Uganda v Nyakajunga Esau (HCT-05-CR-CS-0100-2002) [2004] UGHC 91 (23 March 2004)

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\ltrpar\s15\qc \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6161849 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6161849\charrsid6161849 THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA \line IN THE H}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6161849 IGH COURT OF UGANDA AT MBARARA \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6161849 HCT-05-CR-CS-0100-2002 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6161849 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6161849 UGANDA \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85 \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85. PROSECUTOR \par -VS- \par NYAKAJUNG}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3696594 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6161849 ESAU \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85.. ACCUSED \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6161849 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6161849\charrsid6161849 BEFORE: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid6161849 THE HON. JUSTICE P. K. MUGAMBA \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qc \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6161849 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid6161849\charrsid6161849 JUDGMENT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6161849\charrsid6161849 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6161849 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6161849\charrsid6161849 The accused, Nyak ajunga Esau, is indicted for the offence of defilement, contrary to sections }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6161849 129 (1) of the Penal Code Act. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6161849\charrsid6161849 Four witnesses were called by the prosecution. The victim was PW1, Dr. Mihayo Plasidi PW2, Justina Mugizi PW3, Barungira Joy PW4 and No. 19199 P. C . Mutabazi Patrick was PW5. Medical evidence on Police Form 24 was admitted and the form received as exhibit P 1. Accused gave a sworn statement in his de}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6161849 fence but called no witnesses. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6161849\charrsid6161849 In brief the prosecution case is as follows. At about 4 p.m. on March 2001 the accused who was paternal uncle to the victim found the victim, then 10 years old, at her home in the company of several younger siblings. Accused carried the victim to a derelict house in the neighbourhood and there proceeded to have unlawful car n al knowledge of her. PW3 the mother of the victim returned from a mission to buy flour several hours later. She found the victim at home having pain in her abdomen and in both her thighs. PW3 sent the victim on an errand to buy some milk. Upon her return f rom the errand the victim went and lay in bed in pain. It was then she told PW3 that she had had sexual intercourse with accused. Thereupon PW3 went to the home of PW4, her neighbour, and requested her to accompany her to her house in order to examine the

victim. PW4 examined the victim but found no signs of the victim having had sexual intercourse. PW4 advised PW3 to report the matter to local committee authorities so that the victim could be subjected to medical examination. From the local committee PW3 secured a letter which she took to Police at Nyeihanga Police Post next morning. From Nyeihanga Police Post she got Police Form 3 and with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8720612 it she went with the victim to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6161849\charrsid6161849 Mbarara University Teaching Hospital for necessary examination. After examination }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8720612 she }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6161849\charrsid6161849 returned Police Form 3 to Police. Meanwhile accused was arrested and later tak}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8720612 en to Mbarara Police Station. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6161849\charrsid6161849 In his defence accused stated that at the time of the alleged offence he was not near the scene of crime. \line The prosecution bears the burden of proving the case agai}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8720612 nst the accused person beyond }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6161849\charrsid6161849 reasonable doubt. In so doing it must prove all the ingredients of the off}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3696594 ence of }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8720612 defilement which are: \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af0\insrsid6161849\charrsid6161849 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (i)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li1080\ri0\sl360\slmult1 \widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid8720612 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6161849\charrsid6161849 that the victim was at the t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8720612 ime less than 18 years of age; \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af0\insrsid6161849\charrsid6161849 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (ii)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6161849\charrsid6161849 that the victim had sexual interco}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8720612 urse at the time alleged; \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af0\insrsid6161849\charrsid6161849 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (iii)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6161849\charrsid6161849 that the accused part}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8720612 icipated in the crime alleged. \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8720612 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6161849\charrsid6161849 In order to ascertain the age of the accused person the best evidence is a birth certificate. However, where this is not available evidence of a person acquainted with the child\rquote s age will be accepted. Evidence from medical examination will also be accepted as well as impressions of the person\rquote s age from observation. In the case at hand the mother of the victim, PW3, testified that in the year 2004 when the girl te stified she was 13 years old. Medical evidence on exhibit P.2 shows that in March 2001 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8720612 the girl was 10 years old. She }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6161849\charrsid6161849 appeared in court and was of tender age. The defence did not contest the age of the child. I am satisfied therefore that the prosecution has proved the first ingred}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8720612 ient beyond reasonable doubt. \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6161849 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6161849\charrsid6161849 The second ingredient is whether there was sexual intercourse on the occasion alleged. The victim testified as PW 1. Her evidence was given unsworn because she was a child of tender age. It was her evidence and her evidence alone that directly stated that she had sexual intercourse on the occasion. The evidence of a child of tender years .which is given unsworn requires corroboration. According to PW4, when she examined the victim she found no sign of sexual intercourse such as a ruptured hymen or semen. Medical evidence was received as exhibit P.2. It shows the victim\rquote s hymen was not ruptured at the time of examination. Doctor Mihayo (PW2) testified that there was a bit of bruising of the vestibule and that he had noted that as a sign of force having been sexually used. During cross-examination, however, the same doctor said that the bruising was a work of friction and that he could not rule out the injuries being a result other than of sexual in tercourse. It was his finding however that the bruising was less than two days old. From the evidence available I do not find that the prosecution has proved beyond reasonable doubt that the victim had sexual interc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8720612 ourse on the occasion alleged. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6161849\charrsid6161849 The prose cution must also prove that the accused participated in the crime. The victim testified that accused had sexual intercourse with her. There is need for her evidence to be corroborated as hers was given unsworn. None of the witnesses who testified witnesse d the accused commit the offence. In his defence accused stated that at the time of the alleged offence, at 4 p.m., he was at a quarry extracting sand. He said he had gone to the quarry at 8 a.m. and did not return to the locality until 7 p.m. on the day i n question. When an accused person sets up an alibi as his defence he bears no responsibility to prove it. The prosecution must disprove the alibi by adducing evidence which places the accused s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8720612 quarely at the scene of crime. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6161849\charrsid6161849 See: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid6161849\charrsid6161849 Watete alias Wakhoka & 3 others }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid6161849\charrsid6161849 - }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid6161849\charrsid6161849 vs- Uganda [1998 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid8720612 \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid6161849\charrsid6161849 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid8720612 2000]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid6161849\charrsid6161849 HCB. 7 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid8720612 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6161849\charrsid6161849 In this case the prosecution has not disproved the alibi set up by accused. In the result this ingredient also has not been p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8720612 roved beyond reasonable doubt. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6161849\charrsid6161849 The gentlemen assessors have given me their opinion which is joint. They advise me to acquit the accused. For the reasons I have given in the course of this judgment I agree with that opinion. \line Accused is found not guilty}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8720612 and is accordingly acquitted. \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qc \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8720612 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8720612 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8720612 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8720612 P. K. 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