Wandubire Clement V Uganda (Criminal Appeal No. 20 of 2003) [2010] UGCA 1 (17 January 2010)

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.}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}} {\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8 \pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1 \widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid211440 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9133323\charrsid211440 THE REPUBLIC OF UGA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16085474\charrsid211440 N}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9133323\charrsid211440 DA \par IN THE C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12004145\charrsid211440 O}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9133323\charrsid211440 URT OF APPEAL OF UGANDA AT KAMPALA \par CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 20 OF 2003 \par WANDUBIRE CLEMENT ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: APPELLANT \par VERSUS \par UGANDA ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: RESPONDENT \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16085474\charrsid211440 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid211440 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9133323\charrsid211440 CORAM: HON. JUSTICE A. EN. MPAGI-BAHIGEINE, JA \par \tab \tab HON. JUSTICE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid8469297\charrsid211440 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9133323\charrsid211440 C. K. BYAMUGISHA JA \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid211440 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9133323\charrsid211440 HON. JUSTICE . A. NS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid8469297\charrsid211440 H}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9133323\charrsid211440 IMYE, JA \par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid211440 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid9133323\charrsid211440 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid12782152\charrsid211440 Reasons for Decision \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid211440 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12782152\charrsid211440 \par On 23-1-2009 we heard }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5847462\charrsid211440 this appeal, dismissed it and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12782152\charrsid211440 reserved our reasons which we now proceed to give. \par \par The appellant was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5847462\charrsid211440 indicted, tried and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12782152\charrsid211440 convicted of murder contrary to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid5847462\charrsid211440 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12782152\charrsid211440 ections 188 and 189}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12782152\charrsid211440 of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12782152\charrsid211440 Penal Code Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12782152\charrsid211440 . \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15997570\charrsid211440 The facts were that on 21}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid15997570\charrsid211440 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15997570\charrsid211440 September 1998 at Kimaluli }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13110506\charrsid211440 village}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15997570\charrsid211440 in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13110506\charrsid211440 Mbale District, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5792925\charrsid211440 three persons were }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7102749\charrsid211440 murdered}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5792925\charrsid211440 in cold blood. The deceased were two p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14030978\charrsid211440 olicemen namely, No 18655 SGT Et}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5792925\charrsid211440 uket; No. 298}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7102749\charrsid211440 9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5792925\charrsid211440 0 P.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13110506\charrsid211440 C }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5792925\charrsid211440 Ojok and a civilian known as Musungu John. Prior to the tragedy on 13}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid5792925\charrsid211440 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5792925\charrsid211440 June, 1998 John Musungu had complained to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7821699\charrsid211440 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5792925\charrsid211440 police at Bugebero Police Post that the appellant had committed various offences of malicious damage to property, criminal trespass and threatening violence. The appellant had since evaded arrest}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7821699\charrsid211440 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5792925\charrsid211440 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13110506\charrsid211440 \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid817790\charrsid211440 In the morning of 21}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid817790\charrsid211440 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid817790\charrsid211440 day of September, 1998 the police made an attempt to apprehend him and the two deceased policemen led by the third deceased (the complainant)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11549033\charrsid211440 headed for t he home of the appellant After reaching appellant\rquote s house the deceased introduced themselves to the appellant. From 6.00 a.m.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8469297\charrsid211440 to 8.00 a.m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11549033\charrsid211440 the appellant had refused to open the door. SGT Etuket forced the door open in order to access the appellant after all other means had failed. As he entered the house, the appellant cut off his arm with a sharp panga th }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8469297\charrsid211440 ereby completely severing it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11549033\charrsid211440 . The appellant grabbed the gun}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8469297\charrsid211440 ,}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11549033\charrsid211440 shot SGT Etuket dead and also shot the other two deceased. Thereafter appellant escaped with his son. They were followed by a mob of angry villagers which caught up with them and instantly killed his son, a o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3419659\charrsid211440 ne Nakendo. The appellant survived narrowly by police intervention which whisked him away to safety of police custody.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11549033\charrsid211440 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid817790\charrsid211440 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5792925\charrsid211440 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11804431\charrsid211440 The appellant was subsequently indicted and charged on three counts of murder which he denied setting up a defence of provocation and self \endash defence. He was, however, convicted as charged and sentenced to death. Hence this appeal. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3419659\charrsid211440 \par The memorandum of appeal comprised three grounds namely that: \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3419659\charrsid211440 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar \jclisttab\tx720\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid211440 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3419659\charrsid211440 The learned Judge erred in law and fact when he failed to evaluate evidence on record thereby convicting the appellant. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3419659\charrsid211440 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}The learned trial Judge erred in law and fact when he rejected the defences of provocation and self-defence a nd thus establishing malice a forethought. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3419659\charrsid211440 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}The learned Judge erred in law and fact when e passed a very harsh sentence of death in the circumstances. \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid211440 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11804431\charrsid211440 \par At the hearing, Ms. Janet Nakakande Kigozi appeared for the appellant on a state brief while Ms. Alice Komuhangi Kauka Principal/State Attorney was for the respondent. \par \par Ms. Kigozi handled grounds 1 and 2 together and ground 3 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14617268\charrsid211440 separately}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11804431\charrsid211440 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8469297\charrsid211440 So did Ms. Alice Komuhangi Kauka.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11804431\charrsid211440 \par \par Concerning grounds 1 and 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4931527\charrsid211440 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11804431\charrsid211440 Ms.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14617268\charrsid211440 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11804431\charrsid211440 Kigozi contended that the learned trial judge wrongly dismissed the appellant\rquote s defence of provocation and self-defence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4931527\charrsid211440 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11804431\charrsid211440 The appellant was provoked when the deceased invaded his house at an awkward time}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14617268\charrsid211440 of 6.00 o\rquote clock in the morning and started banging and demolishing his house. These acts certainly amounted to provocation. It was erroneous for the judge to dismiss the appellant\rquote s defence despite the five live bullets found in the appellant\rquote s house. The dec}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4931527\charrsid211440 eased had forced themselves insi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8215800\charrsid211440 de}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14617268\charrsid211440 the appellant}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4931527\charrsid211440 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14617268\charrsid211440 s house while armed and the house was surrounded by the whole village. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4931527\charrsid211440 There was cause for fright. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14617268\charrsid211440 There was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4931527\charrsid211440 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14617268\charrsid211440 therefore}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4931527\charrsid211440 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14617268\charrsid211440 reasonable ground}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4931527\charrsid211440 s}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14617268\charrsid211440 for the appellant to act the way he did, in self defence. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4931527\charrsid211440 \par Learned counsel submitted that,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14617268\charrsid211440 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8215800\charrsid211440 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14617268\charrsid211440 ad the learned judge properly evalua}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4931527\charrsid211440 ted the evidence he would}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14617268\charrsid211440 have convicted the appellant of manslaugh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8215800\charrsid211440 ter}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4931527\charrsid211440 rather}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8215800\charrsid211440 than murder. The learned J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14617268\charrsid211440 udge never considered the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15335863\charrsid211440 appellant\rquote s mitigating}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14617268\charrsid211440 factors, namely that he was sick, and had eight kids}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15335863\charrsid211440 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14617268\charrsid211440 with no body to care}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15335863\charrsid211440 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14617268\charrsid211440 for them. Ms. Kigozi prayed for the appeal to be}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15335863\charrsid211440 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14617268\charrsid211440 allowed. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8469297\charrsid211440 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14617268\charrsid211440 Ms. Komuhangi, in reply, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4931527\charrsid211440 supported both conviction and sentence. She }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14617268\charrsid211440 contended that at his trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15335863\charrsid211440 , the appellant never raised these defences of provocation and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4931527\charrsid211440 self defence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11804431\charrsid211440 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15335863\charrsid211440 \par The appellant only stated that when attacke}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13898729\charrsid211440 d, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8215800\charrsid211440 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13898729\charrsid211440 e ran out through the window.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15335863\charrsid211440 The lea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8215800\charrsid211440 rned J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15335863\charrsid211440 udge, nonetheless, evaluated the two }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4931527\charrsid211440 possible defences according to law.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11804431\charrsid211440 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13110506\charrsid211440 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15335863\charrsid211440 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8215800\charrsid211440 The learned J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15335863\charrsid211440 udge observed: \par \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15335863\charrsid211440 Lastly as to the responsibility of the accused, the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid13898729\charrsid211440 law}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid8215800\charrsid211440 i }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid13898729\charrsid211440 s that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15335863\charrsid211440 \'93in every }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4931527\charrsid211440 Criminal charge it is the guilt}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15335863\charrsid211440 of the accused which is in issue. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid13898729\charrsid211440 Normally}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15335863\charrsid211440 it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11100492\charrsid211440 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15335863\charrsid211440 is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11100492\charrsid211440 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15335863\charrsid211440 undisputed that the crime was committed by somebody; and even where the question too is in issue, the crucial question is whether it was the accused who committed it\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid15335863\charrsid211440 Lenton s/o Mkirila \endash vs- Republic [1963] E. A.9at P.11}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15335863\charrsid211440 . \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11100492\charrsid211440 Here it has been contended that the accused, though being at the scene, did jump out of the window when the door was being forced open and ran into hiding only to surface at the place where his late son had been killed lynched by the mob, only to be saved by the police. However, t he police officer who was at the scene clearly identified him by peeping through the same window as the man wh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14030978\charrsid211440 o hit late Et}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11100492\charrsid211440 uket on the head, amputated his left hand, picked the gun of the deceased, and used it to kill the three deceased persons. The time was now day light and the conditions }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14973203\charrsid211440 favorable}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11100492\charrsid211440 for correct identification. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid13898729\charrsid211440 The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11100492\charrsid211440 incident took long }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid13898729\charrsid211440 enough as}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11100492\charrsid211440 to rule out any possibility of error. Wafula Peter (PW3) who is a person of the area knew }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid13898729\charrsid211440 the accused}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11100492\charrsid211440 very well and fully corroborated the officer\rquote s story. PW4 CPL Ojolim Sam who had rescued the accused from the irate mob at Bunambukye}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid13898729\charrsid211440 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11100492\charrsid211440 Primary School found him with a gun and disarmed him. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid13898729\charrsid211440 The accused}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11100492\charrsid211440 had wanted to shoot him but the firing mechanism failed This is the same gun taken from one of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid13898729\charrsid211440 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11100492\charrsid211440 deceased policemen who had failed to fire it at the scene because of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid13898729\charrsid211440 same}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11100492\charrsid211440 problem. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid13898729\charrsid211440 All this}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11100492\charrsid211440 evidence inextricably }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid13898729\charrsid211440 place}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16272407\charrsid211440 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11100492\charrsid211440 the accused at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid13898729\charrsid211440 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11100492\charrsid211440 scene of the crime and fully connects him with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid13898729\charrsid211440 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11100492\charrsid211440 commission of it, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid13898729\charrsid211440 so any}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11100492\charrsid211440 possibility of alibi is considered and found rebutted by adequate and plausible evidence, so the alibi is rejected for the reasons given above\'94.

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid151535\charrsid211440 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid151535\charrsid211440 Regarding the two defences }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16272407\charrsid211440 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid151535\charrsid211440 f provocation and self-defence, the learned judge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4931527\charrsid211440 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid151535\charrsid211440 after reviewing the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4931527\charrsid211440 relevant law}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid151535\charrsid211440 concluded}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4931527\charrsid211440 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid151535\charrsid211440 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid151535\charrsid211440 \'93\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85. The police were }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14828709\charrsid211440 acting}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4931527\charrsid211440 lawfully in seeking to gain entrance}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14828709\charrsid211440 by force and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2050944\charrsid211440 apprehend a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16272407\charrsid211440 suspect under }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid16272407\charrsid211440 S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid14828709\charrsid211440 ection 16 of the Criminal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid2050944\charrsid211440 procedure}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14828709\charrsid211440 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid14828709\charrsid211440 Code}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14828709\charrsid211440 . Secondly, a lot of time passed between }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2050944\charrsid211440 the time}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14828709\charrsid211440 of arrival, and the time of the killings coupled with exchange of words as to show the occupants of the house that the police were there for lawful }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2050944\charrsid211440 purposes and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14828709\charrsid211440 had nothing to fear, but the occupants }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2050944\charrsid211440 instead}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14828709\charrsid211440 resorted to violence and hence the killings. Provocation is thus ruled }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2050944\charrsid211440 out}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14828709\charrsid211440 , and is not available in these circumstances}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1190185\charrsid211440 . }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4931527\charrsid211440 Similarly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1190185\charrsid211440 self-defence is ruled out since the circumstances}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14828709\charrsid211440 show that the police were}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1190185\charrsid211440 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4931527\charrsid211440 acting lawfully}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1190185\charrsid211440 , they never attacked the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4931527\charrsid211440 occupants with}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1190185\charrsid211440 any }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14828709\charrsid211440 amount of force nece}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid8469297\charrsid211440 ssitating the cutting of late E}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14030978\charrsid211440 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14828709\charrsid211440 uket \rquote s hand, severing his left hand, picking up the g}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2050944\charrsid211440 u}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14828709\charrsid211440 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2050944\charrsid211440 }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14828709\charrsid211440 of the deceased and shooting him dead together with}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2050944\charrsid211440 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14828709\charrsid211440 P. C. Ojok and Johhn William Musungu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2050944\charrsid211440 \'94. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid151535\charrsid211440 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid151535\charrsid211440 We cannot fault the learned trial judge. He exhaustively reviewed all the evidence on record. The appellant was pinned down in the commission of the three gris ly murders in cold blood, for which the defence of provocation and self-defence cannot }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14828709\charrsid211440 by any }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8469297\charrsid211440 imaginable yard}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1190185\charrsid211440 stick}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14828709\charrsid211440 be availed him.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid151535\charrsid211440 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8469297\charrsid211440 \par Submissions on the other ground were mere repetitions. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14828709\charrsid211440 For the above reasons we dismissed the appeal. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1190185\charrsid211440 The learned J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14828709\charrsid211440 udge con sidered the submissions in mitigation and found them unhelpful. This was case of extreme and unwarranted savagery. \par We}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2050944\charrsid211440 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14828709\charrsid211440 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2050944\charrsid211440 u}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14828709\charrsid211440 s uphold the findings and the sentence passed by the High Court. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9133323\charrsid211440 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid211440 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12004145\charrsid211440 Dated at Kampala this }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14973203\charrsid211440 18}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\super\insrsid14973203\charrsid211440 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14973203\charrsid211440 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12004145\charrsid211440 ay of}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14973203\charrsid211440 January}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12004145\charrsid211440 20}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14973203\charrsid211440 10}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12004145\charrsid211440 . \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1190185\charrsid211440 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9133323\charrsid211440 HON. JUSTICE A. E}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12004145\charrsid211440 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9133323\charrsid211440 N. MPAGI-BAHIGEINE \par JUSTICE OF APPEAL \par \par HON. JUSTICE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12004145\charrsid211440 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9133323\charrsid211440 C. K. BYAMUGISHA \par JUSTICE OF APPEAL \par \par HON. JUSTICE . A. 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