David Pinasha v Augustino Manana (Appeal Nos. 81 & 82 of 1988; Appeal Nos. 81 & 82 of 1988) [1989] ZMSC 131 (18 April 1989) | Aggravated robbery | Esheria

David Pinasha v Augustino Manana (Appeal Nos. 81 & 82 of 1988; Appeal Nos. 81 & 82 of 1988) [1989] ZMSC 131 (18 April 1989)

Full Case Text

·( . . I . , .. . .- . .. .. .,., . ' I " I .. . , ...... .. IN THE SUPREME COURT OF ZAMBIA Appeal Noe. 81 ·& 82 ot 1988· \ H_OLDEN. AT KABWE . . , · X. Ot• ~. ,? • .t ,., · ~ . .. , • ' . • .. ·\ • , .. . ·. : •( . rt • . ; .. ~:•·! ... "J"· ·u'.p a'~" E: N ~ ivi_e ~;: 'th~ .~(s.~·y°:}P·! .. T:.:·: .\'~· ;1.·p::~•j . .. • ' • • - . . ,.. - Chuw_; : . J .s., deliverecl th~·. ~udP,e~t ot the court_~.,:_-· :~;'., __ : · ·, ,: : . .- • ,.-. ... ,, • ; ... , , _,. .. _,. I . . . . ... > · .:•. • 1 ,,..,,1 q r .'l!OT<lli~ th~•. -~~dh.ailt. t..\'.110. th$ ·'Plwril•piit;l -~ia,ti,h¾' ·: . -~ -~ !i~P~~~ant~ ~•re., ~o~r~¼1. -~~~g~1 9~ .. , o~r•; ~9~;. :~r·~g~~,,~~ ·.• •:: ,. ;•'.:1:·,/:. ~ . robbecy ·. 0011trar7 . . to Sectio~· i;4. ot- the Penal Code. . ,-·. ·.· . · . ) : '-r: · ... , . . · ,·. ·, :· . •• · . -~ · • ·:: , "· , .,,.. ;· • ....,., .... , ... ~:...1.~l •.~~s •;,;, J..o-:>k tO-l'· Ol~. l';\pt:tl1 '.:.~:J.~ .. 5'1~ . •• ' ·' ·. ·.. : ,•• I • ,_ ♦ !"' •' 0 •• • o l o I 1, t o • o _,,. • .,.,n, . .' .'t_., '::-__·,:i. t"'~ ~ L· ,;i. :tJU'liJ ·ud '\~t1··.i:jue·5tion1:.--c:l·~;x,•1:if:,f'>, ~:.\:"01>-l;>.~r,f~ )1~.: :,. _ Upon .tpeir oo~:v~o. H~~--~h~f, !!!~J. ·-tt-f~ :~?:i:e~~:~., te, J5;r~~!' ..• v ·,.,,,;· i11pr~~.0DD1~~~ . wi.~h,_bar<i. ~ab~ui;~.~j{-~:,t ~;r•J>J,t,. a~p~:1-r~t,}~. ~¥-e .. c~~~--. ,: . · '.- . ag~i~~.; t~_•. ·.o_onv_i !?J;~C?~•.· ~-~ .. ~~-~r:~ ,~~:i,!0t hte·~-~ ,1J!~/fne~r~~~-.~~- Mr~ Phiri £or ._th~ S~t•, -:o~~re~J:}1.', ~-~~ic9!;~d~~~-~\~~1.? tt ~J ;o\ .~1!.~'f:t.,~-~ ·· the conviotion o! the eec~nd •ppellant on the · aggravated robbeq charge.; .•• , .... ,· •. ,..:..1,\t '!tr:''°"'-" . , . Fw-thez:,. a~ter. ~ ais.ouss:i,.o,n .~~- int~70~9~.se .~.~~ .t~e .~~~}. ! . ~ -•. :.~ j ,, further oonoed.ed ~ t he . . w0.l.i.ld··not· .. sup~:i;-t the conviqtioJl 'ot the .. 2nd appeU~_~t····~v~~ ~n· a ·-~~.fs~;.,~.ha;~~. ·.~t, ·';~~~iving~~--~~~~l.f~~•t~;~;;~~~~ ·. decision ~1 · the·· State•' we ,Ulow t~e• -~peal of t)le end. ·_appellant ._and , ~-'· tJ'\~ ~ .. 1:-\'\•f ,_ !: •. o.< ,·c• t~ , d' t"t,r .... · • · ··· • ·• ~ ~ • • ,. • \ • • • : • ' ; ••" • · 1•-, , , I • ■et h,im tree. '/: · ~-.. '· ,:_ .. , ". ::. •.::-... •,,·: ) ,':.i. · .. \,/i.:;:H.t the- -~<,µ~ t ~h~t; ~l·tb:~J;b ,;~ th.fr·, · .. . ' • • • • ' • • I : , ! • , : ':' •:• ' • > o o o • I O • •• • • • ~ •• • . ·• • • • • . qoin~ng to tb.e '111~ •ppeilant, ·, the .eYid~nae agaiiiat:~ i. G...z.... ,'a:·, ··~:::,,d;•,~; -:~.;-: •:f .,,~..t.i1~ ·tho COl'!l;.>l.a~1;1.'t>1-· ~·i·',u~ ~ t ;rtlb · ·~e ·that · on · · . the ma ~erii,J. .date I the aomplainan.i: ·"a.a drillking beer' µi ·, ~e1hin.ehi,:: . Doroth1, her . ,;ltull',lband .anti , t~~. ~ ,.t. ·•fpe:1,1-.it • co11powid. in Kitwe· and . during . thi.-· drinking ae.i,•ion\he 'wae joined by . _' ;l-'-1.:_· ~ .... • •• "" , Th-7:· .. ~~ed .. ~ri~ng· ·· ,, r3\.. .. . , ... . ,_ . . . . . . ~ J;'l1Jt"i ~.;.· .. .• C..'-l •• • . .. !.· _, .• ·. ·: .... 'l' •• •~·. •Ji.' f:..,Y•; 1 from ~ou.nd 16.00 .hour,.. After 18~00 hour• the c~mplaina. Dt decided -'. ·· . . . . .. . \, ... •,- . . . '" , ... J. .' <\ t~,,. I . • , · ,. -~ •.> . . -·· • .. \.. ~ : ".- ·• :{ '.i,,\• '"' :,,: . . • • ..,.,_ ,• , j, " • 1 ~ I \ . .,' .- · . _ _ -: . , . .., •' , . ., t • , I, , , . ~ . . ) . . . ' . . . " • • • . ; , • • • • • , o o , , , · 0 t • ) I I , , , , , , , · · t ' ' • · .. · to go h~!De• l1pon. making .h~a .. 'deo1·,1on·: kno~; · ~~• ,J~t."'~p~~li.an~ wggo~ted.: • • ~ ,I,. . .. .. . 2/ ••• ~~·---~-that".·.·. J' . .;,. • ! ~ " • • * • • ,l\ • 1 • • • ,· . ~. . . I i ' •• .. - .. · .. ' ' ' • • • • • • • • • • I • • • • • • • ,# . .! , . I • ~ ' ' • • • •• ••· , t . . . . • • ,. ·. ' I ' .. ....... •. that 1i, ·Bp~lld • . the· ~gllt:'at,)h1e:1ta:ril .•• ~it' wa,.eVdar~--~y~~ .. : oomplal. JMi.n.t't ., ·. cleolin~cl thia otter saying ,i t ···•till' ltlight· _aacl ~ae'e 1we~e .,s:tUl·:; ~:·:, moving~ ' · H~ than · left · the drinld,ng place £or the bus stop.~: When he . :· reaohect. ·the _first · b~st; a~p ~• ·t'otmd:•.·tbat : the~· vere no; pe~pie~;there" . . ·. H~ th.ere tore. d~c_ided to·.~-:to' ~h~ n~~ . bus stop.1 i. 1N-1"h' ~a.~ '~~i~ h~ r':_~ . heard a Yoice, whtch he raoopi.aecl · ae , that ot the a.ppe:l.lant,::·calling' :,,_,,; him • . , When. he .turn~d ~u~d he ~-•' grabbecf by "the, n~ck' ~d..· ~esa~te'd~,i t . .... He said ·h• , ~. ~esaulted by about.; 4:· peo_ple,~ bu~!• h• '. 0~7· rec.~¢~ed_· .' . · the appel~ant. · Aa ·h• . -.a■ ~a1ng· &e~l,ll. ted .hie' _elothes; Vl;t~•. :r.e~Ted. ·:' ..... ·. from him and ~l~ . K30.oo ~ah hibad!on' hi. II. '•"At>tha.t mom~nt ·1~ t0htr .. •: . there came a ·bus which showed its lights on him • . . Th• .aseailante then . ·· • . li~tef ~ill. ~d di:dpp~d hill on·. the ta;,aao and. ran •~ l-_' He walk~: i .n. ·· . ·. hie ~e4 state. t~ ·th•. houee ot· .. th~ c~irman,Hwhere· he_: re~rted:i·~•~ ~- 1 incideu~~--. 1he o_hairman upon ·.ee~~· .~he c~m~l~nanti ~e!! '_.h~ . ga!Jf him an oye~.a· ~~ - ~ sh~ft~ ~\lt ·on.'.>He. advised 1the~~ppeil.l~'t'"to: spend . , a . night: ~i ),.is,: f~.encl ·~thin. the · C?O~~d,• ~ .. 1,J. · il ~ ~· .tl-;!.:\ ,,f.1.i,:·: ·;~~.:.:. ·n,.,; t · .. · ... .:x 1,.,,~··&'l't •b·: ~r1-•~ · 1 J.'1r.i~. 1:., ~ t,J. ,,_,.. .. ~• l'.l~~.-1un1 a w:.a n,w.n...lbl'O.t")' ·,,ie,ul;Nte~ ..... , .i.n · ·. · . .... · · 1b.e following' mo~ng the· ~omplainantc told the~ohatrmaii tbat~hf!Hi ·· .. · lmew. lµa a11eailant'E! as·: the.' app,llail(·.•n'd hi• frien<l~~ ~. ~e·' chaj~'•. t!.r.,!':' . . then organised ·_the· JQUth., ~d .'_vi~1-~t~,s to look ·f~f•, th~ :~~pell~:nt~·•t:H~. · wae fi~lT ·1:,o·oate~ at -~ f~ ·and ··~e -:qu~etioned ~)loU:tl~th•.·.~bb~ry~ \~. JJ~ :: . ' adlli tt~d- ~~~ · ~ob~~ri :'~ci _ li9d'· th••··;~ . :the:, houe~<"w~~r~ ... ·~l;i~ ·. ~;P~~~1:Ut';1w~~~:' ... bad j\lat been discharged and · a~q~i tted •waa ' found.·; ~,.r aeq11-ittedn,potv10 .. :· . appell~t'-. was •·•d ;ab9ll~ . ~h•~•~lo~~!'".:fro■' tl)e l 4om~~11~ an~ 'he-r~~.•: · . ·:. .· . . - . . . ' to;ld ~h~/ ~ba~an: tha.t ·.tli• ' olo~~·-··ve_r•• brought'~ b7.'h~~ :~id,;: broth~_~.:,·:.:. · EMrist~'• _ihe _clothes were tjlen, together with the iwo:•appe:J,11;1.nt■. , :·:· ·: · .. ·. . the polio~ : ata tio~> At . t~•· polio•·, et!a. ti~i;:th~ ·app.diante7--t0 ~" .. taken···~ were arreated: fo~ · the··subjeot~~har~.i :-.. {· '".: .; ,' ,i,1~,,- , fl'·[,.-;;,~ +.•<;r: ·1;! C~·· ~- .' i. ·-,~;J· -~_.i'.~t,ie✓.\·t~;.;' nn.; pooe:ibil:{;(.il'.l ai:·~o.n~~f· ... \:-< . Ih ·h.1a ·evideno-, _ the·~appellant :told the l oourt .t~t·:~al.thoUgh .'on the .· sholled · ~a• the c:J,.othe•· lill~er: the·, ~ed~ · ih• acqui ttJi~S·"flppellant.l ~thc!tr · ' r, ,::1i•l::!"~il!t ).;t:l{,i ~. ·t;•i.f . . ...: ..,_ . . . . . . .! \ . •••.••~~~~. ~ •\:_\~·:• . ... . • ' , ; -~ •, .; • • '• • •'" ,,, •1 ', • • • • ♦ \ ,t ' .. ~ • ." •., •, • • , (.). ol . . . • • . , . - o ,• } . . . : • : ,,.... '-'. '• .. ,•"., • > 0 • • ' _, .•• • • • : ": _ '• • • • I• •. • • __.;. . ! : ,: ,' • •• ~, . ••' .._~ • • • ' O Oo 0 • • •••. -' .' • • ,, •: .:. . . • ,•• ~ ,1 1 •: ., 0 0' 0 , · o t O ,. •• "· o I : · • • : , . 1" I O • • • • • • • I ,• .. . • • . o O •, • ~ •, , ' •• ' ~ • . ' • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • o • • • • • • • • • I l II , o o ' ' ' • • • • • • I " - , " \ • • • • • • • • o o , \ ' ' • • • I : 0 0 0 : : , • • • • • I I I I ) , , , , , ' ' , ' , , , • • • • • • l ' \ • •• •• ~ ~ •,•!ti • . .. ,: ¥ ; uteri'al ·dat~. ~~ .. waa dr~~ing .. _beer wit~ -the '"'co~pl,ai~nt·,_r h~·\di~· ·p:btr.rob : .... the c~plainant ot : hi.a proper~1. :. :, ~• ·;explained·, tba t •tter:•·Dorotby~'a.nd ~ . ~•r hueband· left · the , dril)king plac~ 1~nd the·c~mpla:l~ti·havi.ng :g11/~n ... Dorot!i;:•hia· bag to oarr·i, -he. star~ect accusing the 1at•:ap:peu~~t'·a," i:he . . :. · .. on• ;whp_··,ba.d hi~ bag. ·:·· 'lhe •.complaiJ1i&11t-, beou1e,•j~nru].7._··•~<i \lie::the\ i1·~·r.t ~ .. ·. ·.· ·.· appel~t- :then ' left·. Afte~· eo11e ··:day•· he 'onl7 f'aav t~~ _.,=J.gi:~t~·-·,'vho~!-~;1:· ~-· apprehend.ed· h-im and 'led . them·' io. th~; ·house:• ot· :the I 2nd ' ·~ppei:l~nt,. f'l: '? ,•• ~-r;:_ :: l~(•o·;:y. .. ifi~~i)·.~ ' . · .. '. .:_-_ :, ·:·,.-:· ... : ,• :. : . . . . ~ •'. . . . . :~. :: .. ~ .. ... · .... .'. . .. ·.:~- . : ..... '\ .. • ' . •· .. . ! '• •, - • • • • • I I ..,. •I . :'... \ . .. ·· .. . ... .. - . :.• ... ·----·: ..... _,_.,_... , . .. ---· I, l../. I. (' ! ). =i · . . I , • .. . - ... . . . .. :• . . •' ,• ' . ,. • l • '· ',' '. ., . . . ·, . : . . .... ,. , .. : . . . . . .. ..... ~·· .. "'• ""' "' ., . - . ... .. . •. : . . .. : \- .. t '" o • . o I . . ,. I ~ I .... . ; .. . . . ' ... . . •, .. ' . 1' • • . . ·' . . ... ' , , , I • • • 0 • : ' ' ' ' I : t • • • • • • • • • • • I I I ., • • ' ' • ' • • • • • ♦ ◄ f ~ • , • • • •••, ~ 1 ' ) . , •. ,., , •• ' · ,.., "J ' ~• , 1 ,_1 • the, : : I~: • ~ ,~ t ) ,~J .. ,: { '• In arguing hi• appeal ·on· bebalt ot th• appellaiit~ . HJ-. ,SakAl._,.- th• · D~1:eotor ~t Legal Aid, ar~ed toui: additioilal· groµnd~ ·of appeal;'~-=.\lhese are, 1 • tmL t the · learned trial ~onimiasioner' ~sdireote<t.° h~~elt ' in. ·~ . . . ~ejecting th·e ·· ~!)pellant•a explanat~on ~onoe~ng .the ~rope~~,. .~ absence of the ~ebu~tal. .ev~_q.,n~,r 2~·-. th.at the Wlic~ -o~ t~e : J>ro~~~ti~~ _ .were in serious d~reli~t~oJ;l :6t·.~~t7 'i~,..failing t~ ~nv~s~i,~~.~ _th_•: ·~~-ibis _· raised. ~y the appellante wh,ich. 1'ent- ~ . t}?.e root of .. th:e' matt~J"S ;.:,._ ~Jia.t' the identif'io~tion of- the appel~te. did. n?,t'.rulu,·· out-:·tbe···111Ataken; ~ •. ~ • •, ► identi;t11 4; .that the proo~edi:ags ~•r.e a nullity ~ . 1;1:ie _abe~nce' of .a plea ·to the amen~•':l cb.arg,_ ~-t -~s•· ~1 -_pt ~h• recor~~ :·.;_:,:'_ .. _ .... _, __ ,·.-··::·:. ::,-·· ·':·::\·-':.,,.. .· - ',. ·.:\ ·::,._; •,_.(' ..... ::(F ' . ·. ..: .. ·,':~·(:,),:: ... ,'..:,:}>:.': . . :.';·:·\ ...... :· .. :.:, :·;-)\· ~n t~ing to --~rgue -ground 4,' Mr~ . .'~ a did ~o:~:. J>~o.ee(·t~th~r-. _- ' · .:. in vi.-w _'of the vi eve tak_en b;r thie court. ·. The amendnieilt l~ question ,ill .,. only ii~ ... ~ .th• y~ue ~f th~. p~op·ert1; invo~v:ed. It.-~~~~·:~?.t o~g~.;.,: :··: the sube?-DC~t.of ·the· c~~~• ~- ~n>•.= ot a"m~ndme~t ~_11 ; tbis··c.s.•·· ~ .. . .. _ · onl7· oo~e iii on the que·ati~n ·.ot: e~ntence -,ot which in thie _case does: 11ot ·: · ariee -~ · tint - ~ppellant .v~e ·gi .;~~ -~~-· ~~n~~~~ ~611'/ e!'nt.eri~e~· ~ I~ :·.' .: ~·- • argui~ further ~hl,e appeal, Mr. ~a -decided to~=~pe iy.:t t~~ .t~e~-.. · · remaining grounda · together.- Be· P"Uoul.arl7 attac~ftd ,~ ·~ •'ld~at1·r1cat:l~n in thia· ease _: saying ,that·, a~-c~~di~ ~ -. the . ··c:ompla~nt ,·h~ i~•-~tiiied 1 the voi~e calling bill on · ther~d as ;to.at · :tot the aj:>p~ll.~t -and . ~ t · w~• . not ·su.ff~oient. He ~id. tha·t. it wa.e· particularl7··.~~~to .. ~el;r: ~n .. :~~ -~-i~ j:the '.·co~µnd •. voice ·1de~tification as the appellant ·was known .b7 :~ ' . '"• . . ' Also the mental . capaci_tr. of,. t~~-. oomplaiDalit ·could · ~Y:• ·been ·. ;f.mpatr.e4. · . by the drink ·h• ~ad f~r ei~ h~~~.: ~d· _also .that. -t~._.:1-bc·i~:~.~~-: ~PP·;~ed·· · ... 8\lddenlJ· .. ~d·· ;°()r . • ·~llox-t·:- t~e,'. -~17~,. three 11t.ut·'1,.~: \ ;;:'. ·:.) .:, . . i:·,:., ; .. :· .,: "' • •.'/(•l-:,1,( ~ ,•,· r ~\ .. f . ,, • . , , ,. ·. :· -. .. . . . ~ . ;• , • , ., h ..., ' f• • _ • • 1, • . . ' ,, • A'J • .--. .• •: • ,+ ♦ t . , •..,•• •• : . • ♦ . , , 0 o 0 • . . ,. o ' 0 ,',I • • ,1 • • • • • • ... ~ l • , , • o ._ • 0 ~ o t o o ' O O O _ 0 0 0 0 0 • • • • • • • • I I t \ ' I ' , , l ; I • • • o . • , , "' • ' . • \", • •• . . . . " ; •• ' : . : . • • . •' • • .... ~:. ~ t . , • '• .,, • ' . :· • • . ••• • ·:, . . '., ··• ',. •. . .·:.:I·, .. ,~ . .-.'.:.,;,:~.,•.·, ,-,·.·••••··,~ .',:.•:,;•:'1:5~ ,; .. r.:'.: . • , l ••.• ,.,.,,.~ •• ,;-,!} ,; • ! ,•• ·•• . .... . ~.;, ·' We b,aye coliaidered t~el'icience on: reoord. an~r al.99·. the .~'t?missio~ . . W~, are sati,;f'i~d q~· the evidenc~--:tha~' th~-- ·: ·,<_.,. ··. · . . ude b1 counsel • ident~_ficaUon ip ~a-.-ca~~/ eli~~~~\ my }>Osaib~-~ti of-~ · .. h.~il•~.t · , .. :· mistake. ·· 'Ihere is · ~videnc·• ·t~ t . th• : co .. plaiJWlt ~~ · k#qwn_: _th! , ,•, .. appellai;t · for· ·th4' past ~our.7ear~ be.fqre th• · i~~-~.ci~~t-1<·, Fu_r~~r .t~•~• · · ie eyj,dence. that ~~fore the .. ~~ci4~~t · oomp~ined ¢,t·~ythiifY~:re' ~~ng together and • ther~fo;e · this i!ienti.t'ica tion b7 T~i~• ~~t. 'b~- wr~ng • . There is :',y.ao . edd.enoe·, -~~t. :th;:~PP•li~t led. ~he -~~;~n ... to, ~!:,·_ ·•. : ... houee :~here ~tolen ,prop~rt,: ~e•, f'oUlld~· tthe findi~ :_of .this .~rpp·ei:t;r ·: · · at thilil:hou.ee to \ls, c~i"robora.t~& this. identitioationby .~he. complaiunt, .that the persona v~o ~ob't;>ed :hb1 we.re ·th• .:p_pellanta • . vi.th ~th.,r p_ere_on:- ·.· unkovn: • . , , , , , . .... . . . ' ..... I I J • We are, therefore, aatisf"ied that the conviotion.' in thb aaae against the appellant is sate and. confirm this copvi,ctio11 and clilllllli■s ' . I... .. ·. t'. 'I. ; •• / ... .. ·) ' t , : , , ... :. .. , · · i ·, ·.11 .,•:"/.,.__ ~ • • J • ·; < • ~:~i .b:. , • ,t .. :..:. :,Ht-I,; ? :!r,;:,, • J? C ". . '. • ]h. r\ ,', .\ ••·f) • ., ~,t,~:n, •• . • • / ... '.· •. . . .. ,. I • • • . . · ••.•• · ••.•••• ~; •••• , • .••••••.•• •:• •• • .•• ~. ~. ! .•••• ' . . ;'Ll'-:,i ;! ·: <t..: ,·.• \ J • ;·:-~ ~- .,~,.!. · _'· M; s.r Chaila ,( .. ~·tt·..,;i: ~ .. ; . '-;1:-;: .,,'·:•.'. ~ ;',:i;~g~ .)?2YET .~~ : ' ... . , . . . . --· .. ~---,........,.-· .__;,._..~ . ..,___...:__.:..___\~~~~~~ , • • • ; • · • • ;:•r;.•,,..••llf"----~'•"~-•• ...... . . '.-•:-•~ ••• ~ .. ··••·•=•··• .. ·~•-••iti"••··•~··•·•••t•••·••••'•~-•.e,e -,; .v ... ~~fD•.'~ Qdrwa,1·.•t~ .. . . . ·. :: : . ·.. ,: ,: _.: :',. ':: ·SU~REtO, COURT JUDGE ,J u · n 1:1 ii 1-! ir ir · ·.: • .. · ., .· . . 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