was that of the accused. That the room was open and he saw the accused and identified him as Ma}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10123991 u}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10497485 lana. That the girl was put down. That there was a candle light. That he feared the accused to see him so he went back to his room. I was satisfied that this ingredient was proved. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16328379 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10497485 On the second ingredient, PW1 testified that when the accused came back in the night}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6567359 he had bought a bottle of soda which she refused to take. That there was candle light and he also had a panga. That she wanted to run away but the accused }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16328379 prevented}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6567359 her. That she shouted and as she shouted the accused opened his eyes and asked her if she knew him as he was threatening her with a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10569805 panga. That he demanded sex from}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6567359 her. That they fought and eventually overpowered her and forcefully had sex with her. She went the following say and reported to LCI }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16328379 Chairman}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6567359 . I was satisfied that this ingredient was proved.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10497485 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16328379 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6567359 On the third ingredient, PW1 told court that she knew the accused before. She met him in company of another man she did not know the previous day. That the accused volunteered to get her some where to sleep for a night. That the accused came back later as she was sleeping and when she opened, it was the accused}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9330476 . There was a tadooba light. He talked to her and demanded for sex. He even had a soda which she refused to take. She knew her attacker by name and before he had sex with her they fought until he over powered her. The accuse}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10569805 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9330476 in his }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16328379 defence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9330476 also told court that he knew his victim. He also stated that he saw the victim with another man and he left them as he went to his business. So the two knew each other. This is a case which depended on identification by a single identifying witness when conditions for proper identification are not favourable.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6567359 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16328379 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9330476 Its trite law that while the identification of an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16328379 accused}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9330476 person can be proved by the testimony of a single witness, this }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16328379 doesn\rquote t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9330476 lessen the need for testing with the greatest }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16328379 caution}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9330476 he evidence of such a witness regarding identification. Circumstances to be taken into account include the presence of light and its nature, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16328379 whether}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9330476 the accused was known to the witness before the incident or not, the length of time and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16328379 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9330476 opportunity the witness had to see the accused and the distanc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13698099 e between them, see }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid13698099\charrsid78504 Abdalla bin Wendo and Another v. R [1953] 20 EACA 166 and Bogere Moses and Another V. U Cr App}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid10758862\charrsid78504 No 1/97(SC).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid9330476\charrsid78504 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10758862 \par In the instant case there is no doubt whatsoever for the evidence above that the test has been proved. Fa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1331831 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10758862 ourable conditions existed so the victim identified properly her attacker and there was no possibility of mistaken identity.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1331831 This was a sexua l offence of rape where the victim in most cases is her own witness in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16328379 salient}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1331831 material all the other evidence is corroboration. In the instant case there was evidence of PW2 who had the girl/woman raising alarms and he indeed came. He heard what the a ccused spoke and saw him. But this in my view this is mere corroborative. It was held in the case of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid1331831\charrsid78504 George Bangirana v. Uganda [1975] HCB 361}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid78504 as follows, it\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1331831 true that a c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15358097 ourt is not prevented from convicting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16328379 a person}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15358097 of a sexual offence on the evidence of the complaint (prosecution) alone if she is believed by the court to be a truthful witness. But the practise in such a case consistently and rightly has been that the complaint evidence be corroborated. It is generally considered unsafe to base a convi ction only on the evidence of a complaint (prosecution) alone in sexual offences.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10758862 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15358097 \par In the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16328379 instant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15358097 case there was ample corroboration by PW2\rquote s evidence already summarised above and there was PW3 the chairman LC1 who the victim narrated to the story at her earlier opportunity, the moment it became day. The defence of the accused consisted }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16328379 of}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15358097 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16328379 emails}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15358097 and what he said could not shake and or challenge the evidence of the prosecution. The victim PW1 was consistent and appeared truthful. I could not doubt her testimony. \par \par The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16328379 defence s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15358097 ubmitted that PW1 told court that she made the alarm but no body came. As far as she was concerned that was not true and she was only being truthful. However PW2 testified that when she heard the girl shouting he came and infact the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2165216 door was not closed and there was candle light. He saw the accused }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16328379 when}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2165216 he even recognised the voice when PW1 was pleading with him to wear a condom/protector and the accused responded to say that he wanted the body (live). PW1 could not have seen PW2 becaus e PW2 was outside and was conscious of being seen by the accused. He even stated that he went a step behind. The accused had a panga. He was observing from a distance of a metre. He even knew PW1 as Susan Nakiyenka. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid78504 It\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2165216 not true that the prosecution relied heavily on PW4\rquote s evidence because even without it the defence case stands }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16328379 strongly}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2165216 . The evidence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16328379 at}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2165216 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid78504 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2165216 he hearing never objected to tendering in EXP3 so it }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid78504 can\rquote t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2165216 turn to dispute it now.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15358097 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2165216 \par The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16328379 defence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2165216 case was merely a pack of lies that could not be believed. I was satisfied that the prosecution proved the third ingredient also beyond reasonable doubt. \par \par The assessors in their opinion advised me to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16328379 find the accused person guilty and convict him accordingly.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2165216 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16328379 \par From what has already been stated in this judgment I agreed with the honourable assessors. The prosecution have proved its case beyond reasonable doubt, he is therefore found guilty }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10569805 and he is convicted accordingly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5464172 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10569805 as charged.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16328379 \par \par \par Faith Mwondha \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16328379\charrsid16328379 Judge \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16328379 23/09/2010 \par }{\*\themedata 504b030414000600080000002100828abc13fa0000001c020000130000005b436f6e74656e745f54797065735d2e786d6cac91cb6ac3301045f785fe83d0b6d8 72ba28a5d8cea249777d2cd20f18e4b12d6a8f843409c9df77ecb850ba082d74231062ce997b55ae8fe3a00e1893f354e9555e6885647de3a8abf4fbee29bbd7 2a3150038327acf409935ed7d757e5ee14302999a654e99e393c18936c8f23a4dc072479697d1c81e51a3b13c07e4087e6b628ee8cf5c4489cf1c4d075f92a0b 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