Cap. 369 sub. leg. Y

Merchant Shipping (Safety) (Fire Protection) (Ships Built On or After 1 September 1984) Regulations(Cap. 369, sections 99, 101, 107, 112 and 112B)(Enacting provision omitted—E.R. 1 of 2022) [2 August 1991](Format changes—E.R. 1 of 2022) Part I Preliminary 1. Citation, interpretation and application (E.R. 1 of 2022)(1) These regulations may be cited as the Merchant Shipping (Safety) (Fire Protection) (Ships Built On or After 1 September 1984) Regulations.(2) (Omitted as spent—E.R. 1 of 2022)(3) In these regulations the following expressions have the following meanings respectively— “A” Class division (“A”級隔板) means a bulkhead or part of a deck which is— (a) constructed of steel or other equivalent material; (b) suitably stiffened; (c) so constructed as to be capable of preventing the passage of smoke and flame to the end of the 60 minute standard fire test; (L.N. 254 of 2018) (d) so insulated where necessary with suitable non-combustible materials that if the division is exposed to a standard fire test the average temperature on the unexposed side of the division shall not increase more than 139°C (for a pre-1998 ship) or 140°C (for a post-1998 ship) above the initial temperature nor shall the temperature at any one point, including any joint, rise more than 180°C above the initial temperature within the time listed below— (L.N. 254 of 2018)“A-60” standard 60 minutes“A-30” standard 30 minutes“A-15” standard 15 minutes“A-0” standard 0 minutes; and (L.N. 254 of 2018) (e) for a post-1998 ship—of a type approved by the Administration in accordance with the Fire Test Procedures Code; (L.N. 254 of 2018) accommodation spaces (起居艙) means— (a) public spaces; (b) corridors and lobbies; (c) stairways; (d) lavatories; (e) cabins; (f) offices; (g) hospitals; (h) hairdressing salons; (i) pantries not containing cooking appliances; (j) lockers; (k) games and hobbies’ rooms; (l) spaces similar to any of the foregoing and trunks to such spaces allocated to passengers or crew; Administration (主管機關) means— (a) the Director; or (b) the government of a place outside Hong Kong that is a Convention country; (L.N. 254 of 2018) alteration (改動), for the purposes of the definition of constructed, means any repair, alteration or modification that is of a major character; (L.N. 254 of 2018)approved (批准) means approved by the Director; “B” Class division (“B”級隔板) means a bulkhead, part of a deck, ceiling or lining which is— (a) so constructed as to be capable of preventing the passage of flame to the end of the first 30 minutes of the standard fire test; (b) so constructed as to provide an insulation standard such that, if the division is exposed to a standard fire test, the average temperature on the unexposed side of the division shall not increase more than 139°C (for a pre-1998 ship) or 140°C (for a post-1998 ship) above the initial temperature, nor shall the temperature at any one point, including any joint, rise more than 225°C above the initial temperature within the time listed below— (L.N. 254 of 2018)“B-15” standard 15 minutes“B-0” standard 0 minutes; (L.N. 254 of 2018) (c) constructed of suitable non-combustible materials and all materials whose use is necessary for or ancillary to its construction and erection shall be non-combustible, with the exception that combustible veneers may be permitted provided that they meet the requirements of regulation 84, 100, 121 or 138; and (L.N. 254 of 2018) (d) for a post-1998 ship—of a type approved by the Administration in accordance with the Fire Test Procedures Code; (L.N. 254 of 2018) bulkhead deck (艙壁甲板) means the uppermost deck up to which transverse watertight bulkheads are carried;“C” Class division (“C”級隔板) means a bulkhead, ceiling or lining which is constructed of suitable non-combustible materials not being an “A” Class division or a “B” Class division; cargo area (貨物區) means that part of the ship which contains— (a) the cargo tanks, slop tanks and cargo pump rooms; and (b) the following spaces when they are adjacent to the cargo tanks; namely, pump rooms other than cargo pump rooms, cofferdams, ballast spaces and void spaces, and extends fore and aft between the forward end of the most forward of those tanks or other spaces and the after end of the aftermost of those tanks or other spaces and athwartships over the whole breadth of the ship; and the deck area over that part of the ship; cargo control station (貨物控制站) means a space from which the loading, discharging or transferring of any cargo may be controlled;cargo pump room (貨泵房) means a room in which any pumps used for loading, discharging or transferring cargoes are located;cargo ship (貨船) means any ship which is not a passenger ship;cargo spaces (貨艙) are all spaces used for cargo including cargo oil tanks, slop tanks and trunks to such spaces; central control station (中央控制站) means a control station in which the following control and indicator functions are centralised— (a) fixed fire detection and alarm system; (b) automatic sprinklers, fire detection and alarm system; (c) fire door indicator panel; (d) fire door closure; (e) watertight door indicator panel; (f) watertight door closures; (L.N. 254 of 2018) (g) ventilation fans; (h) general/fire alarm; (i) communication systems including telephones; and (j) microphone to public address system; (L.N. 410 of 1995) chemical tanker (化學品液貨船) means a tanker constructed or adapted and used for the carriage in bulk of any liquid product of a flammable nature listed in either— (a) Chapter 17 of the International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk; or (b) Chapter VI of the Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk, whichever is applicable; closed ro/ro cargo space (封閉式滾裝貨艙) means a ro/ro cargo space which is not an open ro/ro space and not a weather deck;Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk (《散裝運輸危險化學品船舶構造和設備規則》) means the code so entitled adopted by the International Maritime Organization by Resolution A 212 (VII);Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Liquefied Gases in Bulk (《散裝運輸液化氣體船舶構造和設備規則》) means the code so entitled adopted by the International Maritime Organization by Resolution A 328 (IX);combination carrier (油類／散貨兩用船) means a tanker designed to carry oil or alternatively solid cargoes in bulk;combustible material (可能燃燒物料) is a material other than an non-combustible material; (L.N. 254 of 2018) constructed (建造), in relation to a ship, means the stage at which— (a) the keel of the ship is laid; (b) construction identifiable with the ship begins and assembly of the ship has commenced comprising at least 50 tonnes or 1% of the estimated mass of all structural material, whichever is less; (c) if the ship has undergone only one alteration—the alteration commences; or (d) if the ship has undergone 2 or more alterations—the latest alteration commences; (L.N. 254 of 2018) Continuous “B” Class ceiling or lining (連續“B”級艙內鋪板或襯板) means a “B” Class division forming a ceiling or lining which terminates only at an “A” or “B” Class division;continuously manned central control station (持續有人手編配的中央控制站) means a central control station which is continuously manned by a responsible member of the crew; (L.N. 410 of 1995)control room (控制室) means a room either within or outside a propulsion machinery space from which propulsion machinery and boilers may be controlled;control stations (控制站) means spaces in which radio or main navigating equipment, or the emergency source of power, or the central fire recording equipment, or fire control equipment, or fire extinguishing installations are located or a control room located outside a propulsion machinery space;Convention country (公約國) means a country that is a party to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea signed in London on 1 November 1974, or any convention that replaces that Convention or any successor convention, as amended from time to time and as applicable to Hong Kong; (L.N. 254 of 2018) crude oil (原油) means any oil occurring naturally in the earth whether or not treated to render it suitable for transportation and includes— (a) crude oil from which certain distillate fractions may have been removed; and (b) crude oil to which certain distillate fractions may have been added; dangerous goods (危險貨物) means dangerous goods as defined by section 1(1) of the Merchant Shipping (Safety) (Dangerous Goods and Marine Pollutants) Regulation (Cap. 413 sub. leg. H); (L.N. 254 of 2018)deadweight (載重量) means the difference in tonnes between the displacement of a ship in water of a specific gravity of 1.025 at the load waterline corresponding to the assigned summer freeboard and the lightweight of the ship;equivalent material (同等物料) as used in the expression “steel or other equivalent material” means any non-combustible material which, by itself or due to insulation provided, has structural and integrity properties equivalent to steel at the end of an appropriate fire test;existing ship (現有船舶) means a ship which is not a new ship;Fire Test Procedures Code (《耐火測試程序規則》) means the International Code for Application of Fire Test Procedures adopted by the International Maritime Organization by Resolution MSC.61(67); (L.N. 254 of 2018) gas carrier (氣體運輸船) means a tanker constructed or adapted and used for the carriage in bulk of any liquefied gas or certain other substances of a flammable nature listed in either— (a) Chapter 19 of the International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Liquefied Gases in Bulk; (b) Chapter XIX of the Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships carrying Liquefied Gases in Bulk, whichever is applicable; gas safe space (氣體安全艙) is a space into which the entry of hydrocarbon gases or other gases of a flammable or toxic nature has been restricted;Guidelines for Inert Gas Systems (惰性氣體系統指南) (MSC/Circ 353) forms part of the publication “Inert Gas Systems” 1983 edition published by the International Maritime Organization;helicopter facility (直升機設施) has the meaning given by the Standards for On-board Helicopter Facilities adopted by the International Maritime Organization by Resolution A.855(20); (L.N. 254 of 2018)Hong Kong ship (香港船舶) means a ship which is registered in Hong Kong;IMDG Code (《海運危險貨物規則》) means the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code adopted by the International Maritime Organization by Resolution MSC.122(75), as from time to time revised or amended by any revision or amendment that applies to Hong Kong; (L.N. 254 of 2018)IMSBC Code (《固體散裝貨規則》) means the International Maritime Solid Bulk Cargoes Code adopted by the International Maritime Organization by Resolution MSC.268(85) on 4 December 2008, as from time to time revised or amended by any revision or amendment that applies to Hong Kong; (L.N. 254 of 2018)International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk (《國際散裝運輸危險化學品船舶構造和設備規則》) means the code so entitled adopted by the International Maritime Organization by Resolution MSC 4(48);International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Liquefied Gases in Bulk (《國際散裝運輸液化氣體船舶構造和設備規則》) means the code so entitled adopted by the International Maritime Organization by Resolution MSC 5(48);length (長度) in relation to a registered ship means registered length, and in relation to an unregistered ship means the length from the fore part of the stem to the aft side of the head of the stern post or, if no stern post is fitted to take the rudder, to the fore side of the rudder stock at the point where the rudder passes out of the hull;lightweight (空載重量) means the displacement of a ship in tonnes without cargo, oil fuel, lubricating oil, ballast water, fresh water in tanks, stores, together with passengers and crew and their effects;low flame spread characteristics (低火焰蔓延特性), in relation to a material, means the material being so described is able to adequately restrict the spread of flame, as determined in accordance with the Fire Test Procedures Code; (L.N. 254 of 2018)machinery space (機艙) means a space which contains propulsion machinery, boilers, oil fuel units, steam and internal combustion engines, generators and major electrical machinery, oil filling stations, refrigerating, stabilizing, ventilation and air conditioning machinery and similar spaces and where the context so admits, any trunk to such a space; machinery space of Category A (A類機艙) means a machinery space which contains— (a) internal combustion type machinery used either for main propulsion purposes, or for other purposes where such machinery has in the aggregate a total power output of not less than 375 kilowatts; or (b) any oil-fired boiler or oil-fuel unit, and any trunk to such a space; main vertical zones (主垂直防火區) means the main vertical zones into which the hull, superstructure and deck houses of a ship are divided in accordance with regulation 76 or 92;Merchant Shipping Notice (商船公告) means a Notice described as such, issued by the United Kingdom Department of Transport, and includes a reference to any document amending or replacing that Notice which is approved by the Director and notified to this effect in the Gazette;new ship (新船舶) means a ship the keel of which is laid or which is at a similar stage of construction on or after 1 September 1984; (L.N. 410 of 1995)newly converted passenger ship (新改裝的客船) means an existing ship other than a passenger ship which is converted into a passenger ship after 1 September 1984 such conversion having commenced after that date; non-combustible material (非可能燃燒物料) means— (a) for a pre-1998 ship—a material that, when heated to a temperature of 750oC in a test carried out in accordance with British Standard Specification 476: Part 4: 1970, neither flames for longer than 10 seconds duration, nor raises either its internal temperature or the temperature of the test furnace more than 50oC above 750oC; or (b) for a post-1998 ship—a material that, when heated to a temperature of approximately 750oC, neither burns nor gives off flammable vapours in a quantity that is sufficient for self-ignition, as determined in accordance with the Fire Test Procedures Code; (L.N. 254 of 2018) oil-fired boiler (燃油鍋爐) means any boiler wholly or partly fired by liquid fuel;oil-fuel unit (燃油機組) means the equipment used for the preparation of oil fuel for delivery to an oil-fired boiler or equipment used for the preparation for delivery of heated oil to an internal combustion engine, and includes any pressure pumps, filters and heaters dealing with oil at a pressure more than 1.8 bar (0.18 N/mm2);open ro/ro cargo spaces (開放式滾裝貨艙) are ro/ro cargo spaces which are open at both ends, or open at one end and provided with adequate natural ventilation effective over the entire length through permanent openings in the side plating or deck head;passenger ship (客船) means a ship carrying more than 12 passengers;post 1992 ship (1992年後建造的船舶) means a ship the keel of which is laid or which is at a similar stage of construction on or after 1 February 1992; (L.N. 410 of 1995)post-1998 ship (1998年後建造的船舶) means a ship constructed on or after 1 July 1998; (L.N. 254 of 2018)post January 1994 ship (1994年1月後建造的船舶) means a ship the keel of which is laid or which is at a similar stage of construction on or after 1 January 1994; (L.N. 410 of 1995)post October 1994 ship (1994年10月後建造的船舶) means a ship the keel of which is laid or which is at a similar stage of construction on or after 1 October 1994; (L.N. 410 of 1995)pre-1998 ship (1998年前建造的船舶) means a ship constructed before 1 July 1998; (L.N. 254 of 2018)public spaces (公用艙) includes halls, dining rooms, bars, smoke rooms, lounges, recreation rooms, nurseries, libraries, cinemas, sale shops and similar permanently enclosed spaces allocated to passengers or crew;Reid vapour pressure (雷德蒸氣壓力) means the vapour pressure of a liquid as determined by laboratory testing in a standard manner in the Reid apparatus; rooms containing furniture and furnishings of restricted fire risk (內設有限火警危險的家具及陳設的房間) means rooms in which— (a) all case furniture such as desks, wardrobes, dressing tables, bureaux, dressers, is constructed entirely of approved non-combustible materials, except that a combustible veneer not exceeding 2 millimetres may be used on the finished surface of such furniture; (b) all free-standing furniture such as chairs, sofas, tables is constructed with frames of non-combustible materials; (c) all draperies, curtains and other suspended textile materials—(i) for a pre-1998 ship—have the qualities of resistance to the propagation of flame in accordance with the requirement of Type B performance of British Standard 5867: Part 2: 1980; or(ii) for a post-1998 ship—the qualities of resistance to the propagation of flame of which are not inferior to those of wool of mass 0.8 kilogram per square metre, as determined in accordance with the Fire Test Procedures Code; (L.N. 254 of 2018; E.R. 1 of 2022) (d) for—(i) a pre-1998 ship—the surface of all floor coverings has the qualities of resistance to the propagation of flame to the satisfaction of the Director; or(ii) a post-1998 ship—the material of all floor coverings is of low flame spread characteristics; (L.N. 254 of 2018) (e) for—(i) a pre-1998 ship—the upholstered parts of all furniture have the qualities of resistance to the ignition and propagation of flame to the satisfaction of the Director; or(ii) a post-1998 ship—all furniture that is upholstered furniture has the qualities of resistance to the ignition and propagation of flame, as determined in accordance with the Fire Test Procedures Code; and (L.N. 254 of 2018) (f) for a post-1998 ship—all bedding components have the qualities of resistance to the ignition and propagation of flame, as determined in accordance with the Fire Test Procedures Code; (L.N. 254 of 2018) ro/ro cargo spaces (滾裝貨艙) means spaces not normally subdivided in any way and extending to either a substantial length or the entire length of the ship in which goods (packaged or in bulk), in or on rail or road cars, vehicles (including road or rail tankers), trailers, containers, pallets, demountable tanks or in or on similar stowage units or other receptacles can be loaded and unloaded normally in a horizontal direction;sailing ship (帆船) includes a ship provided with sufficient sail area for navigation under sails alone, whether or not fitted with mechanical means of propulsion;service spaces (服務艙) include galleys, pantries containing cooking appliances, laundries, drying rooms, lockers and store rooms, paint rooms, baggage rooms, mail and specie rooms, workshops (other than those forming part of machinery spaces) and similar spaces and trunks to such spaces;special category space (特種艙) means any enclosed space above or below the bulkhead deck intended for the carriage of motor vehicles with fuel in their tanks for their own propulsion, into and from which such vehicles can be driven and to which passengers have access; specified Chapter II-1 (《第II-1章指明版》) means Chapter II-1 of the Annex to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea signed in London on 1 November 1974, as revised or amended by the following instruments adopted by the International Maritime Organization that apply to Hong Kong— (a) the Protocol of 1978 relating to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974 adopted on 17 February 1978; (b) the Protocol of 1988 relating to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974 adopted on 11 November 1988; (c) Resolutions MSC.1(XLV), MSC.2(XLV), MSC.6(48), MSC.11(55) and MSC.12(56); (d) Resolution 1 of the Conference of Contracting Governments to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974 on the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System adopted on 9 November 1988; (e) Resolutions MSC.13(57), MSC.19(58), MSC.26(60) and MSC.27(61); (f) Resolution 1 of the Conference of Contracting Governments to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974 adopted on 29 November 1995; and (g) Resolutions MSC.47(66), MSC.57(67) and MSC.65(68); (L.N. 254 of 2018) specified Chapter II-2 (《第II-2章指明版》) means Chapter II-2 of the Annex to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea signed in London on 1 November 1974, as revised or amended by the following instruments adopted by the International Maritime Organization that apply to Hong Kong— (a) the Protocol of 1978 relating to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974 adopted on 17 February 1978; (b) the Protocol of 1988 relating to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974 adopted on 11 November 1988; (c) Resolutions MSC.1(XLV), MSC.6(48), MSC.13(57), MSC.22(59), MSC.24(60), MSC.27(61) and MSC.31(63); (d) Resolution 1 of the Conference of Contracting Governments to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974 adopted on 29 November 1995; and (e) Resolution MSC.57(67); (L.N. 254 of 2018) standard fire test (標準耐火測試) means— (L.N. 254 of 2018) (a) for a pre-1998 ship—a test in which a specimen of the relevant “A” Class or “B” Class division, having an exposed surface area of not less than 4.65 square metres and a bulkhead height or deck length of 2.44 metres, resembling as closely as possible the intended construction and including where appropriate at least one joint, is exposed in a test furnace to a series of time temperature relationships defined by a smooth curve drawn through the following temperature points measured above the initial furnace temperature— (L.N. 254 of 2018) At the end of the first 5 minutes 556oC At the end of the first 10 minutes 659oC At the end of the first 15 minutes 718oC At the end of the first 30 minutes 821oC At the end of the first 60 minutes 925oC; or (L.N. 254 of 2018) (b) for a post-1998 ship—a test in which the specimens of the relevant bulkheads or decks are exposed in a test furnace to temperatures corresponding approximately to the standard time-temperature curve, in accordance with the test methods referred to in the Fire Test Procedures Code; (L.N. 254 of 2018) suitable (適合) in relation to material means approved by the Director as suitable for the purpose for which it is used;surface spread of flame (表面火焰蔓延) means the surface spread of flame classified as Class 1 or Class 2 within the meaning of British Standard 476: Part 7: 1971;tanker (液貨船) means a cargo ship constructed or adapted for the carriage in bulk of liquid cargoes of a flammable nature; tons (噸) means gross tons and a reference to tons— (a) in relation to a ship having alternative gross tonnages under paragraph 13 of Schedule 5 of the Merchant Shipping (Registration) (Tonnage) Regulations (Cap. 415 sub. leg. C) is a reference to the larger of these tonnages; and (E.R. 1 of 2022) (b) in relation to a ship having its tonnage determined both under Part II and regulation 16 of those regulations is a reference to its gross tonnage as determined under regulation 16 of those regulations; water seal (水封) means an arrangement or device using water, to prevent the back flow of gases or vapours from cargo tanks into gas safe spaces;weather deck (露天甲板) means a deck completely exposed to the weather from above and at least 2 sides.(L.N. 410 of 1995; L.N. 254 of 2018)(3A) For the purpose of subregulations (3) and (5), construction of a ship reaches a stage of construction similar to that at which the keel of the ship is laid when construction identifiable with that ship begins and assembly of that ship has commenced comprising at least 50 tonnes or 1% of the estimated mass of all structural materials whichever is less. (L.N. 410 of 1995; L.N. 254 of 2018)(4) Any reference in these regulations to—(a) the Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk;(b) the International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk;(c) the Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Liquefied Gases in Bulk;(d) the International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Liquefied Gases in Bulk;(e) the IMDG Code; (L.N. 254 of 2018)(f) the IMSBC Code; (L.N. 254 of 2018)(g) the Guidelines for Inert Gas Systems;(h) a British Standard; or(i) a Merchant Shipping Notice,shall include a reference to any document amending that publication which is considered by the Director to be relevant.(5) (a) Subject to paragraphs (aa) and (b) these regulations shall apply to Hong Kong ships wherever they may be and to other ships while they are within the waters of Hong Kong which are— (L.N. 410 of 1995)(i) new ships;(ii) newly converted passenger ships,and to the extent that the Director deems reasonable and practicable to any major repairs, alterations and modifications to existing ships commencing on or after 1 September 1984; provided that any such repairs, alterations and modifications carried out pursuant to a contract entered into before 1 September 1984 shall be deemed to have commenced before that date.(aa) Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (a), passenger ships of Class I, II or II(A) constructed before 1 October 1994 and carrying more than 36 passengers when undergoing repairs, alterations, modifications and outfitting related thereto involving the replacement of material of 50 tonnes or above, other than that required by subregulation (7), shall comply with all the requirements of these regulations which are applicable to passenger ships of Class I, II or II(A) constructed on or after 1 October 1994 and carrying more than 36 passengers. (L.N. 410 of 1995)(b) These regulations shall not apply to— (E.R. 1 of 2022)(i) fishing vessels;(ii) the following non-Hong Kong ships—(A) cargo ships of less than 500 tons;(B) troopships;(C) ships not propelled by mechanical means;(D) a ship by reason of her being within the waters of Hong Kong if she would not have been therein but for stress of weather or any other circumstances that neither the master nor the owner nor the charterer (if any) could have prevented; (L.N. 254 of 2018)(iii) a ship constructed on or after 1 July 2002. (L.N. 254 of 2018; E.R. 1 of 2022)(6) Any approval given in pursuance of these regulations shall be given in writing and shall specify the date on which it takes effect and the conditions (if any) on which it is given.(7) Notwithstanding the generality of subregulation (5)—(a) every passenger ship of Class I or II, and every passenger ship of Class II(A) of 21.34 metres in length or over, constructed before 1 October 1994 and carrying more than 36 passengers, shall comply with—(i) regulations 10(8)(b) and (c), 79(3B), 80(6A)(b) and (d), 82(9)(e), 86(4)(a) and 110(5B) not later than 1 October 1997;(ii) regulations 80(6A)(c) and 82(2A) not later than 1 October 2000; and(iii) regulation 86(4)(b) not later than 1 October 2005 or 15 years after the date of construction of the ship, whichever is later; and(b) every passenger ship of Class II(A) of less than 21.34 metres in length, constructed before 1 October 1994 and carrying more than 36 passengers shall comply with regulation 17(1)(c)(iii) and (2)(b)(iii) not later than 1 October 2000. (L.N. 410 of 1995) 2. Classification of ships (1) For the purpose of these regulations the ships to which these regulations apply shall be arranged in the following classes— Passenger shipsClass I. Passenger ships engaged on voyages (not being short international voyages) any of which are long international voyages.Class II. Passenger ships engaged on voyages (not being long international voyages) any of which are short international voyages.Class II(A). Passenger ships in respect of which there is or should be in force a certificate entitled “Passenger Certificate Class II(A)” being a certificate for ships engaged on voyages of any kind other than international voyages. Ships other than passenger shipsClass VII. Ships (other than ships of Classes I, VII(T), VII(A) and XI) engaged on voyages any of which are long international voyages.Class VII(A). Ships employed as fish processing or canning factory ships, and ships engaged in the carriage of persons employed in the fish processing or canning industries.Class VII(T). Tankers engaged on voyages any of which are long international voyages.Class VIII. Ships (other than ships of Classes II, VIII(T), IX and XI) engaged on voyages (not being long international voyages) any of which are short international voyages.Class VIII(A). Ships (other than ships of Classes II(A), VIII(A)(T), IX, IX(A) and XI), engaged on voyages which are not international voyages.Class VIII(T). Tankers engaged on voyages (not being long international voyages) any of which are short international voyages.Class VIII(A)(T). Tankers engaged only on voyages which are not international voyages.Class IX. Tugs and tenders (other than ships of Classes II and II(A)) which proceed to sea but are not engaged on long international voyages.Class IX(A). Ships which do not proceed to sea.Class IX(A)(T). Tankers which do not proceed to sea.Class XI. Sailing ships which proceed to sea.(2) For the purposes of this regulation—long international voyage (長途國際航程) means an international voyage which is not a short international voyage within the meaning of Part II of the Ordinance. Part II Fire Prevention and Fire Appliances: Passenger Ships Ships of Class I 3. Fire pumps, fire main, water service pipes, hydrants, hoses and nozzles (1) Every ship of Class I shall be provided with appliances in accordance with this regulation whereby at least 2 jets of water as required by these regulations, can reach any part of the ship normally accessible to the passengers or crew while the ship is being navigated and any store room and any part of any cargo space when empty.(2) Every ship of Class I of 4,000 tons or over shall be provided with at least 3 fire pumps operated by power and every such ship of under 4,000 tons shall be provided with at least 2 such pumps. Each pump shall be capable of delivering at least one jet of water simultaneously from each of any 2 hydrants, hoses and nozzles provided in the ship and shall comply with the requirements of regulation 60.(3) (a) In every ship of Class I of 1,000 tons or over the arrangement of the sea connections pumps and the sources of power for operating them shall be such as will ensure that a fire in any one compartment will not put all the fire pumps out of action.(b) If in any ship of Class I of less than 1,000 tons a fire in any one compartment could put all the fire pumps out of action there shall be provided, in a position outside the machinery spaces, an independently driven power operated emergency fire pump and its source of power and sea connection. Such pump shall be capable of producing at least one jet of water simultaneously from each of any 2 hydrants and hoses through nozzles which shall comply with regulation 62(4)(b), while simultaneously maintaining a pressure of at least 2.1 bar (0.21 N/mm2) at any hydrant in the ship.(4) (a) In every ship of Class I there shall be provided a fire main, water service pipes, hydrants, hoses and nozzles which shall be so arranged that they comply with the requirements of regulations 61 and 62 when all watertight door and all doors in main vertical zone bulkheads are closed.(b) In every ship of Class I of 1,000 tons or over, the arrangement of fire pumps, fire mains and hydrants shall be such that at least one jet of water is immediately available from any one hydrant in an interior location. Arrangements shall also be made to ensure the continuation of the output of water by the automatic starting of a fire pump required by these regulations.(5) In every ship of Class I at least one fire hose shall be provided for every hydrant fitted in compliance with these regulations. Such hoses shall be used only for the purpose of extinguishing fires or for testing the fire extinguishing appliances at fire drills and surveys.(6) In every ship of Class I where in any machinery space of Category A, access is provided at a low level from an adjacent shaft tunnel, 2 hydrants fitted with hoses and nozzles shall be provided external to, but near the entrance to, that machinery space. Where such access is not provided from a tunnel but is provided from another space or spaces there shall be provided in one of those spaces 2 hydrants fitted with hoses and nozzles near the entrance to the machinery space of Category A. Such provisions need not be made when the tunnel or adjacent spaces are not part of an escape route.(7) In every ship of Class I all required hydrants in machinery spaces shall be fitted with hoses and nozzles. (L.N. 410 of 1995)(8) In every ship of Class I in every special category space and ro/ro cargo space the number of hydrants with hoses shall be so arranged that at least 2 jets of water each from a single length of hose, not emanating from the same hydrants, may reach any part of the space. Such hydrants shall be positioned near the accesses to the protected spaces.(9) In every ship of Class I at least 3 water fog applicators in addition to the nozzles required by these regulations shall be provided in special category spaces. 4. Portable fire extinguishers in accommodation, cargo and service spaces (1) In every ship of Class I there shall be provided on each deck below the bulkhead deck a sufficient number of portable fire extinguishers so that at least 2 shall be readily available for use in every accommodation space, service space and control station between main vertical zones. In enclosed accommodation spaces, service spaces and control stations above the bulkhead deck at least one such extinguisher shall be provided for use on each side of the ship in such spaces. The number of such extinguishers in such spaces shall not be less than 5 in a ship of 1,000 tons or over. In addition at least one portable fire extinguisher and a fire blanket shall be provided in every galley; provided that where the deck area of any galley exceeds 45 square metres, at least 2 such extinguishers and 2 such blankets shall be provided.(2) In every ship of Class I at least one portable fire extinguisher shall be provided for use in each control station.(3) One of the portable fire extinguishers intended for use in any space shall be available near the entrance to that space.(4) In every ship of Class I there shall be provided in each special category space and cargo space intended for the carriage of motor vehicles with fuel in their tanks for their own propulsion—(a) at least 2 portable extinguishers, suitable for extinguishing oil fires, for every 40 metres length of deck space, so arranged that at least one extinguisher is available on each side of the space and at least one extinguisher is available at each access to the space;(b) one portable foam applicator unit complying with the requirements of Schedule 6; not less than 2 such applicators shall be available in the ship for use in any such space. 5. Fixed fire extinguishing systems in cargo spaces (1) (a) In every ship of Class I of 1,000 tons or over and in every ship of Class I engaged in the carriage of dangerous goods, there shall be provided a fixed gas fire extinguishing system complying with the requirements of Schedule 10 to protect every cargo space (other than special category spaces and spaces where a fixed pressure water spraying system is fitted in accordance with subregulations (3) and (4)).(b) The Director may exempt any ship (other than a ship engaged in the carriage of dangerous goods) from the requirements of subregulation (1) if he is satisfied that to require compliance therewith would be unreasonable on account of the short duration of the voyages on which the ship is engaged.(2) In every ship of Class I there shall be provided in each special category space a fixed pressure water spraying system complying with the requirements of Schedule 9. The Director may permit in lieu of such a system any other fixed fire extinguishing system provided that it has been shown by full-scale test in conditions simulating a flowing petrol fire in a special category space to be not less effective in controlling fires likely to occur in such a space.(3) In every ship of Class I there shall be provided in each cargo space (other than special category space) intended for the carriage of motor vehicles with fuel in their tanks for their own propulsion a fixed pressure water spraying system complying with the requirements of Schedule 9, or a fixed gas fire extinguishing system complying with the requirements of Schedule 10.(4) In every ship of Class I there shall be provided in each open ro/ro cargo space having a deck over and each space deemed to be a closed ro/ro cargo space not capable of being sealed, a fixed pressure water spraying system complying with Schedule 9. 6. Special requirements for cargo space ventilation (1) In every ship of Class I there shall be provided—(a) in each special category space an effective power ventilation system sufficient to give at least 10 air changes per hour; the Director may require an increased number of air changes when vehicles are being loaded and unloaded;(b) in each cargo space, other than special category spaces, intended for the carriage of motor vehicles with fuel in their tanks for their own propulsion an effective power ventilation system sufficient to give at least 10 air changes per hour for ships carrying more than 36 passengers and 6 air changes per hour for ships carrying not more than 36 passengers.(2) The power ventilation systems referred to in paragraphs (a) and (b) of subregulation (1) shall be entirely separate from other ventilation systems and shall be operated at all times when vehicles are in such spaces. Ventilation ducts serving such spaces capable of being effectively sealed shall be separated for each such space. The system shall be capable of being controlled from a position outside such spaces. In addition—(a) the ventilation shall be such as to prevent air stratification and the formation of air pockets;(b) means shall be provided to indicate on the navigating bridge any loss or reduction of the required ventilating capacity;(c) arrangements shall be provided to permit a rapid shut-down and effective closure of the ventilation system in case of fire, taking into account the weather and sea conditions.(3) In each special category space the electrical equipment shall comply with the provisions of regulation 53(3) of the Merchant Shipping (Safety) (Passenger Ship Construction and Survey) (Ships Built On or After 1 September 1984) Regulations (Cap. 369 sub. leg. AM) and in each cargo space, other than special category space, intended for the carriage of motor vehicles with fuel in their tanks for their own propulsion, the electrical equipment shall comply with the provisions of regulation 53(4) of those regulations. (E.R. 1 of 2022) 7. Machinery spaces of Category A (1) In every ship of Class I there shall be provided for the protection of any machinery space of Category A at least one of the following fixed fire extinguishing systems—(a) a fixed pressure water spraying system complying with the requirements of Schedule 8;(b) a fixed gas fire extinguishing system complying with the requirements of Schedule 10.If the engine and boiler rooms are not entirely separated from each other by a bulkhead or if fuel oil can drain from the boiler room into the engine room, the combined engine and boiler rooms shall, for the purpose of this subregulation, be regarded as a single space.(2) In addition to the requirements of subregulation (1) there shall be provided—(a) in each boiler room one or more foam fire extinguishers each of at least 135 litres capacity or carbon dioxide fire extinguishers each of at least 45 kilograms capacity placed in such positions as to be readily accessible in the event of fire and sufficient in number to enable foam or carbon dioxide to be directed on to any part of the boiler room and spaces containing any part of the oil fuel installation;(b) in each boiler room at least one portable foam applicator unit complying with Schedule 6;(c) in each firing space and in each space which contains any part of any oil fuel installation at least 2 portable fire extinguishers suitable for extinguishing oil fires;(d) in each firing space a receptacle containing at least 0.3 cubic metre of sand or other dry material suitable for extinguishing oil fires together with a scoop for its distribution, or alternatively, an additional portable fire extinguisher suitable for extinguishing oil fires.(3) In addition to the requirements of subregulation (1) there shall be provided in any space containing internal combustion type machinery—(a) one or more foam fire extinguishers of at least 45 litres or carbon dioxide extinguishers of at least 16 kilograms capacity; the extinguishers shall be sited so as to be readily accessible in the event of fire and they shall be sufficient in number to enable foam or carbon dioxide to be directed on to any part of the fuel and lubricating oil pressure systems, gearing and other areas of high fire risk;(b) at least one portable foam applicator unit complying with the requirements of Schedule 6; and (L.N. 410 of 1995)(c) portable fire extinguishers suitable for extinguishing oil fires sufficient in number to ensure that at least one extinguisher is not more than 10 metres walking distance from any position within the space: provided that there shall be not less than 2 such extinguishers. (L.N. 410 of 1995)(d) (Repealed L.N. 410 of 1995)(4) In addition to the requirements of subregulation (1), every passenger ship carrying more than 36 passengers shall be provided with at least 2 suitable water fog applicators in each machinery space of Category A. (L.N. 410 of 1995) 8. Machinery spaces containing steam turbines or enclosed steam engines In every ship of Class I there shall be provided in spaces containing steam turbines or enclosed pressure lubricated steam engines used either for main propulsion, or having in the aggregate a total power of not less than 375 kW for auxiliary purposes—(a) foam fire extinguishers each of at least 45 litres capacity or carbon dioxide fire extinguishers each of at least 16 kilograms capacity sufficient in number to enable foam or carbon dioxide to be directed on to any part of the pressure lubrication system and on to any part of the casings enclosing pressure lubricated parts of the turbine, engines or associated gearing and any other areas of high fire risk; provided that such extinguishers shall not be required if equivalent protection is provided in such spaces by a fixed fire extinguishing system fitted in compliance with regulation 7(1);(b) portable fire extinguishers suitable for extinguishing oil fires sufficient in number to ensure that at least one extinguisher is not more than 10 metres walking distance, from any position within the space; provided that there shall be not less than 2 such extinguishers;(c) in addition, where such spaces are to be periodically unattended, either a fixed pressure water spraying system complying with the requirements of Schedule 8, or a fixed gas fire extinguishing system complying with the requirements of Schedule 10 shall be fitted. 9. Fire extinguishing appliances in other machinery spaces In every ship of Class I where a fire hazard exists in any machinery space for which no specific provisions for fire extinguishing are required by regulation 7 or 8 there shall be provided in or adjacent to that space a sufficient number of portable fire extinguishers to ensure that at least one extinguisher is not more than 10 metres walking distance from any position within that space unless equivalent means of fire extinction are provided. 9A. Paint lockers, etc. In every ship of Class I, every paint locker and flammable liquid locker shall be protected by an approved fire-extinguishing system.(L.N. 410 of 1995) 10. Fire patrol, detection and alarm systems (1) (a) In every ship of Class I an efficient patrol system shall be maintained so that any outbreak of fire may be promptly detected. In special category spaces in which the patrol is not maintained by a continuous fire watch at all times during the voyage there shall be provided in that space a fixed fire detection and fire alarm system complying with Schedule 11. (L.N. 410 of 1995)(b) In every ship of Class I manually operated call points complying with the requirements of Schedule 11 shall be fitted throughout the accommodation, service and special category spaces which will enable the fire patrol to give an alarm immediately to the navigating bridge or fire control station. Such a manually operated call point shall be positioned adjacent to each exit from every special category space.(c) Each member of the fire patrol shall be trained to be familiar with the arrangements of the ship as well as the location and operation of any equipment he may be called upon to use.(2) In every ship of Class I there shall be provided in any part of the ship which is not reasonably accessible to the fire patrol and in each cargo space (other than special category spaces) containing motor vehicles with fuel in their tanks for their own propulsion a fixed fire detection and fire alarm system of an approved type complying with Schedule 11 or a sample extraction smoke detection system complying with the requirements of Schedule 12.(3) In every ship of Class I, in any machinery space where the main propulsion and associated machinery including sources of main electrical supply are provided with automatic or remote control which are under continuous manned supervision from a control room, there shall be provided a fixed fire detection and fire alarm system of an approved type complying with Schedule 11.(4) The Director may exempt any ship from the requirement in subregulation (2) to provide a fixed fire alarm and fire detection system or a sample extraction smoke detection system in any part of the ship which is not accessible to the fire patrol, if he is satisfied that to require compliance therewith would be unreasonable on account of the short duration of the voyages on which the ship is engaged.(5) Every ship of Class I shall at all times when at sea, or in port (except when out of service) be so manned and equipped as to ensure that any initial fire alarm is immediately received by a responsible member of the crew.(6) In every ship of Class I a special alarm, operated from the navigating bridge or fire control station, shall be fitted to summon the crew. This alarm may be part of the ship’s general alarm system but it shall be capable of being sounded independently of the alarm to the passenger spaces.(7) In every ship of Class I a public address system or other effective means of communication shall be available throughout the accommodation and service spaces and control stations.(8) In every ship of Class I, other than a post October 1994 ship, carrying more than 36 passengers—(a) each member of the fire patrol shall be provided with a two-way portable radiotelephone apparatus;(b) a general emergency alarm system shall be provided not later than 1 October 1997. The alarm shall be audible throughout all the accommodation and normal crew working spaces and open decks, and its sound pressure level shall comply with the standard developed by the International Maritime Organization*. The alarm shall continue to function after it has been triggered until it is manually turned off or is temporarily interrupted by a message on the public address system; and (c) the public address system mentioned in subregulation (7) shall also be available throughout open decks not later than 1 October 1997. (L.N.

410 of 1995)(9) In every post October 1994 ship of Class I—(a) each member of the fire patrol shall be provided with a two-way portable radiotelephone apparatus;(b) the public address system mentioned in subregulation (7) shall also be available throughout open decks;(c) where the ship carries more than 36 passengers, the detection alarms for the systems required by regulation 86 shall be centralised in a continuously manned central control station. In addition, controls for remote closing of the fire doors and shutting down the ventilation fans, shall be centralised in the same location. The ventilation fans shall be capable of reactivation by the crew at the continuously manned control station. The control panels in the central control station shall be capable of indicating open or closed positions of fire doors, closed or off status of the detectors, alarms and fans. The control panel shall be continuously powered and shall have an automatic change-over to standby power supply in case of loss of normal power supply. The control panel shall be powered from the main source of electrical power and the emergency source of electrical power as defined by regulation 46 of the Merchant Shipping (Safety) (Passenger Ship Construction and Survey) (Ships Built On or After 1 September 1984) Regulations (Cap. 369 sub. leg. AM) unless other arrangements are permitted by those regulations, as applicable; and (E.R. 1 of 2022)(d) the control panel mentioned in paragraph (c) shall be designed on the fail safe principle, e.g. an open detector circuit shall cause an alarm condition, as noted in paragraph (1)(b) and (c) of Schedule 11. (L.N. 410 of 1995)(10) In every post January 1994 ship of Class I, where a public space spans 3 or more decks by means of permanent openings and contains combustibles (such as furniture) and enclosed spaces (such as shops, offices and restaurants), the entire main vertical zone containing that space shall be protected throughout with a smoke detection system complying with the requirements (other than paragraph (1)(i)) of Schedule 11. (L.N. 410 of 1995) * This refers to the Code on Alarms and Indicators (《警報及顯示器規則》) adopted by the International Maritime Organization by Resolution A.686(17). 11. Firemen’s outfits (1) Every ship of Class I shall be provided with—(a) 2 firemen’s outfits and, in addition,(b) (i) 2 firemen’s outfits for every 80 metres (or part thereof) of the aggregate of the lengths of all passenger spaces and service spaces on the deck which carries such spaces or, if there is more than one such deck, on the deck which has the largest aggregate of such lengths;(ii) every such outfit shall comply with the requirements of regulation 69; 2 such outfits shall include breathing apparatus of the air-hose type and the remainder shall include breathing apparatus of the self-contained type provided that where the air-hose of an air-hose type breathing apparatus has, in order to comply with paragraph (1) of Schedule 5, to exceed 36 metres in length a self-contained breathing apparatus shall be provided either in addition to or as a substitute for that air-hose type breathing apparatus; and (L.N. 410 of 1995)(iii) in ships carrying more than 36 passengers—subject to subregulation (1A), 2 additional firemen’s outfits shall be provided for in each main vertical fire zone. (L.N. 410 of 1995; L.N. 254 of 2018)(1A) Subregulation (1)(b)(iii) does not apply in relation to—(a) the stairway enclosures of a post-1998 ship that constitute individual main vertical zones; or(b) the main vertical zones in the fore or aft end of the ship that do not contain a space classified in regulation 78(3)(b) as Category (6), (7), (8) or (12). (L.N. 254 of 2018)(2) Two such firemen’s outfits shall be available at any one storage position. At least 2 firemen’s outfits shall be stored in each main vertical zone. (L.N. 410 of 1995)(3) In every ship of Class I carrying more than 36 passengers for each pair of breathing apparatus there shall be provided one water fog applicator which shall be stored adjacent to such apparatus. 12. International shore connection Every ship of Class I of 500 tons or over shall be provided with at least one international shore connection which shall comply with the requirements of Schedule 1 to enable water to be supplied from another ship or from the shore to the fire main. Fixed provision shall be made to enable such a connection to be used on the port side and on the starboard side of the ship.Ships of Class II 13. Application Regulations 3 to 12 inclusive shall apply to ships of Class II as they apply to ships of Class I. Ships of Class II(A) of 21.34 Metres in Length or over 14. Application Regulations 3 to 12 inclusive shall apply to ships of Class IIA of 21.34 metres in length or over as they apply to ships of Class I.Ships of Class II(A) of less than 21.34 Metres in Length 15. Fire pumps, fire main, water service pipes, hydrants, hoses and nozzles Every ship of Class II(A) of less than 21.34 metres in length shall be provided in a position outside the machinery spaces with either a power or hand operated pump with a permanent sea connection and a hose with a 10-millimetre diameter dual-purpose nozzle capable of producing a jet of water having a throw of not less than 6 metres which can be directed on to any part of the ship.(L.N. 410 of 1995; E.R. 1 of 2022) 16. Portable fire extinguishers Every ship of Class II(A) of less than 21.34 metres in length shall be provided with at least one portable fire extinguisher in each of the passenger spaces above the bulkhead deck, and with at least 2 such extinguishers in each of the crew spaces and in each of the passenger spaces below that deck. At least one portable fire extinguisher shall be available for use in any galley. 17. Machinery spaces of Category A and spaces containing oil fuel settling tanks (1) In every ship of Class II(A) of less than 21.34 metres in length there shall be provided in any space containing any oil-fired boiler, oil fuel settling tank or oil fuel unit, one or more foam fire extinguishers each of at least 45 litres capacity or carbon dioxide extinguishers each of at least 16 kilograms capacity. The extinguisher, or extinguishers, shall be sited so as to be readily accessible in the event of a fire and they shall be sufficient in number to enable foam or carbon dioxide to be directed on to any part of the boiler room or space containing any part of the oil fuel installation. In addition there shall be provided—(a) in each firing space and in each space which contains any part of any oil fuel installation at least 2 portable fire extinguishers suitable for extinguishing oil fires;(b) in each firing space a receptacle containing at least 0.3 cubic metre of sand or other dry material suitable for extinguishing oil fires together with a scoop for its distribution, or alternatively, an additional portable fire extinguisher suitable for extinguishing oil fires; and(c) in each boiler room not being part of an internal combustion machinery space—(i) at least 2 water fog applicators;(ii) at least one set of portable foam applicator unit complying with the provisions of Schedule 6; and(iii) a fixed fire-extinguishing system complying with the requirements of regulation 7(1) by 1 October 2000. (L.N. 410 of 1995)(2) (a) In every ship of Class II(A) of 15.24 metres in length or over but of less than 21.34 metres in length there shall be provided in each space containing internal combustion type propulsion machinery at least 5 portable fire extinguishers suitable for extinguishing oil fires, and every ship of Class II(A) of less than 15.24 metres in length shall be provided with at least 3 such portable fire extinguishers in such spaces; provided that where internal combustion machinery is situated in a space to which subregulation (1) applies, only 2 such portable fire extinguishers need be provided in addition to the extinguishers required by that subregulation.(b) In each Category A machinery space containing internal combustion type machinery, there shall be provided in addition to the requirements of paragraph (a)—(i) at least 2 water fog applicators;(ii) at least one set of portable foam applicator unit complying with the provisions of Schedule 6; and(iii) a fixed fire-extinguishing system complying with the requirements of regulation 7(1) by 1 October 2000. (L.N. 410 of 1995)(3) In every ship of Class II(A) carrying more than 36 passengers, each member of the fire patrol shall be provided with a two-way portable radiotelephone apparatus. (L.N. 410 of 1995)(L.N. 410 of 1995) 18. No provision. 19. No provision. 20. No provision. 21. No provision. 22. No provision. 23. No provision. 24. No provision. 25. No provision. 26. No provision. 27. No provision. 28. No provision. Part III Fire Prevention and Fire Appliances: Ships other than Passenger Ships and Tankers Ships of Class VII of 500 Tons or over 29. Fire pumps, fire mains, water service pipes, hydrants, hoses and nozzles (1) Every ship of Class VII of 500 tons or over shall be provided with appliances in accordance with this regulation whereby at least 2 jets of water as required by these regulations can reach any part of the ship normally accessible to the passengers or crew while the ship is being navigated, and any store room and any part of any cargo space when empty.(2) (a) Every ship of Class VII of 1,000 tons or over shall be provided with at least 2 fire pumps operated by power. Each such pump shall be capable of delivering at least one jet of water simultaneously from each of any 2 fire hydrants, hoses and nozzles provided in the ship and shall comply with the requirements of regulation 60.(b) Every ship of Class VII of 500 tons or over but under 1,000 tons shall be provided with at least one fire pump operated by power, which shall be capable of delivering at least one jet of water simultaneously from each of any 2 fire hydrants, hoses and nozzles provided in the ship and shall comply with the requirements of regulation 60, provided that the capacity of the fire pump shall not be less than 25 cubic metres per hour.(c) In every ship of Class VII of 500 tons or over, in addition to the fire pumps required by this regulation one of the other pumps fitted in the machinery space such as the general service, bilge and ballast pump shall be capable of providing water to the fire main at the capacity and pressure of the fire pumps.(3) (a) If, in any ship of Class VII of 500 tons or over, a fire in any one compartment could put all the fire pumps out of action there shall be provided, in a position outside the machinery spaces, an independently driven power operated emergency fire pump and its source of power and sea connection.(b) In every ship of Class VII of 2,000 tons or over the emergency fire pump shall—(i) be capable of delivering at least 1 jet of water simultaneously from each of any 2 hydrants and hoses through nozzles which shall comply with regulation 62(4)(b); and(ii) meet the requirements of regulation 60(10). (L.N. 410 of 1995)(c) In every ship of Class VII of 500 tons or over but under 2,000 tons, the emergency fire pump shall be capable of delivering at least one jet of water simultaneously from each of any 2 hydrants and hoses through nozzles which shall comply with regulation 62(4)(b) whilst maintaining a pressure of at least 2.1 bar at any hydrant in the ship, provided that for such ships of 1,000 tons or over, the pressure at any hydrant shall not be less than 2.5 bar.(4) (a) In every ship of Class VII of 500 tons or over there shall be provided a fire main, water service pipes, hydrants, hoses and nozzles which shall comply with the requirements of regulations 61 and 62.(b) (i) Every such ship of 1,000 tons or over shall, in addition to any fire hoses provided in the machinery spaces, be provided with at least one fire hose for each 30 metres (or part thereof) length of the ship but in no case less than 5 hoses and such hoses shall have a total length of at least 60% of the length of the ship. In addition to such hoses there shall be provided one spare fire hose.(ii) In every such ship of 500 tons or over there shall be provided in ro/ro cargo spaces at least 3 water fog applicators in addition to the nozzles required by these regulations.(iii) In every such ship of 500 tons or over in every ro/ro cargo space the number of hydrants with hoses shall be so arranged that at least 2 jets of water each from a single length of hose not emanating from the same hydrant may reach any part of the space. Such hydrants shall be positioned near the accesses to the protected space.(iv) Every such ship of 500 tons or over but under 1,000 tons shall, in addition to any fire hoses provided in the machinery spaces, be provided with at least 2 fire hoses having a total length of at least 60% of the length of the ship and one spare fire hose.(c) In every such ship of 500 tons or over fitted with oil-fired boilers or internal combustion type propelling machinery, there shall be provided in each space containing such boilers or machinery at least 2 fire hydrants, one on the port side and one on the starboard side, and in addition where there is access to the machinery space of any such ship by way of a shaft tunnel, a fire hydrant shall be provided in the tunnel at the end adjacent to that space. A fire hose and nozzle shall be provided at every such fire hydrant. 30. Portable fire extinguishers (1) Every ship of Class VII of 500 tons or over shall be provided with a sufficient number of portable fire extinguishers to ensure that at least one such extinguisher will be readily available for use in any part of the accommodation spaces, service spaces and control stations. The number of such extinguishers shall not be less than 5 in a ship of 1,000 tons or over and not less than 3 in a ship of 500 tons or over but under 1,000 tons.(2) In every such ship there shall be provided in each ro/ro cargo space intended for the carriage of motor vehicles with fuel in their tanks for their own propulsion—(a) at least 2 portable extinguishers suitable for extinguishing oil fires for every 40 metres length of deck space so arranged that at least one extinguisher is available on each side of the space and at least one extinguisher is available at each access to the space; and(b) one foam applicator unit complying with the requirements of Schedule 6. Not less than 2 such applicators shall be available in the ship for use in any such space. 31. Fixed fire extinguishing arrangements in cargo spaces (1) In every ship of Class VII engaged in the carriage of dangerous goods referred to in regulation 53.1.2 of specified Chapter II-2, there shall be provided— (L.N. 254 of 2018)(a) a fixed gas fire extinguishing system complying with the requirements of Schedule 10 for every cargo space (other than ro/ro cargo spaces not capable of being sealed); and(b) a fixed pressure water spraying system complying with the requirements of Schedule 9 for every ro/ro cargo space not capable of being sealed.(2) (a) In every ship of Class VII of 2,000 tons or over other than ships to which subregulation (1) applies, there shall be provided a fixed gas fire extinguishing system complying with the requirements of Schedule 10 for every cargo space.(b) The Director may exempt a pre-1998 ship from the requirements of subregulation (2)(a) if— (L.N. 254 of 2018)(i) the ship is constructed and solely intended for the carriage of ore, coal, grain, unseasoned timber or non-combustible cargoes or cargoes which, in the opinion of the Director, constitute a low fire risk; and(ii) the ship is fitted with steel hatch covers and effective means of closing all ventilators and other openings leading to the cargo spaces.(3) In every ship of Class VII of 500 tons or over there shall be provided for every ro/ro cargo space capable of being sealed and for every cargo space (other than a ro-ro cargo space) intended for the carriage of motor vehicles with fuel in their tanks for their own propulsion a fixed pressure water spraying system complying with Schedule 9, or a fixed gas fire extinguishing system complying with Schedule 10.(4) In every ship of Class VII of 500 tons or over there shall be provided for every ro/ro cargo space not capable of being sealed a fixed pressure water spraying system complying with Schedule 9. 32. Special requirements for cargo space ventilation (1) In every ship of Class VII of 500 tons or over there shall be provided in each closed ro/ro cargo space and each cargo space intended for the carriage of motor vehicles with fuel in their tanks for their own propulsion an effective power ventilation system to provide at least 6 air changes per hour based on an empty hold. Ventilation fans shall where practicable be run continuously whenever vehicles are on board. Where this is impracticable, they shall be operated for a limited period daily as weather permits and in any case for a reasonable period prior to discharge, after which period such spaces shall be proved gas free. One or more portable combustible gas detecting instruments shall be carried for this purpose. The system shall be entirely separate from other ventilating systems. Ventilation ducts serving such spaces capable of being effectively sealed shall be separated for each cargo space. The Director may require an increased number of air changes when vehicles are being loaded or unloaded. The system shall be capable of being controlled from a position outside such spaces. In addition—(a) the ventilation shall be so arranged as to prevent air stratification and the formation of air pockets;(b) means shall be provided to indicate any loss of the required ventilating capacity on the navigating bridge;(c) arrangements shall be provided to permit a rapid shut-down and effective closure of the ventilating system in case of fire, taking into account the weather and sea conditions.(2) In every ship of Class VII of 500 tons or over in each closed ro/ro cargo space carrying motor vehicles with fuel in their tanks for their own propulsion and each cargo space intended for the carriage of motor vehicles with fuel in their tanks for their own propulsion, the electrical equipment of such spaces shall comply with the provisions of regulation 50(1) to (4) inclusive of the Merchant Shipping (Safety) (Cargo Ship Construction and Survey) (Ships Built On or After 1 September 1984) Regulations (Cap. 369 sub. leg. S). (E.R. 1 of 2022)(3) All ventilation openings of a post-1998 ship must comply with the safety requirements specified in regulation 53.2.5 of specified Chapter II-2. (L.N. 254 of 2018) 33. Machinery spaces of Category A (1) In every ship of Class VII of 500 tons or over there shall be provided for the protection of any machinery space of Category A at least one of the following fire extinguishing installations—(a) a fixed pressure water spraying system complying with the requirements of Schedule 8;(b) a fixed gas fire extinguishing system complying with the requirements of Schedule 10.If the engine and boiler rooms are not entirely separated from each other by a bulkhead, or if fuel oil can drain from the boiler room into the engine room, the combined engine and boiler rooms shall for the purpose of this subregulation be regarded as a single space.(2) In addition to the requirements of subregulation (1) there shall be provided—(a) in each boiler room one or more foam fire extinguishers each of at least 135 litres capacity or carbon dioxide fire extinguishers each of at least 45 kilograms capacity. The extinguishers shall be sited so as to be readily accessible in the event of fire and they shall be sufficient in number to enable foam or carbon dioxide to be directed on to any part of the boiler room and spaces containing any part of the oil fuel installation;(b) in each boiler room at least one portable foam applicator unit complying with the requirements of Schedule 6;(c) in each firing space and in each space which contains any part of any oil fuel installation, at least 2 portable fire extinguishers suitable for extinguishing oil fires, in addition to any which may be carried in compliance with paragraph (b);(d) in each firing space a receptacle containing 0.3 cubic metre of sand or other dry material suitable for extinguishing oil fires, together with a scoop for its distribution, or alternatively, an additional portable fire extinguisher suitable for extinguishing oil fires.(3) In addition to the requirements of subregulation (1) there shall be provided in any such spaces containing internal combustion type machinery—(a) one or more foam fire extinguishers each of at least 45 litres capacity or carbon dioxide fire extinguishers of at least 16 kilograms capacity sufficient in number to enable foam or carbon dioxide to be directed on to any part of the fuel and lubricating oil pressure systems, gearing and other areas of high fire risk;(b) at least one portable foam applicator unit complying with the requirements of Schedule 6;(c) portable fire extinguishers suitable for extinguishing oil fires sufficient in number to ensure that at least one extinguisher is not more than 10 metres walking distance from any position within the space; provided that there shall be not less than 2 extinguishers. 34. Machinery spaces containing steam turbines or enclosed steam engines In every ship of Class VII of 500 tons or over there shall be provided in spaces containing steam turbines or enclosed pressure lubricated steam engines used either for main propulsion, or having in the aggregate power of not less than 375 kilowatts for auxiliary purposes—(a) foam fire extinguishers each of at least 45 litres capacity or carbon dioxide fire extinguishers each of at least 16 kilograms capacity sufficient in number to enable foam or carbon dioxide to be directed on to any part of the pressure lubrication system and on to any part of the casings enclosing pressure lubricated parts of the turbines, engines or associated gearing and any other areas of high fire risk; provided that such extinguishers shall not be required if equivalent protection is provided in such spaces by a fixed fire extinguishing system fitted in compliance with regulation 33(1);(b) portable fire extinguishers suitable for extinguishing oil fires sufficient in number to ensure that at least one extinguisher is not more than 10 metres walking distance from any position within the space: provided that there shall be not less than 2 extinguishers; and(c) where such spaces are to be periodically unattended there shall be provided additionally either a fixed pressure water spraying system complying with the requirements of Schedule 8 or a fixed gas fire extinguishing system complying with the requirements of Schedule 10. 35. Fire extinguishing appliances in other machinery spaces Where a fire hazard exists in any machinery space for which no specific provisions for fire extinguishing are made in regulations 33 and 34 there shall be provided in, or adjacent to that space sufficient number of portable fire extinguishers to ensure that at least one extinguisher is not more than 10 metres walking distance from any position within that space unless equivalent means of fire extinction are provided. 35A. Paint lockers, etc. In every ship of Class VII of 500 tons or over, every paint locker and flammable liquid locker shall be protected by an approved fire-extinguishing system.(L.N. 410 of 1995) 36. Fire detection and fire alarm systems and sample extraction smoke detection systems (1) Every ship of Class VII of 500 tons or over shall be provided with a fixed fire detection and fire alarm system of an approved type complying with the requirements of Schedule 11 in any machinery space where—(a) the installation of automatic and remote control systems and equipment has been approved in lieu of continuous manning of the space; or(b) the main propulsion and associated machinery including sources of main electrical supply are provided with some automatic or remote control and are under continuous manned supervision from a control room.(2) In every ship of Class VII of 500 tons or over there shall be provided in each ro/ro cargo space a fixed fire detection and fire alarm system of an approved type complying with Schedule 11.(3) In every ship of Class VII of 500 tons or over there shall be provided in each cargo space (other than ro/ro cargo spaces) intended for the carriage of motor vehicles with fuel in their tanks for their own propulsion either a fixed fire detection and fire alarm system of an approved type complying with Schedule 11 or a sample extraction smoke detection system complying with Schedule 12. 37. Firemen’s outfits (1) Every ship of Class VII of 500 tons or over shall carry firemen’s outfits which shall comply with the requirements of regulation 69 in accordance with the following scale— Tonnage of the ship Number of outfits 500 but under 2,500 2 2,500 but under 4,000 3 4,000 and over 4 (2) One such outfit carried in any such ship shall include a breathing apparatus of the air-hose type and the remainder shall include breathing apparatus of the self-contained type provided that where the air-hose of an air-hose type breathing apparatus has, in order to comply with paragraph (1) of Schedule 5 to exceed 36 metres in length a self-contained breathing apparatus shall be provided either in addition to or as a substitute for that air-hose breathing apparatus. 38. International shore connection Every ship of Class VII of 500 tons or over shall be provided with at least one international shore connection which shall comply with the requirements of Schedule 1 to enable water to be supplied from another ship or from the shore, to the fire main. Fixed provision shall be made to enable such a connection to be used on the port side and on the starboard side of the ship.Ships of Class VII of under 500 Tons 39. Application (1) This regulation applies to ships of Class VII of under 500 tons.(2) (a) Every such ship shall be provided with appliances in accordance with this regulation whereby at least one jet of water as required by these regulations can reach any part of the ship normally accessible to the passengers or crew while the ship is being navigated, and any store room and any part of any cargo space when empty.(b) Every such ship shall be provided with at least one fire pump operated by power which shall be capable of delivering at least one jet of water from any fire hydrant hose and nozzle provided in the ship, and which shall comply with the requirements of regulation 60.(c) In every such ship fitted with oil-fired boilers or internal combustion type propulsion machinery there shall be provided in a position outside the spaces containing such boilers or machinery an additional fire pump and its source of power and sea connection. If such a pump is operated by power it shall comply with the requirements of paragraph (b) and if it is manually operated it shall be provided with a hose and a 10-millimetre diameter nozzle through which it shall be capable of producing a jet of water having a throw of not less than 6 metres which can be directed on to any part of the ship. (E.R. 1 of 2022)(d) In every such ship there shall be provided a fire main, water service pipes and hydrants which shall comply with the requirements of regulation 61 and at least 3 fire hoses and nozzles which shall comply with regulation 62.(3) Every such ship shall be provided with at least 3 portable fire extinguishers so situated as to be readily available for use in the accommodation and service spaces.(4) In every ship to which this regulation applies there shall be provided for the protection of any space containing any oil-fired boiler, oil fuel settling tank or oil-fuel unit, at least one of the fire extinguishing systems referred to in regulation 33(1).(5) In addition to the requirements of subregulation (4) there shall be provided—(a) in each boiler room and in each space which contains any part of any oil fuel installation, at least 2 portable fire extinguishers suitable for extinguishing oil fires;(b) in each firing space, a receptacle containing at least 0.3 cubic metre of sand or other dry material suitable for extinguishing oil fires together with a scoop for its distribution, or alternatively, an additional portable fire extinguisher suitable for extinguishing oil fires.(6) In every ship to which this regulation applies there shall be provided in any space containing internal combustion type machinery either—(a) one portable fire extinguisher suitable for extinguishing oil fires for each 74.6 kilowatts or part thereof of such machinery provided that no more than 7 such extinguishers shall be required in any one space; or(b) 2 portable extinguishers suitable for extinguishing oil fires together with either—(i) one foam fire extinguisher of at least 45 litres capacity; or(ii) one carbon dioxide fire extinguisher of at least 16 kilograms capacity.(7) Every ship to which this regulation applies shall be provided with at least one fireman’s outfit which shall comply with the requirements of regulation 69 and which shall contain a breathing apparatus of the air-hose type.Ships of Class VII(A) 40. Application (1) Regulations 29 to 38 inclusive shall apply to every ship of Class VII(A) of 500 tons or over as they apply to ships of Class VII of 500 tons or over. (2) Every ship of Class VII(A) of less than 500 tons shall carry the fire appliances which are required to be carried by a ship of Class VII of under 500 tons.Ships of Class VIIIShips of 500 Tons or over 41. Application Regulations 29 to 38 inclusive shall apply to ships of Class VIII of 500 tons or over as they apply to ships of Class VII of 500 tons or over.Ships of 150 Tons or over but under 500 Tons 42. Application Regulation 39 shall apply to ships of Class VIII of 150 tons or over but under 500 tons as it applies to ships of Class VII of under 500 tons.Ships of under 150 Tons 43. Application (1) This regulation applies to ships of Class VII of under 150 tons.(2) (a) Regulation 39(2) shall apply to every ship to which this regulation applies of 21.34 metres in length or over, as it applies to ships of Class VII of under 500 tons except that the fire pump required by regulation 39(2)(b) may be driven by the main engine.(b) Every ship to which this regulation applies of less than 21.34 metres in length shall be provided in a position outside the machinery spaces with either a power or a hand operated pump with a permanent sea connection, a hose with a 10-millimetre diameter nozzle capable of producing a jet of water having a throw of not less than 6 metres which can be directed on to any part of the ship, and in addition a spray nozzle suitable for use with the hose, provided that in any ship of less than 9 metres in length or in any open ship of less than 21.34 metres in length, 2 fire buckets one of which shall be fitted with a lanyard may be substituted for such equipment but such buckets shall not be required in addition to buckets provided in compliance with subregulation (3). (E.R. 1 of 2022)(3) Every ship to which this regulation applies shall be provided with portable fire extinguishers or with fire buckets in accordance with the following table— (E.R. 1 of 2022) Length of ship Minimum number ofextinguishers or buckets Under 21.34 metres 2 21.34 metres or over 3 When fire buckets are provided, at least one shall be fitted with a lanyard. (4) In addition to the requirements of subregulation (3) every ship to which this regulation applies which is fitted with oil-fired boilers or internal combustion type propulsion machinery shall be provided with portable fire extinguishers suitable for extinguishing oil fires in accordance with the following table— (E.R. 1 of 2022) Length of ship Minimum number ofextinguishers Under 6 metres 1 6 metres or over 2 (5) Every ship to which this regulation applies of 9 metres in length or over which is fitted with oil-fired boilers or internal combustion type propulsion machinery shall, if it is mainly or wholly constructed of wood and is decked in way of the machinery space, be provided with means outside the machinery space for rapidly injecting into the machinery space a quantity of fire smothering gas equivalent to at least 60% of the gross volume of that space, or where the machinery space is bounded by steel bulkheads, equivalent to at least 40% of the gross volume of the space; provided that in any ship to which this regulation applies of less than 21.34 metres in length, there may be substituted a water spraying system supplied from a hand pump and a permanent sea connection situated outside the machinery space which may be the hand pump and the sea connection referred to in subregulation (2)(b). Such pump shall be connected by fixed piping to a sufficient number of water spraying nozzles suitably sited in the machinery space and capable of extinguishing oil fires.(6) Every ship to which this regulation applies being a fully-decked ship of 21.34 metres in length or over shall be provided with a fireman’s axe.Ships of Classes VIII(A), IX and IX(A) 44. Application (1) Regulations 41 to 43 inclusive shall apply to ships of classes VIII(A), IX and IX(A) as they apply to ships of Class VIII.(2) The Director may exempt any ship of Classes VIII(A) and IX(A) and any ship of Class IX which is under 500 tons or which is not engaged on an international voyage from any of the requirements of these regulations. 45. No provision. Ships of Class XI 46. Application (1) Regulations 41 to 43 inclusive shall apply to ships of Class XI as they apply to ships of Class VIII.(2) The Director may exempt any ship of Class XI from any of the requirements of these regulations. 47. No provision. Part IV Fire Prevention and Fire Appliances: Tankers Tankers of Class VII(T) of 500 Tons or over 48. General requirements Regulations 29 and 30(1), regulations 33 to 36(1) inclusive and regulation 38 shall apply to every tanker of Class VII(T) of 500 tons or over as they apply to ships of Class VII of 500 tons or over. 49. Cargo tank protection (1) Every tanker of Class VII(T) of 500 tons or over shall be provided with a fixed deck foam system complying with the requirements of Schedule 13 except that this requirement shall not apply to chemical tankers or gas carriers. For these vessels alternative arrangements shall be provided to the satisfaction of the Director. (L.N. 410 of 1995)(2) Subject to subregulation (2A), every tanker of Class VII(T) of 20,000 tonnes deadweight or over constructed or adapted and used to carry crude oil and petroleum products having a closed flash point not exceeding 60oC the Reid vapour pressure of which is below that of atmospheric pressure, and other liquids having a similar fire hazard, shall be provided with an inert gas system complying with the requirements of Schedule 14. (L.N. 410 of 1995)(2A) A tanker referred to in subregulation (2) need not be provided with an inert gas system complying with the requirements of Schedule 14 if—(a) being a chemical tanker carrying as cargo any substance mentioned in subregulation (2), it is provided with an inert gas system complying with the requirements of Schedule 15;(b) being a chemical tanker constructed before 1 July 1986 and carrying crude oil or petroleum products, it is provided with an inert gas system complying with the requirements of Schedule 16;(c) being a gas carrier carrying as cargo a substance mentioned in subregulation (2), it is provided with cargo tank inerting arrangements equivalent to those specified in paragraph (a) or (b);(d) being a chemical tanker or gas carrier constructed before 1 July 1986, it is carrying a flammable cargo other than crude oil or petroleum products;(e) being a chemical tanker or gas carrier constructed on or after 1 July 1986 and carrying a flammable cargo other than crude oil or petroleum products, it complies with the following requirements, that is to say—(i) that the capacity of each tank used for the carriage of that cargo does not exceed 3,000 cubic metres;(ii) that the capacity of each nozzle of a tank washing machine does not exceed 17.5 cubic metres per hour; and(iii) that the total combined throughout from all such machines in use in a cargo tank at any time does not exceed 110 cubic metres per hour.In paragraphs (d) and (e), the references to a flammable cargo other than crude oil or petroleum products include (without prejudice to the generality of those references) references to any of the cargoes listed in Chapters VI and VII of the Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk or Chapters 17 and 18 of the International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk. (L.N. 410 of 1995)(3) (a) Every inert gas system provided in accordance with this regulation shall be designed, constructed and tested to the satisfaction of the Director. It shall be designed and operated so as to render and keep the atmosphere of the cargo tanks including the slop tanks non-flammable at all times, except where such tanks are to be gas free.(b) In the event that the inert gas system is unable to meet the operational requirement set out above and it has been assessed that it is impractical to effect a repair, then cargo discharge, deballasting and necessary tank cleaning may only be resumed when the “emergency procedures” laid down in the Guidelines for Inert Gas Systems are complied with. (E.R. 1 of 2022)(4) Combination carriers shall not carry solid cargoes unless all cargo tanks are empty of crude oil and other petroleum products having a closed flash point not exceeding 60oC and other liquids having a similar fire hazard and are gas freed or unless the arrangements provided in each case are to the satisfaction of the Director and in accordance with the relevant operational requirements contained in the Guidelines for Inert Gas Systems. (E.R. 1 of 2022)(5) (a) Every tanker of Class VII(T) of less than 20,000 tonnes deadweight operating with a tank cleaning procedure using crude oil washing, shall be fitted with an inert gas system complying with Schedule 14.(b) Every tanker of Class VII(T) operating with a tank cleaning procedure using crude oil washing shall be provided with fixed tank washing machines only.(6) Every tanker of Class VII(T) fitted with a fixed inert gas system shall be provided with a closed ullage system.(7) (a) Other fixed fire extinguishing systems may be provided in place of those required by the foregoing provisions of the regulations, if each system is deemed to be equivalent to the said systems in the manner set out in paragraphs (b) and (c).(b) A system provided in place of the inert gas system referred to in these regulations shall be deemed to be equivalent to that system for the purpose of these regulations if it is—(i) capable of preventing dangerous accumulation of explosive mixtures in intact cargo tanks during normal service throughout the ballast voyage and necessary in-tank operation; and(ii) so designed as to minimize the risk of ignition from the generation of static electricity by the system itself.(c) An installation provided in place of the fixed deck foam system referred to in these regulations shall be deemed to be equivalent to that system for the purpose of these regulations if it is—(i) capable of extinguishing spill fires and precludes ignition of spilled oil not yet ignited; and(ii) capable of combating fires in ruptured tanks.(8) Where a liquid cargo (other than one of those referred to in subregulation (2)) which presents particular fire hazards is intended to be carried a means or system of fire extinguishing appropriate to the cargo to be carried shall be provided to the satisfaction of the Director.(9) A tanker of Class VII(T) of 500 tons or over must comply with the requirements specified in regulation 59.5 of specified Chapter II-2 on the provision of instruments for measuring flammable vapour concentrations. (L.N. 254 of 2018) 50. Cargo tank purging and/or gas freeing (1) In every tanker of Class VII(T) of 500 tons or over arrangements for purging and/or gas freeing shall be such as to minimize the hazards due to the dispersal of flammable vapours in the atmosphere and to the flammable mixtures in a cargo tank.(2) When the ship is provided with an inert gas system the cargo tanks shall first be purged—(a) in accordance with the provision of paragraph (13) of Schedule 14; or(b) if the ship does not need to be provided with an inert gas system complying with the requirements of that Schedule but is a ship mentioned in regulation 49(2A)(a), (b) or (c), in accordance with the provisions of paragraph (12) of Schedule 15 or, as the case may be, paragraph (12) of Schedule 16,until the concentration of hydro-carbon vapours in the cargo tanks has been reduced to less than 2% by volume. Thereafter, gas freeing may take place at the cargo tank deck level. (L.N. 410 of 1995)(3) When the ship is not provided with an inert gas system, the operation shall be such that the flammable vapour is discharged—(a) through the vent outlets as specified in regulation 12 of the Merchant Shipping (Safety) (Cargo Ship Construction and Survey) (Ships Built On or After 1 September 1984) Regulations (Cap. 369 sub. leg. S); or (E.R. 1 of 2022)(b) if the ship is a post 1992 ship, through outlets at least 2 metres above the cargo tank deck level with a vertical efflux velocity of at least 30 metres per second during the gas freeing operation; or(c) through outlets at least 2 metres above the cargo tank deck level with a vertical efflux velocity of at least 20 metres per second and through devices (other than flame screens) complying with Schedule 1 to those regulations so as to prevent the passage of flame into the cargo tanks,until the flammable vapour concentration in the outlet has been reduced to 30% of the lower flammable limit. Thereafter, gas freeing may be continued at the cargo tank deck level. (L.N. 410 of 1995) 50A. Inerting, ventilation and gas measurement (1) This regulation shall apply to oil tankers which are post October 1994 ships.(2) Double hull and double bottom spaces shall be fitted with suitable connections for the supply of air.(3) On tankers required to be fitted with inert gas systems—(a) double hull spaces shall be fitted with suitable connections for the supply of inert gas;(b) where such spaces are connected to a permanently fitted inert gas distribution system, means shall be provided to prevent hydrocarbon gases from the cargo tanks entering the double hull spaces through the system;(c) where such spaces are not permanently connected to an inert gas distribution system, appropriate means shall be provided to allow connection to the inert gas main;(d) suitable portable instruments for measuring oxygen and flammable vapour concentration shall be provided. In selecting these instruments, due attention shall be given for their use in combination with the fixed gas sampling line systems referred to in paragraph (e);(e) where atmosphere in double hull spaces cannot be reliably measured using flexible gas sampling hoses, such spaces shall be fitted with permanent gas sampling lines. The configuration of such line systems shall be adapted to the design of such spaces;(f) the materials of construction and the dimensions of gas sampling lines shall be such as to prevent restriction. Where plastic materials are used, they should be electrically conductive.(L.N. 410 of 1995) 51. Cargo pump rooms (1) Except as otherwise provided in subregulation (2), in every tanker of Class VII(T) of 500 tons or over, each cargo pump room and each pump room having a similar hazard shall be provided with at least one of the fixed fire extinguishing systems required by regulation 33(1) and which shall be operated from a readily accessible position outside the pump room, provided that where the fixed extinguishing system is a gas system—(a) the alarms referred to in Schedule 10 shall be safe for use in a flammable cargo vapour/air mixture;(b) a notice shall be exhibited at the controls stating that due to the electrostatic ignition hazard, the system is to be used only for fire extinguishing and not for inerting purposes;(c) where the extinguishing medium used in the cargo pump room system is also used in systems serving other spaces, the quantity of medium provided or its delivery rate need not be more than the maximum required for the largest compartment.(2) In chemical tankers, where the fixed fire extinguishing system referred to in subregulation (1) is a gas system, the concentration shall be as specified in the Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk. (L.N. 410 of 1995) 52. Fireman isolating valves In every tanker of Class VII(T) of 500 tons or over isolation valves shall be fitted in the fire main at poop front in a protected position and on the tank deck at intervals of not more than 40 metres to preserve the integrity of the fire main system in case of fire or explosion. 53. Firemen’s outfits In every ship of Class VII(T) of 500 tons or over there shall be provided not less than 4 firemen’s outfits complying with the requirements of regulation 69. In addition one such outfit carried in any such ship shall include a breathing apparatus of the air-hose type and the remainder shall include breathing apparatus of the self-contained type: provided that where the air-hose type breathing apparatus has, in order to comply with paragraph (1) of Schedule 5, to exceed 36 metres in length a self-contained breathing apparatus shall be provided either in addition to or as a substitute for that air-hose breathing apparatus. Tankers of Class VII(T) of under 500 Tons 54. Application (1) Regulation 39 shall apply to every tanker of Class VII(T) of under 500 tons as it applies to ships of Class VII of under 500 tons. In addition regulations 50 and 51 shall apply to such tankers as they apply to tankers of Class VII(T) of 500 tons or over.(2) In addition to the requirements of subregulation (1), every tanker of Class VII(T) of under 500 tons shall be provided with at least one mobile foam appliance whereby foam is immediately available by simple and rapid means of operation for discharge in the area of the cargo manifolds.Tankers of Class VIII(T)Tankers of 500 Tons or over 55. Application Regulations 48 to 53 inclusive shall apply to tankers of Class VIII(T) of 500 tons or over as they apply to tankers of Class VII(T) of 500 tons or over.Tankers of 150 Tons or over but under 500 Tons 56. Application Regulation 42 shall apply to tankers of Class VIII(T) of 150 tons or over but under 500 tons as it applies to ships of Class VIII of 150 tons or over but under 500 tons. In addition regulations 50, 51 and 54(2) shall apply to tankers of Class VIII(T) as they apply to tankers of Class VII(T) of under 500 tons.Tankers of under 150 Tons 57. Application Regulation 43 shall apply to tankers of Class VIII(T) of under 150 tons as it applies to ships of Class VIII of under 150 tons. In addition there shall be provided a mobile foam appliance in accordance with regulation 54(2).Tankers of Classes VIII(A)(T) and IX(A)(T) 58. Application (1) (a) Regulation 37 shall apply to tankers of Classes VIII(A)(T) and IX(A)(T) of 500 tons or over as it applies to ships of Class VII of 500 tons or over.(b) Regulations 48 to 52 inclusive shall apply to tankers of Classes VIII(A)(T) and IX(A)(T) of 500 tons or over as they apply to tankers of Class VII(T) of 500 tons or over; provided that tankers of Classes VIII(A)(T) and IX(A)(T) of less than 2,000 tons may instead of complying with regulation 49(1) comply with regulation 54(2).

(2) Regulations 56 and 57 inclusive shall apply to tankers of Classes VIII(A)(T) and IX(A)(T) as they apply to tankers of Class VIII(T).(3) The Director may exempt any tanker of Class VIII(A)(T) or IX(A)(T) which is under 500 tons or which is not engaged on an international voyage from any of the requirements of these regulations. Part V Fire Prevention and Fire Appliances: General 59. Requirements for ships provided with helicopter landing with or without fuelling facilities (1) On any helicopter deck there shall be provided and stored adjacent to the means of access to that deck—(a) dry powder extinguishers of total capacity not less than 45 kilograms; and(b) a suitable foam applicator system consisting of monitors or foam making branch pipes capable of delivering foam solution at a rate of not less than 6 litres per minute per square metre of the area contained within a circle of diameter D metres for not less than 5 minutes. For the purpose of this regulation, D is the distance across the main rotor and tail rotor in the fore and aft line of a helicopter with a single main rotor and across both rotors for a tandem rotor helicopter; and(c) carbon dioxide extinguishers of total capacity of not less than 16 kilograms, which shall be so equipped as to enable the medium to be applied to the engine area of any helicopter using the deck.(2) The arrangement of water service pipes, hydrants, hoses and nozzles required by these regulations for fire purposes shall be such that at least 2 jets of water can reach any part of the helicopter deck and, where helicopter refuelling facilities are provided, any part of the fuel storage tanks and associated pumps and piping.(3) In every ship provided with helicopter refuelling facilities at least 2 portable extinguishers suitable for fighting oil fires shall be provided adjacent to the fuel storage tanks and associated pumps and piping in addition to any portable extinguishers required in these regulations. 60. Fire pumps (1) In every passenger ship to which these regulations apply which is required by these regulations to be provided with fire pumps operated by power, such fire pumps (other than any emergency fire pumps) shall together be capable of delivering for fire fighting purposes a quantity of water, under the conditions and at the pressure specified in regulation 61 of not less than two thirds of the quantity required to be dealt with by the bilge pumps provided in the ship in compliance with Part III of the Merchant Shipping (Safety) (Passenger Ship Construction and Survey) (Ships Built On or After 1 September 1984) Regulations (Cap. 369 sub. leg. AM). (E.R. 1 of 2022)(2) In every ship, other than a passenger ship, to which these regulations apply which is required by these regulations to be provided with fire pumps operated by power such fire pumps (other than any emergency fire pump) shall together be capable of delivering for fire fighting purposes a quantity of water, under the conditions and at the pressure specified in regulation 61, which shall not be less than the quantity obtained from the following formula—Quantity of water in cubic metres per hour = Cd2 where—(a) C = 5 for ships required to be provided with more than one fire pump (excluding any emergency fire pump) and C = 2.5 for ships required to be provided with only one fire pump; and(b) d = 1 + 0 . 066 L ( B + D ) to the nearest 0.25whereL = length of the ship in metres on the summer load water line from the foreside of the stem to the afterside of the rudder post. Where there is no rudder post, the length is measured from the foreside of the stem to the axis of the rudder stock. For ships with cruiser sterns, the length shall be taken as 96% of the total length on the designed summer load water line or as the length from the foreside of the stem to the axis of the rudder stock if that be the greater;B = greatest moulded breadth of the ship in metres; andD = moulded depth of the ship in metres measured to the bulkhead deck amidships;provided that in any such ship the total capacity of the fire pumps for fire fighting purposes shall not be required to exceed 180 cubic metres per hour.(3) Every fire pump required by these regulations to be operated by power shall, except as expressly provided otherwise in these regulations, be operated by means other than the ship’s main engines. Fire pumps, provided in compliance with these regulations may be sanitary, ballast, bilge or general service pumps provided that they are not normally used for pumping oil and, if they are subject to occasional duty for the transfer or pumping of oil, suitable change-over arrangements are fitted and operating instructions are conspicuously displayed at the change-over position.(4) In any ship in which automatic and remote control systems have been provided in the machinery space in lieu of continuous manning of the space, arrangements shall be made to ensure immediate availability of a water supply from the fire main at the required pressure either by permanent pressurisation or by suitably placed remote starting of the fire pumps. The Director may waive this requirement for ships other than passenger ships of less than 1,600 tons if the arrangement of the machinery space access makes it unnecessary.(5) In every ship to which these regulations apply which is required by these regulations to be provided with more than one fire pump operated by power (other than any emergency pump) every such fire pump shall have a capacity of not less than 80% of the total capacity of the fire pumps required by subregulation (1) divided by the number of fire pumps required by these regulations to be provided in the ship provided that each pump has a capacity of not less than 25 cubic metres per hour. When more fire pumps operated by power than are required by these regulations are provided in any ship, the Director may permit the capacity of any such additional fire pumps to be less than 80%.(6) Every fire pump required by these regulations which is operated by power (other than any emergency pump) shall be capable of producing from any fire hydrant or hydrants in the ship, at least the minimum number of jets of water required by these regulations as appropriate to the class and tonnage of the ship, while maintaining the pressure required by regulation 61(2).(7) Relief valves shall be provided in conjunction with all fire pumps if the pumps are capable of developing a pressure exceeding the design pressure of the fire main, water service pipes, hydrants and hoses. Such valves shall be so placed and adjusted as to prevent excessive pressure in any part of the fire main system.(8) Every centrifugal pump which is connected to the fire main shall be fitted with a non-return valve.(9) In every ship of Class I, II or II(A), any emergency fire pump shall be situated in a position aft of the ship’s collision bulkhead.(10) For every ship of 2,000 tons or over, other than a passenger ship, the arrangements of the emergency fire pump shall be such that—(a) the capacity of the emergency fire pump shall not be less than 40% of the total capacity of the fire pumps required by this regulation and in any case not less than 25 cubic metres per hour; (L.N. 410 of 1995)(aa) when the emergency fire pump is delivering the quantity of water required by paragraph (a), the pressure at any hydrant shall not be less than the pressure specified in regulation 61(2)(b)(i) or (ii), as the case may be; (L.N. 410 of 1995)(b) any diesel driven power source for the emergency fire pump shall be capable of being readily started in its cold condition down to a temperature of 0oC by hand cranking. Where lower temperatures are likely to be encountered, heating arrangements acceptable to the Director shall be provided. Where hand cranking is impractical alternative arrangements shall be such as to enable the diesel driven power source to be started at least 6 times within a period of 30 minutes, and at least twice within the first 10 minutes;(c) any service fuel tank for the diesel driven power source referred to in paragraph (b) shall contain sufficient fuel to enable the emergency fire pump to run on full load for at least 3 hours and sufficient reserve of fuel shall be available outside the main machinery space to enable such pump to be run on full load for an additional 15 hours;(d) for ships other than post 1992 ships, the total suction head of the emergency fire pump shall not exceed 4.5 metres under all conditions of list and trim likely to be encountered in service and the suction piping shall be designed to minimise suction losses. For post 1992 ships, the total suction head and the net positive suction head of the emergency fire pump shall be such that the requirements of regulation 29(3)(a) and (b) and of paragraph (a) shall be obtained under all conditions of list, trim, roll and pitch likely to be encountered in service; (L.N. 410 of 1995)(e) the boundaries of the space containing the emergency fire pump shall be insulated to a standard of structural fire protection equivalent to that required for a control station in regulation 115 or 132;(f) direct access shall not be permitted between the machinery space and the space containing the emergency fire pump and its source of power except where the access is by means of an airlock, with each of the 2 doors being self-closing or through a watertight door capable of being operated from a space remote from the machinery space and the space containing the emergency fire pump and unlikely to be cut off in the event of fire in those spaces. In cases where such access by means of an airlock is provided, a second means of access to the space containing the emergency fire pump and its source of power shall be provided;(g) ventilation arrangements to the space containing the independent source of power for the emergency fire pump shall be such as to prevent the possibility of smoke from a machinery space fire entering or being drawn into that space. (E.R. 1 of 2022) 61. Fire main, water service pipes and hydrants (1) In every ship which is required by these regulations to be provided with fire pumps operated by power, the diameter of the fire main and of the water service pipes connecting the hydrants thereto shall be sufficient for the effective distribution of the maximum discharge required by these regulations from—(a) where only one pump is required by these regulations, that pump; or(b) where 2 such pumps are so required, both pumps operating simultaneously; or(c) where more than 2 such pumps are so required, the 2 largest of such pumps operating simultaneously;provided that in any ship other than a passenger ship the diameter of the fire main and of the water service pipes shall be required to be sufficient only for the discharge of 140 cubic metres per hour.(2) Any fire pump required to be provided by these regulations shall, when discharging the quantity of water required by subregulation (1) through adjacent fire hydrants in any part of the ship from nozzles of sizes specified in regulation 62, be capable of maintaining the following pressure at any hydrant—(a) in any passenger ship—(i) of 4,000 tons and upwards:3.1 bar (0.31N/mm2);(ii) of 1,000 tons and upwards but under 4,000 tons:2.7 bar (0.27N/mm2);(iii) of under 1,000 tons:2.1 bar (0.21N/mm2);(b) in any ship other than a passenger ship—(i) of 6,000 tons and upwards:2.7 bar (0.27N/mm2);(ii) of 1,000 tons and upwards but under 6,000 tons:2.5 bar (0.25N/mm2);(iii) of under 1,000 tons:2.1 bar (0.21N/mm2);(c) in any post October 1994 ship, in lieu of the provisions of paragraph (a)—(i) of 4,000 tons and upwards:4 bar (0.4N/mm2);(ii) of 1,000 tons and upwards but under 4,000 tons:3 bar (0.3N/mm2); (L.N. 410 of 1995)provided that the maximum pressure at any hydrant shall not exceed that at which the effective control of a fire hose can be demonstrated. (E.R. 1 of 2022)(3) (a) Where any ship is required by these regulations to be provided with appliances capable of producing 2 jets of water under the conditions required by these regulations, hydrants sufficient in number shall be so positioned as to enable at least 2 jets of water, not emanating from the same hydrant, one of which shall be from a single length of hose, to reach any part of the ship normally accessible to the passengers or crew while the ship is being navigated and to any store room and any part of any cargo space when empty, except that in any special category space or ro/ro cargo space 2 jets shall reach any part of the space, each from a single length of hose. Such hydrants shall be positioned near the accesses to the protected spaces.(b) Where any ship is required by these regulations to be provided with appliances capable of producing one jet of water under the conditions required by these regulations, hydrants sufficient in number shall be so positioned as to enable one jet of water from a single length of hose to reach any part of the ship normally accessible to the passengers or crew while the ship is being navigated and any store room and any part of any cargo space when empty.(4) (a) The fire main shall have no connections other than those necessary for fire fighting and washing down.(b) Materials readily rendered ineffective by heat shall not be used for fire mains unless adequately protected.(c) The fire hydrants shall be so placed that the fire hoses may be easily coupled to them.(d) In ships which may carry deck cargo the fire hydrants shall be so placed that they are always readily accessible and the pipes shall be arranged as far as practicable to avoid risk of damage by such cargo.(e) Unless there is provided one fire hose and nozzle for each fire hydrant in the ship there shall be complete interchangeability of fire hose couplings and nozzles.(f) Hydrant valves of the screw lift type or cocks shall be fitted in such position that any of the fire hoses may be isolated and removed while the fire pumps are at work.(g) The water pipes shall not be made of cast iron, and if made of iron or steel shall be galvanised or alternatively the pipe wall thickness shall be increased by a corrosion allowance satisfactory to the Director.(h) The arrangements of pipes and hydrants shall be such as to avoid the possibility of freezing.(i) Isolating valves to separate the section of the fire main within the machinery space containing the main fire pump or pumps from the rest of the fire main shall be fitted in a position outside the machinery spaces which shall be easily accessible when there is a fire. The fire main shall be so arranged that when the isolating valves are shut all the hydrants on the ship, except those in the machinery space referred to above, can be supplied with water by a fire pump not located in this machinery space through pipes which do not enter this space. Exceptionally, the Director may permit short lengths of the emergency fire pump suction and discharge piping to penetrate the machinery space if it is impracticable to route it externally, provided that the integrity of the fire main is maintained by the enclosure of the piping in a substantial steel casing. 62. Fire hoses, nozzles, etc. (1) Fire hoses provided in compliance with these regulations shall not exceed 18 metres in length except that in ships having a moulded breadth of 27 metres or more, the length of fire hoses for exterior locations and for cargo spaces may exceed 18 metres but shall not exceed 27 metres in length. In the case of—(a) a ship other than a post 1992 ship—(i) every such hose forming part of the ship’s equipment before that date shall be made of closely woven flax, canvas or other suitable material; and(ii) every other such hose shall be made of non-perishable material;(b) a post 1992 ship, every such hose shall be made of non-perishable material,and every such hose shall be provided with couplings, branch pipes, other necessary fittings and nozzles, as required by these regulations. (L.N. 410 of 1995)(2) Every fire hose provided in compliance with these regulations together with the tools and fittings necessary for its use, shall be kept in a conspicuous position near the hydrants or connections with which it is intended to be used. In interior locations in passenger ships fire hoses shall be connected to the hydrants at all times. Hose diameters shall be not less than 64 millimetres if unlined or 45 millimetres if lined except that the Director may permit smaller diameter hoses in small ships.(3) Except in partially decked ships of Class XII, fire hoses provided in compliance with these regulations shall not be used for any purpose other than for fire fighting or testing the fire appliances.(4) (a) Every ship which is required by these regulations to be provided with fire pumps operated by power shall be provided with nozzles of 12 millimetres, 16 millimetres, 19 millimetres in diameter or as near thereto in diameter as possible. Nozzles larger in diameter may be provided if the requirements of these regulations relating to the provision of water for fire fighting purposes are otherwise complied with.(b) For machinery spaces and exterior locations the diameter of the nozzles shall be such as to obtain the maximum possible discharge from the minimum number of jets of water and at the pressure required by these regulations from the smallest fire pump permitted by regulation 60(5): provided that the diameter of the nozzles shall not be required to be greater than 19 millimetres.(c) For accommodation and service spaces the diameter of the nozzles shall not be required to be greater than 12 millimetres.(d) Every nozzle provided in compliance with these regulations shall be capable of producing a water spray and a plain water jet and shall incorporate a shut-off facility. 63. Location and arrangement of water pumps for other fire extinguishing systems Pumps required for the provision of water for other fire extinguishing systems required by these regulations, their sources of power and their controls shall be installed outside the space or spaces protected by such systems and shall be so arranged that a fire in the space or spaces protected will not put any such system out of action. 64. Special requirements for fixed fire extinguishing systems (1) Where halogenated hydrocarbon is used as an extinguishing medium in fixed fire extinguishing systems in accordance with these regulations, its use shall be permitted only in machinery spaces, pump rooms and in cargo spaces intended solely for the carriage of vehicles which are not carrying any cargo.(2) Where a fixed pressure water spraying system is used for the protection of special category spaces, cargo spaces where permitted by these regulations or ro/ro cargo spaces, special consideration shall be given to the bilge pumping and drainage arrangements where such spaces are below the bulkhead deck and to the scupper arrangements where such spaces are above the bulkhead deck. 65. Fixed low-expansion foam fire extinguishing systems in machinery spaces fitted in addition to requirements of these regulations (1) Where in any machinery space a fixed low-expansion foam fire extinguishing system is fitted in addition to the requirements of these regulations, such system shall be capable of discharging through fixed discharge outlets in not more than 5 minutes a quantity of foam sufficient to cover to a depth of 150 mm the largest single area over which oil fuel is liable to spread. The system shall be capable of generating foam suitable for extinguishing oil fires. Means shall be provided for effective distribution of the foam through a permanent system of piping and control valves or cocks to suitable discharge outlets, and for the foam to be effectively directed by fixed sprayers on other main fire hazards in the protected space. The expansion ratio of the foam shall not exceed 12 to 1.(2) The means of control of any such system shall be readily accessible and simple to operate and shall be grouped together in as few locations as possible at positions not likely to be cut off by a fire in the protected space. 66. Fixed fire extinguishing systems not required by these regulations In every ship where a fixed extinguishing system not required by these regulations is provided, such a system shall be to the satisfaction of the Director, shall be installed outside the space or spaces protected by such systems and shall be so arranged that a fire in the space or spaces protected will not put any such system out of action. 67. Fire extinguishers (1) Non-portable foam, carbon dioxide and dry powder fire extinguishers provided in compliance with these regulations shall be of approved types and designs and shall meet the requirements of Schedules 2, 3 and 4 respectively. (E.R. 1 of 2022)(2) (a) Portable fire extinguishers (other than carbon dioxide or halogenated hydrocarbon fire extinguishers) provided in compliance with these regulations shall, if they are a type discharging fluid, have a capacity of not more than 13.5 litres and not less than 9 litres.(b) Portable carbon dioxide fire extinguishers provided in compliance with these regulations shall have a capacity of not less than 3 kilograms of carbon dioxide.(c) Portable dry powder fire extinguishers provided in compliance with these regulations shall have a capacity of not less than 4.5 kilograms of dry powder.(d) Portable halogenated hydrocarbon fire extinguishers provided in compliance with these regulations shall have a capacity of not less than 7 kilograms of halogenated hydrocarbon.(e) Portable fire extinguishers of other types provided in compliance with these regulations shall be of not less than the fire extinguishing equivalent of a 9-litre fluid fire extinguisher. (E.R. 1 of 2022)(3) Portable halogenated hydrocarbon fire extinguishers provided in compliance with these regulations shall use either bromochlorodifluoromethane (B.C.F.)/(Halon 1211) or bromotrifluoromethane (B.T.M.)/(Halon 1301) as the extinguishing medium.(4) Portable fire extinguishers provided in compliance with these regulations for use in accommodation or service spaces of any ship shall so far as practicable have a uniform method of operation.(5) Portable fire extinguishers provided in compliance with these regulations shall, subject to subregulations (2), (3) and (4), be of an approved type and design and shall meet the requirements of British Standard BS 5423:1980.(6) Portable and non-portable fire extinguishers shall be periodically examined and subject to such tests as the Director may require. (E.R. 1 of 2022)(7) Where portable dry powder fire extinguishers are provided in accordance with these regulations either in accommodation and service spaces or in machinery spaces their number shall not exceed one half of the total number of extinguishers provided in either of these spaces.(8) Portable carbon dioxide and halogenated hydrocarbon extinguishers shall not be located in accommodation spaces. Where such extinguishers are provided in compliance with these regulations in radio rooms, at switchboards and other similar positions, the volume of any space containing one or more extinguishers shall be such as to limit the concentration of vapour that can occur due to discharge to not more than 5% of the net volume of the space. For the purpose of this regulation the volume of carbon dioxide shall be calculated at 0.56 metre3/kilogram, the volume of Halon 1301 at 0.16 metre3/kilogram and the volume of Halon 1211 at 0.14 metre3/kilogram. (E.R. 1 of 2022)(9) Where portable halogenated hydrocarbon extinguishers are provided in compliance with these regulations in machinery spaces, their number shall not exceed one half of the total number of extinguishers provided in such spaces.(10) One of the portable fire extinguishers intended for use in any space shall be stowed near the entrance to that space.(11) Fire extinguishers provided for use in any ship to which these regulations apply shall not contain any extinguishing medium which has not been approved by the Director.(12) For the purposes of these regulations the capacity of a carbon dioxide or halogenated hydrocarbon extinguisher shall be taken to be the greatest weight of carbon dioxide or halogenated hydrocarbon respectively which it can safely contain in a tropical climate.(13) For the purposes of these regulations the capacity of any fire extinguisher, other than a carbon dioxide or halogenated hydrocarbon fire extinguisher, shall be taken to be the greatest volume or weight of extinguishing medium which it can contain when sufficient space is left to ensure the proper operation of the extinguisher.(14) Every fire extinguisher provided in compliance with these regulations shall be kept fully charged at all times.(15) Spare charges shall be provided to the extent of at least 50% for each type of fire extinguisher provided in compliance with these regulations, except that for each such fire extinguisher which is of a type that cannot readily be recharged while the ship is at sea, an additional portable fire extinguisher of the same type, or its equivalent shall be provided in lieu of a spare charge. 68. No provision. 69. Firemen’s outfits (1) Every fireman’s outfit carried in compliance with these regulations shall consist of—(a) a breathing apparatus complying with the requirements specified in Schedule 5; and(b) personal equipment comprising—(i) a portable self-contained electric battery-operated safety lamp of an approved type capable of functioning efficiently for a period of at least 3 hours;(ii) a fireman’s axe;(iii) protective clothing of material capable of protecting the skin from the heat radiating from the fire and from burns and scalding by steam; the outer surface shall be water resistant;(iv) boots and gloves of rubber or other electrically non-conducting material; and(v) rigid helmet providing effective protection against impact.(2) Firemen’s outfits shall be stored in readily accessible positions which are not likely to be cut off in the event of fire and, except as provided for by regulation 11(2), where more than one such outfit is provided, they shall be stored in widely separated positions. 70. Means for stopping machinery, shutting off oil fuel suction pipes and closing of openings (1) In every ship to which these regulations apply, there shall be provided—(a) means for stopping ventilation fans serving machinery, accommodation and cargo spaces;(b) means for closing all skylights, doorways, ventilators, annular spaces around funnels and other openings to such spaces; and(c) means to permit the release of smoke from machinery spaces.Such means shall be capable of being operated from positions outside the said spaces and which would not be made inaccessible by a fire within such spaces.(2) Machinery driving forced and induced draught fans, oil fuel transfer pumps, oil fuel unit pumps and other similar fuel pumps shall be fitted with remote controls situated outside the spaces in which such machinery or pumps are situated and which would not be made inaccessible by a fire within such spaces. The controls shall be capable of stopping such machinery or pumps in the event of fire in such spaces. For machinery spaces in passenger ships such controls together with the controls required in subregulation (1) shall be situated at one control position or grouped in as few positions as possible. Such controls shall have safe access from the open deck.(3) Except as provided for in subregulation (4) in every ship to which these regulations apply, every pipe connected to any oil fuel or lubricating oil storage, settling, or daily service tank, not being a double bottom tank, which if damaged would permit discharge of the contents so as to cause a fire hazard, shall be fitted with a valve or cock which shall be secured to the tank to which it is connected and which shall be capable of being closed from a readily accessible position outside the space in which the tank is situated, provided that in the case of any inlet pipe to such a tank, a non-return valve secured to the tank may be substituted. In the case of an oil fuel or lubricating oil deep tank situated in or adjacent to a shaft or pipe tunnel or similar space, a valve or valves (additional to the valve required to be fitted on the tank) may be fitted on the pipe line or lines outside the tunnel or tunnels or similar space to enable control to be exercised in the event of fire. Such valve if fitted in the machinery space shall be operated from a position outside the space.(4) The valve or cock required by subregulation (3) may be dispensed with in the case of a pipe connected to a lubricating oil tank fitted in a space other than a machinery space of Category A provided that the safety of the ship is not impaired. 71. Gaseous fuel for domestic purposes Where gaseous fuel is used for domestic purposes the arrangements for storage, distribution and utilisation of the fuel shall be in accordance with regulation 55 of the Merchant Shipping (Safety) (Cargo Ship Construction and Survey) (Ships Built On or After 1 September 1984) Regulations (Cap. 369 sub. leg. S), or regulation 80 of the Merchant Shipping (Safety) (Passenger Ship Construction and Survey) (Ships Built On or After 1 September 1984) Regulations (Cap. 369 sub. leg. AM).(E.R. 1 of 2022) 72. Fire control plans (1) In every ship of Classes I and II and in every ship of Class II(A) of 21.34 metres in length or over there shall be permanently exhibited by the owner of the ship for the guidance of the master and officers of the ship, general arrangement plans showing clearly for each deck the position of the control stations, the sections of the ship which are enclosed by “A” Class divisions and the sections of the ship which are enclosed by “B” Class divisions together with particulars of the fire alarms, fire detection systems, the sprinkler installations, the fixed and portable fire extinguishing appliances and firemen’s outfits, the means of access to the various compartments and decks in the ship, the ventilating system including particulars of the master fan controls, the position of dampers and identification numbers of the ventilating fans serving each section of the ship, the location of the international shore connection and the position of all means of control referred to in regulation 70. Descriptions in such plans shall be in English.(2) In every ship of 500 tons or over, other than a ship of Class I or II or a ship of Class II(A) of 21.34 metres in length or over, there shall be permanently exhibited by the owner of the ship for the guidance of the master and officers of the ship general arrangement plans showing clearly in relation to the ship the information referred to in subregulation (1).(3) The general arrangement plans required by this regulation shall be kept up-to-date, any alterations to general arrangements being recorded thereon without delay.(4) A duplicate set of the general arrangement plans required by this regulation shall be permanently stored in a prominently marked weather-tight enclosure outside the deck house for the assistance of shore-side fire fighting personnel.(5) Instructions concerning the maintenance and operation of all the equipment and installations on board for the fighting and containment of fire shall be kept in one book, readily available in an accessible position. 72A. Helicopter deck operations manual If a ship mentioned in regulation 72(1) or (2) is a post 1992 ship and has a helicopter deck, the ship shall carry an operations manual, which shall include a description and a checklist of safety precautions, procedures, and equipment requirements.(L.N. 410 of 1995) 73. Availability of fire fighting appliances Fire appliances carried in any ship shall be maintained in good order and shall be kept available for immediate use at all times. All movable fire appliances, other than firemen’s outfits, carried in compliance with these regulations shall be stowed where they will be readily accessible from the spaces in which they are intended to be used and, in particular, one of the portable fire extinguishers intended for use in any space shall be stowed near the entrance to that space. Part VI Structural Fire Protection: Passenger Ships Ships of Classes I, II and II(A) Carrying more than 36 Passengers 74. Application Regulations 75 to 89 inclusive of this Part apply to passenger ships of Classes I, II and II(A) carrying more than 36 passengers. 75. Structure (1) The hull, superstructure, structural bulkheads, decks and deckhouses shall be constructed of steel or other equivalent material, except that the crowns and casings of machinery spaces of Category A shall be constructed only of steel.(2) Where any part of the structure is of aluminium alloy, the following requirements shall apply—(a) the insulation of aluminium alloy components of “A” Class divisions or “B” Class divisions, and supports of such divisions, shall be such that the temperature of the structural core does not rise more than 200oC above the ambient temperature at any time during a standard fire test of 60 minutes duration in the case of an “A” Class division and 30 minutes duration in the case of a “B” Class division; and(b) the insulation of aluminium alloy components of columns, stanchions and other structural members required to support lifeboat and liferaft stowage, launching and embarkation areas, shall be such that the temperature rise limitation specified in paragraph (a) shall apply for 60 minutes duration. 75A. Helicopter decks (1) Subregulations (2), (3) and (4) apply to a post 1992 ship (other than a post-1998 ship) having a helicopter deck. (L.N. 254 of 2018)(1A) Subregulation (5) applies to a post-1998 ship. (L.N. 254 of 2018)(2) Subject to subregulation (4), the helicopter deck shall be of steel or steel equivalent fire-resistant construction.(3) If the space below the helicopter deck is of a high fire risk, the insulation standard shall be to the satisfaction of the Director.(4) If the Director so permits, the helicopter deck may be constructed of aluminium or other low melting metal construction that is not made equivalent to steel, except that—(a) if the platform is cantilevered over the side of the ship, then, after the occurrence of a fire on the ship or on the platform, the platform shall undergo a structural analysis to determine its suitability for further use;(b) if the platform is located above the ship’s deckhouse or similar structure—(i) the deckhouse top and bulkheads under the platform shall have no openings;(ii) all windows under the platform shall be provided with steel shutters;(iii) after a fire on or in close proximity to the platform, the platform shall undergo a structural analysis to determine its suitability for further use.(5) Provisions of helicopter facilities on a ship must be in accordance with the Standards for On-board Helicopter Facilities adopted by the International Maritime Organization by Resolution A.855(20). (L.N. 254 of 2018)(L.N. 410 of 1995) 76. Main vertical zones and horizontal zones (1) In every ship, other than a post October 1994 ship, the hull, superstructure and deckhouses shall be subdivided by bulkheads consisting of “A” Class divisions into main vertical zones except in respect of special category spaces or ro/ro cargo spaces to which regulation 87 applies. The mean length of each zone on any one deck, above the bulkhead deck, shall not normally exceed 40 metres. Steps and recesses shall be kept to a minimum, but any which are necessary shall consist of “A” Class divisions. These divisions shall have insulation values in accordance with the tables at the end of regulation 78. (L.N. 410 of 1995)(1A) In every post October 1994 ship, the hull, superstructure and deckhouses shall be subdivided by bulkheads consisting of “A-60” Class divisions into main vertical zones except in respect of special category spaces or ro/ro cargo spaces to which regulation 87 applies. The mean length of each zone on any one deck, above the bulkhead deck, shall not normally exceed 40 metres. Steps and recesses shall be kept to a minimum, but any which are necessary shall consist of “A-60” Class divisions. These divisions shall have insulation values in accordance with the tables at the end of regulation 78. (L.N. 410 of 1995; L.N. 254 of 2018)(1B) An “A-60” Class division referred to in subregulation (1A) may be reduced to an “A-0” Class division if—(a) for a post October 1994 ship (other than a post-1998 ship)—the space classified in regulation 78(3)(b) as Category (5), (9) or (10) is on one side of the division; or(b) for a post-1998 ship—(i) the space classified in regulation 78(3)(b) as Category (5), (9) or (10) is on one side of the division; or(ii) the fuel oil tanks are on both sides of the division. (L.N. 254 of 2018)(2) Any portions of such divisions which extend above the bulkhead deck shall, whenever possible, be in line with watertight subdivision bulkheads situated immediately below the bulkhead deck, and shall extend from deck to deck and to the ship’s shell and in the case of a deckhouse, to the external plating thereof.(2A) In every post October 1994 ship, the length and width of main vertical zones may be extended to a maximum of 48 metres in order to bring the ends of main vertical zones to coincide with subdivision watertight bulkheads or in order to accommodate a large public space extending for the whole length of the main vertical zone provided that the total area of the main vertical zone is not greater than 1,600 square metres on any deck. The length or width of a main vertical zone is the maximum distance between the further most points of the bulkheads bounding it. (L.N. 410 of 1995)(3) A main vertical zone may, for the purpose of regulation 86, be subdivided by horizontal “A” Class divisions into 2 or more parts provided that such horizontal divisions shall extend between adjacent main vertical zone bulkheads and to the shell or exterior boundaries of the ship and, in the case of a ship other than a post October 1994 ship, shall have insulation and integrity values in accordance with table 3 at the end of regulation 78. (L.N. 410 of 1995)(4) In ships designed for special purposes such as train services, where the provision of main vertical zone bulkheads would conflict with the purpose for which the ship is intended, the Director may allow an equivalent means for controlling and limiting a fire to be substituted.(5) In every post October 1994 ship, the mean length and width of main vertical zones on any deck shall not in general exceed 40 metres. (L.N. 410 of 1995) 77. Bulkheads within a main vertical zone (1) Every bulkhead within the accommodation spaces or service spaces not being a bulkhead required by these regulations to consist of an “A” Class division, shall consist of a “B” Class division or “C” Class division as required by the tables at the end of regulation 78. All such divisions may be faced with combustible materials in accordance with regulation 84.(2) In every ship other than a post October 1994 ship, all corridor bulkheads where not required to be “A” Class divisions shall be “B” Class divisions which shall extend from deck to deck except that— (L.N. 410 of 1995)(a) when continuous “B” Class ceilings and/or linings are fitted on both sides of the bulkhead, the portion of the bulkhead behind the continuous ceiling or lining shall be of material which in thickness and composition meets the requirements of “B” Class divisions, but which is required to meet “B” Class fire integrity standards only so far as is reasonable and practicable in the opinion of the Director; and(b) in the case of a ship protected by an automatic sprinkler, fire detection and fire alarm system complying with the provisions of Schedule 7 the corridor bulkheads of “B” Class materials may terminate at a ceiling in the corridor, provide that such a ceiling is of material which in thickness and composition meets the requirements of “B” Class divisions; notwithstanding the requirements of regulation 78, such bulkheads and ceilings shall be required to meet “B” Class fire integrity standards only so far as is reasonable and practicable in the opinion of the Director; all doors and their frames in such bulkheads shall be of non-combustible materials and shall be constructed and erected so as to provide substantial fire resistance to the satisfaction of the Director.(3) Every bulkhead required to be a “B” Class division, except a corridor bulkhead prescribed in subregulation (2), shall extend from deck to deck and to the shell or other boundaries unless continuous “B” Class ceilings and/or linings fitted on both sides of the bulkhead are at least of the same fire resistance as the bulkhead, in which case the bulkhead may terminate at the continuous ceiling and/or lining. (L.N. 410 of 1995) 78. Fire integrity of bulkheads and decks (1) In addition to complying with the specific provisions for fire integrity of bulkheads and decks of these regulations, the minimum fire integrity and insulation standards of all bulkheads and decks shall be as prescribed in subregulations (2) and (5) and— (L.N. 254 of 2018)(a) for a pre-1998 ship—tables 1, 2, 2A, 3, 4 and 4A in this regulation; or(b) for a post-1998 ship—Table 26.1 in regulation 26 of specified Chapter II-2 and table 4A in this regulation. (L.N. 254 of 2018)(2) Where, due to any particular structural arrangement in the ship, there may be doubt in determining from the tables the minimum fire integrity and insulation standard of any division, such standard shall be determined to the satisfaction of the Director.(3) The following requirements shall govern application of the tables—(a) table 1 shall apply to bulkheads bounding main vertical zones or horizontal zones in ships other than post October 1994 ships;table 2 shall apply to bulkheads not bounding either main vertical zones or horizontal zones in ships other than post October 1994 ships;table 2A shall apply to bulkheads not bounding either main vertical zones or horizontal zones in a post October 1994 ship (other than a post-1998 ship); (L.N. 254 of 2018)table 3 shall apply to decks forming steps in main vertical zones or bounding horizontal zones on ships other than post October 1994 ships;table 4 shall apply to decks not forming steps in main vertical zones nor bounding horizontal zones in ships other than post October 1994 ships;table 4A shall apply to decks not forming steps in main vertical zones nor bounding horizontal zones in post October 1994 ships; (L.N. 410 of 1995)(b) for the purpose of determining the appropriate fire integrity and insulation standards to be applied to boundaries between adjacent spaces, such spaces are classified according to their fire risk as shown in Categories (1) to (14) below; where the contents and use of a space are such that there may be doubt as to its classification for the purpose of this regulation, it shall be treated as a space within the relevant category having the most stringent boundary requirements; the number in parentheses preceding each category refers to the applicable column or row numbers in the tables— (1) control stations and similar spaces are control stations as defined in regulation 1(3); spaces containing centralized emergency public address systems and equipment;(2) stairways include interior stairways, lifts and escalators and enclosures thereto (other than those wholly contained within machinery spaces) for passengers or crew; a stairway which is enclosed at only one level shall be regarded as part of the space from which it is not separated by a fire door;(3) corridors include passenger and crew space corridors; (L.N. 410 of 1995)(4) evacuation stations and external escape routes include—survival craft stowage area; open deck spaces and enclosed promenades forming lifeboat and liferaft embarkation and lowering stations;muster station, internal and external; external stairs and open decks used for escape routes;the ship’s side to the waterline in the lightest seagoing condition, superstructure and deckhouse sides situated below and adjacent to the liferaft’s and evacuation slide’s embarkation areas; (L.N. 410 of 1995)(5) open deck spaces include—open deck spaces and enclosed promenades clear of lifeboat and liferaft embarkation and lowering stations; the air space outside superstructures and deckhouses;(6) accommodation spaces of minor fire risk are—cabins which are rooms containing furniture and furnishings of restricted fire risk as defined in regulation 1(3);public spaces which are rooms containing furniture and furnishings of restricted fire risk as defined in regulation 1(3) and having a deck area of less than 50 square metres;offices and dispensaries which are rooms containing furniture and furnishings of restricted fire risk as defined in regulation 1(3);(7) accommodation and service spaces of moderate fire risk are—spaces listed in Category (6) but which are rooms containing furniture and furnishings of other than restricted fire risk;public spaces which are rooms containing furniture and furnishings of restricted fire risk as defined in regulation 1(3) and having a deck area of 50 square metres or more;isolated lockers and store rooms within accommodation spaces having a deck area of less than 4 square metres in which no flammable liquids are stowed; (L.N. 410 of 1995)sale shops;motion picture projection and film storage rooms;laboratories in which no flammable liquids are stowed;pharmacies;drying rooms having a deck area of less than 4 square metres;operating theatres; (L.N. 410 of 1995)(8) accommodation spaces of greater fire risk are—public spaces which are rooms containing furniture and furnishings of other than restricted fire risk and having a deck area of 50 square metres or more;hairdressing salons and beauty parlours;(9) sanitary and similar spaces are—communal sanitary facilities, showers, baths and water closets;laundry rooms having a deck area of less than 6 square metres;indoor swimming pool areas;pantries containing no cooking appliances and not annexed to galleys;private sanitary facilities shall be considered part of the accommodation space in which they are located; (L.N. 410 of 1995)(10) tanks, voids and auxiliary machinery spaces having little or no fire risk include—water tanks forming part of the ship’s structure;voids and cofferdams;auxiliary machinery spaces which do not contain machinery having a pressure lubricated system and where storage of combustibles is prohibited, such as—a ventilation and air-conditioning room; windlass room; steering gear room; stabilizer equipment room; electrical propulsion motor room; a room containing section switchboards and purely electrical equipment other than oil-filled electrical transformers (above 10kVA); shaft and pipe tunnels; spaces for pumps and refrigeration machinery not using flammable liquids; closed trunks serving the spaces listed in this subregulation; other closed trunks such as pipe and cable trunks;(11) auxiliary machinery spaces, cargo spaces, cargo and other oil tanks and other spaces of moderate fire risk are— (L.N. 410 of 1995)cargo oil tanks;cargo holds, ro/ro cargo spaces, trunkways and hatchways;refrigerated chambers;oil fuel tanks where installed in a separate space with no machinery;shaft and pipe tunnels allowing storage of combustibles;auxiliary machinery spaces specified in Category (10) which contain machinery having a pressure lubricated system or where storage of combustibles is permitted;oil fuel filling stations;spaces containing oil-filled electrical transformers (above 10kVA);spaces containing turbine and reciprocating steam engine driven auxiliary generators and small internal combustion engines of power output up to 110 kilowatts driving generators, sprinkler pumps, drencher pumps or fire pumps, bilge pumps, etc.;

(L.N. 410 of 1995; E.R. 1 of 2022)closed trunks serving the auxiliary machinery spaces listed in this category; (L.N. 410 of 1995)(12) machinery spaces and galleys are—main propelling machinery rooms other than electrical propulsion motor rooms; boiler rooms;auxiliary machinery spaces, other than those in Categories (10) and (11), which contain internal combustion machinery or other oil-burning, heating or pumping units;galleys and annexes;pantries containing cooking appliances;trunks and casings to the spaces listed in this category;(13) store-rooms, workshops and similar spaces are—laundry rooms having a deck area of 6 square metres or more;drying-rooms having a deck area of 4 square metres or more;lockers and store rooms not containing flammable liquids, other than those within accommodation spaces having a deck area of less than 4 square metres;mail and baggage rooms;workshops not part of machinery spaces or galleys;(14) spaces in which flammable liquids are stowed include—lamp rooms;paint rooms;store-rooms containing flammable liquids (including dyes, medicines, or potable spirits);laboratories in which flammable liquids are stowed;(c) for tables 1, 2, 3 and 4 set out in this regulation—(i) where a single value is shown for the fire integrity of a division between 2 spaces, that valve shall apply in all cases;(ii) in determining the applicable fire integrity standard of a division between 2 spaces within a main vertical zone or horizontal zone which is not protected by an automatic sprinkler, fire detection and fire alarm system complying with the provisions of Schedule 7 or between such zones neither of which is so protected, the higher of the 2 values given in the tables shall apply;(iii) in determining the applicable fire integrity standard of a division between 2 spaces within a main vertical zone or horizontal zone which is protected by an automatic sprinkler, fire detection and fire alarm system complying with the provisions of Schedule 7, or between such zones both of which are so protected, the lesser of the 2 values given in the tables shall apply; where a main vertical zone or horizontal zone provided with a sprinkler system and a main vertical or horizontal zone not provided with such a system meet within accommodation and service spaces, the higher of the 2 values given in the tables shall apply to the division between the zones;(iv) where adjacent spaces are in the same numerical category and the superscription “a” appears in the tables, a bulkhead or deck between such spaces need not be fitted if in the opinion of the Director it is unnecessary;(v) where the superscription “b” appears in the tables, the lesser insulation value may be permitted but only if at least one of the adjoining spaces is protected by an automatic sprinkler, fire detection and fire alarm system complying with the provisions of Schedule 7;(vi) where a dash appears in the tables, no special requirements for material or integrity of boundaries are required; and(vii) the Director may, in respect of Category (5) spaces, permit lower standards than the integrity values in table 1 or 2 for the ends of deckhouses and superstructures, and the integrity values in table 3 or 4 for weather decks; the requirements of tables 1, 2, 3 and 4 in respect of Category (5) shall not necessitate enclosure of spaces which, in the opinion of the Director, need not be enclosed; (L.N. 410 of 1995)(d) for tables 2A and 4A set out in this regulation—(i) where a single value is shown for the fire integrity of a division between 2 spaces, that value shall apply in all cases;(ii) where adjacent spaces are in the same numerical category and the superscription “a” appears in the tables, a bulkhead or deck between such spaces need not be fitted if in the opinion of the Director it is unnecessary;(iii) where the superscription “b” appears in the tables, the fire integrity for the ship’s side to the waterline in the lightest seagoing condition, superstructure and deckhouse sides situated below and adjacent to the liferafts and evacuation slides may be reduced to “A-30”;(iv) where the superscription “c” appears in the tables, bulkheads for public toilets which are installed completely within the stairway enclosure can be of “B” Class integrity if such bulkheads are fitted within the stairway enclosure;(v) where a dash appears in the tables, no special requirements for material or integrity of boundaries are required; and(vi) the Director may, in respect of Category (5) spaces, permit lower standards than the integrity values in table 2A for the ends of deckhouses and superstructures, and the integrity values in table 4A for weather decks; the requirements of table 2A or 4A in respect of Category (5) shall not necessitate enclosure of spaces which, in the opinion of the Director, need not be enclosed. (L.N. 410 of 1995)(e)-(i) (Repealed L.N. 410 of 1995)(4) Continuous “B” Class ceilings or linings, in association with the relevant decks or bulkheads, may be accepted as contribution wholly or in part, to the required insulation and integrity of a division.(5) The integrity of “A” Class divisions shall be maintained at the intersections and boundaries of such divisions. Table 1—Bulkheads Bounding Main Vertical Zones or Horizontal Zones in Ships other than Post October 1994 Ships (L.N. 410 of 1995) Spaces (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) Control stations (1) A-60 A-30 A-30 A-0 A-0 A-60 A-60 A-60 A-0 A-0 A-60 A-60 A-60 A-60 Stairways (2) A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-15 A-0 A-30 A-0 A-60 A-15 A-0 A-0 A-30 A-60 A-15 A-0 A-60 Corridors (3) A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-30 A-0 A-30 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-30 A-60 A-15 A-0 A-60 Lifeboat and liferaft handling and embarkation stations (4) － － A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-60 A-0 A-60 Open deck spaces (5) － A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 Accommodation spaces of minor fire risk (6) A-15A-0 A-30A-0 A-30A-0 A-0 A-0 A-15A-0 A-30 A-15A-0 A-30 Accommodation spaces of moderate fire risk (7) A-30A-0 A-60A-15 A-0 A-0 A-30A-0 A-60 A-30A-0 A-60 Accommodation spaces of greater fire risk (8) A-60A-15 A-0 A-0 A-60A-15 A-60 A-30A-0 A-60 Sanitary and similar spaces (9) A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 Tanks, voids and auxiliary machinery spaces having little or no fire risk (10) A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 Auxiliary machinery spaces, cargo spaces, special category spaces, cargo and other oil tanks and other similar spaces of moderate fire risk (11) A-0 A-60 A-0 A-60 Machinery spaces and main galleys (12) A-60 A-30bA-15 A-60 Store-rooms, workshops etc. (13) A-0 A-30 Other spaces in which flammable liquids are stored (14) A-60 Table 2—Bulkheads Not Bounding either Main Vertical Zones or Horizontal Zones in Ships other than Post October 1994 Ships (L.N. 410 of 1995) Spaces (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) Control stations (1) B-0a A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0B-0 A-60 A-60 A-60 A-0 A-0 A-60 A-60 A-60 A-60 Stairways (2) A-0a A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-15 A-0 A-30 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-15 A-30 A-15 A-0 A-30 Corridors (3) C A-0 A-0B-0 B-0 B-15B-0 B-15 B-0 B-0 A-0 A-15 A-30 A-0 A-30 A-0 Lifeboat and liferaft handling and embarkation stations (4) － － A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-15 A-0 A-15 A-0 Open deck spaces (5) － A-0 B-0 A-0 B-0 A-0B-0 A-0 B-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 B-0 A-0 B-0 Accommodation spaces of minor fire risk (6) B-0C B-15C B-15C B-0C A-0 A-15A-0 A-30 A-0 A-30 A-0 Accommodation spaces of moderate fire risk (7) B-15C B-15C B-0C A-0 A-15A-0 A-60 A-15A-0 A-60A-15 Accommodation spaces of greater fire risk (8) B-15C B-0C A-0 A-30A-0 A-60 A-15A-0 A-60A-15 Sanitary and similar spaces (9) C A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 Tanks, voids and auxiliary machinery spaces having little or no fire risk (10) A-0a A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 Auxiliary machinery spaces, cargo spaces, cargo and other oil tanks and other similar spaces of moderate fire risk (11) A-0a A-0 A-0 A-30bA-15 Machinery spaces and main galleys (12) A-0a A-0 A-60 Store-rooms, workshops etc. (13) A-0a A-0 Other spaces in which flammable liquids are stored (14) A-30bA-15 Table 2A—Bulkheads Not Bounding either Main Vertical Zones or Horizontal Zones in Post October 1994 Ships (other than Post-1998 Ships) (L.N. 254 of 2018) Spaces (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) Control stations (1) B-0a A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-60 A-60 A-60 A-0 A-0 A-60 A-60 A-60 A-60 Stairways (2) A-0a A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-15 A-15 A-0c A-0 A-15 A-30 A-15 A-30 Corridors (3) B-15 A-60 A-0 B-15 B-15 B-15 B-15 A-0 A-15 A-30 A-0 A-30 Evacuation stations and external escape routes (4) A-0 A-60b A-60b A-60b A-0 A-0 A-60b A-60b A-60b A-60b Open deck spaces (5) － A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 Accommodation spaces of minor fire risk (6) B-0 B-0 B-0 C A-0 A-0 A-30 A-0 A-30 Accommodation spaces of moderate fire risk (7) B-0 B-0 C A-0 A-15 A-60 A-15 A-60 Accommodation spaces of greater fire risk (8) B-0 C A-0 A-30 A-60 A-15 A-60 Sanitary and similar spaces (9) C A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 Tanks, voids and auxiliary machinery spaces having little or no fire risk (10) A-0a A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 Auxiliary machinery spaces, cargo spaces, cargo and other oil tanks and other similar spaces of moderate fire risk (11) A-0a A-0 A-0 A-15 Machinery spaces and main galleys (12) A-0a A-0 A-60 Store-rooms, workshops, pantries etc. (13) A-0a A-0 Other spaces in which flammable liquids are stowed (14) A-30 (L.N. 410 of 1995) Table 3—Decks Forming Steps in Main Vertical Zones or Bounding Horizontal Zones in Ships other than Post October 1994 Ships (L.N. 410 of 1995) Space below ↓ Space above→ (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) Control stations (1) A-60 A-60 A-30 A-0 A-0 A-15 A-30 A-60 A-0 A-0 A-30 A-60 A-15 A-60 Stairways (2) A-15 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-15A-0 A-15A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-60 A-0 A-60 Corridors (3) A-30 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-15A-0 A-15A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-60 A-0 A-60 Lifeboat and liferaft handling and embarkation stations (4) A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 Open deck spaces (5) A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 Accommodation spaces of minor fire risk (6) A-60 A-30A-0 A-15A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-15A-0 A-30A-0 A-0 A-0 A-15A-0 A-15 A-0 A-15 Accommodation spaces of moderate fire risk (7) A-60 A-60A-15 A-30A-0 A-15A-0 A-0 A-15A-0 A-30A-0 A-60A-15 A-0 A-0 A-30A-0 A-30 A-0 A-30 Accommodation spaces of greater fire risk (8) A-60 A-60A-15 A-60A-15 A-60A-15 A-0 A-30A-0 A-60A-15 A-60A-15 A-0 A-0 A-30A-0 A-60 A-15A-0 A-60 Sanitary and similar spaces (9) A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 Tanks, voids and auxiliary machinery spaces having little or no fire risk (10) A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 Auxiliary machinery spaces, cargo spaces, special category spaces, cargo and other oil tanks and other similar spaces of moderate fire risk (11) A-60 A-60 A-60 A-60 A-0 A-30A-0 A-60A-15 A-60A-15 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-30 A-30bA-30 A-30 Machinery spaces and main galleys (12) A-60 A-60 A-60 A-60 A-0 A-60 A-60 A-60 A-0 A-0 A-60 A-60 A-60 A-60 Store-rooms, workshops etc. (13) A-60 A-60A-15 A-30A-0 A-15 A-0 A-15A-0 A-30A-0 A-60A-15 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-30 A-0 A-30 Other spaces in which flammable liquids are stored (14) A-60 A-60 A-60 A-60 A-0 A-60 A-60 A-60 A-0 A-0 A-60 A-60 A-60 A-60 Table 4—Decks Not Forming Steps in Main Vertical Zones nor Bounding Horizontal Zones in Ships other than Post October 1994 Ships (L.N. 410 of 1995) Space below ↓ Space above → (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) Control stations (1) A-30A-0 A-30A-0 A-15A-0 A-0 A-0B-0 A-0 A-15A-0 A-30A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-60 A-0 A-60A-15 Stairways (2) A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0B-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-30 A-0 A-30A-0 Corridors (3) A-15A-0 A-0 A-0aB-0a A-0 A-0B-0 A-0B-0 A-15B-0 A-15B-0 A-0B-0 A-0 A-0 A-30 A-0 A-30A-0 Lifeboat and liferaft handling and embarkation stations (4) A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 － A-0B-0 A-0B-0 A-0B-0 A-0B-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 Open deck spaces (5) A-0 A-0 A-0B-0 A-0 － A-0B-0 A-0B-0 A-0B-0 A-0B-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0B-0 A-0 Accommodation spaces of minor fire risk (6) A-60 A-15A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0B-0 A-0B-0 A-0B-0 A-0B-0 A-0B-0 A-0 A-0 A-15A-0 A-0 A-15A-0 Accommodation spaces of moderate fire risk (7) A-60 A-30A-0 A-15A-0 A-15A-0 A-0B-0 A-0B-0 A-15B-0 A-30B-0 A-0B-0 A-0 A-15A-0 A-30A-0 A-0 A-30A-0 Accommodation spaces of greater fire risk (8) A-60 A-60A-15 A-60A-0 A-30A-0 A-0B-0 A-15B-0 A-30B-0 A-60B-0 A-0B-0 A-0 A-30A-0 A-30A-0 A-0 A-30A-0 Sanitary and similar spaces (9) A-0 A-0 A-0B-0 A-0 A-0B-0 A-0B-0 A-0B-0 A-0B-0 A-0B-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 Tanks, voids and auxiliary machinery spaces having little or no fire risk (10) A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0a A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 Auxiliary machinery spaces, cargo spaces, cargo and other oil tanks and other similar spaces of moderate fire risk (11) A-60 A-60A-15 A-60A-15 A-30A-0 A-0 A-0 A-15A-0 A-30A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0a A-0 A-0 A-30bA-15 Machinery spaces and main galleys (12) A-60 A-60 A-60 A-60 A-0 A-60 A-60 A-60 A-0 A-0 A-30 A-30a A-0 A-60 Store-rooms, workshops etc. (13) A-60 A-30A-0 A-15A-0 A-15A-0 A-0B-0 A-15A-0 A-30A-0 A-30A-0 A-0B-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-15bA-0 Other spaces in which flammable liquids are stored (14) A-60 A-60A-30 A-60A-30 A-60 A-0 A-30A-0 A-60B-15 A-60B-15 A-0 A-0 A-30bA-0 A-30bA-0 A-0 A-30bA-0 Table 4A—Decks Not Forming Steps in Main Vertical Zones nor Bounding Horizontal Zones in Post October 1994 Ships Spaces (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) Control stations (1) A-30 A-30 A-15 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-15 A-30 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-60 A-0 A-60 Stairways (2) A-0 A-0 － A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-30 A-0 A-30 Corridors (3) A-15 A-0 A-0a A-60 A-0 A-0 A-15 A-15 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-30 A-0 A-30 Evacuation stations and external escape routes (4) A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 － A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 Open deck spaces (5) A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 － A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 Accommodation spaces of minor fire risk (6) A-60 A-15 A-0 A-60 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 Accommodation spaces of moderate fire risk (7) A-60 A-15 A-15 A-60 A-0 A-0 A-15 A-15 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 Accommodation spaces of greater fire risk (8) A-60 A-15 A-15 A-60 A-0 A-15 A-15 A-30 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 Sanitary and similar spaces (9) A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 Tanks, voids and auxiliary machinery spaces having little or no fire risk (10) A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0a A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 Auxiliary machinery spaces, cargo spaces, cargo and other oil tanks and other similar spaces of moderate fire risk (11) A-60 A-60 A-60 A-60 A-0 A-0 A-15 A-30 A-0 A-0 A-0a A-0 A-0 A-30 Machinery spaces and main galleys (12) A-60 A-60 A-60 A-60 A-0 A-60 A-60 A-60 A-0 A-0 A-30 A-30a A-0 A-60 Store-rooms, workshops, pantries etc. (13) A-60 A-30 A-15 A-60 A-0 A-15 A-30 A-30 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 Other spaces in which flammable liquids are stowed (14) A-60 A-60 A-60 A-60 A-0 A-30 A-60 A-60 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 (L.N. 410 of 1995) 79. Protection of stairways and lifts in accommodation and service spaces (1) All stairways shall be of steel frame construction, except where the Director may approve the use of other equivalent material, and shall be within enclosures formed of “A” Class divisions, except that—(a) an isolated stairway connecting only 2 decks need not be enclosed on both decks provided that the integrity of the deck is maintained by bulkheads or doors at one between-deck space; when a stairway is closed at one between-deck space, the stairway enclosure shall have the same integrity standard as is required by the tables at the end of regulation 78 for the deck which separates the between-deck spaces; and(b) stairways may be fitted within the open part of a public space, provided that they lie wholly within such public space.(2) Every opening in a stairway enclosure shall be provided with a means of closure which shall be permanently attached thereto.(3) In a ship other than a post October 1994 ship, every stairway enclosure shall have direct communication with the corridors and be of sufficient area to prevent congestion, having regard to the number of persons likely to use it in an emergency. In so far as practicable, stairway enclosures shall not give direct access to cabins, service lockers, or other enclosed spaces containing combustibles in which a fire is likely to originate. (L.N. 410 of 1995)(3A) In a post October 1994 ship, every stairway enclosure shall have direct access with the corridors and be of a sufficient area to prevent congestion, having regard to the number of persons likely to use it in an emergency. Within the perimeter of such stairway enclosures, only public toilets, lockers of non-combustible material providing storage for safety equipment and open information counters are permitted. Only public spaces, corridors, public toilets, special category spaces, other escape stairways required by regulation 76(2)(c) of the Merchant Shipping (Safety) (Passenger Ship Construction and Survey) (Ships Built On or After 1 September 1984) Regulations (Cap. 369 sub. leg. AM) and external areas are permitted to have direct access to these stairway enclosures. (L.N. 410 of 1995; E.R. 1 of 2022)(3B) (a) Every ship other than a post October 1994 ship shall comply with the requirements of this subregulation not later than 1 October 1997.(b) Only public toilets, lifts, lockers of non-combustible materials providing storage of safety equipment and open information counters may be located within the stairway enclosure boundaries. Other existing spaces within the stairway enclosure—(i) shall be emptied, permanently closed and disconnected from the electrical system; or(ii) shall be separated from the stairway enclosure by the provision of “A” Class divisions in accordance with regulation 78. Such spaces may have direct access to stairway enclosures by the provision of “A” Class doors in accordance with regulation 78, and subject to a sprinkler system being provided in these spaces. However, cabins shall not directly open into the stairway enclosure.(c) Spaces other than public spaces, corridors, public toilets, special category spaces, other stairways required by regulation 110(2)(c), open deck spaces and spaces covered by paragraph (b)(ii) are not permitted to have direct access to stairway enclosures.(d) Existing machinery spaces of Category (10) described in regulation 78(3)(b) and existing back offices for information counters which open directly into the stairway enclosure may be retained, provided that they are protected by smoke detectors and that back offices for information counters contain only furniture of restricted fire risk.(e) Furniture in stairway enclosures shall be limited to seating. It shall be fixed, limited to 6 seats on each deck in each stairway enclosure, be of restricted fire risk, and shall not restrict the passenger escape route. The Director may permit additional seating in the main reception area within stairway enclosures, if it is fixed, non-combustible, and does not restrict the passenger escape route. Furniture shall not be permitted in passenger and crew corridors forming escape routes in cabin areas. In addition to the above, lockers of non-combustible material, providing storage for safety equipment required by regulations, may be permitted. (L.N. 410 of 1995)(4) Every lift trunk shall be so fitted as to prevent the passage of smoke and flame from one between-deck to another and shall be provided with means of closing so as to permit the control of draught and smoke. 80. Openings in “A” Class divisions (1) Where an “A” Class division is pierced for the passage of electric cables, pipes, trunks, girders, beams or for other purposes, the arrangements shall be such that the effectiveness of the division in resisting fire is not thereby impaired except as provided in subregulation (7).(2) Where ventilation ducts pass through “A” Class divisions the requirements of regulation 82 shall apply.(3) Except for hatches between special category spaces or ro/ro cargo spaces within a single horizontal zone, or hatches between cargo spaces or stores or baggage spaces, and hatches between such spaces and the weather decks, every opening shall be provided with permanently attached means of closing which shall be at least as effective for resisting fire as the division in which it is fitted.(4) Every door and door frame in an “A” Class division shall be constructed of steel or other equivalent material and the means of securing the door when closed shall provide resistance to fire as well as to the passage of smoke and flame, as far as practicable, equivalent to that of the bulkhead in which the door is situated: provided that a watertight door shall not be required to be insulated.(5) Any door in such a division shall be so constructed that it can be opened and closed by one person from either side of the division.(6) In a ship other than a post October 1994 ship, every door in a division constructed in compliance with regulations 76(1) and 79(1), except a watertight door or one which is normally locked shut, shall be self-closing and capable of closing against an adverse inclination of up to 3 1/2 degrees. The speed of door closure shall be controlled so as to prevent undue danger to personnel. All such doors which are held in the open position shall be capable of release from a control station, either simultaneously or in groups, and also individually from a position at the door. The release mechanism shall be so designed that the door will automatically close in the event of disruption of the control system; except that this requirement shall not apply to a watertight door. Hold-back hooks, not subject to control station release, are not permitted. (L.N. 410 of 1995)(6A) (a) Every ship other than a post October 1994 ship shall comply with the requirements of this subregulation.(b) Hinged fire doors in galley boundaries which are normally kept open shall be self-closing and be capable of release from a central control station and from a position at the door not later than 1 October 1997.(c) All other fire doors in galley boundaries which are normally kept open shall be capable of release from a central control station and from a position at the door not later than 1 October 2000.(d) A panel shall be placed in a continuously manned central control station, not later than 1 October 1997, to indicate whether the fire doors on stairway enclosures, main vertical zone bulkheads and galley boundaries are closed. (L.N. 410 of 1995)(6B) (a) Every post October 1994 ship (other than a post-1998 ship) must comply with the requirements of this subregulation. (L.N. 254 of 2018)(b) Fire doors in main vertical zone bulkheads and stairway enclosures shall satisfy the following requirements—(i) the doors shall be self-closing and be capable of closing with an angle of inclination of up to 3.5 degrees opposing closure, and shall have an approximately uniform rate of closure of no more than 40 seconds and no less than 10 seconds with the ship in the upright position;(ii) remote-controlled sliding or power-operated doors shall be equipped with an alarm that sounds at least 5 seconds but no more than 10 seconds before the door begins to move and continue sounding until the door is completely closed. Doors designed to reopen upon contacting an object in its path shall reopen sufficiently to allow a clear passage of at least 0.75 metre, but no more than 1 metre;(iii) all doors shall be capable of remote and automatic release from a continuously manned central control station, either simultaneously or in groups, and also individually from a position at both sides of the door. Indication must be provided at the fire control panel in the continuously manned central control station whether each of the remote-controlled doors are closed. The release mechanism shall be so designed that the door will automatically close in the event of disruption of the control system or central power supply. Release switches shall have an on-off function to prevent automatic resetting of the system. Hold-back hooks not subject to central control station release are prohibited;(iv) local power accumulators for power-operated doors shall be provided in the immediate vicinity of the doors to enable the doors to be operated at least 10 times (fully opened and closed) using the local controls;(v) double-leaf doors equipped with a latch necessary to their fire integrity shall have a latch that is automatically activated by the operation of the doors when released by the system; and(vi) doors giving direct access to special category spaces which are power-operated and automatically closed need not be equipped with alarms and remote-release mechanisms required in subparagraphs (ii) and (iii). (L.N. 410 of 1995)(6C) A post-1998 ship must comply with the operational requirements on fire doors specified in regulation 30.4 of specified Chapter II-2. (L.N. 254 of 2018)(7) Where a space is protected by an automatic sprinkler, fire detection and fire alarm system complying with the provisions of Schedule 7, or fitted with a continuous “B” Class ceiling, the closing of openings in decks not forming steps in main vertical zones or bounding horizontal zones shall be reasonably tight and such decks shall meet the “A” Class integrity requirements in so far as is reasonable and practicable in the opinion of the Director.(8) The requirements for “A” Class integrity of the outer boundaries of a ship shall not apply to glass partitions, windows and sidescuttles, provided that there is no requirement to have “A” Class integrity in regulation 83(3). For a pre-1998 ship, the requirements for “A” Class integrity shall not apply to exterior doors in superstructures and deckhouses, except that doors opening on to lifeboat and liferaft handling and embarkation areas shall be of such construction as to protect these areas from a space having a potential fire hazard. For a post-1998 ship, the requirements for “A” Class integrity do not apply to exterior doors except the doors referred to in regulation 30.6 of specified Chapter II-2. (L.N. 410 of 1995; L.N. 254 of 2018)(9) Subregulation (7) shall not apply to post October 1994 ships. (L.N. 410 of 1995)(10) In every post October 1994 ship, all “A” Class doors located in stairways, public spaces and main vertical zone bulkheads in escape routes shall be equipped with a self-closing hose port of material, construction and fire resistance which is equivalent to the door into which it is fitted, and shall be a 150 millimetres square clear opening with the door closed and shall be inset into the lower edge of the door, opposite the door hinges, or in the case of sliding doors, nearest the opening. (L.N. 410 of 1995) 81. Openings in “B” Class divisions (1) Where a “B” Class division is pierced for the passage of electric cables, pipes, trunks, girders, beams or for other purposes the arrangements shall be such that the effectiveness of the division in resisting fire is not thereby impaired except as provided in subregulation (4). Where ventilation ducts pass through “B” Class divisions the requirements of regulation 82(11) shall apply.(2) In every ship other than a post October 1994 ship, doors and door frames in “B” Class divisions and the means of securing them shall provide a method of closure which shall have resistance to fire as far as practicable equivalent to the division, except that ventilation openings may be permitted in the lower portion of such doors. Where such opening is in or under a door, the total net area of any such opening or openings shall not exceed 0.05 square metre. When such opening is cut in a door, it shall be fitted with a grille made of steel and shall be capable of being manually closed from each side of the door. Doors shall be non-combustible. (L.N. 410 of 1995)(2A) In every post October 1994 ship, doors and door frames in “B” Class divisions and means of securing them shall provide a method of closure which shall have resistance to fire equivalent to that of the division* except that ventilation openings may be permitted in the lower portion of such doors. Where such opening is in or under a door, the total net area of any such opening or openings shall not exceed 0.05 square metre. When such opening is cut in a door, it shall be fitted with a grille made of steel and shall be capable of being manually closed from each side of the door. Doors shall be non-combustible. (L.N. 410 of 1995)(3) The requirements for “B” Class integrity of the outer boundaries of a ship shall not apply to glass partitions, windows and sidescuttles subject to the requirements of regulation 83. The requirements for “B” Class integrity shall not apply to exterior doors in superstructures and deckhouses, except that doors opening on to lifeboat and liferaft handling and embarkation areas shall be of such construction as to protect these areas from a space having a potential fire hazard.(4) Where an automatic sprinkler, fire detection and fire alarm system complying with the provisions of Schedule 7 is fitted—(a) the closing of openings in decks need only meet the “B” Class integrity requirements in so far as is reasonable and practicable;(b) openings in corridor bulkheads of “B” Class materials shall be protected in accordance with the provisions of regulation 77.(5) Subregulation (4) shall not apply to post October 1994 ships. (L.N. 410 of 1995)(6) In every post October 1994 ship, cabin doors in “B” Class divisions shall be of a self-closing type. Hold-back hooks are not permitted. (L.N. 410 of 1995) * This refers to the Recommendation on Fire Test Procedures for “A”, “B” and “F” Class divisions, adopted by Resolution A.754(18). 82. Ventilation systems (1) Wherever practicable the system of ducts leading from each ventilation fan shall be within one main vertical or horizontal zone.(2) Where, of necessity, a ventilation duct passes through a main vertical zone bulkhead, a fail-safe automatic closing fire damper shall be fitted adjacent to the bulkhead. The damper shall also be capable of being manually closed from each side of the bulkhead. The operating position shall be readily accessible and marked in a red light-reflecting colour. The duct between the bulkhead and the damper shall be of steel or other equivalent material and be insulated to a standard to comply with regulation 80(1). The damper shall be fitted with a visible indicator at each operating position showing whether the damper is in the open or shut position.(2A) Every ship other than a post October 1994 ship shall comply with the following requirements—(a) fail-safe automatic closing fire dampers with manual operation from within the enclosure shall be fitted, not later than 1 October 2000, to all ventilation ducts serving both accommodation and service spaces and stairway enclosures where they pierce such enclosures; and(b) ventilation ducts passing through a main vertical zone bulkhead without serving spaces on both sides or passing through a stairway enclosure without serving that enclosure need not be fitted with fire dampers provided that the ducts are constructed and insulated to “A-60” standard and have no openings within the stairway enclosure or in the trunk on the side which is not directly served. (L.N. 410 of 1995)(3) Where ventilation systems penetrate decks precautions shall be taken, in addition to those relating to the fire integrity of the decks required by regulation 80(1), to reduce the likelihood of smoke and hot gases passing from one between-deck space to another through the system. In addition to insulation requirements contained in this regulation, vertical ducts shall be insulated as required by the tables at the end of regulation 78.(4) In every ship other than a post October 1994 ship, ducts serving a stairway enclosure shall be taken from the fan room independently of other ducts in the ventilation system and shall not serve any other space. (L.N. 410 of 1995)(4A) In every post October 1994 ship, stairway enclosures shall be ventilated and shall be served only by an independent fan and duct system which shall not serve any other spaces in the ventilation system. (L.N. 410 of 1995)(5) There shall be provided for every control station situated below deck, other than a control station situated in the machinery space, means to ensure ventilation, visibility and freedom from smoke within it so that, in the event of a fire in the ship, the equipment it contains may be operated effectively. Unless a control station is situated on, and has access to, an open deck or is provided with local closing arrangements equally effective to maintain ventilation, visibility and freedom from smoke in the event of a fire in the ship, there shall be provided at least 2 entirely separate means of supplying air to such control stations and the air inlets to these sources of supply shall be so situated that the risk of both drawing in smoke simultaneously is, as far practicable, eliminated.(6) Ventilation ducts except those in cargo spaces, shall be constructed as follows—(a) ducts not less than 0.075 square metre in sectional area and all vertical ducts serving more than a single between-deck space shall be constructed of steel or other equivalent material;(b) subject to the requirements of paragraph (c) and of subregulations (8) and (9), ducts of less than 0.075 square metre in sectional area other than vertical ducts referred to in paragraph (a) shall be constructed of non-combustible materials; where such ducts penetrate “A” Class divisions or “B” Class divisions the fire integrity of such divisions shall be maintained; and(c) ducts, not exceeding 0.02 square metre in sectional area nor 2 metres in length, need not be non-combustible provided that the following conditions are satisfied—(i) the ducts are constructed of— (L.N. 254 of 2018)(A) for a pre-1998 ship—suitable material having regard to the risk of fire; or(B) for a post-1998 ship—material with low flame spread characteristics; (L.N. 254 of 2018)(ii) the ducts are used only at the terminal ends of the ventilation system; and(iii) the ducts are not located closer than 0.6 metre along their lengths to penetrations of “A” Class divisions or “B” Class divisions.(7) Ducts provided for the ventilation of machinery spaces of Category A, galleys, ro/ro cargo spaces or special category spaces shall not pass through accommodation spaces, service spaces or control stations unless the ducts are either—(a) (i) constructed of steel having a thickness of at least 3 millimetres and 5 millimetres for ducts the widths or diameters of which are up to and including 300 millimetres and 760 millimetres and over respectively and, in the case of such ducts, the widths or diameters of which are between 300 and 760 millimetres having a thickness to be obtained by interpolation; and(ii) suitably supported and stiffened; and(iii) fitted close to the boundaries penetrated with automatic fail-safe fire dampers, which are also capable of being closed manually; and(iv) insulated to “A-60” standard from the machinery space, galley, ro/ro cargo space or special category space to a point at least 5 metres beyond each fire damper; or(b) (i) constructed of steel in accordance with paragraph (a)(i) and (ii); and(ii) insulated to “A-60” standard throughout the accommodation spaces, service spaces or control stations;except that penetrations of main zone bulkheads and decks shall comply with the requirements of subregulation (2).(8) Ducts providing ventilation to accommodation spaces, service spaces or control stations shall not pass through machinery spaces of Category A, galleys, ro/ro cargo spaces or special category spaces unless either—(a) (i) the ducts where they pass through a machinery space of Category A, galley, ro/ro cargo space or special category space are constructed of steel in accordance with subregulation (7)(a)(i) and (ii); and(ii) automatic fail-safe fire dampers, which are also capable of being closed manually, are fitted close to the boundaries penetrated; and(iii) the integrity of the boundaries of the machinery space, galley, ro/ro cargo space or special category space is maintained at the penetrations; or(b) (i) the ducts where they pass through a machinery space of Category A, galley, ro/ro cargo space or special category space are constructed of steel in accordance with subregulation (7)(a)(i) and (ii); and(ii) the ducts are insulated to “A-60” standard within the machinery space, galley, ro/ro cargo space or special category space;except that penetrations of main zone bulkheads and decks shall comply with the requirements of subregulation (2).(9) In every ship other than a post October 1994 ship, exhaust ducts from galley ranges, where they pass through accommodation spaces or spaces containing combustible materials, shall be constructed of “A” Class divisions. Every such exhaust duct shall be fitted with— (L.N. 410 of 1995)(a) a grease trap readily removable for cleaning;(b) an automatic fail-safe fire damper located in the lower end of the duct;(c) arrangements, operable from within the galley, for shutting off the exhaust fan;(d) a fixed means of extinguishing a fire within the duct using either carbon dioxide or a water spray system; and(e) every exhaust duct from galley ranges shall be fitted with suitably located hatches for inspection and cleaning not later than 1 October 1997. (L.N. 410 of 1995)In addition to complying with paragraph (b), galley ventilation ducts shall also comply with subregulation (7).(9A) In every post October 1994 ship, exhaust ducts from galley ranges, where they pass through accommodation spaces or spaces containing combustible materials, shall meet requirements of regulation 98(7)(b) and shall be fitted with—(a) a grease trap readily removable for cleaning unless an alternative approved grease removal system is fitted;(b) a fire damper located in the lower end of the duct which is automatically and remotely operated, and in addition a remotely operated fire damper located in the upper end of the duct;(c) a fixed means for extinguishing a fire within the duct;(d) remote control arrangements for shutting off the exhaust fans and supply fans, for operating the fire dampers mentioned in paragraph (b) and for operating the fire-extinguishing system, which shall be placed in a position close to the entrance to the galley. Where a multi-branch system is installed, means shall be provided to close all branches exhausting through the same main duct before an extinguishing medium is released into the system; and(e) suitably located hatches for inspection and cleaning. (L.N. 410 of 1995)(10) Where a ventilation duct of sectional area exceeding 0.02 square metre passes through an “A” Class bulkhead or deck, the opening in the bulkhead or deck shall be lined with a steel sleeve unless the duct, where it passes through the bulkhead or deck, is constructed of steel. At the penetration the sleeve or duct shall comply with the following specification—(a) the duct or sleeve shall have a thickness of at least 3 millimetres over a length of 900 millimetres and as far as possible one half of that length shall be on each side of the bulkhead or deck; the duct or sleeve shall be insulated so as to maintain the standard of fire integrity of the bulkhead or deck; and(b) every duct shall be fitted with a fire damper which is capable of being closed manually from each side of the division, unless the Director determines otherwise; in every duct of sectional area exceeding 0.075 square metre the fire damper shall also operate automatically; the operating position shall be readily accessible and be marked in red light-reflecting colour; the damper shall be fitted with a visible indicator showing whether the damper is in the open or shut position; fire dampers are not required, however, where ducts pass through spaces surrounded by “A” Class divisions without serving those spaces, provided that those ducts have the same fire integrity and insulation value as the divisions which they pierce; where divisions have differing “A” Class standards the ducts shall be of the higher standard.(11) Where a ventilation duct of sectional area exceeding 0.02 square metre passes through a “B” Class division, the opening shall be lined with a steel sleeve of 900 millimetres in length unless the duct, where it passes through the division, is constructed of steel. One half of this length shall as far as possible be on each side of the division.(12) In every post January 1994 ship, where a public space spans 3 or more decks by means of permanent openings and contains combustibles (such as furniture) and enclosed spaces (such as shops, offices and restaurants), the space shall be equipped with a smoke extraction system; and—(a) the smoke extraction system shall—(i) be activated by operation of the smoke detection system required by regulation 10(8); and(ii) be capable of being manually controlled; and(b) the size of the fan or fans shall be such that the entire volume within the space can be exhausted in not more than 10 minutes. (L.N. 410 of 1995)(13) In every post October 1994 ship, ventilation ducts shall be provided with suitably located hatches for inspection and cleaning, where reasonable and practicable. (L.N. 410 of 1995) 83. Windows and sidescuttles (1) All windows and sidescuttles in bulkheads within accommodation and service spaces and control stations other than those to which regulations 80(8) and 81(3) apply, shall be constructed so as to preserve the integrity requirements of the type of bulkheads in which they are fitted.(2) In every ship other than a post October 1994 ship, notwithstanding the requirements of the tables set out at the end of regulation 78 the following shall apply— (L.N. 410 of 1995)(a) all windows and sidescuttles in bulkheads separating accommodation and service spaces and control stations from weather shall be constructed with frames of steel or other suitable materials; the glass shall be retained by a metal glazing bead or angle; and(b) the fire integrity of windows facing open or enclosed lifeboat and liferaft embarkation areas and of windows situated below such areas in such a position that their failure during a fire would impede the launching of, or embarkation into, lifeboats or liferafts shall be such that any potential fire hazard is kept to a minimum.(3) In every post October 1994 ship, notwithstanding the requirements of the tables set out at the end of regulation 78, the following shall apply—(a) all windows and sidescuttles in bulkheads separating accommodation and service spaces and control stations from weather shall be constructed with frames of steel or other suitable material. The glass shall be retained by a metal glazing bead or angle; and(b) windows facing life-saving appliances, embarkation and muster areas, external stairs and open decks used for escape routes, and windows situated below liferaft and escape slide embarkation areas shall have the fire integrity as required in the tables set out in regulation 78. Where automatic dedicated sprinkler heads are provided for windows, “A-0” windows may be accepted as equivalent. Windows located in the ship’s side below the lifeboat embarkation areas shall have the fire integrity at least equal to “A-0” Class. (L.N. 410 of 1995; E.R. 1 of 2022) 84. Restriction of combustible materials (1) The following surfaces shall be such that a surface spread of flame of Class 1 will not be exceeded—(a) exposed surfaces in corridors and stairway enclosures; and(b) within all accommodation spaces, service spaces and control stations—(i) bulkheads, wall and ceiling linings; and(ii) concealed or inaccessible spaces.(2) Within accommodation spaces, service spaces and control stations the following shall apply—(a) the total volume of combustible facings, mouldings, decorations and veneers shall not exceed a volume equivalent to 2.5 millimetres of veneer on the combined area of walls and ceilings; in the case of ships fitted with an automatic sprinkler, fire alarm and fire detection system complying with the provisions of Schedule 7 the above volume may include some combustible material used for the erection of “C” Class divisions;(b) veneers used on surfaces and linings to which subregulation (1) applies shall not have a gross calorific potential exceeding 45 megajoules per square metre of surface area for the thickness used as measured in accordance with the method specified in International Standard ISO 1716-1973 (E), or with any International or British Standard replacing the same which the Director considers relevant from time to time and specifies in a Merchant Shipping Notice;(c) furniture in the corridors and stairway enclosures shall be kept to a minimum;(ca) in every post October 1994 ship, furniture in stairway enclosures shall be limited to seating. It shall be fixed, limited to 6 seats on each deck in each stairway enclosure, be of restricted fire risk, and shall not restrict the passenger escape route. The Director may permit additional seating in the main reception area within a stairway enclosure if it is fixed, non-combustible and does not restrict the passenger escape route. Furniture shall not be permitted in passenger and crew corridors forming escape routes in cabin areas. In addition to the above, lockers of non-combustible material, providing storage for safety equipment required by these regulations, may be permitted; (L.N. 410 of 1995)(d) in a pre-1998 ship, primary deck coverings shall be of approved material which will not readily ignite or give rise to toxic or explosive hazards at elevated temperatures; (L.N. 254 of 2018)(da) in a post-1998 ship, primary deck coverings referred to in regulation 34.8 of specified Chapter II-2 must be of material approved by the Administration in accordance with the Fire Test Procedures Code; and (L.N. 254 of 2018)(e) waste paper receptacles shall be constructed of non-combustible materials and with solid sides and bottoms.(3) Within accommodation spaces, service spaces, control stations and machinery spaces the following shall apply—(a) all ceilings, linings, draught stops and insulating materials shall be of non-combustible materials except in respect of—(i) mail rooms and baggage rooms;(ii) materials used to insulate refrigerated compartments;(iii) materials used to insulate valves associated with hot and cold service systems provided that their exposed surfaces are such that a surface spread of flame of Class 1 will not be exceeded; (L.N. 254 of 2018)(iv) for a pre-1998 ship—vapour barriers and adhesives used in conjunction with insulating materials, if their exposed surfaces are such that a surface spread of flame of Class 1 will not be exceeded; and (L.N. 254 of 2018)(v) for a post-1998 ship—vapour barriers and adhesives used in conjunction with insulation, and insulation of pipe fittings, for cold service systems provided that—(A) their quantity is kept to the minimum; and(B) the material of their exposed surfaces is of low flame spread characteristics; and (L.N. 254 of 2018)(b) paints, varnishes and other finishes used on exposed interior surfaces— (L.N. 254 of 2018)(i) for a pre-1998 ship—must not be capable of producing excessive quantities of smoke and toxic products; or(ii) for a post-1998 ship—must comply with the requirements specified in regulation 34.7 of specified Chapter II-2. (L.N. 254 of 2018) 85.

Miscellaneous items of fire protection (1) The following provisions shall apply to all parts of the ship—(a) any pipe which penetrates an “A” Class division or “B” Class division shall be of suitable material having regard to the temperature such divisions are required to withstand;(b) pipes intended for oil or other flammable liquids shall be of suitable material having regard to the risk of fire;(c) overboard scuppers, sanitary discharges or other outlets close to or below the waterline shall not be of a material likely to fail in the event of fire and thereby give rise to a danger of flooding; and(d) in spaces where penetration of oil products is possible the exposed surface of insulation shall be impervious to oil or oil vapours.(2) The following provisions shall apply to the accommodation spaces, service spaces, and control stations—(a) every air space enclosed behind a ceiling, panel or lining, shall be divided longitudinally and transversely by close fitting draught stops which shall be spaced not more than 14 metres apart and shall be closed at each deck;(b) every ceiling and lining shall be so constructed as to enable a fire patrol to detect any smoke originating in a concealed or inaccessible space without impairing the efficiency of the fire protection of the ship; the Director may exempt any ship from the requirement of this regulation if he is satisfied that there is no risk of fire originating in such a space;(c) electric space heaters shall be fixed in position and shall be so constructed as to reduce risk of fire to a minimum; no such heater shall be fitted with an element so exposed that clothing, curtains or similar materials can be scorched or set on fire by heat from the element;(d) cellulose-nitrate film shall not be used for cinematograph installations. 86. Fixed fire detection and fire alarm systems and automatic sprinkler, fire detection and fire alarm systems (1) In every ship other than a post October 1994 ship there shall be installed in all accommodation spaces, service spaces and control stations throughout each separate main vertical zone or, if a main vertical zone is divided horizontally in accordance with regulation 76(3) into parts, throughout each part vertical zone either— (L.N. 410 of 1995)(a) (i) an automatic sprinkler, fire detection and fire alarm system of an approved type complying with the requirements specified in Schedule 7 and so arranged as to protect all such spaces in the ship; and(ii) in a ship the keel of which was laid or which was at a similar stage of construction on or after 1 July 1986 a fixed fire detection and fire alarm system of an approved type complying with the requirements of Schedule 11 so installed and arranged as to provide smoke detection in corridors, stairways and escape routes within the accommodation spaces; or(b) a fixed fire detection and fire alarm system of an approved type complying with the requirements specified in Schedule 11 and so arranged as to detect the presence or the signs of a fire and its location in any spaces.(1A) Every post October 1994 ship shall be equipped with an automatic sprinkler, fire detection and fire alarm system of an approved type complying with the requirements of Schedule 7, or the guidelines developed by the International Maritime Organization for an approved equivalent sprinkler system in all service spaces, control stations and accommodation spaces, including corridors and stairways. Alternatively, control stations where water may cause damage to essential equipment may be fitted with an approved fixed fire-extinguishing system of another type. A fixed fire detection and fire alarm system of an approved type shall be installed, complying with the requirements of Schedule 11 so installed and arranged as to provide smoke detection in service spaces, control stations and accommodation spaces, including corridors and stairways. Smoke detectors need not be fitted in private bathrooms and galleys. Spaces having little or no fire risk such as voids, public toilets and similar spaces need not be fitted with an automatic sprinkler system, or fixed fire detection and fire alarm system. (L.N. 410 of 1995)(2) The Director may exempt any ship from the requirements of subregulations (1) and (1A) in respect of— (L.N. 410 of 1995)(a) any spaces which afford no substantial fire risk; or(b) any control station.(3) In a post January 1994 ship, where a public space spans 3 or more decks by means of permanent openings and contains combustibles (such as furniture) and enclosed spaces (such as shops, offices and restaurants), the entire main vertical zone containing the space shall be protected throughout with an automatic sprinkler, fire detection and fire alarm system complying with the requirements specified in Schedule 7. (L.N. 410 of 1995)(4) In every ship other than a post October 1994 ship, all accommodation and service spaces, stairway enclosures and corridors shall be equipped with—(a) a smoke detection and alarm system of an approved type and complying with the requirements of Schedule 11 not later than 1 October 1997. Such system need not be fitted in private bathrooms, and spaces having little or no fire risk such as voids and similar spaces. Detectors operated by heat instead of smoke shall be installed in galleys; and(b) an automatic sprinkler, fire detection and fire alarm system complying with the requirements of Schedule 7 or the guidelines developed by the International Maritime Organization for an approved equivalent sprinkler system not later than 1 October 2005 or 15 years after the date of construction of the ships, whichever is later. (L.N. 410 of 1995) 87. Protection of special category spaces and ro/ro cargo spaces The following provisions shall apply to special category spaces and ro/ro cargo spaces whether above or below the bulkhead deck— (E.R. 1 of 2022)(a) if it is not practicable to divide such spaces into main vertical zones, equivalent protection shall be obtained by dividing such spaces into horizontal zones; such a horizontal zone for the purpose of this regulation may include special category spaces or ro/ro cargo spaces on more than one deck provided that the total overall clear height for vehicles does not exceed 10 metres; (L.N. 410 of 1995)(aa) in a ship other than a post October 1994 ship, the bulkheads and decks forming the boundaries of such a horizontal zone shall be insulated respectively as required for Category (11) spaces in tables 1 and 3 at the end of regulation 78; (L.N. 410 of 1995)(ab) in a post October 1994 ship, the bulkheads and decks forming the boundaries of special category spaces shall be insulated to “A-60” Class standard. However, where a space classified in regulation 78(3)(b) as Category (5), (9) or (10) space is on one side of the division the standard may be reduced to “A-0”; (L.N. 410 of 1995; E.R. 1 of 2022)(ac) in a post-1998 ship, if a space containing fuel oil tanks is located below a special category space, the integrity of the deck between the spaces may be reduced to “A-0” standard; (L.N. 254 of 2018)(b) the requirements of regulations 80 and 82 for maintaining the integrity of vertical zones shall apply to bulkheads and decks forming the boundaries separating horizontal zones from each other and from the remainder of the ship;(c) a fixed pressure water spraying system complying with the requirements specified in Schedule 9 shall be provided;(d) indicators shall be provided on the navigating bridge which shall show when any access fire door in the boundary of a special category space or ro/ro cargo space is closed; and(e) the outlet from any exhaust ventilation duct shall be sited in a safe position having regard to possible sources of ignition; ventilation ducts, including dampers, shall be of steel and arrangements shall be provided to permit a rapid shut-down and effective closure of the ventilation system in case of fire. 88. Protection of cargo spaces, other than special category spaces and ro/ro cargo spaces, intended for the carriage of motor vehicles with fuel in their tanks for their own propulsion In every ship the following provisions shall apply to any cargo space, other than a special category space or ro/ro cargo space, containing motor vehicles with fuel in their tanks for their own propulsion—(a) a fixed fire detection and fire alarm system of an approved type complying with the requirements specified in Schedule 11 or a sample extraction smoke detection system complying with Schedule 12 shall be provided;(b) a fixed pressure water spraying system complying with the requirements specified in Schedule 9 or a fixed gas fire extinguishing system complying with the requirements specified in Schedule 10 shall be provided; and(c) the outlet from any exhaust ventilation duct shall be sited in a safe position having regard to possible sources of ignition; ventilation ducts; including dampers, shall be of steel. 88A. Protection of certain cargo spaces: post-1998 ships (1) This regulation applies to a post-1998 ship.(2) The cargo space of a ship intended for carrying motor vehicles with fuel in their tanks must comply with the applicable requirements on permanent openings specified in regulation 38.5 of specified Chapter II-2.(3) The ro/ro cargo space of a ship must comply with the applicable requirements on the structural protection specified in regulation 38-1.1 of specified Chapter II-2.(4) The closed ro/ro cargo space and the open ro/ro cargo space of a ship must comply with the applicable requirements on the fire protection specified in regulations 38-1.2 and 38-1.3 of specified Chapter II-2.(5) Subregulation (4) does not apply to the following spaces that are intended for carrying motor vehicles with fuel in their tanks—(a) a special category space;(b) a ro/ro cargo space.(L.N. 254 of 2018) 89. Special arrangements in machinery spaces The following provisions shall apply to machinery spaces—(a) the number of openings to machinery spaces shall be the minimum compatible with the proper working of the ship;(b) windows shall not be fitted in machinery space boundaries;(c) doors in the boundaries of machinery spaces of Category A, other than watertight doors and the fire-screen door referred to in paragraph (d), shall be arranged so that the closure of the door will be assured in the event of fire in the space; and the doors shall be provided with closing arrangements which either comply with regulation 80(6) or are provided with power operated closing arrangements operable from the control position required by regulation 70(2); and(d) any machinery space of Category A which is accessible from an adjacent shaft tunnel shall be provided with a lightweight steel fire-screen door in addition to any watertight door; the fire-screen door shall be operable from each side and shall be located at the shaft tunnel side of the bulkhead.Ships of Classes I, II and II(A) Carrying not more than 36 Passengers 90. Application Regulations 91 to 105 inclusive of this Part apply to passenger ships of Classes I, II and II(A) carrying not more than 36 passengers. 91. Structure (1) The hull, superstructure, structural bulkheads, decks and deckhouses shall be constructed of steel or other equivalent material, except that the crowns and casings of machinery spaces of Category A shall be constructed only of steel.(2) Where any part of the structure is of aluminium alloy, the following requirements shall apply—(a) the insulation of aluminium alloy components of “A” Class divisions or “B” Class divisions, and supports of such divisions, shall be such that the temperature of the structural core does not rise more than 200oC above the ambient temperature at any time during a standard fire test of 60 minutes duration in the case of an “A” Class division and 30 minutes in the case of a “B” Class division; and(b) the insulation of aluminium alloy components of columns, stanchions and other structural members required to support lifeboat and liferaft stowage, launching and embarkation areas, shall be such that the temperature rise limitation specified in paragraph (a) shall apply for 60 minutes duration. 91A. Helicopter decks (1) Subregulations (2), (3) and (4) apply to a post 1992 ship (other than a post-1998 ship) having a helicopter deck. (L.N. 254 of 2018)(1A) Subregulation (5) applies to a post-1998 ship. (L.N. 254 of 2018)(2) Subject to subregulation (4), the helicopter deck shall be of steel or steel equivalent fire-resistant construction.(3) If the space below the helicopter deck is of a high fire risk, the insulation standard shall be to the satisfaction of the Director.(4) If the Director so permits, the helicopter deck may be constructed of aluminium or other low melting metal construction that is not made equivalent to steel, except that—(a) if the platform is cantilevered over the side of the ship, then, after the occurrence of a fire on the ship or on the platform, the platform shall undergo a structural analysis to determine its suitability for further use;(b) if the platform is located above the ship’s deckhouse or similar structure—(i) the deckhouse top and bulkheads under the platform shall have no openings;(ii) all windows under the platform shall be provided with steel shutters;(iii) after a fire on or in close proximity to the platform, the platform shall undergo a structural analysis to determine its suitability for further use.(5) Provisions of helicopter facilities on a ship must be in accordance with the Standards for On-board Helicopter Facilities adopted by the International Maritime Organization by Resolution A.855(20). (L.N. 254 of 2018)(L.N. 410 of 1995) 92. Main vertical zones and horizontal zones (1) The hull, superstructure and deckhouses in the way of accommodation and service spaces shall be subdivided by bulkhead consisting of “A” Class divisions into main vertical zones. The mean length of each zone on any one deck above the bulkhead deck shall not exceed 40 metres. Steps and recesses shall be kept to a minimum, but any which are necessary shall consist of “A” Class divisions. These divisions shall have insulation values in accordance with the tables at the end of regulation 94, except that where insulation values of “B-0” and “C” appear in table 5 the value of “A-0” shall be substituted.(2) Any portions of such divisions which extend above the bulkhead deck shall, whenever possible, be in line with watertight subdivision bulkheads situated immediately below the bulkhead deck and shall extend from deck to deck and to the ship’s shell, and, in the case of a deckhouse, to the external plating thereof.(2A) In every post October 1994 ship, the length and width of main vertical zones may be extended to a maximum of 48 metres in order to bring the ends of main vertical zones to coincide with subdivision watertight bulkheads or in order to accommodate a large public space extending for the whole length of the main vertical zone provided that the total area of the main vertical zone is not greater than 1,600 square metres on any deck. The length or width of a main vertical zone is the maximum distance between the furthermost points of the bulkheads bounding it. (L.N. 410 of 1995)(3) A main vertical zone may, for the purpose of regulation 102, be subdivided by horizontal “A” Class divisions into 2 or more parts provided that such horizontal divisions shall extend between adjacent main vertical zone bulkheads and to the shell or exterior boundaries of the ship and shall be insulated in accordance with the fire insulation and integrity values given in table 6 at the end of regulation 94. (E.R. 1 of 2022)(4) In ships designed for special purposes, such as train services, where the provision of main vertical zone bulkheads would conflict with the purpose for which the ship is intended, the Director may allow an equivalent means for controlling and limiting a fire to be substituted.(5) In every post October 1994 ship, the mean length and width of the main vertical zones on any deck shall not in general exceed 40 metres. (L.N. 410 of 1995) 93. Bulkheads within a main vertical zone (1) Every bulkhead within the accommodation spaces or services spaces not being a bulkhead required by these regulations to consist of an “A” Class division, shall consist of a “B” Class division or a “C” Class division as prescribed in the tables at the end of regulation 94. All such divisions may be faced with combustible materials in accordance with the provisions of regulation 100.(2) All corridor bulkheads where not required to be “A” Class divisions, shall be “B” Class divisions, which shall extend from deck to deck except that—(a) when continuous “B” Class ceilings and/or linings are fitted on both sides of the bulkhead, the portion of the bulkhead behind the continuous ceiling or lining shall be of a material which in thickness and composition meets the requirements of “B” Class divisions, but which is required to meet “B” Class fire integrity standards only so far as is reasonable and practicable in the opinion of the Director; and(b) in the case of a ship protected by an automatic sprinkler, fire detection and fire alarm system complying with the provisions of Schedule 7 a corridor bulkhead of “B” Class integrity may terminate at a ceiling in the corridor, provided that such a ceiling is of a material which, in thickness and composition, is acceptable in the construction of “B” Class divisions; notwithstanding the requirements of regulation 94, such bulkheads and ceilings are required to meet “B” Class fire integrity standard only as far as is reasonable and practicable in the opinion of the Director; all doors and their frames in such bulkheads shall be of non-combustible materials and shall be constructed and erected so as to provided adequate fire resistance to the satisfaction of the Director.(3) Every bulkhead required to be a “B” Class division, except a corridor bulkhead prescribed in subregulation (2), shall extend from deck to deck and to the shell or other boundaries unless continuous “B” Class ceilings and/or linings fitted on both sides of the bulkhead are at least of the same fire resistance as the bulkhead, in which case the bulkhead may terminate at the continuous ceiling and/or lining. (L.N. 410 of 1995) 94. Fire integrity of bulkheads and decks (1) In addition to complying with the specific provisions for fire integrity of bulkheads and decks of these regulations, the minimum fire integrity of bulkheads and decks shall be as prescribed in subregulations (2) to (5) and the tables at the end of this regulation.(2) Where, due to any particular structural arrangement in the ship, there may be doubt in determining from the tables the minimum fire integrity and insulation standard of any division, such a standard shall be determined to the satisfaction of the Director.(3) The following requirements shall govern application of the tables—(a) tables 5 and 6 shall apply respectively to the bulkheads and decks separating adjacent spaces;(b) for the purpose of determining the appropriate fire integrity and insulation standards to be applied to boundaries between adjacent spaces, such spaces are classified according to their fire risk as shown in Categories (1A) to (11A) below; the number in parentheses preceding each category refers to the applicable column or row numbers in the tables—(1A) control stations and similar spaces are—control stations as defined in regulation 1(3); spaces containing centralised emergency public address systems and equipment;(2A) corridors include passenger and crew space corridors and lobbies;(3A) accommodation spaces are—spaces as defined in regulation 1(3) but excluding stairways, corridors, lobbies;(4A) stairways include interior stairways, lifts and escalators and enclosures thereto (other than those wholly contained within the machinery spaces); a stairway which is enclosed only at one level shall be regarded as part of the space from which it is not separated by a fire door;(5A) service spaces of low risk are—(i) in a ship other than a post 1992 ship, lockers and storerooms having areas of less than 2 square metres, drying rooms and laundries;(ii) in a post 1992 ship, lockers and storerooms not having provision for the storage of flammable liquids and having areas of less than 4 square metres, and drying rooms and laundries; (L.N. 410 of 1995)(6A) machinery spaces of category A;(7A) other machinery spaces;(8A) cargo spaces as defined in regulation 1(3) and including trunkways and hatchways to such spaces, but excluding special category spaces and ro/ro cargo spaces; (9A) service spaces of high risk are—(i) in a ship other than a post 1992 ship, galleys, pantries containing cooking appliances, paint and lamp rooms, lockers and storerooms having areas of 2 square metres or more, and workshops other than those forming part of the machinery spaces;(ii) in a post 1992 ship, galleys, pantries containing cooking appliances, paint and lamp rooms, lockers and storerooms having areas of 4 square metres or more, spaces for the storage of flammable liquids, and workshops other than those forming part of the machinery spaces; (L.N. 410 of 1995)(10A) open decks are—open deck spaces, enclosed promenades having no fire risk, and the air space outside superstructures and deckhouses;(11A) special category spaces etc. are—special category spaces and ro/ro cargo spaces as defined respectively in regulation 1(3);(c) where a single value is shown for the fire integrity of a boundary between 2 spaces, that value shall apply in all cases;(d) in determining the applicable fire integrity standard of a boundary between 2 spaces within a main vertical zone or horizontal zone which is not protected by an automatic sprinkler, fire detection and fire alarm system complying with the provisions of Schedule 7 or between such zones neither of which is so protected the higher of the 2 values given in the tables shall apply;(e) in determining the applicable fire integrity standard of a boundary between 2 spaces within a main vertical zone or horizontal zone which is protected by an automatic sprinkler, fire detection and fire alarm system complying with the provisions of Schedule 7 or between such zones both of which are so protected, the lesser of the 2 values given in the tables shall apply; where a sprinklered zone and a non-sprinklered zone meet within accommodation and service spaces, the higher of the 2 values given in the table shall apply to the division between the zones;(f) where adjacent spaces are of the same numerical category and superscriptiona is specified a bulkhead or deck of the rating shown in the tables is only required when such spaces are used for different purposes;(g) bulkheads separating the wheelhouse and chartroom from each other may be “B-0” rating; (E.R. 1 of 2022)(h) for the application of regulation 92(1) “B-0” and “C” where appearing in table 5 shall be read as “A-0”; (E.R. 1 of 2022)(i) where an asterisk is specified in the tables, the division is required to be of steel or equivalent material but is not required to be of “A” Class standard; for the application of regulation 92(1) an asterisk where appearing in table 6, except Categories (8A) and (10A), shall be read as “A-0”. (E.R. 1 of 2022)(4) Continuous “B” Class ceilings or linings, in association with the relevant decks or bulkheads, may be accepted as contributing, wholly or in part, to the required insulation and integrity of a division.(5) The integrity of “A” Class divisions shall be maintained at intersections and boundaries. Table 5—Fire Integrity of Bulkheads Separating Adjacent Spaces Spaces (1A) (2A) (3A) (4A) (5A) (6A) (7A) (8A) (9A) (10A) (11A) Control stations (1A) A-0 A-0 A-60 A-0 A-15 A-60 A-15 A-60 A-60 * A-60 Corridors (2A) C B-0 A-0 B-0 A-60 A-0 A-0 A-15 A-0 * A-15 Accommodation spaces (3A) C A-0 B-0 A-60 A-0 A-0 A-15 A-0 * A-30 A-0 Stairways (4A) A-0 A-0 A-60 A-0 A-0 A-15 A-0 * A-15 Service spaces of low risk (5A) C A-60 A-0 A-0 A-0 * A-0 Machinery spaces of Category A (6A) * A-0 A-0 A-60 * A-60 Other machinery spaces (7A) A-0a A-0 A-0 * A-0 Cargo spaces (8A) * A-0 * A-0 Service spaces of high risk (9A) A-0a * A-30 Open decks (10A) － A-0 Special category spaces etc. (11A) A-0 (E.R. 1 of 2022) Table 6—Fire Integrity of Decks Separating Adjacent Spaces Spacebelow↓ Spaceabove→ (1A) (2A) (3A) (4A) (5A) (6A) (7A) (8A) (9A) (10A) (11A) Control stations (1A) A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-60 A-0 A-0 A-0 * A-30 Corridors (2A) A-0 * * A-0 * A-60 A-0 A-0 A-0 * A-0 Accommodation spaces (3A) A-60 A-0 * A-0 * A-60 A-0 A-0 A-0 * A-30 A-0 Stairways (4A) A-0 A-0 A-0 * A-0 A-60 A-0 A-0 A-0 * A-0 Service spaces of low risk (5A) A-15 A-0 A-0 A-0 * A-60 A-0 A-0 A-0 * A-0 Machinery spaces of Category A (6A) A-60 A-60 A-60 A-60 A-60 * A-60 A-30 A-60 * A-60 Other machinery spaces (7A) A-15 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 * A-0 A-0 * A-0 Cargo spaces (8A) A-60 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 * A-0 * A-0 Service spaces of high risk (9A) A-60 A-30 A-0 A-30 A-0 A-30 A-0 A-0 A-60 A-0 A-0 A-0 * A-30 Open decks (10A) * * * * * * * * * － A-0 Special category spaces etc. (11A) A-60 A-15 A-30 A-0 A-15 A-0 A-30 A-0 A-0 A-30 A-0 A-0 (E.R. 1 of 2022) 95. Protection of stairways and lifts in accommodation and service spaces (1) All stairways shall be of steel frame construction except where the Director may approve the use of other equivalent material, and shall be within enclosures formed of “A” Class divisions, except that—(a) an isolated stairway connecting only 2 decks need not be enclosed on both decks provided that the integrity of the deck is maintained by bulkheads or doors at one between-deck space; when a stairway is closed at one between-deck space, the stairway enclosure shall have the same integrity standard as is required by table 6 at the end of regulation 94 for the deck which separates the between-deck spaces; and(b) stairways may be fitted within the open part of a public space provided that they lie wholly within such public space.(2) Every opening in a stairway enclosure shall be provided with a means of closure which shall be permanently attached thereto.(3) In a ship other than a post October 1994 ship, every stairway enclosure shall have direct communication with the corridors and be of sufficient area to prevent congestion having regard to the number of persons likely to use it in an emergency. In so far as practicable, stairway enclosures shall not give direct access to cabins, service lockers or other enclosed spaces containing combustibles in which a fire is likely to originate. (L.N. 410 of 1995)(3A) In a post October 1994 ship, every stairway enclosure shall have direct access with the corridors and be of a sufficient area to prevent congestion, having regard to the number of persons likely to use it in an emergency. Within the perimeter of such stairway enclosures, only public toilets, lockers of non-combustible material providing storage for safety equipment and open information counters are permitted. Only public spaces, corridors, public toilets, special category spaces, other escape stairways required by regulation 76(2)(c) of the Merchant Shipping (Safety) (Passenger Ship Construction and Survey) (Ships Built On or After 1 September 1984) Regulations (Cap. 369 sub. leg. AM) and external areas are permitted to have direct access to these stairway enclosures. (L.N. 410 of 1995; E.R. 1 of 2022)(4) Every lift trunk shall be so fitted as to prevent the passage of smoke and flame from one between-deck to another and shall be provided with means of closing so as to permit the control of draught and smoke. 96. Openings in “A” Class divisions (1) Where an “A” Class division is pierced for the passage of electric cables, pipes, trunks, girders or beams or for other purposes, the arrangements shall be such that the effectiveness of the division in resisting fire is not thereby impaired except as provided in subregulation (7).(2) Where ventilation ducts pass through “A” Class divisions the requirements of regulation 98 shall apply.(3) Except for hatches between special category spaces or ro/ro cargo spaces within a single horizontal zone, or hatches between cargo spaces or stores or baggage spaces, and hatches between such spaces and the weather decks, every opening shall be provided with permanently attached means of closing which shall be at least as effective for resisting fire as the division in which it is fitted.(4) Every door and door frame in an “A” Class division shall be constructed of steel or other equivalent material and the means of securing the door when closed shall provide resistance to fire as well as to the passage of smoke and flame, as far as practicable, equivalent to that of the bulkhead in which the door is situated: provided that a watertight door shall not be required to be insulated.(5) Any door in such a division shall be so constructed that it can be opened and closed by one person from either side of the division.(6) In a ship other than a post October 1994 ship, every door, in a division constructed in compliance with regulations 92(1) and 95(1), except a watertight door or one which is normally locked shut, shall be self-closing and capable of closing against an adverse inclination of up to 3 1/2 degrees. The speed of door closure shall be controlled so as to prevent undue danger to personnel. All such doors which are held in the open position shall be capable of release from a control station, either simultaneously or in groups, and also individually from a position at the door. The release mechanism shall be so designed that the door will automatically close in the event of disruption of the control system, except that this requirement shall not apply to watertight doors. Hold-back hooks, not subject to control station release, are not permitted. (L.N. 410 of 1995)(6A) (a) Every post October 1994 ship (other than a post-1998 ship) must comply with the requirements of this subregulation. (L.N. 254 of 2018)(b) Fire doors in main vertical zone bulkheads and stairway enclosures shall satisfy the following requirements—(i) the doors shall be self-closing and be capable of closing with an angle of inclination of up to 3.5 degrees opposing closure, and shall have an approximately uniform rate of closure of no more than 40 seconds and no less than 10 seconds with the ship in the upright position;(ii) remote-controlled sliding or power-operated doors shall be equipped with an alarm that sounds at least 5 seconds but no more than 10 seconds before the door begins to move and continue sounding until the door is completely closed. Doors designed to reopen upon contacting an object in its path shall reopen sufficiently to allow a clear passage of at least 0.75 metre, but no more than 1 metre;(iii) all doors shall be capable of remote and automatic release from a continuously manned central control station, either simultaneously or in groups, and also individually from a position at both sides of the door. Indication must be provided at the fire control panel in the continuously manned central control station whether each of the remote-controlled doors are closed. The release mechanism shall be so designed that the door will automatically close in the event of disruption of the control system or central power supply. Release switches shall have an on-off function to prevent automatic resetting of the system. Hold-back hooks not subject to central control station release are prohibited;(iv) local power accumulators for power-operated doors shall be provided in the immediate vicinity of the doors to enable the door to be operated at least 10 times (fully opened and closed) using the local controls;(v) double-leaf doors equipped with a latch necessary to their fire integrity shall have a latch that is automatically activated by the operation of the doors when released by the system; and(vi) doors giving access to special category spaces which are power-operated and automatically closed need not be equipped with alarms and remote release mechanisms required in subparagraphs (ii) and (iii). (L.N. 410 of 1995)(6B) A post-1998 ship must comply with the operational requirements on fire doors specified in regulation 30.4 of specified Chapter II-2. (L.N. 254 of 2018)(7) Where a space is protected by an automatic sprinkler, fire detection and fire alarm system complying with the provisions of Schedule 7 or fitted with a continuous “B” Class ceiling, the closing of openings in decks not forming steps in main vertical zones or bounding horizontal zones shall be closed reasonably tight and such decks shall meet the “A” Class integrity requirements in so far as is reasonable and practicable in the opinion of the Director.(8) The requirements for “A” Class integrity of other boundaries of a ship shall not apply to glass partitions, windows and sidescuttles, provided that there is no requirement to have “A” Class integrity in regulation 99(3). For a pre-1998 ship, the requirements for “A” Class integrity shall not apply to exterior doors in superstructures and deckhouses, except that doors opening onto lifeboat and liferaft handling and embarkation areas shall be of such construction as to protect these areas from a space having a potential fire hazard. For a post-1998 ship, the requirements for “A” Class integrity do not apply to exterior doors except the doors referred to in regulation 30.6 of specified Chapter II-2. (L.N. 410 of 1995; L.N. 254 of 2018)(9) In every post October 1994 ship, all “A” Class doors located in stairways, public spaces and main vertical zone bulkheads in escape routes shall be equipped with a self-closing hose port of material, construction and fire resistance which is equivalent to the door into which it is fitted, and shall be a 150 millimetres square clear opening with the door closed and shall be inset into the lower edge of the door, opposite the door hinges, or in the case of sliding doors, nearest the opening. (L.N. 410 of 1995) 97. Openings in “B” Class divisions (1) Where a “B” Class division is pierced for the passage of electric cables, pipes, trunks, girders, beams, or for other purposes, the arrangements shall be such that the effectiveness of the division in resisting fire is not thereby impaired except as provided in subregulation (5). Where ventilation ducts pass through “B” Class divisions the requirements of regulation 98(11) shall apply.(2) In every ship other than a post October 1994 ship, all doors and door frames in “B” Class divisions and means of securing them shall provide a method of closure which shall have resistance to fire as far as practicable equivalent to the division, except that ventilation openings may be permitted in the lower portion of such doors. Where such opening is in or under a door the total net area of any such opening or openings shall not exceed 0.05 square metre. When such opening is cut in a door it shall be fitted with a grille made of steel and shall be capable of being manually closed from each side of the door. Doors shall be non-combustible. (L.N. 410 of 1995)(2A) In every post October 1994 ship, doors and door frames in “B” Class divisions and means of securing them shall provide a method of closure which shall have resistance to fire equivalent to that of the division* except that ventilation openings may be permitted in the lower portion of such doors. Where such opening is in or under a door, the total net area of any such opening or openings shall not exceed 0.05 square metre. When such opening is cut in a door, it shall be fitted with a grille made of steel and shall be capable of being manually closed from each side of the door. Doors shall be non-combustible. (L.N. 410 of 1995)(3) The requirements for “B” class integrity of the outer boundaries of a ship shall not apply to glass partitions, windows and sidescuttles subject to the requirements of regulation 99. Similarly, the requirements for “B” Class integrity shall not apply to exterior doors in superstructures and deckhouses.(4) A door which separates a cabin from an individual interior sanitary space, such as a shower space, may be constructed of combustible material.(5) Where an automatic sprinkler, fire alarm and fire detection system complying with the provisions of Schedule 7 is fitted—(a) the closing of openings in decks need only meet the “B” Class integrity requirements in so far as is reasonable and practicable; and(b) openings in corridor bulkheads of “B” Class materials shall be protected in accordance with the provisions of regulation 93.(6) In every post October 1994 ship, cabin doors in “B” Class divisions shall be of a self-closing type. Hold-back hooks are not permitted. (L.N. 410 of 1995) * This refers to the Recommendation on Fire Test Procedures for “A”, “B” and “F” Class divisions, adopted by Resolution A.754(18). 98. Ventilation systems (1) Wherever practicable the system of ducts leading from each ventilation fan shall be within one main vertical or horizontal zone.(2) Where of necessity, a ventilation duct passes through a main vertical zone bulkhead, a fail-safe automatic closing fire damper shall be fitted adjacent to the bulkhead. The damper shall also be capable of being manually closed from each side of the bulkhead. The operating position shall be readily accessible and be marked in red light-reflecting colour. The duct between the bulkhead and the damper shall be of steel or other equivalent material and, if necessary, be insulated to a standard such as to comply with regulation 96(1). The damper shall be fitted with a visible indicator at each operating position showing whether the damper is in the open or shut position.(3) Where ventilation systems penetrate decks, precautions shall be taken, in addition to those relating to the fire integrity of the decks required by regulation 96(1), to reduce the likelihood of smoke and hot gases passing from one between-deck space to another through the system. In addition to insulation requirements contained in this regulation, vertical ducts shall be insulated as required by the tables at the end of regulation 94.(4) Ducts serving a stairway enclosure shall be taken from the fan room independently of other ducts in the ventilation system and shall not serve any other space.(5) There shall be provided for every control station situated below deck other than a control station situated in the machinery space, means to ensure ventilation, visibility and freedom from smoke within it so that, in the event of a fire in the ship, the equipment it contains may be operated effectively. Unless a control station is situated on, and has access to, an open deck or is provided with local closing arrangements equally effective to maintain ventilation, visibility and freedom from smoke in the event of a fire in the ship, there shall be provided at least 2 entirely separate means of supplying air to such control stations and the air inlets to these sources of supply shall be so situated that the risk of both drawing in smoke simultaneously is, as far as practicable, eliminated.(6) Ventilation ducts except those in cargo spaces, shall be constructed as follows—(a) ducts not less than 0.075 square metre in section area and all vertical ducts serving more than a single between-deck space shall be constructed of steel or other equivalent material;(b) subject to the requirements of paragraph (c) and of subregulations (8) and (9), ducts of less than 0.075 square metre in sectional area other than vertical ducts referred to in paragraph (a) shall be constructed of non-combustible materials; where such ducts penetrated “A” Class divisions or “B” Class divisions, due regard shall be given to ensuring the fire integrity of the divisions; and(c) ducts, not exceeding 0.02 square metre in sectional area nor 2 metres in length, need not be non-combustible provided that the following conditions are satisfied—(i) the ducts are constructed of— (L.N. 254 of 2018)(A) for a pre-1998 ship—suitable material having regard to the risk of fire; or(B) for a post-1998 ship—material with low flame spread characteristics; (L.N. 254 of 2018)(ii) the ducts are used only the terminal ends of the ventilation system; and(iii) the ducts are not located closer than 0.6 metre along their lengths to penetrations of “A” Class divisions or “B” Class divisions.(7) Ducts provided for the ventilation of machinery spaces of Category A, galleys, ro/ro cargo spaces or special category spaces shall not pass through accommodation spaces, service spaces or control stations unless the ducts are either—(a) (i) constructed of steel having a thickness of at least 3 millimetres and 5 millimetres for ducts the widths or diameters of which are up to and including 300 millimetres and 760 millimetres and over respectively and, in the case of such ducts, the widths or diameters of which are between 300 and 760 millimetres having a thickness to be obtained by interpolation; and(ii) suitably supported and stiffened; and(iii) fitted close to the boundaries penetrated with automatic fail-safe fire dampers, which are also capable of being closed manually; and(iv) insulated to “A-60” standard from the machinery space, galley, ro/ro cargo space or special category space to a point at least 5 metres beyond each fire damper; or(b) (i) constructed of steel in accordance with paragraph (a)(i) and (ii); and(ii) insulated to “A-60” standard throughout the accommodation spaces, service spaces or control stations;except that penetrations of main zone bulkheads or decks shall comply with the requirements of subregulation (2).(8) Ducts providing ventilation to accommodation spaces, service spaces or control stations shall not pass through machinery spaces of Category A, galleys, ro/ro cargo spaces or special category spaces unless either—(a) (i) the ducts where they pass through a machinery space of Category A, galley, ro/ro cargo space or special category space are constructed of steel in accordance with subregulation (7)(a)(i) and (ii); and(ii) automatic fail-safe fire dampers, which are also capable of being closed manually, are fitted close to the boundaries penetrated; and(iii) the integrity of the boundaries of the machinery space, galley, ro/ro cargo space or special category space is maintained at the penetrations; or(b) (i) the ducts where they pass through a machinery space of Category A, galley, ro/ro cargo space or special category space are constructed of steel in accordance with paragraph (a)(i) and (ii); and(ii) the ducts are insulated to “A-60” standard within the machinery space, galley, ro/ro cargo space, or special category space;except that penetrations of main zone bulkheads and decks shall comply with subregulation (2).(9) Exhaust ducts from galley ranges, where they pass through accommodation spaces or spaces containing combustible materials, shall be constructed of “A” Class divisions. Every such exhaust duct shall be fitted with—(a) a grease trap readily removable for cleaning;(b) an automatic fail-safe fire damper located in the lower end of the duct;(c) arrangements, operable from within the galley, for shutting off the exhaust fan; and(d) a fixed means of extinguishing a fire within the duct using either carbon dioxide or a water spray system.In addition to complying with paragraph (b), galley ventilation ducts shall also comply with subregulation (7).(10) Where a ventilation duct of sectional area exceeding 0.02 square metre passes through an “A” Class bulkhead or deck, the opening in the bulkhead or deck shall be lined with a steel sleeve unless the duct, where it passes through the bulkhead or deck, is constructed of steel. At the penetration the sleeve or duct shall comply with the following specification—(a) the duct or sleeve shall have a thickness of at least 3 millimetres over a length of 900 millimetres and as far as possible one half of that length shall be on each side of the bulkhead or deck; the duct or sleeve shall be insulated so as to maintain the standard of fire integrity of the deck or bulkhead; and(b) every duct shall be fitted with a fire damper which is capable of being closed manually from each side of the division unless the Director determines otherwise; in every duct of sectional area exceeding 0.075 square metre, the fire damper shall also operate automatically; the manual operating position shall be readily accessible and be marked in red light-reflecting colour; the damper shall be fitted with a visible indicator showing whether the damper is in the open or shut position; fire dampers are not required, however, where ducts pass through spaces surrounded by “A” Class divisions without serving those spaces, provided those ducts have the same fire integrity and insulation value as the bulkheads which they pierce.(11) Where a ventilation duct of sectional area exceeding 0.02 square metre passes through a “B” Class division, the opening shall be lined with a steel sleeve of 900 millimetres in length unless the duct where it passes through the division is constructed of steel. One half of this length shall as far as possible be on each side of the division.(12) For a post-1998 ship, the ventilation arrangements referred to in regulations 16.11.1 and 16.11.2 of specified Chapter II-2 must be tested in accordance with the Fire Test Procedures Code. (L.N. 254 of 2018) 99. Windows and sidescuttles (1) All windows and sidescuttles in bulkheads within accommodation and service spaces and control stations other than those to which regulations 96(8) and 97(3) apply, shall be constructed so as to preserve the integrity requirements of the type of bulkheads in which they are fitted.(2) In every ship other than a post October 1994 ship, notwithstanding the requirements of the tables at the end of regulation 94— (L.N. 410 of 1995; E.R. 1 of 2022)(a) all windows and sidescuttles in bulkheads separating accommodation and service spaces and control stations from weather shall be constructed with frames of steel or other suitable material; the glass shall be retained by a metal glazing bead or angle; and(b) the fire integrity of windows facing open or enclosed lifeboat and liferaft embarkation areas and of windows situated below such areas in such a position that their failure during a fire would impede the launching of, or embarkation into, lifeboats or liferafts shall be such that any potential fire hazard is kept to a minimum.(3) In every post October 1994 ship, notwithstanding the requirements of the tables set out at the end of regulation 94, the following shall apply—(a) all windows and sidescuttles in bulkheads separating accommodation and service spaces and control stations from weather shall be constructed with frames of steel or other suitable material. The glass shall be retained by a metal glazing bead or angle; and(b) windows facing life-saving appliances, embarkation and muster areas, external stairs and open decks used for escape routes, and windows situated below liferaft and escape slide embarkation areas shall have the fire integrity as required in the tables set out in regulation 78. Where automatic dedicated sprinkler heads are provided for windows, “A-0” windows may be accepted as equivalent. Windows located in the ship’s side below the lifeboat embarkation areas shall have the fire integrity at least equal to “A-0” Class. (L.N. 410 of 1995; E.R. 1 of 2022) 100. Restriction of combustible materials (1) The following surfaces shall be such that a surface spread of flame of Class 1 will not be exceeded—(a) exposed surfaces in corridors and stairway enclosures; and(b) within all accommodation spaces, service spaces and control stations—(i) bulkheads, wall and ceiling linings;

and(ii) concealed or inaccessible spaces.(2) Within accommodation spaces, service spaces and control stations the following shall apply—(a) the total volume of combustible facings, mouldings, decorations and veneers shall not exceed a volume equivalent to 2.5 millimetres of veneer on the combined area of walls and ceilings; in the case of ships fitted with an automatic sprinkler, fire detection and fire alarm system complying with the provisions of Schedule 7 the above volume may include some combustible material used for the erection of “C” Class divisions;(b) veneers used on surfaces and linings to which subregulation (1) applies shall not have a gross calorific potential exceeding 45 megajoules per square metre of surface area for the thickness used as measured in accordance with the method specified in International Standard ISO 1716-1973 (E), or with any International or British Standard replacing the same which the Director considers relevant from time to time and specifies in a Merchant Shipping Notice;(c) furniture in the corridors and stairway enclosures shall be kept to a minimum;(ca) in every post October 1994 ship, furniture in stairway enclosures shall be limited to seating. It shall be fixed, limited to 6 seats on each deck in each stairway enclosure, be of restricted fire risk and shall not restrict the passenger escape route. The Director may permit additional seating in the main reception area within a stairway enclosure if it is fixed, non-combustible and does not restrict the passenger escape route. Furniture shall not be permitted in passenger and crew corridors forming escape routes in cabin areas. In addition to the above, lockers of non-combustible material, providing storage for safety equipment required by regulations, may be permitted; (L.N. 410 of 1995)(d) in a pre-1998 ship, primary deck coverings shall be of approved material which will not readily ignite or give rise to toxic or explosive hazards at elevated temperatures; (da) in a post-1998 ship, primary deck coverings referred to in regulation 34.8 of specified Chapter II-2 must be of material approved by the Administration in accordance with the Fire Test Procedures Code; and (L.N. 254 of 2018)(e) waste paper receptacles shall be constructed of non-combustible materials and with solid sides and bottoms.(3) Within accommodation spaces, service spaces, control stations and machinery spaces the following shall apply—(a) all ceilings, linings, draught stops and insulating materials shall be of non-combustible materials except in respect of—(i) mail rooms and baggage rooms;(ii) materials used to insulate refrigerated compartments;(iii) materials used to insulate valves associated with hot and cold service systems provided that their exposed surfaces are such that a surface spread of flame of Class 1 will not be exceeded; (L.N. 254 of 2018)(iv) for a pre-1998 ship—vapour barriers and adhesives used in conjunction with insulating materials, if their exposed surfaces are such that a surface spread of flame of Class 1 will not be exceeded; and(v) for a post-1998 ship—vapour barriers and adhesives used in conjunction with insulation, and insulation of pipe fittings, for cold service systems provided that—(A) their quantity is kept to the minimum; and(B) the material of their exposed surfaces is of low flame spread characteristics; (L.N. 254 of 2018)(b) paints, varnishes and other finishes used on exposed interior surfaces— (L.N. 254 of 2018)(i) for a pre-1998 ship—must not be capable of producing excessive quantities of smoke and toxic products; or(ii) for a post-1998 ship—must comply with the requirements specified in regulation 34.7 of specified Chapter II-2. (L.N. 254 of 2018) 101. Miscellaneous items of fire protection (1) The following provisions shall apply to all parts of the ship—(a) any pipe which penetrates an “A” Class division or “B” Class division shall be of suitable material having regard to the temperature such divisions are required to withstand;(b) pipes intended for oil or other flammable liquids shall be of suitable material having regard to the risk of fire;(c) overboard scuppers, sanitary discharges or other outlets close to or below the waterline shall not be of a material likely to fail in the event of fire and thereby give rise to a danger of flooding; and(d) in spaces where penetration of oil products is possible the exposed surface of insulation shall be impervious to oil or oil vapours.(2) The following provisions shall apply to the accommodation spaces, service spaces, and control stations—(a) every air space enclosed behind a ceiling, panel or lining, shall be divided longitudinally and transversely by close fitting draught stops which shall be spaced not more than 14 metres apart and shall be closed at each deck;(b) every ceiling and lining shall be so constructed as to enable a fire patrol to detect any smoke originating in a concealed or inaccessible space without impairing the efficiency of the fire protection of the ship; the Director may exempt any ship from the requirement of this regulation if he is satisfied that there is no risk of fire originating in such a space;(c) electric space heaters shall be fixed in position and shall be so constructed as to reduce the risk of fire to a minimum; no such heater shall be constructed with an element so exposed that clothing, curtains or other material can be scorched or set on fire by heat from the element; and(d) cellulose-nitrate film shall not be used for cinematograph installations. 102. Fixed fire detection and fire alarm systems and automatic sprinkler, fire detection and fire alarm systems (1) In every ship other than a post October 1994 ship there shall be installed in all accommodation spaces, service spaces and control stations throughout each separate main vertical zone or, if a main vertical zone is divided horizontally in accordance with regulation 92(3) into parts, throughout each part vertical zone either— (L.N. 410 of 1995)(a) an automatic sprinkler, fire detection and fire alarm system of an approved type complying with the requirements specified in Schedule 7 and so arranged as to protect all such spaces in the ship; or(b) a fixed fire detection and fire alarm system of an approved type complying with the requirements specified in Schedule 11 and so arranged as to detect the presence or the signs of a fire and its location in any such spaces.(1A) In every post October 1994 ship there shall be installed in all accommodation spaces, service spaces and control stations, except spaces which afford no substantial fire risk such as void spaces, sanitary spaces, etc., throughout each separate main vertical zone or, if a main vertical zone is divided horizontally in accordance with regulation 92(3) into parts, throughout each part vertical zone either—(a) an automatic sprinkler, fire detection and fire alarm system of an approved type and complying with the requirements of Schedule 7 or the guidelines developed by the International Maritime Organization for an approved equivalent sprinkler system and so installed and arranged as to protect such spaces and, in addition, a fixed fire detection and fire alarm system of an approved type complying with the requirements of Schedule 11 so installed and arranged as to provide smoke detection in corridors, stairways and escape routes within accommodation spaces; or(b) a fixed fire detection and fire alarm system of an approved type and complying with the requirements of Schedule 11 and so installed and arranged as to detect the presence of fire in such spaces. (L.N. 410 of 1995)(2) The Director may exempt any ship from the requirements of subregulations (1) and (1A) in respect of— (L.N. 410 of 1995)(a) any spaces which afford no substantial fire risk; or(b) any control station.(3) In a post January 1994 ship, where a public space spans 3 or more decks by means of permanent openings and contains combustibles (such as furniture) and enclosed spaces (such as shops, offices and restaurants), the entire main vertical zone containing the space shall be protected throughout with an automatic sprinkler, fire detection and fire alarm system complying with the requirements specified in Schedule 7. (L.N. 410 of 1995) 103. Protection of special category spaces and ro/ro cargo spaces The following provisions shall apply to special category spaces and ro/ro cargo spaces whether above or below the bulkhead deck—(a) if it is not practicable to divide such spaces into main vertical zones, equivalent protection shall be obtained by dividing such spaces into horizontal zones; such a horizontal zone for the purpose of this regulation may include special category spaces or ro/ro cargo spaces on more than one deck provided that the total overall clear height for vehicles does not exceed 10 metres; the bulkheads and decks forming the boundaries of such a horizontal zone shall be insulated respectively as required for Category (11A) spaces in tables 5 and 6 at the end of regulation 94;(b) the requirements of regulations 96 and 98 for maintaining the integrity of vertical zones shall apply to bulkheads and decks forming the boundaries separating horizontal zones from each other and from the remainder of the ship;(c) a fixed pressure water spraying system complying with the requirements specified in Schedule 9 shall be provided;(d) indicators shall be provided on the navigating bridge which shall indicate when any access fire door in the boundary of a special category space or ro/ro cargo space is closed;(e) the outlet from any exhaust ventilation duct shall be sited in a safe position having regard to possible sources of ignition; ventilation ducts, including dampers, shall be of steel and arrangements shall be provided to permit a rapid shut-down and effective closure of the ventilation system in case of fire. 104. Protection of cargo spaces, other than special category spaces or ro/ro cargo spaces, intended for the carriage of motor vehicles with fuel in their tanks for their own propulsion In every ship the following provisions shall apply to any cargo space, other than a special category space or ro/ro cargo space, containing motor vehicles with fuel in their tanks for their own propulsion—(a) a fixed fire detection and fire alarm system of an approved type complying with the requirements specified in Schedule 11 or a sample extraction smoke detection system complying with Schedule 12 shall be provided;(b) a fixed pressure water spraying system complying with the requirements specified in Schedule 9 or a fixed gas fire-extinguishing system complying with the requirements specified in Schedule 10 shall be provided; and(c) the outlet from any exhaust ventilation duct shall be sited in a safe position having regard to possible sources of ignition; ventilation ducts, including dampers, shall be of steel. 104A. Protection of certain cargo spaces: post-1998 ships (1) This regulation applies to a post-1998 ship.(2) The cargo space of a ship intended for carrying motor vehicles with fuel in their tanks must comply with the applicable requirements on permanent openings specified in regulation 38.5 of specified Chapter II-2.(3) The ro/ro cargo space of a ship must comply with the applicable requirements on the structural protection specified in regulation 38-1.1 of specified Chapter II-2.(4) The closed ro/ro cargo space and the open ro/ro cargo space of a ship must comply with the applicable requirements on the fire protection specified in regulations 38-1.2 and 38-1.3 of specified Chapter II-2.(5) Subregulation (4) does not apply to the following spaces that are intended for carrying motor vehicles with fuel in their tanks—(a) a special category space;(b) a ro/ro cargo space.(L.N. 254 of 2018) 105. Special arrangement in machinery spaces The following provisions shall apply to machinery spaces—(a) the number of openings to machinery spaces shall be the minimum compatible with the proper working of the ship;(b) windows shall not be fitted in machinery space boundaries;(c) doors in the boundaries of machinery spaces of Category A, other than watertight doors and the fire-screen door referred to in paragraph (d), shall be arranged so that the closure of the door will be assured in the event of fire in the space; the doors shall be provided with closing arrangements which either comply with the regulation 95(6) or are provided with power operated closing arrangements operable from the control position required by regulation 71(4); and(d) any machinery space of Category A which is accessible from an adjacent shaft tunnel shall be provided with a light-weight steel fire-screen door in addition to any watertight door; the fire-screen door shall be operable from each side and shall be located at the shaft tunnel side of the bulkhead. 106. No provision. 107. No provision. 108. No provision. Ships of Classes I to II(A) inclusive 109. Application Regulation 110 applies to passenger ships of Classes I to II(A) inclusive. 110. Means of escape (1) Every ship shall be provided with doorways, stairways, ladderways and other ways to provide readily accessible means of escape to the lifeboat and liferaft embarkation decks for all persons in the ship from accommodation spaces, services spaces and other spaces in which the crew is normally employed, other than machinery spaces. The means of escape shall be so designed and constructed as to be capable of being easily used by the persons for whom they are intended. The number, width and continuity of such means of escape shall be sufficient, having regard to the number of persons by whom they may be used.(2) Notwithstanding the generality of subregulation (1) in every ship of Classes I, II and II(A) the following shall be complied with—(a) there shall be provided below the bulkhead deck at least 2 means of escape from each watertight compartment or from each similarly restricted space or group of spaces; at least one of the means of escape provided from each such compartment or from each such space or group of spaces shall be independent of watertight doors; the Director may, in an exceptional case, permit one of the means of escape to be dispensed with having regard to the nature and location of spaces and to the number of persons who normally might be employed there; (L.N. 410 of 1995)(b) there shall be provided above the bulkhead deck at least 2 means of escape from each space bounded by main vertical zone bulkheads or from each similarly restricted space or group of spaces;(c) in a ship other than a post October 1994 ship, at least 1 of the means of escape required by paragraphs (a) and (b) shall be by means of a readily accessible enclosed stairway, which shall provide continuous fire shelter from the level of its origin to the appropriate lifeboat and liferaft embarkation decks or the highest level served by the stairway, whichever level is the highest; however, where only one means of escape is permitted for the purpose of compliance with paragraph (a), the sole means of escape shall provide satisfactory safe escape; (L.N. 410 of 1995)(ca) in a post October 1994 ship, at least one of the means of escape required by paragraphs (a) and (b) shall consist of a readily accessible enclosed stairway, which shall provide continuous fire shelter from the level of its origin to the appropriate lifeboat and liferaft embarkation decks, or to the uppermost weather deck if the embarkation deck does not extend to the main vertical zone being considered; in the latter case, direct access to the embarkation deck by way of external open stairways and passageways shall be provided and shall have emergency lighting provided at the muster and embarkation stations and alleyways, stairways and exits giving access to the muster and embarkation stations and slip-free surfaces under foot; boundaries facing external open stairways and passageways forming part of an escape route and boundaries in such a position that their failure during a fire would impede escape to the embarkation deck shall have fire integrity, including insulation valves, in accordance with the tables set out in regulation 78; the widths, number and continuity of escapes shall be— (L.N. 259 of 1997; L.N. 157 of 2001)(i) stairways shall not be less than 900 millimetres in clear width; stairways shall be fitted with handrails on each side; the minimum clear width of stairways shall be increased by 10 millimetres for every one person provided for in excess of 90 persons; the maximum clear width between handrails where stairways are wider than 900 millimetres shall be 1,800 millimetres; the total number of persons to be evacuated by such stairways shall be assumed to be two thirds of the crew and the total number of passengers in the areas served by such stairways; the width of the stairways shall conform to the standards not inferior to those adopted by the International Maritime Organization;(ii) all stairways sized for more than 90 persons shall be aligned fore and aft;(iii) doorways and corridors and intermediate landings included in means of escape shall be sized in the same manner as stairways;(iv) stairways shall not exceed 3.5 metres in vertical rise without the provision of a landing and shall not have an angle of inclination greater than 45 degrees;(v) landings at each deck level shall be not less than 2 square metres in area and shall increase by 1 square metre for every 10 persons provided for in excess of 20 persons but need not exceed 16 square metres, except for those landings servicing public spaces having direct access onto the stairway enclosure; (L.N. 410 of 1995)(d) satisfactory protection of access from the stairway enclosures to the lifeboat and liferaft embarkation areas shall be provided;(e) lifts shall not be considered as forming one of the required means of escape;(f) stairways serving only a space and a balcony in that space shall not be considered as forming one of the required means of escape;(g) if a radio office has no direct access to a weather deck, 2 means of escape shall be provided from the office; the Director may permit one of these escapes to be an opening type window or sidescuttle of sufficient size;(h) in a ship other than a post October 1994 ship, dead-end corridors shall not be permitted to exceed 7 metres in ships carrying not more than 36 passengers and 13 metres in ships carrying more than 36 passengers; a dead-end corridor is a corridor, or part of a corridor from which there is only one escape route; (L.N. 410 of 1995)(ha) in a post October 1994 ship, a corridor, lobby, or part of a corridor from which there is only one route of escape shall be prohibited; (L.N. 410 of 1995)(i) in special category spaces and ro/ro cargo spaces the number and disposition of the means of escape both below and above the bulkhead deck shall be adequate, and, in general, the safety of access to the lifeboat and liferaft embarkation decks shall be at least equivalent to that required by paragraphs (a), (b), (c), (d) and (e); (L.N. 410 of 1995)(j) in a post January 1994 ship and where public spaces span 3 or more decks by means of permanent openings and contain combustibles such as furniture and enclosed spaces such as shops, offices and restaurants, each level within the space shall have 2 means of escape, one of which shall give direct access to an enclosed vertical means of escape meeting the requirements specified in paragraph (c) or (ca), as appropriate, for a readily accessible enclosed stairway; and (L.N. 410 of 1995; 80 of 1997 s.102)(k) in a post October 1994 ship and where the Director has granted dispensation under the provisions of paragraph (a), the stairways of the sole means of escape shall not be less than 800 millimetres in clear width with handrails on both sides. (L.N. 410 of 1995; 80 of 1997 s. 102)(3) No provision.(4) No provision.(5) In every ship, other than a post October 1994 ship, of Classes I, II and II(A) suitable signs shall be displayed in passageways and stairways indicating the direction of escape routes to passenger muster stations. Such signs shall be continuously illuminated and shall be adequate in number and distribution. They shall be capable of being illuminated by the ship’s emergency lighting system. (L.N. 410 of 1995)(5A) In every post October 1994 ship of Classes I, II and II(A), the means of escape including stairways and exits shall be marked by lighting or photoluminescent strip indicators placed not more than 0.3 metre above the deck at all points of the escape route including angles and intersections. The marking must enable passengers to identify the escape exits. If electric illumination is used, it shall be supplied by the emergency source of power and it shall be so arranged that the failure of any single light or cut in a lighting strip, will not result in the marking being ineffective. Additionally, all escape route signs and fire equipment location markings shall be of photoluminescent material or marked by lighting. Such lighting or photoluminescent equipment shall be evaluated, tested and applied in accordance with the guidelines developed by the International Maritime Organization. (L.N. 410 of 1995; L.N. 157 of 2001; L.N. 254 of 2018)(5B) In every ship, other than a post October 1994 ship, of Classes I, II and II(A) carrying more than 36 passengers and, in addition to the emergency lighting required by regulation 45(2) of the Merchant Shipping (Safety) (Passenger Ship Construction and Survey) (Ships Built On or After 1 September 1984) Regulations (Cap. 369 sub. leg. AM), and the emergency lighting required to be provided at the muster and embarkation stations and alleyways, stairways and exits giving access to the muster and embarkation stations, the means of escape including stairways and exits shall be marked, at all points of the escape route including angles and intersections, by lighting or photoluminescent strip indicators placed not more than 0.3 metre above the deck not later than 1 October 1997. The marking must enable passengers to identify all routes of escape and readily identify the escape exits. If electric illumination is used, it shall be supplied by the emergency source of power and it shall be so arranged that the failure of any single light, or cut in a lighting strip, will not result in the marking being ineffective. Additionally, all escape route signs and fire equipment location markings shall be of photoluminescent material. Such lighting or photoluminescent equipment shall be evaluated, tested and applied in accordance with the guidelines developed by the International Maritime Organization. (L.N. 410 of 1995; L.N. 157 of 2001; E.R. 1 of 2022)(5C) The crew accommodation areas of a passenger ship carrying more than 36 passengers must comply with the technical requirements on the emergency lighting specified in regulation 28.1.11 of specified Chapter II-2. (L.N. 254 of 2018)(6) In every ship the means of escape from any public room which may be used for the purpose of concerts, cinema shows and similar forms of entertainment shall be adequate, having regard to the number of persons who may be in the audience, and the seating shall be arranged in rows to ensure free access to the exits. When in any such public room subdued lighting is used, the exits shall be clearly marked with illuminated signs and any doors shall be constructed to open outwards.(7) In the machinery spaces in every ship of Classes I, II and II(A) there shall be provided from each machinery space two means of escape in compliance with the following provisions—(a) where the space is below the bulkhead deck the 2 means of escape shall consist of either—(i) 2 sets of steel ladders as widely separated as possible, leading to doors in the upper part of the space similarly separated and from which access is provided to the appropriate lifeboat and liferaft embarkation decks; one of these ladders shall be provided with continuous fire shelter from the lower part of the space to a safe position outside the space; or(ii) one steel ladder leading to a door in the upper part of the space from which access is provided to such embarkation deck and additionally in the lower part of the space and in a position well separated from the ladder referred to, a steel door capable of being operated from each side and which provides a safe escape route to the lifeboat and liferaft embarkation deck;(b) where the space is above the bulkhead deck, the 2 means of escape shall be as widely separated as possible. The doors leading from such means of escape shall be in a position from which access is provided to the appropriate lifeboat and liferaft embarkation decks; where such escapes require the use of ladders these shall be of steel;(c) in a ship of less than 1,000 tons the Director may permit one of the means of escape required by this subregulation to be dispensed with having regard to the width and disposition of the upper part of the machinery space; in a ship of 1,000 tons or over the Director may permit one of the means of escape required by this subregulation to be dispensed with provided that either a door or a steel ladder provides a safe escape route to the embarkation deck having regard to the nature and location of the space and whether persons are normally employed in that space; and(d) every post October 1994 ship shall be provided with 2 means of escape from a machinery control room located within a machinery space, at least one of which will provide continuous fire shelter to a safe position outside the machinery spaces. (L.N. 410 of 1995)(8) In every ship one of the means of escape from the machinery spaces where the crew is normally employed shall avoid access to any special category spaces or ro/ro cargo spaces. Part VII Structural Fire Protection: Ships other than Passenger Ships or Tankers to which Part VIII Applies Ships of Classes VII, VII(A), VIII, VIII(A), IX and IX(A) and certain Tankers of Classes VII(T), VIII(A)(T) and IX(A)(T) of 500 Tons and over 111. Application Regulations 112 to 125 inclusive shall apply to ships of Classes VII, VII(A), VIII, VIII(A), IX and IX(A) of 500 tons or over and tankers of Classes VII(T), VIII(T), VIII(A)(T) and IX(A)(T) of 500 tons or over other than tankers to which Part VIII applies. 112. Structure (1) The hull, superstructures, structural bulkheads, decks and deckhouses shall be constructed of steel or other equivalent material except that the crowns and casings of machinery spaces of Category A shall be constructed only of steel.(2) Where any part of the structure is of aluminium alloy, the following requirements shall apply—(a) the insulation of aluminium alloy components of “A” Class divisions or “B” Class divisions, and supports of such divisions, shall be such that the temperature of the structural core does not rise more than 200oC above the ambient temperature at any time during a standard fire test of 60 minutes duration in the case of an “A” Class division and 30 minutes duration in the case of a “B” Class division; and(b) the insulation of aluminium alloy components of columns, stanchions and other structural members required to support lifeboat and liferaft stowage, launching and embarkation areas, shall be such that the temperature rise limitation specified in paragraph (a) shall apply for 60 minutes duration. 112A. Helicopter decks (1) Subregulations (2), (3) and (4) apply to a post 1992 ship (other than a post-1998 ship) having a helicopter deck. (L.N. 254 of 2018)(1A) Subregulation (5) applies to a post-1998 ship. (L.N. 254 of 2018)(2) Subject to subregulation (4), the helicopter deck shall be of steel equivalent fire-resistant construction.(3) If the space below the helicopter deck is of a high fire risk, the insulation standard shall be to the satisfaction of the Director.(4) If the Director so permits, the helicopter deck may be constructed of aluminium or other low melting metal construction that is not made equivalent to steel, except that—(a) if the platform is cantilevered over the side of the ship, then, after the occurrence of a fire on the ship or on the platform, the platform shall undergo a structural analysis to determine its suitability for further use;(b) if the platform is located above the ship’s deckhouse or similar structure—(i) the deckhouse top and bulkheads under the platform shall have no openings;(ii) all windows under the platform shall be provided with steel shutters;(iii) after a fire on or in close proximity to the platform, the platform shall undergo a structural analysis to determine its suitability for further use.(5) Provisions of helicopter facilities on a ship must be in accordance with the Standards for On-board Helicopter Facilities adopted by the International Maritime Organization by Resolution A.855(20). (L.N. 254 of 2018)(L.N. 410 of 1995) 113. Method of fire protection One of the following methods of protection shall be adopted in the accommodation and service spaces—(a) Method IC—The construction of all internal divisional bulkheading shall be of non-combustible “B” Class divisions or “C” Class divisions without the installation of an automatic sprinkler fire detection and fire alarm system in the accommodation and service spaces, except as required by regulation 123; or(b) Method IIC—An automatic sprinkler, fire detection and fire alarm system as required by regulation 123 shall be fitted for the detection and extinction of fire in all spaces in which fire might be expected to originate with no restriction on the type of internal divisional bulkheading; or(c) Method IIIC—A fixed fire detection and fire alarm system, as required by regulation 123 shall be fitted in all spaces in which a fire might be expected to originate with no restriction on the type of internal divisional bulkheading, except that in no case shall the area of any accommodation space or spaces bounded by continuous “A” Class divisions and/or “B” Class divisions exceed 50 square metres subject to the requirements of regulation 114(4). 114. Bulkheads within accommodation spaces, service spaces and control stations (1) All bulkheads which are required to be “B” Class divisions shall extend from deck to deck and to the shell or other boundaries, unless continuous “B” Class ceilings and/or linings are fitted on both sides of the bulkhead in which case the bulkhead may terminate at the continuous ceiling and/or lining.(2) In ships where Method IC is adopted all bulkheads which are not required by this Part to be either “A” Class divisions or “B” Class divisions, shall be “C” Class divisions.(3) In ships where Method IIC is adopted there shall be no restriction on the construction of bulkheads which are not required by this Part to be “A” Class divisions or “B” Class divisions except where “C” Class bulkheads are required in accordance with table 7 at the end of regulation 115.(4) In ships where Method IIIC is adopted there is no restriction on the construction of bulkheads which are not required to be “A” Class divisions or “B” Class divisions except where “C” Class bulkheads are required in accordance with table 7 at the end of regulation 115. In no case shall the area of any accommodation space or spaces bounded by continuous “A” Class divisions and/or “B” Class divisions exceed 50 square metres provided that the Director may permit this area to be exceeded in public spaces. 115. Fire integrity of bulkheads and decks (1) In addition to complying with the specific provisions for fire integrity of bulkheads and decks mentioned elsewhere in this Part, the minimum fire integrity of bulkheads and decks shall be as prescribed in tables 7 and 8.(2) The following requirements shall govern application of the tables—(a) tables 7 and 8 shall apply respectively to the bulkheads and decks separating adjacent spaces;(b) for determining the appropriate fire integrity standards to be applied to divisions between adjacent spaces, such spaces are classified according to their fire risk as shown in categories (1) to (11) below; where the contents and use of a space are such that there may be doubt as to its classification for the purpose of this regulation, it shall be treated as a space within the relevant category having the most stringent boundary requirements; the number in parentheses preceding each category refers to the applicable column or row in the tables—(1) control stations;(2) corridors include—corridors and lobbies;(3) accommodation spaces are—spaces as defined in regulation 1(3) excluding stairways, corridors and lobbies;(4) stairways include—interior stairways, lifts and escalators (other than those wholly contained within the machinery spaces) and enclosures thereto; a stairway which is enclosed only at one level shall be regarded as part of the space from which it is not separated by a fire door;(5) service spaces of low risk are—(i) in a ship other than a post 1992 ship, lockers and store-rooms having areas of less than 2 square metres, drying rooms and laundries;(ii) in a post 1992 ship, lockers and store-rooms not having provision for the storage of flammable liquids and having areas of less than 4 square metres, and drying rooms and laundries; (L.N. 410 of 1995)(6) machinery spaces of Category A;(7) other machinery spaces;(8) cargo spaces are—cargo spaces as defined in regulation 1(3) and including trunkways and hatchways to such spaces but excluding spaces in category (11);(9) service spaces of high risk are—(i) in a ship other than a post 1992 ship, galleys, pantries containing cooking appliances, paint and lamp rooms, lockers and store-rooms having areas of 2 square metres or more, and workshops other than those forming part of the machinery spaces;(ii) in a post 1992 ship, galleys, pantries containing cooking appliances, paint and lamp rooms, lockers and store-rooms having areas of 4 square metres or more, spaces for the storage of flammable liquids, and workshops other than those forming part of the machinery spaces; (L.N. 410 of 1995)(10) open decks are—open deck spaces and enclosed promenades having no fire risk; air spaces (the space outside superstructures and deckhouses); (E.R. 1 of 2022)(11) ro/ro cargo spaces etc. are—ro/ro cargo spaces as defined in regulation 1(3); other cargo spaces intended for the carriage of motor vehicles with fuel in their tanks for their own propulsion;(c) continuous “B” Class ceilings or linings, in association with the relevant decks or bulkheads, may be accepted as contributing, wholly or in part, to the required insulation and integrity of a division;(d) external boundaries which are required in regulation 112 to be of steel or other equivalent material may be pierced for the fitting of windows and sidescuttles. Similarly in such boundaries doors may be of materials to the satisfaction of the Director;(e) the integrity of “A” Class divisions shall be maintained at the intersections and boundaries of such divisions; and(f) (i) where superscripts a to i inclusive occur in tables 7 and 8 the following shall apply— a no special requirements are imposed upon bulkheads in Method IIC fire protection (that is bulkheads may be combustible); b no special requirements are imposed upon bulkheads in Method IIIC fire protection (that is bulkheads may be combustible) except that “A” Class bulkheads and/or “B” Class bulkheads shall be provided between spaces or groups of spaces of 50 square metres and over in area; c regulation 116 applies; d where spaces are of the same numerical category and superscript d appears, a bulkhead or deck of the rating shown in the tables is only required when the adjacent spaces are for a different purpose; e bulkheads separating the wheelhouse, chartroom and radio office from each other may be “B-0” standard; (E.R. 1 of 2022) f spaces for the storage of gas cylinders containing the fire extinguishing medium for cargo spaces shall not be located adjacent to such cargo spaces; g for cargo spaces in which dangerous goods are intended to be carried, regulation 143(3)(m) applies; h bulkheads and decks separating ro/ro cargo spaces shall be capable of being closed reasonably gastight and such divisions shall have “A” Class integrity in so far as is reasonable and practicable in the opinion of the Director; and i fire insulation need not be fitted if the machinery space in Category (7) has little or no fire risk in the opinion of the Director; and (ii) where an asterisk appears in the tables, the division is required to be of steel or other equivalent but is not required to be an “A” Class division. Table 7—Fire Integrity of Bulkheads Separating Adjacent Spaces Spaces (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) Control stations (1) A-0c A-0 A-60 A-0 A-15 A-60 A-15 A-60f A-60 * A-60f Corridors (2) C B-0 B-0 A-0c B-0 A-60 A-0 A-0 A-0 * A-30 Accommodation spaces (3) Ca,b B-0 A-0c B-0 A-60 A-0 A-0 A-0 * A-30 Stairways (4) B-0 A-0c B-0 A-0c A-60 A-0 A-0 A-0 * A-30 Service spaces of low risk (5) C A-60 A-0 A-0 A-0 * A-0 Machinery spaces of Category A (6) * A-0 A-0g A-60 * A-60 Other machinery spaces (7) A-0d A-0 A-0 * A-0 Cargo spaces (8) * A-0 * A-0 Service spaces of high risk (9) A-0d * A-30 Open decks (10) － A-0 Ro-ro cargo spaces etc. (11) *h (E.R. 1 of 2022) Table 8—Fire Integrity of Decks Separating Adjacent Spaces Spacebelow↓ Spaceabove → (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) Control stations (1) A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-60 A-0 A-0 A-0 * A-60 Corridors (2) A-0 * * A-0 * A-60 A-0 A-0 A-0 * A-30 Accommodation spaces (3) A-60 A-0 * A-0 * A-60 A-0 A-0 A-0 * A-30 Stairways (4) A-0 A-0 A-0 * A-0 A-60 A-0 A-0 A-0 * A-30 Service spaces of low risk (5) A-15 A-0 A-0 A-0 * A-60 A-0 A-0 A-0 * A-0 Machinery spaces of Category A (6) A-60 A-60 A-60 A-60 A-60 * A-60i A-30 A-60 * A-60 Other machinery spaces (7) A-15 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 * A-0 A-0 * A-0 Cargo spaces (8) A-60f A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 * A-0 * A-0 Service spaces of high risk (9) A-60 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-60 A-0 A-0 A-0d * A-30 Open decks (10) * * * * * * * * * － * Ro/ro cargo spaces etc. (11) A-60f A-30 A-30 A-30 A-0 A-60 A-0 A-0 A-30 * *h (E.R. 1 of 2022) 116. Protection of stairways and lifts in accommodation and service spaces (1) Every stairway within accommodation spaces, service spaces and control stations shall be constructed of steel except where the Director may approve the use of other equivalent material. Every such stairway and lift shall lie respectively within an enclosure or trunk constructed of “A” Class divisions of “A-0” standard except that an isolated stairway serving only two decks shall only be required to be enclosed at one level by either “A” Class divisions of “A-0” standard or “B” divisions of “B-0” standard provided that the fire integrity of any bulkhead which separates a stairway from either a machinery space of Category A or a ro/ro cargo space shall be determined by reference to table 7 of regulation 115. (E.R. 1 of 2022)(2) Every opening in a stairway enclosure and lift trunk shall be provided with a means of closure which shall be permanently attached thereto and which shall comply with the requirements of regulation 117 or 118 whichever is applicable. 117. Openings in “A” Class divisions (1) Where an “A” Class division is pierced for the passage of electric cables, pipes, trunks, girders or beams or for other purposes, the arrangements shall be such that the effectiveness of the division in resisting fire is not thereby impaired.(2) The construction of all doors and frames in “A” Class bulkheads, with the means of securing the doors when closed, shall provide resistance to fire as well as to the passage of smoke and flame, as far as is reasonably practicable, equivalent to that of the bulkheads in which the doors are situated. (L.N. 440 of 1993)(3) Every door in an “A” Class bulkhead shall be so constructed that it can be opened and closed by one person from either side of the division.(4) Every door in an “A” Class bulkhead which forms part of a stairway enclosure or lift trunk serving accommodation spaces, service spaces or control stations and every door in a casing of a machinery space of Category A shall be self-closing.(5) Hold-back arrangements may be fitted to doors to which subregulation (4) refers provided that such arrangements—(a) have remote release fittings of a type which in the event of disruption of the control system will automatically close the doors; and(b) will permit each door to be closed manually.(6) Doors fitted in boundary bulkheads of machinery spaces of Category A shall be reasonably gastight and self-closing.(7) Watertight doors need not be insulated.(8) Where ventilation ducts pass through “A” Class divisions the requirements of regulation 119 shall apply. 118. Openings in “B” Class divisions (1) Where a “B” Class division is pierced for the passage of electric cables, pipes, trunks, girders or beams, or for other purposes, the arrangements shall be such that the effectiveness of the division in resisting fire is not thereby impaired.(2) The construction of all doors and door frames in “B” Class bulkheads shall provide resistance to fire as well as the passage of flame, as far as is reasonably practicable, equivalent to that of the bulkheads in which the doors are situated.(3) The number of ventilation openings in “B” Class divisions shall be kept to a minimum and shall be provided as far as is reasonably practicable only in the lower part of a door and fitted with a grille constructed of steel or under a door except that such openings shall not be provided in a door in a “B” Class division forming a stairway enclosure. The net area of any such opening or openings shall not exceed 0.05 square metre and in no case shall a gap under a door exceed 25 millimetres. The grille shall be capable of being manually closed from each side of the door.(4) Every door in a “B” Class bulkhead which forms a stairway enclosure or part thereof shall be self-closing.(5) Hold-back arrangements may be fitted to doors to which subregulation (4) refers provided that such arrangements—(a) have remote release fittings of a type which in the event of disruption of the control system will automatically close the doors; and(b) will permit each door to be closed manually. 119. Ventilation systems (1) Where ventilation systems penetrate decks, precautions shall be taken, in addition to those relating to the fire integrity of the decks required by regulation 117, to reduce the likelihood of smoke and hot gases passing from one between-deck space to another through the system. In addition to insulation requirements contained in this regulation, vertical ducts shall, be insulated as required by the tables at the end of regulation 115.(2) Ducts serving a stairway enclosure shall be taken from the fan room independently of other ducts in the ventilation system and shall not serve any other space.(3) There shall be provided for every control station situated below deck, other than a control station in the machinery space, means to ensure ventilation, visibility and freedom from smoke within it so that in the event of a fire in the ship, the equipment it contains may be operated effectively. Unless the control station is situated on, and has access to, an open deck or is provided with local closing arrangements equally effective to maintain ventilation, visibility and freedom from smoke in the event of a fire in the ship, there shall be provided at least 2 entirely separate means of supplying air to such control stations and the air inlets to these sources of supply shall be so situated that the risk of both drawing in smoke simultaneously is, as far as practicable, eliminated.(4) Ventilation ducts except those in cargo spaces, shall be constructed as follows—(a) ducts not less than 0.075 square metre in sectional area and all vertical ducts serving more than a single between-deck space shall be constructed of steel or other equivalent material;(b) subject to the requirements of paragraph (c) and of subregulations (5) and (6), ducts of less than 0.075 square metre in sectional area other than vertical ducts referred to in paragraph (a) shall be constructed of non-combustible materials; where such ducts penetrate “A” Class divisions or “B” Class divisions, the fire integrity of the division shall be maintained; (E.R. 1 of 2022)(c) ducts, not exceeding 0.02 square metre in section area nor 2 metres in length, need not be non-combustible provided that the following conditions are satisfied—(i) the ducts are constructed of— (L.N. 254 of 2018)(A) for a pre-1998 ship—suitable material having regard to the risk of fire; or(B) for a post-1998 ship—material with low flame spread characteristics; (L.N. 254 of 2018)(ii) the ducts are used only at the terminal ends of the ventilation system; and(iii) the ducts are not located closer than 0.6 metre along their lengths to penetrations of “A” Class divisions or “B” Class divisions.(5) Ducts provided for the ventilation of machinery spaces of Category A, galleys, ro/ro cargo spaces or cargo spaces intended for the carriage of motor vehicles with fuel in their tanks for their own propulsion shall not pass through accommodation spaces, service spaces or control stations unless the ducts are either—(a) (i) constructed of steel having a thickness of at least 3 millimetres and 5 millimetres for ducts the widths or diameters of which are up to and including 300 millimetres and 760 millimetres and over respectively and, in the case of such ducts, the widths or diameters of which are between 300 and 760 millimetres having a thickness to be obtained by interpolation;(ii) suitably supported and stiffened; and(iii) fitted close to the boundaries penetrated with automatic fire dampers, which are also capable of being closed manually; and(iv) insulated to “A-60” standard from the machinery space, galley, ro/ro cargo space or cargo space intended for the carriage of motor vehicles with fuel in their tanks for their own propulsion to a point at least 5 metres beyond each fire damper; or(b) (i) constructed of steel in accordance with paragraph (a)(i) and (ii); and(ii) insulated to “A-60” standard throughout the accommodation spaces, service spaces or control stations.(6) Ducts providing ventilation to accommodation spaces, service spaces or control stations shall not pass through machinery spaces of Category A, galleys, ro/ro cargo spaces or cargo spaces intended for the carriage of motor vehicles with fuel in their tanks for their own propulsion unless either—(a) (i) the ducts where they pass through a machinery space of Category A, galley, ro/ro cargo space or cargo space intended for the carriage of motor vehicles with fuel in their tanks for their own propulsion are constructed of steel in accordance with subregulation (5)(a)(i) and (ii); and(ii) automatic fire dampers, which are also capable of being closed manually, are fitted close to the boundaries penetrated; and(iii) provided that the integrity of the boundaries of the machinery space, galley, ro/ro cargo space or cargo space intended for the carriage of motor vehicles with fuel in their tanks for their own propulsion is maintained at the penetrations; or(b) (i) the ducts where they pass through a machinery space of Category A, galley, ro/ro cargo space or cargo space intended for the carriage of motor vehicles with fuel in their tanks for their own propulsion are constructed of steel in accordance with subregulation (5)(a)(i) and (ii); and(ii) are insulated to “A-60” standard within the machinery space, galley, ro/ro cargo space or cargo space intended for the carriage of motor vehicles with fuel in their tanks for their own propulsion.(7) Exhaust ducts from galley ranges, where they pass through accommodation spaces or spaces containing combustible materials, shall be constructed of “A” Class divisions.

Every such exhaust duct shall be fitted with—(a) a grease trap readily removable for cleaning;(b) an automatic fail-safe fire damper located in the lower end of the duct;(c) arrangements, operable from within the galley, for shutting off the exhaust fan; and(d) a fixed means of extinguishing a fire within the duct using either carbon dioxide, or a water spray system.In addition to complying with paragraph (b), galley ventilation ducts shall also comply with subregulation (5).(8) Where a ventilation duct of sectional area exceeding 0.02 square metre passes through an “A” Class bulkhead or deck, the opening in the bulkhead or deck shall be lined with a steel sleeve unless the duct, where it passes through the bulkhead or deck, is constructed of steel. At the penetration the sleeve or duct shall comply with the following specification—(a) the duct or sleeve shall have a thickness of at least 3 millimetres over a length of 900 millimetres and as far as possible one half of that length shall be on each side of the bulkhead or deck; the duct or sleeve shall be insulated so as to maintain the standard of fire integrity of the bulkhead or deck; and(b) every duct shall be fitted with a fire damper which is capable of being closed manually from each side of the division unless the Director determines otherwise; in every duct of sectional area exceeding 0.075 square metre, the fire damper shall also operate automatically; the manual operating position shall be readily accessible and be marked in red light-reflecting colour; the damper shall be fitted with a visible indicator showing whether the damper is in the open or shut position; fire dampers are not required, however, where ducts pass through spaces surrounded by “A” Class divisions without serving those spaces, provided that those ducts have the same fire integrity and insulation value as the divisions which they pierce; where divisions have differing “A” Class standards, the ducts shall be of the higher standard.(9) Where a ventilation duct of sectional area exceeding 0.02 square metre passes through a “B” Class division, the opening shall be lined with a steel sleeve of 900 millimetres in length unless the duct, where it passes through the division, is constructed of steel. One half of this length shall as far as possible be on each side of the division.(10) For a post-1998 ship, the ventilation arrangements referred to in regulations 16.11.1 and 16.11.2 of specified Chapter II-2 must be tested in accordance with the Fire Test Procedures Code. (L.N. 254 of 2018) 120. Details of construction (1) Where Method IC is adopted ceilings, linings, draught stops and their associated grounds in accommodation and service spaces and control stations shall be non-combustible.(2) Where Method IIC or Method IIIC is adopted ceilings, linings, draught stops and their associated grounds in corridors and stairway enclosures serving accommodation and service spaces and control stations shall be non-combustible. 121. Restriction of combustible materials (1) All exposed surfaces in corridors and stairway enclosures and surfaces in concealed or inaccessible spaces within accommodation and service spaces and control stations shall be such that a surface spread of flame of Class 1 is not exceeded.(2) In a pre-1998 ship, primary deck coverings in accommodation and service spaces and control stations shall be of an approved material which will not readily ignite or give rise to toxic or explosive hazards at elevated temperatures. (L.N. 254 of 2018)(2A) In a post-1998 ship, primary deck coverings referred to in regulation 49.3 of specified Chapter II-2 must be of material approved by the Administration in accordance with the Fire Test Procedures Code. (L.N. 254 of 2018)(3) In a pre-1998 ship, paints, varnishes and other finishes used on exposed surfaces within accommodation and service spaces, control stations and machinery spaces shall not contain nitrocellulose or other highly flammable base products and shall not be capable of producing excessive quantities of smoke. Such surfaces, except where otherwise required by these regulations, shall be such that a surface spread of flame of Class 2 will not be exceeded: provided that these requirements shall not apply to furniture, furnishings, machinery and similar items. (L.N. 254 of 2018)(3A) In a post-1998 ship, paints, varnishes and other finishes used on exposed interior surfaces must comply with the requirements specified in regulation 49.2 of specified Chapter II-2. (L.N. 254 of 2018)(4) (a) In a pre-1998 ship, insulating materials shall be of non-combustible materials except in respect of— (L.N. 254 of 2018)(i) cargo spaces;(ii) materials used to insulate refrigerated compartments;(iii) materials used to insulate valves associated with hot and cold service systems provided that their exposed surfaces are such that a surface spread of flame of Class 1 will not be exceeded; and(iv) vapour barriers and adhesives used in conjunction with insulating materials, if their exposed surfaces are such that a surface spread of flame of Class 1 will not be exceeded.(ab) In a post-1998 ship, insulating materials must be of non-combustible materials except in respect of—(i) cargo spaces;(ii) refrigerated compartments of service spaces; and(iii) vapour barriers and adhesives used in conjunction with insulation, and insulation of pipe fittings, for cold service systems provided that—(A) their quantity is kept to the minimum; and(B) the material of their exposed surfaces is of low flame spread characteristics. (L.N. 254 of 2018)(b) In a ship other than a post 1992 ship, a non-combustible bulkhead, lining or ceiling fitted in an accommodation or service space may have a combustible veneer which—(i) in corridors, stairway enclosures and control stations, does not exceed 1.5 millimetres in thickness;(ii) in any other accommodation or service space, does not exceed 2.0 millimetres in thickness. (L.N. 410 of 1995)(c) In a post 1992 ship—(i) the total volume of combustible facings, mouldings, decorations and veneers in any accommodation or service space bounded by non-combustible bulkheads, ceilings and linings shall not exceed a volume equivalent to a 2.5 millimetres veneer on the combined area of the walls and ceilings;(ii) a non-combustible bulkhead, lining or ceiling fitted in an accommodation or service space may have a combustible veneer with a gross calorific potential not exceeding 45 megajoules per square metre of surface area for the thickness used as measured in accordance with the method specified in International Standard ISO 1716-1973(E), or with any International Standard replacing the same which the Director considers relevant from time to time and specifies in a Merchant Shipping Notice. (L.N. 410 of 1995) 122. Miscellaneous items of fire protection (1) Any pipe which penetrates an “A” Class division or “B” Class division shall be of suitable material having regard to the temperature such divisions are required to withstand.(2) In accommodation spaces, service spaces or control stations pipes intended to convey oil or other flammable liquids shall be of a suitable material having regard to the risk of fire.(3) Overboard scuppers, sanitary discharges or other outlets close to or below the waterline shall not be of a material likely to fail in the event of fire and thereby give rise to danger of flooding.(4) Electric space heaters shall be fixed in position and shall be so constructed as to reduce the risk of fire to a minimum. No such heater shall be constructed with an element so exposed that clothing, curtains or other material can be scorched or set on fire by heat from the element.(5) Cellulose-nitrate film shall not be used in cinematograph installations.(6) All waste-paper receptacles shall be constructed of non-combustible materials with solid sides and bottoms.(7) In spaces where penetration of oil products is possible, the exposed surface of insulation materials shall be impervious to oil or oil vapours.(8) Every air space enclosed behind a ceiling, panel or lining within accommodation spaces, service spaces and control stations shall be divided by close fitting draught stops which shall be spaced not more than 14 metres apart and which shall be closed at each deck. 123. Fixed fire detection and fire alarm system, and automatic sprinkler, fire detection and fire alarm system (1) In ships in which Method IC is adopted, a fixed fire detection and fire alarm system of an approved type complying with the requirements specified in Schedule 11 shall be so installed and arranged as to provide smoke detection and manually operated call points in all corridors, stairways and escape routes within accommodation spaces.(2) In ships in which Method IIC is adopted, an automatic sprinkler, fire detection and fire alarm system of an approved type complying with the requirements specified in Schedule 7 shall be so installed and arranged as to protect accommodation spaces, galleys and other service spaces, except spaces which afford no substantial fire risk such as void spaces and sanitary spaces. In addition, a fixed fire detection and fire alarm system complying with the requirements specified in Schedule 11 shall be so installed and arranged as to provide smoke detection and manually operated call points in all corridors, stairways and escape routes within accommodation spaces.(3) In ships in which Method IIIC is adopted, a fixed fire detection and fire alarm system of an approved type complying with the requirements specified in Schedule 11 shall be so installed and arranged as to detect the presence of fire in all accommodation spaces and service spaces, except spaces which afford no substantial fire risk such as void spaces and sanitary spaces. Notwithstanding the foregoing exception smoke detection and manually operated call points shall be installed in all corridors, stairways and escape routes. 124. Special arrangements in machinery spaces The following provisions shall apply to machinery spaces—(a) the number of openings to machinery spaces shall be the minimum compatible with the proper working of the ship;(b) windows shall not be fitted in machinery space boundaries;(c) any machinery space of Category A which is accessible from an adjacent shaft tunnel shall be provided with a light-weight steel fire-screen door in addition to any watertight door; the fire-screen door shall be operable from each side and shall be located at the shaft tunnel side of the bulkhead. 125. Means of escape (1) In every ship stairways and ladderways shall be arranged so as to provide ready means of escape to the lifeboat and liferaft embarkation deck from all accommodation spaces, service spaces and other spaces in which the crew are normally employed. In particular the following shall be complied with—(a) at all levels of accommodation there shall be provided at least 2 widely separated means of escape from each restricted space or group of spaces;(b) below the lowest open deck such escapes shall be by means of stairways except that one of these stairways may be replaced by a trunked vertical ladder;(c) above the lowest open deck the means of escape shall be stairways or doors to an open deck or a combination thereof;(d) one of the means of escape may be dispensed with in an exceptional case having regard to the nature and location of the space and to the number of persons who normally might be accommodated or employed there;(e) no dead-end corridors having a length of more than 7 metres shall be permitted; a dead-end corridor is a corridor or part of a corridor from which there is only one escape route;(f) the width and continuity of the means of escape shall be to the satisfaction of the Director; and(g) if a radio office has no direct access to the open deck, 2 means of escape from such office shall be provided; the Director may permit one of these escapes to be an opening type window or sidescuttle of sufficient size.(2) In all cargo spaces intended for the carriage of motor vehicles with fuel in their tanks for their own propulsion where the crew is normally employed the number and locations of escape routes to the open deck shall be to the satisfaction of the Director but shall in no case be less than 2 and shall be as widely separated as possible.(3) In every ship 2 means of escape shall be provided from each machinery space of Category A. In particular one of the following provisions shall be complied with—(a) 2 sets of steel ladders as widely separated as possible leading to doors in the upper part of the space similarly separated and from which access is provided to the lifeboat or liferaft embarkation deck or decks; in general, one of these ladders shall provide continuous fire shelter from the lower part of the space to a safe position outside the space; the shelter shall be of steel, insulated where necessary, and be provided with a self-closing steel door at the lower end; or(b) one steel ladder leading to a door in the upper part of the space from which access is provided to the lifeboat or liferaft embarkation deck or decks and additionally, in the lower part of the space and in a position well separated from the ladder referred to, a steel door capable of being operated from each side and which provides access to a safe escape route from the lower part of the space to the lifeboat and liferaft embarkation deck.(4) In a ship of less than 1,000 tons the Director may permit one of the means of escape required by subregulation (3) to be dispensed with having regard to the size and disposition of the upper part of the space.(5) From machinery spaces other than machinery spaces of Category A, escape routes shall be provided to the satisfaction of the Director having regard to the nature and location of the space and the number of persons normally employed in that space.(6) Lifts shall not be considered as forming one of the required means of escape as required by this regulation. 126. No provision. Part VIII Structural Fire Protection: Tankers Tankers of Classes VII(T), VIII(T), VIII(A)(T) and IX(A)(T) of 500 Tons and over 127. Application Regulations 128 to 142 inclusive apply to tankers of Classes VII(T), VIII(T), VIII(A)(T) and IX(A)(T) of 500 tons and over carrying crude oil and petroleum products having a closed flash-point not exceeding 60oC, and the Reid vapour pressure of which is below that of atmospheric pressure, or other liquids having a similar or additional fire hazard; and to gas carriers. 128. Structure (1) The hull, superstructures, structural bulkheads, decks and deckhouses shall be constructed of steel or other equivalent material, except that the crowns and casings of machinery spaces of Category A and the exterior boundaries of superstructures and deckhouses which are required to be insulated to “A-60” standard in compliance with regulation 129, shall be constructed only of steel.(2) Where any part of the structure is of aluminium alloy, the following requirements shall apply—(a) the insulation of aluminium alloy components of “A” Class divisions or “B” Class divisions, and supports of such divisions, shall be such that the temperature of the structural core does not rise more than 200°C above the ambient temperature at any time during a standard fire test of 60 minutes duration in the case of an “A” Class division and 30 minutes duration in the case of a “B” Class division; and(b) the insulation of aluminium alloy components of columns, stanchions and other structural members required to support lifeboat and liferaft stowage, launching and embarkation areas, shall be such that the temperature rise limitation specified in paragraph (a) shall apply for 60 minutes duration. 128A. Helicopter decks (1) Subregulations (2), (3) and (4) apply to a post 1992 ship (other than a post-1998 ship) having a helicopter deck. (L.N. 254 of 2018)(1A) Subregulation (5) applies to a post-1998 ship. (L.N. 254 of 2018)(2) Subject to subregulation (4), the helicopter deck shall be of steel equivalent fire-resistant construction.(3) If the space below the helicopter deck is of a high fire risk, the insulation standard shall be to the satisfaction of the Director.(4) If the Director so permits, the helicopter deck may be constructed of aluminium or other low melting metal construction that is not made equivalent to steel, except that—(a) if the platform is cantilevered over the side of the ship, then, after the occurrence of a fire on the ship or on the platform, the platform shall undergo a structural analysis to determine its suitability for further use;(b) if the platform is located above the ship’s deckhouse or similar structure—(i) the deckhouse top and bulkheads under the platform shall have no openings;(ii) all windows under the platform shall be provided with steel shutters;(iii) after a fire on or in close proximity to the platform, the platform shall undergo a structural analysis to determine its suitability for further use.(5) Provisions of helicopter facilities on a ship must be in accordance with the Standards for On-board Helicopter Facilities adopted by the International Maritime Organization by Resolution A.855(20). (L.N. 254 of 2018)(L.N. 410 of 1995) 129. Exterior boundaries of superstructures and deckhouses (1) Exterior boundaries of superstructures and deckhouses enclosing accommodation, including any overhanging decks which support such accommodation, shall be insulated to “A-60” standard for the whole of the portions which face the cargo area and on the side portions for a distance of not less than 3 metres from the portions which face the cargo area.(1A) In a post-1998 ship, exterior boundaries of superstructures and deckhouses enclosing accommodation, including overhanging decks that support such accommodation, must be constructed of steel. (L.N. 254 of 2018)(2) Entrances, air inlets and openings to accommodation spaces, service spaces and control stations shall not face the cargo area. They shall be located on the transverse bulkhead not facing the cargo area or on the outboard side of the superstructure or deckhouse at a distance of at least 4% of the length of the ship but not less than 3 metres from the end of the superstructure or deckhouse facing the cargo area; provided that such distance need not exceed 5 metres.(3) No doors shall be fitted within the limits specified in subregulation (2) except that the Director may permit doors to a space within those limits if—(a) that space is a cargo control station, provisions room or store room; and(b) that space does not have access to any accommodation space, service space or control station.Where such doors are fitted to a space located aft of the cargo area, the boundaries of the space shall be insulated to “A-60” standard, with the exception of the boundary facing the cargo area. Bolted plates for removal of machinery may be fitted within the limits specified in subregulation (2). Wheelhouse doors and wheelhouse windows may be located within the limits specified in subregulation (2) so long as they are designed to ensure that the wheelhouse can be made rapidly and efficiently gas and vapour tight.(4) Windows and sidescuttles facing the cargo area and on the sides of the superstructures and deckhouses within the limits specified in subregulation (2) must be of fixed (non-opening) type. (L.N. 254 of 2018)(5) In a pre-1998 ship, the windows and sidescuttles located in the first tier on the main deck must be fitted with inside covers of steel or other equivalent material. (L.N. 254 of 2018)(6) In a post-1998 ship, windows and sidescuttles (except wheelhouse windows) must be constructed to “A-60” standard. (L.N. 254 of 2018)(7) In a post-1998 ship, a permanent access from a pipe tunnel to the main pump-room must be fitted with a watertight door that complies with the requirements specified in regulation 25-9.2 of specified Chapter II-1 and regulation 56.9 of specified Chapter II-2. (L.N. 254 of 2018) 130. Boundary bulkheads and decks of machinery spaces of Category A and cargo pump rooms (1) Windows and sidescuttles shall not be fitted in internal or external boundary bulkheads or decks of machinery spaces of Category A and cargo pump rooms, or in skylights to such spaces, except that such windows and sidescuttles may be fitted in a bulkhead between a machinery space of Category A and a machinery control room located within the boundaries of such a space.(2) Skylights to machinery spaces of Category A and cargo pump rooms shall be capable of being closed and opened from outside the spaces which they serve. 131. Bulkheads within accommodation spaces, service spaces and control stations (1) All bulkheads which are not required to be either “A” Class divisions or “B” Class divisions shall be “C” Class divisions.(2) All bulkheads required to be “B” Class divisions shall extend from deck to deck and to the shell plating or other boundaries, except that where continuous “B” Class ceilings and/or linings are fitted on both sides of the bulkheads the bulkheads may terminate at such ceilings and/or linings.(3) All materials used in the construction of “B” Class divisions and “C” Class divisions and doors in “B” Class bulkheads and “C” Class bulkheads shall be non-combustible. 132. Fire integrity of bulkheads and decks (1) In addition to complying with the specific provisions for fire integrity of bulkheads and decks mentioned elsewhere in this Part the minimum fire integrity of bulkheads and decks shall be as prescribed in tables 9 and 10.(2) The following requirements shall govern application of the tables—(a) tables 9 and 10 shall apply respectively to the bulkheads and decks separating adjacent spaces;(b) for determining the appropriate fire integrity standards to be applied to divisions between adjacent spaces, such spaces are classified according to their fire risk as shown in categories (1) to (10) below; the title of each category is intended to be typical rather than restrictive; the number in parentheses preceding each category refers to the applicable column or row in the tables—(1) control stations;(2) corridors include—corridors and lobbies;(3) accommodation spaces are—spaces as defined in regulation 1(3) excluding stairways, corridors and lobbies;(4) stairways include—interior stairways, lifts and escalators (other than those wholly contained within the machinery spaces) and enclosures thereto; a stairway which is enclosed only at one level shall be regarded as part of the space from which it is not separated by a fire door;(5) service spaces of low risk are—(i) in a ship other than a post 1992 ship, lockers and store-rooms having areas of less than 2 square metres, drying rooms and laundries;(ii) in a post 1992 ship, lockers and store-rooms not having provision for the storage of flammable liquids and having areas of less than 4 square metres, and drying rooms and laundries; (L.N. 410 of 1995)(6) machinery spaces of Category A;(7) other machinery spaces;(8) cargo pump rooms are—spaces containing cargo pumps and entrances and trunks to such spaces;(9) service spaces of high risk are—(i) in a ship other than a post 1992 ship, galleys, pantries containing cooking appliances, paint and lamp rooms, lockers and store-rooms having areas of 2 square metres or more, and workshops other than those forming part of the machinery spaces;(ii) in a post 1992 ship, galleys, pantries containing cooking appliances, paint and lamp rooms, lockers and store-rooms having areas of 4 square metres or more, spaces for the storage of flammable liquids, and workshops other than those forming part of the machinery spaces; (L.N. 410 of 1995)(10) open decks are—open deck spaces and enclosed promenades having no fire risk; air spaces (the space outside superstructures and deckhouses);(c) continuous “B” Class ceilings or linings, in association with the relevant decks or bulkheads, may be accepted as contributing, wholly or in part, to the required insulation and integrity of a division;(d) external boundaries which are required in regulation 129 to be of steel or other equivalent material may be pierced for the fitting of windows and sidescuttles. Similarly, in such boundaries doors may be of materials to the satisfaction of the Director;(e) permanent approved gastight lighting enclosures for illuminating cargo pump rooms may be permitted in bulkheads and decks separating cargo pump rooms and other spaces provided they are of adequate strength and the “A” Class integrity and gastightness of such bulkheads and decks are not impaired;(f) the integrity of “A” Class divisions shall be maintained at the intersections and boundaries of such divisions; and(g) (i) where superscripts a to e inclusive occur in tables 9 and 10 the following shall apply— a regulation 133 applies; b where spaces are of the same numerical category and superscript b appears, a bulkhead or deck of the rating shown in the tables is only required when the adjacent spaces are for a different purpose; c bulkheads separating the wheelhouse, chartroom and radio room from each other may be “B-0” standard; (E.R. 1 of 2022) d bulkheads and decks between cargo pump rooms and machinery spaces of Category A may be penetrated by cargo pump shaft glands and similar glanded penetrations, provided that gastight seals and efficient lubrication or other means of ensuring the permanence of the gastight seals are fitted in any of the bulkheads and decks; and e fire insulation need not be fitted if the machinery space in category (7) has little or no fire risk in the opinion of the Director; (ii) where an asterisk appears in the tables, the division is required to be of steel or other equivalent material but is not required to be an “A” Class division. Table 9—Fire Integrity of Bulkheads Separating Adjacent Spaces Spaces (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) Control stations (1) A-0c A-0 A-60 A-0 A-15 A-60 A-15 A-60 A-60 * Corridors (2) C B-0 B-0 A-0a B-0 A-60 A-0 A-60 A-0 * Accommodation spaces (3) C B-0 A-0a B-0 A-60 A-0 A-60 A-0 * Stairways (4) B-0 A-0a B-0 A-0a A-60 A-0 A-60 A-0 * Service spaces of low risk (5) C A-60 A-0 A-60 A-0 * Machinery spaces of Category A (6) * A-0 A-0d A-60 * Other machinery spaces (7) A-0b A-0 A-0 * Cargo pump rooms (8) * A-60 * Service spaces of high risk (9) A-0b * Open decks (10) － (E.R. 1 of 2022) Table 10—Fire Integrity of Decks Separating Adjacent Spaces Spacebelow↓ Spaceabove → (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) Control stations (1) A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-60 A-0 － A-0 * Corridors (2) A-0 * * A-0 * A-60 A-0 － A-0 * Accommodation spaces (3) A-60 A-0 * A-0 * A-60 A-0 － A-0 * Stairways (4) A-0 A-0 A-0 * A-0 A-60 A-0 － A-0 * Service spaces of low risk (5) A-15 A-0 A-0 A-0 * A-60 A-0 － A-0 * Machinery spaces of Category A (6) A-60 A-60 A-60 A-60 A-60 * A-60c A-0 A-60 * Other machinery spaces (7) A-15 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 * A-0 A-0 * Cargo pump rooms (8) － － － － － A-0d A-0 * － * Service spaces of high risk (9) A-60 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-60 A-0 － A-0b * Open decks (10) * * * * * * * * * － (E.R. 1 of 2022) 133. Protection of stairways and lifts in accommodation and service spaces (1) Every stairway within accommodation spaces, service spaces and control stations shall be constructed of steel except where the Director may approve the use of other equivalent material. Every such stairway and lift shall lie respectively within an enclosure or trunk constructed of “A” Class divisions of “A-0” standard except that an isolated stairway serving only two decks shall only be required to be enclosed at one level by either “A” Class divisions of “A-0” standard or “B” Class divisions of “B-0” standard provided that the fire integrity of any bulkhead which separates a stairway from either a machinery space of Category A or a cargo pump room shall be determined by reference to table 9 of regulation 132. (E.R. 1 of 2022)(2) Every opening in a stairway enclosure and lift trunk shall be provided with a means of closure which shall be permanently attached thereto and which shall comply with the requirements of regulation 134 or 135 whichever is applicable. 134. Openings in “A” Class divisions (1) Where an “A” Class division is pierced for the passage of electric cables, pipes, trunks, girders or beams or for other purposes, the arrangements shall be such that the effectiveness of the division in resisting fire is not thereby impaired.(2) The construction of all doors and frames in “A” Class bulkheads, with the means of securing the doors when closed, shall provide resistance to fire as well as to the passage of smoke and flame, as far as is reasonably practicable, equivalent to that of the bulkheads in which the doors are situated.(3) Every door in an “A” Class bulkhead shall be so constructed that it can be opened and closed by one person from either side of the division.(4) Every door in an “A” Class bulkhead which forms part of a stairway enclosure or lift trunk serving accommodation spaces, service spaces or control stations and every door in a casing of a machinery space of Category A shall be self-closing.(5) Hold-back arrangements may be fitted to doors to which subregulation (4) refers provided that such arrangements—(a) have remote release fittings of a type which in the event of disruption of the control system will automatically close the doors; and(b) will permit each door to be closed manually.(6) Doors fitted in boundary bulkheads of machinery spaces of Category A shall be reasonably gastight and self-closing.(7) Watertight doors need not be insulated.(8) Where ventilation ducts pass through “A” Class divisions the requirements of regulation 136 shall apply. 135. Openings in “B” Class divisions (1) Where a “B” Class division is pierced for the passage of electric cables, pipes, trunks, girders or beams or for other purposes, the arrangements shall be such that the effectiveness of the division in resisting fire is not thereby impaired.(2) The construction of all doors and frames in “B” Class bulkheads shall provide resistance to fire as well as to the passage of flame, as far as is reasonably practicable, equivalent to that of the bulkheads in which the doors are situated.(3) The number of ventilation openings in “B” Class divisions shall be kept to a minimum and shall be provided as far as is reasonably practicable only in the lower part of a door and fitted with a grille constructed of steel or under a door except that such openings shall not be provided in a door in a “B” Class division forming a stairway enclosure. The net area of any such opening or openings shall not exceed 0.05 square metre and in no case shall a gap under a door exceed 25 millimetres. The grille shall be capable of being manually closed from each side of the door.(4) Every door in a “B” Class bulkhead which forms a stairway enclosure or part thereof shall be self-closing.(5) Hold-back arrangements may be fitted to doors to which subregulation (4) refers provided that such arrangements—(a) have remote release fittings of a type which in the event of disruption of the control system will automatically close the doors; and(b) will permit each door to be closed manually. 136. Ventilation systems (1) Where ventilation systems penetrate decks, precautions shall be taken, in addition to those relating to the fire integrity of the decks required by regulation 134, to reduce the likelihood of smoke and hot gases passing from one between-deck space to another through the system. In addition to insulation requirements contained in this regulation, vertical ducts shall, be insulated as required by the tables at the end of regulation 132.(2) Ducts serving stairway enclosures shall be taken from the fan room independently of other ducts in the ventilation system and shall not serve any other space.(3) There shall be provided for every control station situated below deck other than a control station situated in the machinery space, means to ensure ventilation, visibility and freedom from smoke within it so that in the event of a fire in the ship, the equipment it contains may be operated effectively. Unless the control station is situated on, and has access to, an open deck or is provided with local closing arrangements equally effective to maintain ventilation, visibility and freedom from smoke in the event of a fire in the ship, there shall be provided at least two entirely separate means of supplying air to such control stations and the air inlets to these sources of supply shall be so situated that the risk of both drawing in smoke simultaneously is, as far as practicable, eliminated.(4) Ventilation ducts except those in cargo spaces, shall be constructed as follows—(a) ducts not less than 0.075 square metre in sectional area and all vertical ducts serving more than a single between-deck space shall be constructed of steel or other equivalent material;(b) subject to the requirements of paragraph (c) and of subregulations (5) and (6), ducts of less than 0.075 square metre in sectional area other than vertical ducts referred to in paragraph (a) shall be constructed of non-combustible materials; where such ducts penetrate “A” or “B” Class divisions the fire integrity of the division shall be maintained;(c) ducts, not exceeding 0.02 square metre in section area nor 2 metres in length, need not be non-combustible provided that the following conditions are satisfied—(i) the ducts are constructed of— (L.N. 254 of 2018)(A) for a pre-1998 ship—suitable material having regard to the risk of fire; or(B) for a post-1998 ship—material with low flame spread characteristics; (L.N. 254 of 2018)(ii) the ducts are used only at the terminal ends of the ventilation system; and(iii) the ducts are not located closer than 0.6 metre along their lengths to penetrations of “A” Class divisions or “B” Class divisions.(5) Ducts provided for the ventilation of machinery spaces of Category A or galleys shall not pass through accommodation spaces, service spaces or control stations unless the ducts are either—(a) (i) constructed of steel having a thickness of at least 3 millimetres and 5 millimetres for ducts the widths or diameters of which are up to and including 300 millimetres and 760 millimetres and over respectively and, in the case of such ducts, the widths or diameters of which are between 300 and 760 millimetres having a thickness to be obtained by interpolation;(ii) suitably supported and stiffened;(iii) fitted close to the boundaries penetrated with automatic fire dampers, which are also capable of being closed manually; and(iv) insulated to “A-60” standard from the machinery space, or galley to a point at least 5 metres beyond each fire damper; or(b) (i) constructed of steel in accordance with paragraph (a)(i) and (ii); and(ii) insulated to “A-60” standard throughout the accommodation spaces, service spaces or control stations.(6) Ducts providing ventilation to accommodation spaces, service spaces or control stations shall not pass through machinery spaces of Category A or galleys unless either—(a) (i) the ducts where they pass through a machinery space of Category A, or galley are constructed of steel in accordance with subregulation (5)(a)(i) and (ii); and(ii) automatic fire dampers, which are also capable of being closed manually, are fitted close to the boundaries penetrated; and(iii) provided that the integrity of the machinery space or galley boundaries is maintained at the penetrations; or(b) (i) the ducts where they pass through a machinery space of Category A, or galley are constructed of steel in accordance with subregulation (5)(a)(i) and (ii); and(ii) are insulated to “A-60” standard within the machinery space or galley.(7) Exhaust ducts from galley ranges, where they pass through accommodation spaces or spaces containing combustible materials, shall be constructed of “A” Class divisions. Every such exhaust duct shall be fitted with—(a) a grease trap readily removeable for cleaning;(b) an automatic fail-safe fire damper located in the lower end of the duct;(c) arrangements, operable from within the galley, for shutting off the exhaust fan; and(d) a fixed means of extinguishing a fire within the duct using either carbon dioxide, or a water spray system.In addition to complying with paragraph (b), galley ventilation ducts shall also comply with subregulation (5).(8) Where a ventilation duct of sectional area exceeding 0.02 square metre passes through an “A” Class bulkhead or deck, the opening in the bulkhead or deck shall be lined with a steel sleeve unless the duct, where it passes through the bulkhead or deck, is constructed of steel. At the penetration the sleeve or duct shall comply with the following specifications—(a) the duct or sleeve shall have a thickness of at least 3 millimetres over a length of 900 millimetres and as far as possible one half of that length shall be on each side of the bulkhead or deck; the duct or sleeve shall be insulated so as to maintain the standard of fire integrity of the bulkhead or deck; and(b) every duct shall be fitted with a fire damper which is capable of being closed manually from each side of the division unless the Director determines otherwise; in every duct of sectional area exceeding 0.075 square metre, the fire damper shall also operate automatically; the manual operating position shall be readily accessible and be marked in red light-reflecting colour; the damper shall be fitted with a visible indicator showing whether the damper is in the open or shut position; fire dampers are not required, however, where ducts pass through spaces surrounded by “A” Class divisions without serving those spaces, provided that those ducts have the same fire integrity and insulation value as the divisions which they pierce; where divisions have differing “A” Class standards, the ducts shall be of the higher standard.(9) Where a ventilation duct of sectional area exceeding 0.02 square metre passes through a “B” Class division, the opening shall be lined with a steel sleeve of 900 millimetres in length unless the duct, where it passes through the division, is constructed of steel. This length shall be divided, if possible, into 450 millimetres on each side of the division.(10) For a post-1998 ship, the ventilation arrangements referred to in regulations 16.11.1 and 16.11.2 of specified Chapter II-2 must be tested in accordance with the Fire Test Procedures Code. (L.N. 254 of 2018) 137. Details of construction All ceilings, linings, draught stops and their associated grounds in accommodation and service spaces and control stations shall be of non-combustible materials. 138. Restriction of combustible materials (1) All exposed surfaces in corridors and stairway enclosures and surfaces in concealed or inaccessible spaces within accommodation and service spaces and control stations shall be such that a surface spread of flame of Class 1 is not exceeded.(2) Primary deck coverings in accommodation and service spaces and control stations shall be of an approved material which will not readily ignite or give rise to toxic or explosive hazards at elevated temperatures.(3) Paints, varnishes and other finishes used on exposed surfaces within accommodation and service spaces, control stations and machinery spaces shall not contain nitrocellulose or other highly flammable base products and shall not be capable of producing excessive quantities of smoke. Such surfaces, except where otherwise required by these regulations, shall be such that a surface spread of flame of Class 2 will not be exceeded: provided that these requirements shall not apply to furniture, furnishings, machinery and similar items.(4) (a) Insulating materials shall be of non-combustible materials except in respect of—(i) materials used to insulate refrigerated compartments;(ii) materials used to insulate valves associated with hot and cold service systems provided that their exposed surfaces are such that a surface spread of flame of Class 1 will not be exceeded; and(iii) vapour barriers and adhesives used in conjunction with insulating materials, if their exposed surfaces are such that a surface spread of flame of Class 1 will not be exceeded.(b) In a ship other than a post 1992 ship, a non-combustible bulkhead, lining or ceiling fitted in an accommodation or service space may have a combustible veneer which—(i) in corridors, stairway enclosures and control stations, does not exceed 1.5 millimetres in thickness;(ii) in any other accommodation or service space, does not exceed 2.0 millimetres in thickness. (L.N. 410 of 1995)(c) In a post 1992 ship—(i) the total volume of combustible facings, mouldings, decorations and veneers in any accommodation or service space bounded by non-combustible bulkheads, ceilings and linings shall not exceed a volume equivalent to a 2.5 millimetres veneer on the combined area of the walls and ceilings;(ii) a non-combustible bulkhead, lining or ceiling fitted in an accommodation or service space may have a combustible veneer with a gross calorific potential not exceeding 45 megajoules per square metre of surface area for the thickness used as measured in accordance with the method specified in International Standard ISO 1716-1973(E), or with any International Standard replacing the same which the Director considers relevant from time to time and specifies in a Merchant Shipping Notice. (L.N. 410 of 1995) 139. Miscellaneous items of fire protection (1) Any pipe which penetrates an “A” Class division or “B” Class division shall be of suitable material having regard to the temperature such divisions are required to withstand.(2) In accommodation spaces, service spaces or control stations pipes intended to convey oil or other flammable liquids shall be of a suitable material having regard to the risk of fire.(3) Overboard scuppers, sanitary discharges or other outlets close to or below the waterline shall not be of a material likely to fail in the event of fire and thereby give rise to danger of flooding.(4) Electric space heaters shall be fixed in position and shall be so constructed as to reduce the risk of fire to a minimum. No such heater shall be constructed with an element so exposed that clothing, curtains or other material can be scorched or set on fire by heat from the element.(5) Cellulose-nitrate film shall not be used in cinematograph installations.(6) All waste-paper receptacles shall be constructed of non-combustible materials with solid sides and bottoms.(7) In spaces where penetration of oil products is possible, the exposed surface of insulation materials shall be impervious to oil or oil vapours.(8) Every air space enclosed behind a ceiling, panel or lining within accommodation spaces, service spaces and control stations shall be divided by close fitting draughts stops which shall be spaced not more than 14 metres apart and which shall be closed at each deck. 140. Fixed fire detection and fire alarm system In every tanker to which this Part applies a fixed fire detection and fire alarm system of an approved type complying with the requirements specified in Schedule 11 shall be so installed and arranged as to provide smoke detection and manually operated call points in all corridors, stairways and escape routes within accommodation spaces. 141. Special arrangements in machinery spaces The following provisions shall apply to machinery spaces—(a) the number of openings to machinery spaces shall be the minimum compatible with the proper working of the ship;(b) windows shall not be fitted in machinery space boundaries; and(c) any machinery space of Category A which is accessible from an adjacent shaft tunnel shall be provided with a light-weight steel fire-screen door in addition to any watertight door; the fire-screen door shall be operable from each side and shall be located at the shaft tunnel side of the bulkhead. 142. Means of escape (1) In every ship stairways and ladderways shall be arranged so as to provide ready means of escape to the lifeboat and liferaft embarkation deck from all accommodation spaces, service spaces and other spaces in which the crew are normally employed. In particular the following shall be complied with—(a) at all levels of accommodation there shall be provided at least 2 widely separated means of escape from each restricted space or group of spaces;(b) below the lowest open deck such escapes shall be by means of stairways except that one of these stairways may be replaced by a trunked vertical ladder;(c) above the lowest open deck the means of escape shall be stairways or doors to an open deck or a combination thereof;(d) one of the means of escape may be dispensed with in an exceptional case having regard to the nature and location of the space and to the number of persons who normally might be accommodated or employed there;(e) no dead-end corridors having a length of more than 7 metres shall be permitted; a dead-end corridor is a corridor or part of a corridor from which there is only one escape route;(f) the width and continuity of the means of escape shall be to the satisfaction of the Director;(g) if a radio office has no direct access to the open deck, 2 means of escape from such office shall be provided; the Director may permit one of these escapes to be an opening type window or sidescuttle of sufficient size.(2) In every ship 2 means of escape shall be provided from each machinery space of Category A. In particular one of the following provisions shall be complied with—(a) 2 sets of steel ladders as widely separated as possible leading to doors in the upper part of the space similarly separated and from which access is provided to the lifeboat or liferaft embarkation deck or decks; in general, one of these ladders shall provide continuous fire shelter from the lower part of the space to a safe position outside the space; the shelter shall be of steel, insulated where necessary, and be provided with a self-closing steel door at the lower end; or(b) one steel ladder leading to a door in the upper part of the space from which access is provided to the lifeboat or liferaft embarkation deck or decks and additionally, in the lower part of the space and in a position well separated from the ladder referred to, a steel door capable of being operated from each side and which provides access to a safe escape route from the lower part of the space to the lifeboat and liferaft embarkation deck.(3) In a ship of less than 1,000 tons the Director may permit one of the means of escape required by subregulation (2) to be dispensed with having regard to the size and disposition of the upper part of the space.(4) From machinery spaces other than those of Category A, escape routes shall be provided to the satisfaction of the Director having regard to the nature and location of the space and the number of persons normally employed in that space.(5) Lifts shall not be considered as forming one of the required means of escape as required by this regulation. Part IX Special Requirements for Ships Carrying Dangerous Goods 143. Application and special requirements (1) Subject to subregulations (1A) and (2), ships of the following descriptions, that is to say—(a) passenger ships;(b) cargo ships of 500 tons or over; and(c) post 1992 cargo ships of less than 500 tons,which are intended, or which contain cargo spaces which are intended, for the carriage of dangerous goods on international voyages, shall comply with the protective requirements set out in subregulation (1AA). (L.N. 410 of 1995; L.N. 254 of 2018)(1AA) The requirements are—(a) for a pre-1998 ship—the requirements specified in subregulations (4), (5), (6), (7), (8), (9), (10), (11) and (12) and tables 11, 12 and 13 in this regulation; or(b) for a post-1998 ship—the requirements specified in regulations 54.1 and 54.2, and tables 54.1, 54.2 and 54.3, of specified Chapter II-2. (L.N.

254 of 2018)(1A) For a cargo ship of less than 500 tons, the Director may (if the ship is a Hong Kong ship) reduce the said protective requirements; and if—(a) a cargo ship of less than 500 tons, the Director has reduced the said protective requirements; or(b) a cargo ship of less than 500 tons not being a Hong Kong ship, the Government of the State whose flag the ship is entitled to fly has reduced the said protective requirements pursuant to paragraph 1.1 of regulation 54 of specified Chapter II-2, (L.N. 254 of 2018)the ship may comply with the reduced requirements instead of the full protective requirements. (L.N. 410 of 1995)(2) This regulation shall not apply to ships or spaces intended for the carriage of dangerous goods in limited quantities as referred to in regulation 54 of specified Chapter II-2. (L.N. 254 of 2018; L.N. 153 of 2022)(3) Nothing in this regulation shall be taken to require duplication of anything already provided in a ship in compliance with other requirements of these regulations.(4) The following requirements shall govern the application of tables 11, 12 and 13 in this regulation. (L.N. 254 of 2018)(5) For the purpose of determining the application of the requirements of paragraphs (a) to (n) of subregulation (6), ships and cargo spaces are divided into categories (A) to (E) as set out below— (E.R. 1 of 2022)(A) ships and cargo spaces not specifically designed for the carriage of freight containers but intended for the carriage of dangerous goods in package form including goods in freight containers and portable tanks;(B) purpose built container ships and cargo spaces intended for the carriage of dangerous goods in freight containers and portable tanks;(C) spaces intended for the carriage of dangerous goods which are—(i) closed ro/ro cargo spaces,(ii) open ro/ro cargo spaces, or(iii) ro/ro cargo spaces on the weather deck; (E.R. 1 of 2022)(D) ships and cargo spaces intended for the carriage of solid dangerous goods in bulk;(E) ships and cargo spaces intended for the carriage of dangerous goods other than liquids and gases in bulk in shipborne barges.Such categories are listed in the top horizontal row of table 11.(6) The applicable requirements for the purposes of this regulation are set out in the following paragraphs—(a) arrangements shall be made to ensure immediate availability of a supply of water from the fire main at the required pressure either by a permanent pressurization of the firemain or by suitably placed remote starting arrangements for the fire pumps;(b) the quantity of water delivered shall be capable of supplying four nozzles of a size and at pressures as specified in regulations 61 and 62, capable of being trained on any part of the cargo space when empty. This amount of water may be applied by equivalent means to the satisfaction of the Director; (c) means of effectively cooling the designated under deck cargo space by copious quantities of water, either by a fixed pressure water spraying system complying with Schedule 9 or flooding the cargo space with water, shall be provided. Hoses may be used for this purpose in small cargo spaces and in small areas of larger cargo spaces at the discretion of the Director. The drainage and pumping arrangements shall be such as to prevent the build-up of free surfaces. If this is not possible, the adverse effect upon stability of the added weight and free surface of water shall be taken into account as necessary in calculating stability;(d) provision to flood a designated under deck cargo space with suitable specified media may be substituted for the requirements in paragraph (c);(e) electrical equipment and wiring where permitted for such spaces shall be to the requirements of regulation 53(6) of the Merchant Shipping (Safety) (Passenger Ship Construction and Survey) (Ships Built On or After 1 September 1984) Regulations (Cap. 369 sub. leg. AM) or to regulation 50 of the Merchant Shipping (Safety) (Cargo Ship Construction and Survey) (Ships Built On or After 1 September 1984) Regulations (Cap. 369 sub. leg. S), whichever is appropriate; (E.R. 1 of 2022) (f) closed ro/ro cargo spaces and special category spaces shall be fitted with a fixed fire detection and fire alarm system of an approved type complying with the requirements of Schedule 11. All other types of cargo spaces shall be fitted with either such a fixed fire detection and fire alarm system or a sample extraction smoke detection system complying with the requirements of Schedule 12. If a sample extraction smoke detection system is fitted, particular attention shall be paid to paragraph (1)(k) of Schedule 12 in order to prevent the leakage of toxic fumes into occupied areas; (L.N. 410 of 1995)(g) adequate power ventilation shall be provided in enclosed cargo spaces. The arrangement shall be such as to provide for at least 6 air changes per hour in the cargo space based on an empty cargo space and for removal of vapours from the upper or lower parts of the cargo space, as appropriate;(h) the fans shall be such as to avoid the possibility of ignition of flammable gas air mixture. Suitable wire mesh guards shall be fitted over inlet and outlet ventilation openings;(i) where flammable or toxic liquids are to be carried in enclosed cargo spaces, the bilge pumping arrangements shall be to the requirements of regulation 36(5) of the Merchant Shipping (Safety) (Passenger Ship Construction and Survey) (Ships Built On or After 1 September 1984) Regulations (Cap. 369 sub. leg. AM) or of regulation 8(8) of the Merchant Shipping (Safety) (Cargo Ship Construction and Survey) (Ships Built On or After 1 September 1984) Regulations (Cap. 369 sub. leg. S), whichever is appropriate; (E.R. 1 of 2022) (j) 4 sets of full protective clothing resistant to chemical attack shall be provided in addition to the firemen’s outfits required elsewhere in these regulations. Protective clothing shall cover all skin so that no part of the body is unprotected;(k) at least 2 sets of self-contained breathing apparatus shall be provided in addition to the breathing apparatus otherwise required in these regulations;(l) at least 3 portable fire extinguishers of the dry powder type or equivalent complying with regulation 67 shall be provided for each cargo space. These extinguishers shall be in addition to any portable fire extinguishers required elsewhere in these regulations;(m) bulkheads forming boundaries between cargo spaces and machinery spaces of Category A shall be insulated to “A-60” standard unless the dangerous goods are stowed at least 3 metres horizontally away from such bulkheads. Boundaries other than bulkheads between such spaces shall be insulated to “A-60” standard. Dangerous goods of Class 1 shall be stowed 3 metres horizontally away from machinery space bulkheads in all cases and the common bulkheads shall be insulated to “A-60” standard;(n) each special category space, each open ro/ro cargo space having a deck over and each space deemed to be a closed ro/ro cargo space not capable of being sealed shall be fitted with a fixed pressure water spraying system complying with Schedule 9 for the protection of all parts of any deck and vehicle platform in such space, except that the Director may permit the use of any other fixed fire extinguishing system that has been shown by full scale test to be no less effective.The paragraphs are listed in the left hand vertical columns of tables 11, 12 and 13. (E.R. 1 of 2022)(7) The classes of dangerous goods referred to in this regulation are the classes of dangerous goods specified in the IMDG Code. Such classes are listed in the top horizontal rows of tables 12 and 13. (L.N. 254 of 2018)(8) Ships and cargo spaces in category (A), (B), (C) or (E) shall comply with a particular paragraph of subregulation (6) if— (E.R. 1 of 2022)(a) an “X” appears in table 11 where the vertical column for that category crosses the horizontal row for that paragraph; and(b) the dangerous goods (not being solid dangerous goods carried in bulk) which the ship or space as the case may be is intended to carry are of a class included in table 13 and an “X” appears in that table where the vertical column for that class crosses the horizontal row for that paragraph.(9) Ships and cargo spaces of category (D) shall comply with the requirements of a particular paragraph of subregulation (6) if the dangerous goods (being solid dangerous goods in bulk) are of a class included in table 12 and an “X” appears where the vertical column for that class of goods crosses the horizontal row for that paragraph. (E.R. 1 of 2022)(10) Any requirement applicable in accordance with this regulation shall be applied subject to any exception or modification set out in the footnotes to the relevant table or tables which is applicable to that particular case.(11) Where in a ship or cargo space of category (D) dangerous goods of class 4.3 are carried, the Director may, having regard to the hazards of the particular dangerous goods, impose such additional requirements as he may think necessary. (E.R. 1 of 2022)(12) Any enclosed cargo space of category (D) which is not provided with power ventilation shall be provided with natural ventilation. (E.R. 1 of 2022) Table 11—Application of the Requirements to Different Modes of Carriage of Dangerous Goods in Ships and Cargo Spaces Regulation 143(5) Regulation 143(6) (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) NotSpecificallydesigned Containercargospaces Closedro/ro cargo spaces Open ro/ro cargo spaces Weatherdecks Intendedfor soliddangerousgoods in bulk Shipbornebarges (a) Immediate availability of water supplies X X X X X ForapplicationofrequirementsoftheseRegulationstodifferentclassesofdangerousgoods—seetable 12 X (b) Quantity of water X X X X X － (c) Water cooling X X X X － X (d) Cargo space flooding X X X X － X (e) Electrical equipment X X X X － Xd (f) Fire detection X X X － － Xd (g) Power ventilation X Xa X － － Xd (h) Fans X Xa X － － Xd (i) Bilge pumping X X X － － － (j) Protective clothing X X X X X － (k) Breathing apparatus X X X X X － (l) Fire extinguishers X － － X X － (m) Insulation of boundaries X Xb X X X － (n) Water spray － － Xc X － － (E.R. 1 of 2022) Notes (Table 11) a For dangerous goods of classes 4 and 5.1 not applicable to closed freight containers. For dangerous goods of classes 2, 3, 6.1 and 8 when carried in closed freight containers the ventilation rate may be reduced to not less than two air changes. For the purpose of this requirement a portable tank is a closed freight container. b Applicable to decks only. c Applies only to closed ro/ro cargo spaces, not capable of being sealed. d In the special case where the barges are capable of containing flammable vapours or alternatively if they are capable of discharging flammable vapours to a safe space outside the barge carrier compartment by means of ventilation ducts connected to the barges, these requirements may be reduced or waived to the satisfaction of the Director. Table 12—Application of the Requirements to Different Classes of Dangerous Goods for Ships and Cargo Spaces Carrying Solid Dangerous Goods in Bulk Class of Dangerous Goods Regulation 143(6) 4.1 4.2 4.3f 5.1 6.1 8 9 (a) Immediate availability of water supplies x x － x xg xg x (b)e Quantity of water x x － x － － x (e) Electrical equipment x xg x xg － － xg (g)h Power ventilation xg xg x xg － － xg (h)h Fans x xg x xg － － xg (j) & (k) Personnel protection x x x x x x x (m) Insulation of boundaries x x x xg xg xg x Notes (Table 12) e This requirement is applicable only when the characteristics of the substance call for large quantities of water for fire fighting. f For possible additional requirements see subregulation (11). (E.R. 1 of 2022) g Further requirements which may be applicable in a particular case are contained in the IMDG Code or the IMSBC Code as appropriate; as published by the International Maritime Organization. (L.N. 254 of 2018; E.R. 1 of 2022) h In cases where power ventilation is required in the IMSBC Code, the use of portable ventilation units or equipment to the satisfaction of the Director may suffice. (L.N. 254 of 2018) Table 13—Application of the Requirements to Different Classes of Dangerous Goods Except Solid Dangerous Goods in Bulk Class of Dangerous Goods Regulation 143(6) 1 2 3 4 5.1 5.2 6.1 8 (a) Immediate availability of water supplies x x x xo x xo x x (b)i Quantity of water x x x xo x xo － － (c) Water cooling xk － － － － － － － (d) Cargo space flooding xk － － － － － － － (e) Electrical equipment xk xl xm － － － xm/o xm/o (f) Fire detection x x x x x － x x (g) Power ventilation － xj xm xo xo － xm/o xm/o (h) Fans － xl xm － － － xm/o xm/o (i) Bilge pumping － － xm － － － xn xm (j) & (k) Personnel protection － x x x x xo x x (l) Fire extinguishers － － x x x xo xo xo (m) Insulation of boundaries xk x x x xo － xo xo (n) Water spray x x xm xo x － xm xm Notes (Table 13) i This requirement is applicable only when the characteristics of the substance call for large quantities of water for fire fighting. j Applicable only to flammable or poisonous gases. k Except dangerous goods of class 1 in division 1.4 compatibility group S. l Applicable only to flammable gases. m Applicable only to liquids having a flashpoint below 23°C (closed cup test). n Applicable only to liquids. o Further requirements which may be applicable are contained in the IMDG Code or the IMSBC Code as appropriate. (L.N. 254 of 2018) Part X Equivalents, Exemptions and Penalties 144. Alternative construction and equivalents Where these regulations require that the ship shall be constructed in a particular manner or that a particular fitting, material, appliance or apparatus or type thereof shall be fitted or carried in a ship, or that any particular provision shall be made, the Director may permit the ship to be constructed in any other manner or may approve any other fitting, material, appliance or apparatus, or type thereof, to be fitted or carried, or any other provision to be made in that ship, if he is satisfied by trial thereof or otherwise that such other construction, fitting, material, appliance or apparatus, or type thereof, or provision is at least as effective as that required by these regulations. 145. Exemptions The Director may grant exemptions from all or any of the provisions of these regulations (as may be specified in the exemption) for classes of cases or individual cases on such terms (if any) as he may so specify and may, subject to giving reasonable notice, alter or cancel any such exemption. 146. Offences If regulation 10(5), (7), (8)(b) or (9)(b), 11, 37, 39(7), 53, 69, 72A, 101(1)(c), 110, 122(3), 125, 139(3), 142 or 143(6)(j), (k) or (m) is contravened in relation to a ship, the owner and the master of the ship each commits an offence and is liable to a fine at level 4 and to imprisonment for 2 years.(L.N. 254 of 2018) 147. Several regulations are fire-fighting appliances regulations Regulations 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 9A, 10 (except subregulations (5), (7), (8)(b) and (9)(b)), 12, 15, 16, 17, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 35A, 36, 38, 39 (except subregulations (1) and (7)), 43 (except subregulation (1)), 49, 50, 50A, 51, 52, 54 (except subregulation (1)), 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 70, 71, 72, 73, 75, 75A, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 88A, 89, 91, 91A, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101 (except subregulation (1)(c)), 102, 103, 104, 104A, 105, 112, 112A, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122 (except subregulation (3)), 123, 124, 128, 128A, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139 (except subregulation (3)), 140, 141 and 143 (except subregulation (6)(j), (k) and (m)) are fire-fighting appliances regulations for the purposes of section 44 of the Ordinance.(L.N. 254 of 2018) Schedule 1 [regs. 12 & 38]International Shore Connection (1) The international shore connection which is required by these regulations to be carried in the ship shall be in accordance with the following specification— Details of flange Outside diameter : 178 millimetres Inner diameter : 64 millimetres Bolt circle diameter : 132 millimetres Holes : 4 holes of 19 millimetres in diameter equidistantly placed, slotted to the flange periphery (E.R. 1 of 2022) Flange thickness : 14.5 millimetres minimum Bolts : 4 each of 16-millimetre diameter; 50 millimetres in length with washers (E.R. 1 of 2022) Flange surface : flat face Material : any suited to 10 bar (1.0N/mm2) service Gasket : any suited to 10 bar (1.0N/mm2) service (2) The connection shall be constructed of material suitable for 10 bar (1.0N/mm2). The flange shall have a flat face on one side and to the other there shall be permanently attached a coupling which will fit the ship’s hydrants and hose. The connection shall be kept aboard the ship together with its gasket, bolts and washers. Schedule 2 [reg. 67(1)]Non-portable Foam Fire Extinguishers (1) Every foam fire extinguisher, other than a portable fire extinguisher provided in compliance with these regulations, shall be constructed of suitable materials and shall be of an efficient design and of sufficient strength to withstand with an adequate factor of safety the maximum internal pressure to which it may be subjected and shall be capable of withstanding a test by hydraulic pressure suitably in excess of the maximum working pressure. For the purpose of this Schedule the maximum working pressure shall be the equilibrium pressure that develops within the body at 70°C when the correctly charged extinguisher has been operated with all outlets closed. (2) Where the extinguisher is provided with a gas cylinder as the means for expelling the extinguishing medium, such gas cylinder shall be constructed in accordance with British Standards Institution specification number BS 5045: Part 1: 1982. (3) The extinguisher shall be provided with a nozzle and a reinforced discharge hose constructed to withstand 4 times the maximum working pressure specified in paragraph (1). (4) Where the extinguisher is provided with an inner container such container shall be adequately supported. (5) Any necessary openings in the extinguisher body shall be fitted with caps or covers so designed that any pressure remaining in the container may be released gradually before the cap or cover can be removed completely. (6) Every part of the extinguisher shall, where necessary, be protected against corrosion. (7) The extinguisher shall be provided with a controllable device to enable the discharge to be interrupted and a means to prevent the loss of liquid when the extinguisher is standing. (8) The extinguisher actuating mechanism shall be protected so that it is safeguarded against inadvertent operation. (9) The design shall permit the ready availability of the extinguisher to be verified as required and ensure that it will be apparent whether or not the extinguisher has been operated. (10) A fully charged extinguisher shall when operated under normal conditions be capable of projecting foam a distance of 14 metres for a period of not less than 90 seconds in the case of an extinguisher of 135 litres capacity and over, and a distance of 10 metres for a period of not less than 60 seconds in the case of an extinguisher of 45 litres or over but under 135 litres capacity. (11) The outside of the extinguisher body shall be clearly marked in accordance with the relevant parts of Section Five of the British Standards Institution specification number BS 5423: 1980. (12) The extinguisher shall have the correct filling level clearly indicated. Schedule 3 [reg. 67(1)]Non-portable Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguishers (1) Every carbon dioxide fire extinguisher, other than a portable fire extinguisher, provided in compliance with these regulations shall be provided with cylinders constructed in accordance with British Standards Institution specification number BS 5396: 1976. (2) Each cylinder shall be provided with an internal discharge tube and a valve to release the gas. (3) The extinguisher shall be provided with a discharge hose which shall be reinforced so as to withstand a pressure of at least 122 bar when the necessary couplings are fitted. The bore of the discharge hose shall not be less than the size respectively set forth in the following table— Capacity of Extinguisher Minimum bore of discharge hose 16 kilograms 10 millimetres 45 kilograms 12 millimetres The discharge hose shall be provided with a horn which shall be of electrically non-conducting material and of a design which will reduce the velocity of the gas discharged. The metal part of the operating handle shall be suitably sheathed to protect the hands of the operator from extreme cold. (4) At any temperature between 15°C and 18°C inclusive, the extinguisher shall discharge gas at such a rate that carbon dioxide equal in weight to 75% of the capacity of the container will be discharged in the periods respectively set forth in the following table— (E.R. 1 of 2022) Capacity of extinguisher Period 16 kilograms 30 to 45 seconds 45 kilograms 60 to 90 seconds (5) The outside of the extinguisher shall be clearly marked in accordance with Section Seven of the British Standards Institution specification number BS 5423: 1980. Schedule 4 [reg. 67(1)]Non-portable Dry Powder Fire Extinguishers (1) Every dry powder fire extinguisher, other than a portable fire extinguisher, provided in compliance with these Regulations shall be constructed of suitable materials and shall be of an efficient design and of sufficient strength to withstand with an adequate factor of safety the maximum internal pressure to which it may be subjected and shall be capable of withstanding a test by hydraulic pressure suitably in excess of the maximum working pressure. For the purpose of this Schedule the maximum working pressure shall be the equilibrium pressure that develops within the body at 70°C when the correctly charged extinguisher has been operated with all outlets closed. (2) Where the extinguisher is provided with a gas cylinder as the means for expelling the extinguishing medium, such gas cylinder shall be constructed in accordance with British Standards Institution specification number BS 5045: Part 1: 1982. (3) The extinguisher shall be provided with a nozzle and a reinforced discharge hose constructed to withstand 4 times the maximum working pressure specified in paragraph (1). (4) Any necessary openings in the extinguisher body shall be fitted with caps or covers so designed that any pressure remaining in the container may be released gradually before the cap or cover can be removed completely. (5) Every part of the extinguisher shall, where necessary, be protected against corrosion. (6) The extinguisher shall be effectively sealed to prevent the ingress of moisture, but such sealing arrangements shall not interfere with the discharge of the extinguisher. (7) The extinguisher shall be provided with a controllable device to enable the discharge to be interrupted. (8) The extinguisher actuating mechanism shall be protected so that it is safeguarded against inadvertent operation. (9) The design shall permit the ready availability of the extinguisher to be verified as required and ensure that it will be apparent whether or not the extinguisher has been operated. (10) A fully charged extinguisher shall, when operated under normal conditions, be capable of discharging not less than 85% of the mass of the dry powder charge. The discharge rate shall be not less than 1 kilogram per second. (11) The outside of the extinguisher body shall be clearly marked in accordance with the relevant parts of Section Five of the British Standards Institution Specification Number BS 5423:1980. Schedule 5 [reg. 69(1)]Breathing Apparatus Smoke helmet and smoke mask type breathing apparatus (1) Every smoke helmet or smoke mask provided in compliance with these regulations shall be provided with a hose for the supply of air from the outside atmosphere. An air pump or bellows shall be provided which shall be suitable for pumping air through the hose. The hose shall be of the non-collapsing type and shall be sufficient in length to enable the air pump or bellows to be on the open deck in clean air well clear of any hatch or doorway while the wearer of the helmet or mask is in any part of the accommodation, service, cargo or machinery spaces. Efficient couplings shall be provided if two or more lengths of hose are to be joined in order to reach the aforesaid spaces. The air inlet to the pump or bellows shall be so protected as to ensure that the supply of air cannot be obstructed. Self-contained breathing apparatus (2) (a) Every self-contained breathing apparatus provided in compliance with these regulations shall be of the open circuit compressed air type and shall be of a type which has a Certificate of Assurance issued by the United Kingdom Health and Safety Executive in compliance with the requirements of the Joint Testing Memorandum of the Health and Safety Executive, the Department of Transport and the Home Department.(b) Provision may be made to enable an alternative means of air supply to be connected to the apparatus.(c) Every self-contained breathing apparatus shall be provided with not more than one face mask unless the apparatus has been certified by the United Kingdom Health and Safety Executive for use with a second face mask which may be used in extreme emergency.(d) The storage capacity of the compressed air cylinder or cylinders attached to the apparatus and carried by the wearer shall be at least 1,200 litres of fresh air. The storage cylinders shall be constructed of suitable material and shall be of efficient design and of sufficient strength to withstand with an adequate factor of safety, the internal air pressure to which they may be subjected and each cylinder shall be capable of withstanding a test by hydraulic pressure suitably in excess of the maximum working pressure.(e) Means shall be provided for the automatic regulation of the air supply to the wearer of the apparatus in accordance with his breathing requirements when he is breathing any volume of free air of up to 85 litres per minute at any time when the pressure in the supply cylinder or cylinders is above 10.5 bar (10.5 kilograms per square centimetre). Means shall be provided for overriding the automatic air supply to increase the volume of air available to the wearer if required.(f) A pressure gauge with an anti-bursting orifice shall be incorporated in the high pressure air supply system to enable the wearer to read directly and easily the pressure of air in the supply cylinder or cylinders.(g) The maximum weight of any such apparatus shall not exceed 16 kilograms, excluding any lifeline and, if they do not form an integral part of the apparatus, and safety belt or harness.(h) Every self-contained breathing apparatus shall be provided with fully charged spare cylinders having a spare storage capacity of at least 2,400 litres of free air except that—(i) if the ship is carrying 5 sets or more of such apparatus the total spare storage capacity of free air shall not be required to exceed 9,600 litres; or(ii) if the ship is equipped with means for re-charging the air cylinders to full pressure with air, free from contamination, the spare storage capacity of the fully charged spare cylinders of each such apparatus shall be of at least 1,200 litres of free air, and the total spare storage capacity of free air provided in the ship shall not be required to exceed 4,800 litres.(ha) Notwithstanding the provision of subparagraph (h), in every Class I or II or II(A) ship carrying more than 36 passengers, every self-contained breathing apparatus shall be provided with at least 2 fully charged spare cylinders each having a storage capacity of at least 1,200 litres of free air, and all air cylinders for breathing apparatus shall be interchangeable. (L.N. 410 of 1995; E.R. 1 of 2022)(i) A servicing and instruction manual shall be kept with each such apparatus. General (3) (a) Every breathing apparatus shall be constructed of materials having adequate mechanical strength, durability and resistance to deterioration by heat or by contact with water and such materials shall be resistant to fire and shall not allow the breathing circuit to be penetrated by smoke or chemical fumes likely to be encountered in service. The fabric used in the construction of any harness provided with such apparatus shall be resistant to shrinkage. Exposed metal parts of the apparatus, harness and fittings shall be of materials so far as practicable resistant to frictional sparking.(b) The following equipment shall be provided for use with each set of breathing apparatus—(i) a fire-proof life-and-signalling-line at least 3 metres longer than is required to reach from the open deck in clean air well clear of any hatch or doorway to any part of the accommodation, service, cargo, or machinery spaces. The line shall be made of copper or galvanised steel wire rope having a breaking strength of at least 500 kilograms and shall be overlaid up to at least 32 millimetres in circumference by hemp or other covering to provide a surface which can be firmly gripped when wet;(ii) an adjustable safety belt or harness to which such line shall be capable of being securely attached and detached by the wearer by means of a snaphook;(iii) means for protecting the eyes and face of the wearer against smoke;(iv) plates of suitable non-flammable material bearing a clearly legible code of signals to be used between the wearer and his attendant one of which shall be attached to the safety belt or harness and another attached to the free end of the life-line.(c) Every breathing apparatus shall be clearly marked with the name of the maker or vendor and the year of manufacture. Operating instructions in clear and permanent lettering shall be affixed to such apparatus. Schedule 6 [regs. 4(4)(b), 7(2)(b) & (3)(b), 30(2)(b) & 33(2)(b) & (3)(b)]Portable Foam Applicator Units (1) Every portable foam applicator unit provided in compliance with these regulations shall be provided with—(a) an induction type of air foam nozzle capable of being connected to the fire main by means of a fire hose;(b) a portable tank containing at least 20 litres of foam concentrate from which the nozzle specified at subparagraph (a) can induce the contents;(c) a spare tank identical to that specified at subparagraph (b). (2) The nozzle whilst being supplied at the minimum hydrant pressure on the ship permitted by these regulations shall be capable of producing effective foam suitable for extinguishing an oil fire at the rate of at least 1.5 cubic metres per minute. (3) The ratio of the volume of foam produced to the volume of foam solution shall not exceed 12 to 1. Schedule 7 [regs. 77(2)(b), 78(3)(d)(e) & (g), 80(7), 81(4), 84(2)(a), 86(1)(a), 93(2)(b), 94(3)(d) & (e), 96(7), 97(5), 100(2)(a), 102(1)(a) & 123(2)]Automatic Sprinkler, Fire Detection and Fire Alarm Systems (1) (a) Every automatic sprinkler, fire detection and fire alarm system shall be capable of immediate operation at all times and no action by the crew shall be necessary to set it in operation. It shall be of the wet pipe type but small exposed sections may be of the dry pipe type where in the opinion of the Director this is a necessary precaution. Any parts of the system which may be subjected to freezing temperatures in service shall be suitably protected against freezing. The system shall be kept charged at the necessary pressure and shall have provision for a continuous supply of water as required in this Schedule.(b) (i) Each section of sprinklers shall include means for giving a visual and audible alarm signal automatically at one or more indicating units whenever any sprinkler comes into operation. Such alarm systems shall be such as to indicate if any fault occurs in the system.(ii) In passenger ships such units shall give an indication of any fire and its location in any space served by the system and shall be centralised on the navigating bridge or in the main fire control station, which shall be so manned or equipped as to ensure that any alarm from the system is immediately received by a responsible member of the crew.(iii) In cargo ships such units shall indicate in which section served by the system fire has occurred and shall be centralised on the navigating bridge and in addition, visible and audible alarms from the unit shall be placed in a position other than on the navigating bridge, so as to ensure that the indication of fire is immediately received by the crew. (2) (a) Sprinklers shall be grouped into separate sections, each of which shall contain not more than 200 sprinklers. In passenger ships any section of sprinklers shall not serve more than 2 decks and shall not be situated in more than one main vertical zone. However, the Director may permit such a section of sprinklers to serve more than 2 decks or be situated in more than one main vertical zone, if he is satisfied that the protection of the ship against fire will not thereby be reduced.(b) Each section of sprinklers shall be capable of being isolated by one stop valve only. The stop valve in each section shall be readily accessible and its location shall be clearly and permanently indicated. Means shall be provided to prevent the operation of the stop valves by any unauthorized person.(c) A gauge indicating the pressure in the system shall be provided at each section stop valve and at a central station.(d) The sprinklers shall be resistant to corrosion by marine atmosphere. In accommodation and service spaces the sprinklers shall come into operation within the temperature range from 68°C to 79°C, except that in locations such as drying rooms, where high ambient temperatures might be expected the operating temperature may be increased by not more than 30°C above the maximum deckhead temperature.(e) A list or plan shall be displayed at each indicating unit showing the spaces covered and the location of the zone in respect of each section. Suitable instructions for testing and maintenance shall be available.(f) Sprinklers shall be placed in an overhead position and spaced in a suitable pattern to maintain an average application rate of not less than 5 litres per square metre per minute over the nominal area covered by the sprinklers. Alternative distribution arrangements or sprinklers providing other amounts of water may be permitted providing the arrangements are no less effective.(g) Sprinklers shall be spaced not more than 4 metres apart and not more than 2 metres from a bulkhead. They shall be placed as clear as possible of beams or other objects likely to obstruct the projections of water and in such positions that combustible material in the space concerned will be well sprayed.(h) At least 6 spare sprinklers shall be provided for each section. (3) (a) A pressure tank having a volume equal to at least twice that of the charge of water specified in this subparagraph shall be provided. The tank shall contain a standing charge of fresh water, equivalent to the amount of water which would be discharged in one minute by the pump referred to in paragraph (4)(b) and the arrangements shall provide for maintaining an air pressure in the tank such as to ensure that where the standing charge of fresh water in the tank has been used the pressure will be not less than the working pressure of the sprinkler, plus the pressure exerted by a head of water measured from the bottom of the tank to the highest sprinkler in the system. Suitable means of replenishing the air under pressure and of replenishing the fresh water charge in the tank shall be provided.(b) The pressure tank shall be fitted with an efficient relief valve and with a water gauge glass and a pressure gauge. Stop valves or cocks shall be provided at each of the gauge connection. Means shall be provided to prevent the inadvertent admission of sea water into the tank. (4) (a) An independent power pump shall be provided solely for the purpose of continuing automatically the discharge of water from the sprinklers. The pump shall be brought into action automatically by the pressure drop in the system before the standing fresh water charge in the pressure tank is completely exhausted.(b) The pump and the piping system shall be capable of maintaining the necessary pressure at the level of the highest sprinkler to ensure a continuous output of water sufficient for the simultaneous coverage of a minimum area of 280 square metres at the application rate specified in paragraph (2)(f).(c) The pump shall have fitted on the delivery side a test valve with a short open ended discharge pipe. The effective area through the valve and pipe shall be adequate to permit the release of the required pump output while maintaining the pressure in the system specified in paragraph (3)(a).(d) The pump shall have a suction direct from the sea which shall be independent of any other suction and which shall be in the space containing the pump. The sea inlet to the pump shall be so arranged that when the ship is afloat it will not be necessary to shut off the supply of sea water to the pump for any purpose other than the inspection or repair of the pump. (5) The sprinkler pump and tank shall be situated in a position reasonably remote from any machinery space of Category A and shall not be situated in any space required to be protected by the sprinkler system. (6) (a) Not less than 2 sources of power supply for the sprinkler pump, air compressor and automatic alarm and detection system shall be provided in passenger ships. Where the sources of power are electrical one shall be an emergency source. One supply for the pump shall be taken from the main switchboard and one from the emergency switchboard by separate feeders reserved solely for that purpose. The feeders shall be arranged so as to avoid galleys, machinery spaces and other enclosed spaces of high fire risk except in so far as it is necessary to reach the appropriate switchboards and shall be run to an automatic changeover switch situated near the sprinkler pump. This switch shall permit the supply of power from the main switchboard so long as a supply is available therefrom, and be so designed that upon failure of that supply it will automatically change over to the supply from the emergency switchboard. The switches on the main and emergency switchboards shall be clearly labelled and normally kept closed. No other switch shall be permitted in the feeders concerned. One of the sources of power supply for the alarm and detection system shall be an emergency source. Where one of the sources of power for the pump is an internal combustion type engine it shall, in addition to complying with the provisions of paragraph (5), be so situated that a fire in any protected space will not affect the air supply to the machinery.(b) In cargo ships there shall not be less than 2 sources of power supply for the sea water pump and automatic alarm and detection system. If the pump is electrically driven it shall be connected to the main source of electrical power, which shall be capable of being supplied by at least 2 generators. The feeders shall be so arranged as to avoid galleys, machinery spaces and other enclosed spaces of high fire risk except in so far as it is necessary to reach the appropriate switchboards. One of the sources of power supply for the alarm and detection system shall be an emergency source. Where one of the sources of power for the pump is an internal combustion engine it shall, in addition to complying with the provisions of paragraph (5) be so situated that a fire in any protected space will not affect the air supply to the machinery. (7) Every sprinkler system shall have a connection from the ship’s fire main provided with a screw down valve and non-return valve at the connection which will prevent a back flow from the sprinkler system to the fire main. In addition, there may be fitted hose couplings with shut off valves and non-return valves situated close to the couplings for the purpose of coupling to a shore supply, but no other external connection shall be fitted. The sprinkler system shall be a self-contained unit. Shut off valves for the shore supply and the ship’s fire mains connections shall be clearly and permanently marked to show their purpose and shall be capable of being locked in the closed position. (8) (a) A test valve shall be provided for testing the automatic alarm for each section of sprinklers by a discharge of water equivalent to the operation of one sprinkler. The test valve for each section shall be situated near the stop valve for that section.(b) Means shall be provided for testing the automatic operation of the pump on reduction of pressure in the system.(c) Switches shall be provided at one of the indicating positions referred to in paragraph (1)(b)(i) which will enable the alarm and the indicators for each section of sprinklers to be tested. Schedule 8 [regs. 7(1)(a), 8(c), 33(1) & 34(c)]Fixed Pressure Water Spraying Systems for Machinery Spaces and Cargo Pump Rooms (1) Every fixed pressure water spraying system fitted in compliance with these regulations shall be provided with a pump, piping system, control valves and spraying nozzles. The pump provided for machinery space protection shall not be used for any other purpose except that the Director may permit the pump to be used for supplying cargo pump room or cargo space water spraying systems where such systems are permitted. For cargo pump room protection the water supply may be from the ship’s main fire pumps provided such pumps comply with the requirements of this Schedule. (2) The spraying nozzles shall be of such a type, sufficient in number and so arranged as to ensure an effective average distribution of water in accordance with the following table— Application rate Protected area litresper sq.metre/min gallonsper sq.ft/min Boiler fronts or roof firing areas, oil fuel units, centrifugal separators (not oily water separators), oil fuel purifiers and clarifiers 20 0.4 Hot oil fuel pipes near exhaust pipes or similar heated surfaces on main or auxiliary diesel engines 10 0.2 Tank top areas and oil tanks not forming part of the ship’s structure 5 0.1 Cargo pump rooms 10 0.2 (E.R. 1 of 2022) (3) Spraying nozzles shall be fitted above bilges, tank tops and other areas over which oil fuel is liable to spread and above other main fire hazards in the spaces to be protected. (4) The water spraying system may be divided into sections and shall be controlled from distribution manifolds the valves of which shall be capable of being operated from easily accessible positions outside the spaces to be protected and which will not be readily cut off by an outbreak of fire within the protected space. (5) The water spraying system shall be kept charged at the necessary pressure and the pump supplying the water or the system shall be automatically put into action by a pressure drop in the system. (6) The pump may be driven by independent internal combustion type machinery but if it is dependent upon power being supplied from the emergency generator fitted in compliance with the Merchant Shipping (Safety) (Passenger Ship Construction and Survey) (Ships Built On or After 1 September 1984) Regulations (Cap. 369 sub. leg. AM) or the Merchant Shipping (Safety) (Cargo Ship Construction and Survey) (Ships Built On or After 1 September 1984) Regulations (Cap. 369 sub. leg. S), the generator shall be arranged to start automatically in case of main power failure so that power for the pump is immediately available. When the pump is driven by independent internal combustion type machinery it shall be so situated that a fire in the protected space will not affect the air supply to the machinery and the pump compartment. (E.R. 1 of 2022) (7) The pump shall be capable of supplying water at the necessary pressure simultaneously to all sections of the water spraying system in any one compartment to be protected. The pump and its controls shall be installed outside the space or spaces to be protected. It shall not be possible for a fire in the space or spaces protected by the water spraying system to put the system out of action. (8) Means shall be provided which will prevent nozzles from becoming clogged by impurities in the water or corrosion of piping, valves and pumps. (9) No part of the water spraying system shall be situated forward of the collision bulkhead in any passenger ship. (10) Operating instructions in clear and permanent lettering shall be affixed to every water spraying system or in a position adjacent thereto. Schedule 9 [regs. 5(2), (3) & (4), 31(3), 87(c), 88(b), 103(c), 104(b) & 143(6)(c)]Fixed Pressure Water Spraying Systems for Cargo Spaces (1) Every fixed pressure water spraying system fitted in compliance with these regulations shall be provided with a pump, piping system, control valves and spraying nozzles. (2) The nozzles shall be of an approved full bore type and shall be arranged so as to secure an effective distribution of water in the spaces which are to be protected. (3) The system shall be such as will provide water application at a rate of at least 3.5 litres per square metre per minute for spaces with a deck height not greater than 2.5 metres and at least 5 litres per square metre per minute for spaces with a deck height greater than 2.5 metres. (4) Precautions shall be taken to prevent the nozzles from becoming clogged by impurities in the water. (5) The system shall cover the full breadth of the protected space except that in ships where the protected space is subdivided with longitudinal Class “A” divisions the breadth of the sections may be reduced accordingly. In ships of Class I, II, VII or VIII and in ships of Class II(A) or VIII(A) of 76 metres or over in length or where the length of the enclosed part of the protected space is 50 metres or over, the system may be divided into sections provided they are at least 20 metres in length. In ships of other classes the length of a section may be less than 20 metres but shall be not less than 10 metres provided the capacity of the pumps are capable of supplying the 2 largest adjacent sections simultaneously at the application rate referred to in paragraph (3). (E.R. 1 of 2022) (6) The distribution valves for the system shall be situated in an easily accessible position adjacent to, but outside, the space to be protected which will not readily be cut off by a fire within the space. Direct access to the distribution valves from the protected spaces and from outside the spaces shall be provided. Adequate ventilation shall be fitted in the space containing the distribution valves. (7) The water supply to the system shall be provided by a pump or pumps, other than the ship’s required fire pumps which shall additionally be connected to the system by a lockable non-return valve which will prevent a back flow from the system into the fire main. (8) The principal pump or pumps shall be capable of supplying simultaneously, at all times, at the required pressure all nozzles in the protected spaces, or 2 adjacent sections if this is less, a quantity of water in accordance with paragraphs (2) and (3). (9) The principal pump or pumps shall be capable of being brought into operation by remote control, which may be manually actuated, from the position at which the distribution valves are situated. (10) In ships of Classes I and II, and in ships of Class II(A) of 76 metres or over in length or where the length of the enclosed part of the protected space is 50 metres or over the principal pump or pumps shall be situated in a position reasonably remote from the protected space and from any machinery space of Category A. In ships of other Classes the principal pump or pumps shall be situated outside the protected space but may be situated within any machinery space.

(11) In ships of Classes I and II, and in ships of Class II(A) of 76 metres or over in length or where the length of the enclosed part of the protected space is 50 metres or over, if the principal pump or pumps are electrically driven there shall be 2 sources of power, one of which shall be the emergency generator. In ships of other Classes there shall be 2 sources of power which may be 2 of the auxiliary generators provided they are independently driven. If the principal pump or pumps are driven by independent internal combustion type machinery they shall be so situated that a fire in the protected space will not affect the air supply to the machinery and the pump compartment. (12) When a fixed pressure water spraying system is provided for the machinery spaces in accordance with Schedule 8 the pump required for that system may also be used for the purpose of complying with this Schedule. (13) The sea suction of the pump shall be so arranged that, when the ship is afloat, it will not be necessary to shut off the supply of sea water to the pump for any purpose other than the inspection or repair of the pump. (14) The pump suction and discharge valves and any other valves requiring to be operated to bring the pump into operation shall be locked open or be operable from any control position of the system. A pressure gauge shall be provided at such control positions to show when water is available. (15) A waste valve with a short open ended pipe shall be fitted between the pump discharge and section control valves for testing purposes. (16) The pipes of the system shall be solid drawn or welded steel or equivalent and they shall be hydraulically tested by the manufacturers to twice the working pressure but not less than 20 bar (2N/mm2) and be galvanised internally to prevent corrosion. (17) Fittings such as self aligning swivel joints and flexible pipes situated within the protected space shall not be readily rendered ineffective by heat and where such fittings are used at least one spare of each type fitted shall be carried. Schedule 10 [regs. 5(1) & (3), 7(1)(b), 8(c), 31(1), (2)(a) & (3), 33(1)(b), 34(c), 43(5)(a), 87(c), 88(b) & 104(b)]Fixed Gas Fire Extinguishing Systems General (1) (a) Fire extinguishing systems provided for use in any ship to which these regulations apply shall not contain an extinguishing medium which either itself or under expected conditions of use gives off toxic gases in such quantities as to endanger personnel.(b) (i) In every such system provided for the injection of fire extinguishing medium into any compartment for fire extinguishing purposes, the pipes for conveying the medium shall be provided with control valves or cocks which shall be so placed that they will be easily accessible and not readily cut off from use by an outbreak of fire within the protected compartment. Such control valves or cocks shall be permanently marked to indicate clearly the compartments to which the pipes are led.(ii) Where cargo spaces fitted with a gas extinguishing system for fire protection are used as passenger spaces the extinguishing connection shall be blanked during service as a passenger space.(iii) Suitable provisions shall be made to prevent inadvertent admission of the medium to any compartment.(c) The piping for the distribution of fire extinguishing medium shall be arranged and discharge nozzles so positioned that a uniform distribution of medium is obtained.(d) Means shall be provided to close all openings which may admit air to or allow gas to escape from a protected space.(e) Where the volume of free air contained in air receivers in any space is such that, if released in such space in the event of fire, such release of air within that space would seriously affect the efficiency of the fixed fire extinguishing system, an additional quantity of fire extinguishing medium shall be provided.(f) Means shall be provided for automatically giving audible warning of the release of fire extinguishing medium into any space in which personnel normally work or to which they have access. The alarm shall operate for a suitable period before the medium is released.(g) The means of control of any fixed gas fire extinguishing system shall be readily accessible and simple to operate and shall be grouped together in as few locations as possible at positions not likely to be cut off by a fire in a protected space. At each location there shall be clear instructions relating to the operation of the system having regard to the safety of personnel.(h) Automatic release of fire extinguishing medium shall not be permitted except as provided by paragraph (3)(c)(v) and in respect of local automatically operated units referred to in paragraph (3)(d) and (e).(i) Where the quantity of extinguishing medium is required to protect more than one space, the quantity of medium available need not be more than the largest quantity required for any one space so protected.(j) Except as otherwise permitted by paragraph (3)(c), (d) and (e), pressure containers required for the storage of fire extinguishing medium shall be located outside protected spaces in accordance with paragraph (1)(l).(k) The storage containers and associated pressure components shall be constructed of suitable material and shall be of efficient design and sufficient strength having regard to their locations and maximum ambient temperatures expected in service.(l) When the fire extinguishing medium is stored outside a protected space, it shall be stored in a room which shall be situated in a safe and readily accessible position and shall be effectively ventilated to the satisfaction of the Director. Any entrance to such a storage room shall be from the open deck and in any case shall be independent of the protected space. Access doors shall open outwards, and bulkheads and decks including doors and other means of closing any opening therein, which form the boundaries between such rooms and adjoining enclosed spaces shall be gastight. For the purpose of the application of the integrity tables in regulations 78, 94, 115 and 132 of these regulations, such storage rooms shall be treated as control stations.(m) Spare parts for the system shall be stored on board and be to the satisfaction of the Director. Carbon dioxide systems (2) (a) When carbon dioxide is used as the extinguishing medium in cargo spaces, the quantity of gas available shall be sufficient to give a minimum volume of free gas equal to 30% of the gross volume of the largest cargo compartment in the ship which is capable of being sealed.(b) When carbon dioxide is used as the extinguishing medium in cargo spaces containing motor vehicles with fuel in their tanks for their own propulsion or in closed ro/ro spaces or closed ro/ro spaces used for bulk stowage of cargo, the quantity of gas available shall be sufficient to give a minimum volume of free gas equal to 45% of the gross volume of the largest such cargo space which is capable of being effectively sealed.(c) When carbon dioxide is used as an extinguishing medium for machinery spaces or pump rooms, the quantity of gas available shall be sufficient to give a minimum of free gas equal to the larger of the following quantities, either—(i) 40% of the gross volume of the largest space, such volume being measured up to the level at which the horizontal area of the casing is 40% or less of the gross area of such space measured midway between the tank top and the lowest part of the casing; or(ii) 35% of the gross volume of the largest space including the casing:provided that the aforesaid percentages may be reduced to 35% and 30% respectively for ships or under 2,000 tons, not being passenger ships, provided also that if 2 or more machinery spaces are not entirely separate they shall be considered as forming one space.(d) The volume of carbon dioxide shall be calculated at 0.56 cubic metre per kilogram.(e) (i) When carbon dioxide is used as the extinguishing medium for machinery spaces or pump rooms the arrangements shall be such that 85% of the gas required to provide the concentration referred to in paragraph (2)(c) when applied to the space concerned can be discharged into that space within 2 minutes.(ii) When carbon dioxide is used as the extinguishing medium in cargo spaces containing motor vehicles with fuel in their tanks for their own propulsion or in closed ro/ro spaces the arrangements shall be such as to ensure that at least two-thirds of the gas required for the space can be introduced within 10 minutes.(f) Safe means shall be provided for the crew to check the quantity of medium within the containers.(g) Carbon dioxide systems installed on or after 1 October 1994 shall comply with the following requirements—(i) 2 separate controls shall be provided for releasing carbon dioxide into a protected space and to ensure the activities of the alarm. One control shall be used to discharge the gas from its storage containers. A second control shall be used for opening the valve of the piping which conveys the gas into the protected space;(ii) the 2 controls shall be located inside a release box clearly identified for the particular space. If the box containing the controls is to be locked, a key to the box shall be in a break-glass type enclosure conspicuously located adjacent to the box. (L.N. 410 of 1995) Halogenated hydrocarbon systems (3) (a) The use of halogenated hydrocarbons as fire extinguishing media is only permitted in machinery spaces, pumprooms and in cargo spaces intended solely for the carriage of vehicles which are not carrying any cargo. New installations of halogenated hydrocarbons systems shall be prohibited on all ships as from 1 October 1994. (L.N. 410 of 1995)(b) When halogenated hydrocarbons are used as the fire extinguishing media in total flooding systems—(i) The system shall be arranged for manual initiation of power release only and such means shall be provided outside the protected space.(ii) Where the charge of halogenated hydrocarbon is required to supply more than one space, the arrangements for its storage and release shall comply with paragraph (3)(b)(ix) or (x) for each such space.(iii) Means shall be provided for stopping automatically all ventilation fans serving the protected space before the medium is released.(iv) Means shall be provided to close manually all dampers in the ventilation system serving a protected space.(v) The arrangements shall be such that the liquid phase of the minimum quantity of medium required by paragraph (3)(b)(ix) or (x) when applied to the space concerned can be discharged into that space within 20 seconds or less.(vi) The system shall be designed to operate within the temperature range likely to be experienced in service.(vii) Discharge nozzles shall be so positioned that a uniform distribution of fire extinguishing medium is obtained and the discharge does not endanger personnel engaged on maintenance of machinery or equipment or using the normal access ladders and escapes serving the compartment.(viii) Safe means shall be provided for the crew to check the quantity of medium in the containers and the pressure therein.(ix) The quantity of extinguishing medium for cargo spaces intended solely for the carriage of vehicles which are not carrying any cargo shall be calculated in accordance with the following table. This quantity shall be based on the gross volume of the protected space. Table 1 Halon Minimum Maximum 1301 (BTM) 5% 7% 1211 (BCF) 5% 5.5% The volume of Halon 1301 (BTM) shall be calculated at 0.16 cubic metre per kilogram and the volume of Halon 1211 (BCF) shall be calculated at 0.14 cubic metre per kilogram. (E.R. 1 of 2022)(x) The quantity of extinguishing medium for machinery spaces shall be calculated in accordance with the following table 2. This quantity shall be based on the gross volume of the space in respect of the minimum concentration and the net volume of the space in respect of the maximum concentration, including the casing.Table 2 Halon Minimum Maximum 1301 (BTM) 4.25% 7% 1211 (BCF) 4.25% 5.5% The volume of Halon 1301 (BTM) shall be calculated at 0.16 cubic metre per kilogram and the volume of Halon 1211 (BCF) shall be calculated at 0.14 cubic metre per kilogram. (E.R. 1 of 2022)(c) Where the medium is Halon 1301 (BTM), the storage containers may be permitted within a protected machinery space other than a pumproom provided that the arrangements comply with the following requirements—(i) The containers shall be individually distributed throughout the protected space having regard to the appropriate requirements of paragraph (1)(c).(ii) A manually initiated power release, located outside the protected space, shall be provided. Duplicate sources of power shall be provided for this release and shall be located outside the protected space and be immediately available except that for machinery spaces, one of the sources of power may be located inside the protected space.(iii) The sources of pneumatic and hydraulic pressure and of electrical power shall be monitored for loss of pressure or power as appropriate and electrical circuits essential for the release of the medium from the containers shall be monitored for all fault conditions. Visual and audible alarms shall be provided to indicate this. Pneumatic or hydraulic power circuits connecting the containers shall be duplicated.(iv) Within the protected space, electrical circuits essential for the release of the medium shall be mineral insulated cable or other equivalent material. Hydraulic and pneumatic piping systems essential for the release of the medium shall be of steel or other equivalent heat resisting material.(v) Each container shall be fitted with an automatic over-pressure device which will safely vent the contents of the container into the protected space in the event of overpressure caused by the container being exposed to a fire and inoperation or failure of the power.(vi) The arrangements of the containers and the electric circuits and piping essential for the release of the medium shall be such that in the event of damage at any one location in a circuit through fire or explosion, i.e. a single fault concept, at least two-thirds of the quantity of medium required for that space in accordance with paragraph (3)(b)(ix) or (x) can still be discharged at will, having regard to the requirement for uniform distribution of medium throughout the space. In small compartments, the Director may permit only one or 2 containers if he is satisfied with the storage and release arrangements.(vii) Not more than 2 discharge nozzles shall be fitted to any pressure container and the maximum quantity of agent in each container shall be to the satisfaction of the Director having regard to the requirement for uniform distribution of medium throughout the space.(viii) The containers shall be monitored for decrease in pressure due to leakage and discharge. Visual and audible alarms in the protected area and on the navigation bridge or at the control station shall be provided to indicate this condition, except that for cargo spaces alarms need only be provided on the navigation bridge or the control station.(d) Local automatically operated units containing Halon 1301 (BTM) or Halon 1211 (BCF) fitted in enclosed areas of high fire risk within machinery spaces in addition to and independent of any required fixed fire extinguishing system may be accepted provided the units comply with the following requirements—(i) The space in which such additional local protection is provided should be on one working level and on the same level as the access. At the discretion of the Director more than one working level may be permitted subject to an access being provided on each level.(ii) The escape arrangements shall be such that escape from anywhere in such protected spaces can be effected in not more than 10 seconds.(iii) The operation of any unit shall be indicated by visual and audible alarms outside each access into the space and at the navigating bridge or at the control station.(iv) A notice stating that the space contains one or more automatically operated units and the name of the medium used shall be displayed outside each access to the space.(v) The time to discharge the liquid phase of the medium in any local automatically operated unit shall not exceed 10 seconds.(vi) The arrangements of such units shall be such that release of the medium from any unit does not result in the loss of electrical power or reduction in the manoeuvrability of the ship.(vii) The total quantity of medium provided in such units within a protected space shall be such that the maximum vapour concentration at 20oC as specified in paragraph (3)(b)(x) is not exceeded when all such units operate; provided that the concentration may be exceeded where such units are operated together with a fixed system fitted in compliance with paragraph (3)(b).(viii) Every such unit shall comply with paragraphs (1)(k) and (3)(b)(vi), (vii) and (viii). (E.R. 1 of 2022)(e) Local automatically operated units fitted in machinery spaces over equipment having high fire risk in addition to and independent of any required fixed fire extinguishing system may be accepted provided that they comply with the following requirements—(i) The total quantity of medium provided in such units within the machinery space shall be such that the maximum vapour concentration of 1.25% of the gross volume of that space is not exceeded when all such units operate simultaneously.(ii) Every such unit shall comply with paragraphs (1)(k), (3)(b)(vii) (except that uniform distribution of the medium may not be required), (3)(b)(viii) and (3)(d)(iii), (iv), (v), (vi) and (viii). (E.R. 1 of 2022) Other gas systems (4) (a) Where gas other than carbon dioxide or halogenated hydrocarbon is produced on the ship and is used as an extinguishing medium, it shall be a gaseous product of fuel combustion in which the oxygen content, the carbon monoxide content, the corrosive elements and any solid combustible elements have been reduced to a permissible minimum. Any system using such gas shall afford equivalent protection to that provided by a fixed carbon dioxide system.(b) When a system producing inert gas is used to provide extinguishing gas in a fixed fire extinguishing system for cargo spaces, except cargo oil tanks, in compliance with these Regulations it shall be capable of producing hourly a volume of free gas at least equal to 25% of the gross volume of the largest compartment protected in this way for a period of 72 hours.(c) No part of the control, storage or generating arrangement of any fixed fire extinguishing system shall be situated forward of the collision bulkhead in any passenger ship. Schedule 11 [regs. 10(1)(a), (2) & (3), 36(1), (2) & (3), 86(1)(b), 88(a), 102(1)(b), 104(a), 123(1), (2) & (3), 141 & 143(6)(f)]Fixed Fire Detection and Fire Alarm Systems General requirements (1) (a) Any required fixed fire detection and fire alarm system with manually operated call points shall be capable of immediate operation at all times.(b) Power supplies and electric circuits necessary for operation of the system shall be monitored for loss of power or fault conditions as appropriate. Occurrence of a fault condition shall initiate a visual and audible fault signal at the control panel which shall be distinct from a fire signal.(c) There shall be not less than 2 sources of power supply for the electrical equipment used in the operation of the fire detection and fire alarm system, one of which shall be an emergency source. The supply shall be provided by separate feeders reserved solely for that purpose. Such feeders shall run to an automatic change-over switch situated in or adjacent to the control panel for the fire detection system.(d) Detectors and manually operated call points shall be grouped into sections. The activation of any detector or manually operated call point shall initiate a visual and audible fire signal at the control panel and indicating units. If the signals have not received attention within 2 minutes an audible alarm shall be automatically sounded throughout the crew accommodation and service spaces, control stations and machinery spaces of Category A. This alarm sounder system need not be an integral part of the detection system.(e) The control panel shall be located on the navigating bridge or in the main fire control station.(f) Indicating units shall, as a minimum, denote the section in which a detector or manually operated call point has operated. At least one unit shall be so located that it is easily accessible to responsible members of the crew at all times, when at sea or in port except when the ship is out of service. One indicating unit shall be located on the navigating bridge if the control panel is located in the main fire control station. (L.N. 410 of 1995)(g) Clear information shall be displayed on or adjacent to each indicating unit about the spaces covered and the location of the sections.(h) Where the fire detection system does not include means of remotely identifying each detector individually, no section covering more than one deck within accommodation spaces, service spaces and control stations shall be permitted except a section which covers an enclosed stairway. In order to avoid delay in identifying the source of fire, each section shall contain not more than 100 detectors and shall cover not more than 50 rooms. If the detection system is fitted with remotely and individually identifiable fire detectors, the sections may cover several decks and serve any number of enclosed spaces. (L.N. 410 of 1995)(i) In passenger ships, if there is no fire detection system capable of remotely and individually identifying each detector, a section of detectors shall not serve spaces on both sides of the ship nor on more than one deck and neither shall it be situated in more than one main vertical zone except that the Director, if he is satisfied that the protection of ship against fire will not thereby be reduced, may permit such a section of detectors to serve both sides of the ship and more than one deck. In passenger ships fitted with individually identifiable fire detectors, a section may serve spaces on both sides of the ship and on several decks but may not be situated in more than one main vertical zone. (L.N. 410 of 1995)(j) A section of fire detectors covering a control station, service space, accommodation space or cargo space shall not include a machinery space of Category A.(k) Detectors shall be operated by heat, smoke or other products of combustion, flame or any combination of these factors. Detectors operated by other factors indicative of incipient fires may be accepted by the Director provided that they are no less sensitive than such detectors. Flame detectors shall be used only as additional to smoke or heat detectors.(l) Suitable instructions and spare components for testing and maintenance shall be provided.(m) The function of the detection system shall be periodically tested to the satisfaction of the Director by means of equipment producing hot air at the appropriate temperature, or smoke or aerosol particles having the appropriate range of density or particle size, or other phenomena associated with incipient fires to which the detector is designed to respond. All detectors shall be of a type such that they can be tested for correct operation and restored to normal surveillance without the renewal of any component.(n) The fire detection system shall not be used for any other purpose except that closing of fire doors and similar functions may be permitted at the control panel.(o) Fire detection systems with a zone address identification capability fitted on or after 1 October 1994 shall be so arranged that—(i) a loop cannot be damaged at more than one point by a fire;(ii) means are provided to ensure that any fault (e.g. power break, short circuit, earth) occurring in the loop will not render the whole loop ineffective;(iii) all arrangements are made to enable the initial configuration of the system to be restored in the event of failure (electrical, electronic, informatic);(iv) the first initiated fire alarm will not prevent any other detector to initiate further fire alarms. (L.N. 410 of 1995) Installation requirements (2) (a) Manually operated call points shall be installed throughout the accommodation spaces, service spaces and control stations. One manually operated call point shall be located at each exit. Manually operated call points shall be readily accessible in the corridors of each deck such that no part of the corridor is more than 20 metres from a manually operated call point.(b) Smoke detectors shall be installed in all stairways, corridors and escape routes within accommodation spaces.(c) Where a fixed fire detection and fire alarm system is required for the protection of spaces other than those specified in paragraph (2)(b) at least one detector complying with paragraph (1)(k) shall be installed in each such space.(d) Detectors shall be located for optimum performance. Positions near beams and ventilation ducts or other positions where patterns of air flow could adversely affect performance and positions where impact or physical damage is likely shall be avoided. In general, detectors which are located in overhead positions shall be a minimum distance of 0.5 metre away from bulkheads.(e) The maximum spacing of detectors shall be in accordance with the table below— Type ofdetector Maximum floorarea per detector Maximum distanceapart between centres Maximum distanceaway from bulkheads Heat 37m2 9m 4.5m Smoke 74m2 11m 5.5m The Director may require or permit other spacings based upon test data which demonstrate the characteristics of the detectors.(f) Electrical wiring which forms part of the system shall be so arranged as to avoid galleys, machinery spaces of Category A, and other enclosed spaces of high fire risk except where it is necessary to provide for fire detection or fire alarm in such spaces or to connect to the appropriate power supply. Design requirements (3) (a) The system and equipment shall be suitably designed to withstand supply voltage variation and transients, ambient temperature changes, vibration, humidity, shock, impact and corrosion normally encountered in ships.(b) Smoke detectors required by paragraph (2)(b) shall be certified to operate before the smoke density exceeds 12.5% obscuration per metre, but not to operate until the smoke density exceeds 2% obscuration per metre. Smoke detectors to be installed in other spaces shall operate within sensitivity limits to the satisfaction of the Director having regard to the avoidance of detector insensitivity or oversensitivity. (E.R. 1 of 2022)(c) Heat detectors shall be certified to operate before the temperature exceeds 78°C but not to operate until the temperature exceeds 54°C, when the temperature is raised to those limits at a rate less than 1°C per minute. At higher rates of temperature rise, the heat detector shall operate within temperature limits to the satisfaction of the Director having regard to the avoidance of detector insensitivity or oversensitivity.(d) The permissible temperature of operation of heat detectors may be increased to 30°C above the maximum deckhead temperature in drying rooms and similar spaces of a normal high ambient temperature. Special requirements for periodically unattended machinery spaces (4) For periodically unattended machinery spaces the fixed fire detection and fire alarm system shall comply with the following additional requirements—(a) This fire detection system shall be so designed and the detectors so positioned as to detect rapidly the onset of fire in any part of those spaces and under any normal conditions of operation of the machinery and variations of ventilation as required by the possible range of ambient temperatures. Except in spaces of restricted height and where their use is specially appropriate detection systems using only thermal detectors shall not be permitted. The detection system shall initiate audible and visual alarms distinct in both respects from the alarms of any other system not indicating fire, in sufficient places to ensure that the alarms are heard and observed on the navigating bridge and by a responsible engineer officer. When the navigating bridge is unmanned the alarm shall sound in a place where a responsible member of the crew is on duty.(b) After installation the system shall be tested under varying conditions of engine operation and ventilation. Special requirements for cargo spaces (5) In cargo spaces the system shall comply with the following additional requirements—(a) Detectors shall be grouped into separate sections such that a section shall cover not more than one cargo space. Each section shall contain not more than 100 detectors.(b) The type number and spacing of detectors shall be to the satisfaction of the Director taking into account the conditions of ventilation and other factors prevailing in the space in which the detectors are installed.(c) In special category spaces and ro-ro cargo spaces, the system shall be capable of rapidly detecting the onset of fire. After being installed, the system shall be tested under normal ventilation conditions and shall give an overall response time to the satisfaction of the Director. Schedule 12 [regs. 10(2), 36(3), 88(a), 104(a) & 143(6)(f)]Sample Extraction Smoke Detection Systems General requirements (1) (a) Wherever in the text of this Schedule the word system (系統) appears, it shall mean “sample extraction smoke detection system” (E.R. 1 of 2022)(b) Any required system shall be capable of continuous operation, at all times except that systems operating on a sequential scanning principle may be accepted, provided that the interval between scanning the same position twice gives an overall response time to the satisfaction of the Director.(c) Power supplies necessary for the operation of the system shall be monitored for loss of power. Occurrence of loss of power shall initiate a visual and audible signal at the control panel and the navigating bridge which shall be distinct from a signal indicating smoke detection.(d) An alternative power supply for the electrical equipment used in the operation of the system shall be provided.(e) The control panel shall be located on the navigating bridge or in the main fire control station.(f) The detection of smoke or other products of combustion shall initiate a visual and audible signal at the control panel and the navigating bridge.(g) Clear information shall be displayed on or adjacent to the control panel designating the spaces covered.(h) The sampling pipe arrangements shall be such that the location of the fire can be readily identified.(i) Suitable instructions and spare components shall be provided for the testing and maintenance of the system.(j) The function of the system shall be periodically tested to the satisfaction of the Director. The system shall be of a type that can be tested for correct operation and restored to normal surveillance without the renewal of any component.(k) The system shall be designed, constructed and installed so as to prevent the leakage of any toxic or flammable substances or fire extinguishing medium into any accommodation space, service space, control station or machinery space. Installation requirements (2) (a) At least one smoke accumulator shall be located in every enclosed space for which smoke detection is required. However, where space is designed to carry oil or refrigerated cargo alternatively with cargoes for which a smoke sampling system is required, means may be provided to isolate the smoke accumulators in such compartments for the system. Such means shall be to the satisfaction of the Director.(b) Smoke accumulators shall be located for optimum performance and shall be spaced so that no part of the overhead deck area is more than 12 metres measured horizontally from an accumulator. Where systems are used in spaces which may be mechanically ventilated, the position of the smoke accumulators shall be considered having regard to the effects of ventilation.(c) Smoke accumulators shall be positioned where impact or physical damage is unlikely to occur.(d) Not more than 4 accumulators shall be connected to each sampling point.(e) Smoke accumulators from more than one enclosed space shall not be connected to the same sampling point.(f) Sampling pipes shall be self-draining and suitably protected from impact or damage from cargo working. Design requirements (3) (a) The system and equipment shall be suitably designed to withstand supply voltage variations and transients, ambient temperature changes, vibration, humidity, shock, impact and corrosion normally encountered in ships and to avoid the possibility of ignition of flammable gas/air mixtures.(b) The sensing unit shall be certified to operate before the smoke density within the sensing chamber exceeds 6.65% obscuration per metre.(c) Duplicate sample extraction fans shall be provided. The fans shall be of sufficient capacity to operate with the normal conditions of ventilation in the protected area and shall give an overall response time to the satisfaction of the Director.(d) The control panel shall permit observation of smoke in the individual sampling pipe.(e) Means shall be provided to monitor the airflow through the sampling pipes and to ensure that as far as practicable equal quantities are extracted from each interconnected accumulator.(f) Sampling pipes shall be a minimum of 12 millimetres internal diameter except when used in conjunction with fixed gas fire extinguishing systems when the minimum size of pipe should be sufficient to permit the fire extinguishing gas to be discharged within the appropriate time.(g) Sampling pipes shall be provided with an arrangement for periodically purging with compressed air. Schedule 13 [reg. 49(1)]Fixed Deck Foam System (1) The arrangements for providing foam shall be capable of delivering foam to the entire cargo tanks deck area as well as into any cargo tank, the deck of which has been ruptured. (2) The deck foam system shall be capable of simple and rapid operation. The main control station for the system shall be suitably located outside the cargo area adjacent to the accommodation spaces and readily accessible and operable in the event of fire in the areas protected. (3) The rate of supply of foam solution (that is, the mixture of foam concentrate and water before expansion) shall be not less than the following whichever is the greatest—(a) 0.6 litre per minute per square metre of cargo tanks deck area, where cargo tanks deck area means the maximum breadth of the ship times the total longitudinal extent of the cargo tank spaces;(b) 6 litres per minute per square metre of the horizontal sectional area of the single tank having the largest such area; or(c) 3 litres per minute per square metre of the area protected by the largest monitor, such area being entirely forward of the monitor, but not less than 1,250 litres per minute. (4) Sufficient foam concentrate shall be supplied to ensure at least 20 minutes of foam generation in ships fitted with an inert gas system complying with Schedule 14 to these regulations or 30 minutes of foam generation in ships not fitted with an inert gas system when using the solution rates stipulated in paragraph (3). The foam expansion ratio (that is, the ratio of the volume of foam produced to the volume of the mixture of foam concentrate and water before expansion) shall not generally exceed 12 to 1. (5) Foam from the fixed foam system shall be supplied by means of monitors and foam applicators. At least 50% of the foam solution rate required in paragraph (3)(a) and (b) shall be delivered from each monitor. On tankers of less than 4,000 tonnes deadweight, applicators may be substituted for an installation of monitors. In such a case the capacity of each applicator shall be at least 25% of the foam solution rate required in paragraph (3)(a) or (b). (6) (a) The number and position of monitors shall be such as to comply with paragraph (1). The capacity of any monitor shall be at least 3 litres per minute of foam solution per square metre of deck area protected by that monitor, such area being entirely forward of the monitor. Such capacity shall be not less than 1,250 litres per minute.(b) The distance from the monitor to the farthest extremity of the protected area forward of that monitor shall not be more than 75% of the monitor throw in still air conditions. (7) A monitor and hose connection for a foam applicator shall be situated both port and starboard at the front of the poop or accommodation spaces facing the cargo tanks deck. On tankers of a deadweight of less than 4,000 tonnes not fitted with monitors a hose connection for a foam applicator shall be situated both port and starboard at the front of the poop or accommodation spaces facing the cargo tanks deck. (8) The capacity of any applicator shall be not less than 400 litres per minute and the applicator throw in still air conditions shall be not less than 15 metres. The number of foam applicators provided in accordance with the requirements of paragraph (5), shall be not less than 4. The number and disposition of foam main outlets shall be such that foam from at least 2 applicators can be directed on to any part of the cargo tank deck area. (9) Valves shall be provided in the foam main, and in the fire main when this is an integral part of the deck foam system, immediately forward of any monitor position to isolate damaged sections of those mains. (10) Operation of a deck foam system at its required output shall permit the simultaneous use of the minimum required number of jets of water at the required pressure from the fire main. Schedule 14 [regs. 49(2), (2A) & (5)(a) & 50(2)(a)](L.N. 410 of 1995)Inert Gas Systems: Standard Requirements (L.N. 410 of 1995) (1) Every inert gas system provided in accordance with regulation 49(2) or (5)(a) of these regulations shall be designed, constructed and tested to the satisfaction of the Director. (L.N. 410 of 1995) (2) The system shall be capable of—(a) inerting empty cargo tanks including slop tanks by reducing the oxygen content of the atmosphere in each tank to a level at which combustion cannot be supported;(b) maintaining the atmosphere in any part of any cargo tank or slop tank at an oxygen content not exceeding 8% by volume and at a positive pressure at all times both in port and at sea except when it is necessary for such a tank to be gas free;(c) eliminating the need for air to enter a tank during normal operations except when it is necessary for such a tank to be gas free;(d) purging empty cargo tanks including slop tanks of hydrocarbon gas, so that subsequent gas freeing operations will at no time create a flammable atmosphere within the tank. (3) (a) The system shall be capable of delivering inert gas to the cargo tanks and slop tanks at a rate of at least 125% of the maximum rate of discharge capacity of the ship, expressed as a volume.(b) The system shall be capable of delivering inert gas with an oxygen content of not more than 5% by volume in the inert gas supply main to the cargo tanks and slop tanks at any required rate of flow. (E.R. 1 of 2022) (4) The inert gas supply may be treated flue gas from the main or auxiliary boilers, from one or more separate gas generators or other sources or from any combination thereof. The Director may approve systems using inert gases other than flue gas, provided he is satisfied that an equivalent standard of safety is achieved. Systems using stored carbon dioxide shall not be permitted unless the Director is satisfied that the risk of ignition from generation of static electricity by the system itself is minimised. (5) Flue gas isolating valves shall be fitted in the inert gas supply mains between the boiler uptakes and the flue gas scrubber. These valves shall be provided with indicators to show whether they are open or shut, and precautions shall be taken to maintain them gas-tight and keep the seating clear of soot. Arrangements shall be made so that boiler soot blowers cannot be operated when the corresponding flue gas valve is open. (6) (a) A flue gas scrubber shall be fitted which will effectively cool the volume of gas specified in paragraph (3) and remove solids and sulphur combustion products. The cooling water arrangements shall be such that an adequate supply of water will always be available without interfering with any essential services on the ship. Provision shall also be made for an alternative supply of cooling water.(b) Filters or equivalent devices shall be fitted to minimise the amount of water carried over to the inert gas blowers.(c) The scrubber shall be located aft of all cargo tanks, slop tanks, cargo pump rooms and cofferdams separating these spaces from machinery spaces of Category A. (7) (a) At least 2 blowers shall be fitted which together shall be capable of delivering to the cargo tanks and slop tanks, at least the volume of gas required by paragraph (3). In a system provided with a gas generator, the Director may permit only one blower if that system is capable of delivering the total volume of gas required by paragraph (3) to the protected cargo tanks, provided that sufficient spares for the blower and its prime mover are carried on board to enable any failure of the blower and its prime mover to be rectified by the ship’s crew.(b) 2 fuel oil pumps shall be fitted to the inert gas generator. The Director may permit only one fuel oil pump on condition that sufficient spares for the fuel oil pump and its prime mover are carried on board to enable any failure of the fuel oil pump and its prime mover to be rectified by the ship’s crew.(c) The inert gas system shall be so designed that the maximum pressure which it can exert on any cargo tank will not exceed the test pressure of any cargo tank. Suitable shut-off arrangements shall be provided on the suction and discharge connexions of each blower. Arrangements shall be provided to enable the functioning of the inert gas plant to be stabilised before commencing cargo discharge. If the blowers are to be used for gas freeing, their air inlets shall be provided with blanking arrangements.(d) The blowers shall be located aft of all cargo tanks, cargo pump rooms and cofferdams separating these spaces from machinery spaces of Category A. (8) (a) The design and location of scrubber and blowers with relevant piping and fittings shall be such as to prevent flue gas leakages into enclosed spaces.(b) To permit safe maintenance, an additional water seal or other effective means of preventing flue gas leakage shall be fitted between the flue gas isolating valves and scrubber or incorporated in the gas entry to the scrubber. (9) (a) A gas regulating valve shall be fitted in the inert gas supply main. This valve shall be automatically controlled to close as required in paragraph (19)(c) and (d). It shall also be capable of automatically regulating the flow of inert gas to the cargo tanks unless means are provided to automatically control the speed of the inert gas blowers required in paragraph (7).(b) The valve referred to in subparagraph (a) shall be located at the forward bulkhead of the most forward gas safe space through which the inert gas supply main passes. (10) (a) At least 2 non-return devices, one of which shall be a water seal, shall be fitted in the inert gas supply main, in order to prevent the return of hydrocarbon vapour to the machinery spaces uptakes or to any gas safe spaces under all normal conditions of trim, list and motion of the ship. They shall be located between the automatic valve required by paragraph (9) and the aftermost connection to any cargo tank or cargo pipeline.(b) The devices referred to in this paragraph shall be located in the cargo area on deck.(c) The water seal referred to in subparagraph (a) shall be capable of being supplied by 2 separate pumps, each of which shall be capable of maintaining an adequate supply at all times.(d) The arrangement of the seal and its associated provisions shall be such that it will prevent back-flow of hydrocarbon vapours and will ensure the proper functioning of the seal under operating conditions.(e) Provision shall be made to ensure that the water seal is protected against freezing, in such a way that the integrity of the seal is not impaired by overheating.(f) A water loop or other arrangement approved by the Director shall also be fitted to all associated water supply and drain piping and all venting or pressure sensing piping leading to gas safe spaces. Means shall be provided to prevent such loops from being emptied by vacuum.(g) The deck water seal and all loop arrangements shall be capable of preventing return of hydrocarbon vapours at a pressure equal to the test pressure of the cargo tanks.(h) The second non-return device mentioned in subparagraph (a) shall be a non-return valve or equivalent capable of preventing the return of vapours or liquids or both and fitted forward of the deck water seal required by that subparagraph (a). It shall be provided with either positive means of closure or an additional valve having such means of closure located forward of the non-return valve to isolate the deck water seal from the inert gas main to the cargo tanks and slop tanks.(i) As an additional safeguard against the possible leakage of hydrocarbon liquids or vapours back from the deck main, means shall be provided to permit the section of the line between the valve having positive means of closure referred to in subparagraph (h), and the valve referred to in paragraph (9) to be vented in a safe manner when the first of these valves is closed. (11) (a) The inert gas main may be divided into 2 or more branches forward of the non-return devices required by paragraph (10).(b) (i) The inert gas supply main shall be fitted with branch piping leading to each cargo tank and slop tank. Branch piping for inert gas shall be fitted with either stop valves or equivalent means of control for isolating each tank. Where stop valves are fitted, they shall be provided with locking arrangements, which shall be under the control of a responsible ship’s officer.(ia) For a post-1998 ship, positive indication of the operational status of the valves must be provided for the control system. (L.N. 254 of 2018)(ii) In combination carriers, the arrangements to isolate the slop tanks containing oil or oil residues from other tanks shall consist of blank flanges which will remain in position at all times when cargoes other than oil are being carried except as provided for in the relevant section of the Guidelines for Inert Gas Systems. (E.R. 1 of 2022)(c) Means shall be provided to protect cargo tanks and slop tanks against the effect of over-pressure or vacuum caused by thermal variations when such tanks are isolated from the inert gas main.(d) Piping systems shall be so designed as to prevent the accumulation of cargo or water in the pipelines under all normal conditions.(e) Suitable arrangements shall be provided to enable the inert gas main to be connected to an external supply of inert gas. (12) The arrangements for the venting of all vapours displaced from the cargo tanks during loading or ballasting shall comply with regulation 12 of the Merchant Shipping (Safety) (Cargo Ship Construction and Survey)(Ships Built On or After 1 September 1984) Regulations (Cap. 369 sub. leg. S) and shall consist of either one or more mast risers, or a number of high velocity vents. The inert gas supply main may be used for such venting. (E.R.

1 of 2022) (13) The arrangements for inerting, purging or gas freeing of empty tanks as required in paragraph (2) shall be approved by the Director and shall be such that the accumulation of hydrocarbon vapours in pockets formed by the internal structural members in a tank is minimised and that—(a) on individual cargo tanks or slop tanks the gas outlet pipe, if fitted, shall be positioned as far as practicable from the inert gas/air inlet and in accordance with regulation 12 of the Merchant Shipping (Safety) (Cargo Ship Construction and Survey) (Ships Built On or After 1 September 1984) Regulations (Cap. 369 sub. leg. S). The inlet of such outlet pipes may be located at either deck level or at not more than 1 metre above the bottom of the tank; (E.R. 1 of 2022)(b) the cross sectional area of such a gas outlet pipe referred to in subparagraph (a) shall be such that an exit velocity of at least 20 metres per second can be maintained when any three tanks are being simultaneously supplied with inert gas. Their outlets shall extend not less than 2 metres above deck level;(c) each gas outlet referred to in subparagraph (b) shall be fitted with suitable blanking arrangements;(d) (i) if a connection is fitted between the inert gas supply main and the cargo piping system, arrangements shall be made to ensure an effective isolation having regard to the high pressure difference which may exist between the systems. This shall consist of 2 shut-off valves with an arrangement to vent the space between the valves in a safe manner or an arrangement consisting of a spool-piece with associated blanks; (E.R. 1 of 2022)(ii) the valve separating the inert gas supply main from the cargo main and which is on the cargo main side; shall be a non-return valve with a positive means of closure. (14) (a) One or more pressure-vacuum breaking devices shall be provided to prevent the cargo tanks from being subject to—(i) a positive pressure in excess of the test pressure of the cargo tank if the cargo were to be loaded at the maximum rated capacity and all other outlets were left shut; and(ii) a negative pressure in excess of 700 millimetres water gauge if cargo were to be discharged at the maximum rated capacity of the cargo pumps and the inert gas blower were to fail. Such devices shall be installed on the inert gas main unless they are installed in the venting system required by regulation 12 of the Merchant Shipping (Safety) (Cargo Ship Construction and Survey) (Ships Built On or After 1 September 1984) Regulations (Cap. 369 sub. leg. S) or on individual cargo tanks. (E.R. 1 of 2022)(b) The location and design of the devices referred to in subparagraph (a) shall be in accordance with regulation 12 of the Merchant Shipping (Safety) (Cargo Ship Construction and Survey) (Ships Built On or After 1 September 1984) Regulations (Cap. 369 sub. leg. S). (E.R. 1 of 2022)(15) Means shall be provided for continuously indicating the temperature and pressure of the inert gas at the discharge side of the gas blowers, whenever those gas blowers are operating. (16) (a) Instrumentation shall be fitted for continuously indicating and permanently recording when the inert gas is being supplied—(i) the pressure of the inert gas supply main forward of the non-return devices required by paragraph (10)(a); and(ii) the oxygen content of the inert gas in the inert gas supply main on the discharge side of the gas blowers.(b) The devices referred to in subparagraph (a) shall be placed in the cargo control room where provided. Where no cargo control room is provided, they shall be placed in a position easily accessible to the officer in charge of cargo operations.(c) In addition, meters shall be fitted—(i) in the navigating bridge, to indicate at all times the pressure referred to in subparagraph (a)(i) and the pressure in the slop tanks of combination carriers, whenever those tanks are isolated from the inert gas supply main; and(ii) in the machinery control room or in the machinery space, to indicate the oxygen content referred to in subparagraph (a)(ii). (17) Portable instruments for measuring oxygen and flammable vapour concentration shall be provided. In addition, suitable arrangements shall be made on each cargo tank and slop tank such that the condition of the tank atmosphere can be determined using these portable instruments. (18) Suitable means shall be provided for the zero and span calibration of both fixed and portable gas concentration measurement instruments, referred to in paragraphs (16) and (17). (19) (a) For an inert gas system of the flue gas type (whatever the date of construction of the ship) and for an inert gas system of the inert gas generator type in a ship constructed on or after 1 February 1992, audible and visual alarms shall be provided to indicate— (L.N. 410 of 1995)(i) low water pressure or low water flow rate to the flue gas scrubber referred to in paragraph (6)(a);(ii) high water level in the flue gas scrubber referred to in paragraph (6)(a);(iii) high gas temperature referred to in paragraph (15);(iv) failure of any of the inert gas blowers referred to in paragraph (7)(a);(v) oxygen content in excess of 8% by volume referred to in paragraph (16)(a)(ii);(vi) failure of the power supply to the automatic control system for the gas regulating valve and to the indicating devices referred to in paragraphs (9) and (16)(a) respectively;(vii) low water level in the water seal referred to in paragraph (10)(a);(viii) gas pressure less than 100 millimetres water gauge as referred to in paragraph (16)(a)(i); the alarm arrangement for this gas pressure shall be such as to ensure that the pressure in slop tanks in combination carriers can be monitored at all times; and(ix) high gas pressure referred to in paragraph (16)(a)(i).(aa) For an inert gas system of the inert gas generator type in a ship constructed before 1 February 1992, audible and visual alarms shall be provided to indicate as stated in subparagraph (a)(i), (iii) and (v) to (ix). (L.N. 410 of 1995)(b) For an inert gas system of the inert gas generator type (whatever the date of construction of the ship) additional alarms (which, in the case of a ship constructed on or after 1 February 1992, must be audible and visual) shall be provided to indicate— (L.N. 410 of 1995)(i) insufficient fuel oil supply;(ii) failure of the power supply to the generator;(iii) failure of the power supply to the automatic control system for the generator.(c) Automatic shut down of the inert gas blowers and gas regulating valve shall be arranged on predetermined limits being reached in respect of subparagraph (a)(i), (ii) and (iii).(d) Automatic shut down of the gas regulating valve shall be arranged so as to take account of failure of the inert gas blowers referred to in paragraph (7).(e) In relation to subparagraph (a)(v), when the oxygen content of the inert gas exceeds 8 per cent, immediate action shall be taken to reduce the oxygen level. Unless the quality of the gas improves, all in-tank operations shall be suspended so as to avoid air being drawn into the tanks and the isolation valve referred to in paragraph (10)(h), shall be closed.(f) The alarms required in subparagraph (a)(v), (vi) and (viii) shall be fitted in the machinery space and cargo control room, where provided, but in any event in such a position that they are immediately received by responsible members of the crew. (E.R. 1 of 2022)(g) In relation to subparagraph (a)(vii) the Director shall be satisfied as to the maintenance of an adequate reserve of water at all times and the integrity of the arrangements to permit the automatic formation of the water seal when the gas flow ceases. The audible and visual alarm on the low level of water in the water seal shall operate when the inert gas is not being supplied.(h) An audible alarm system, independent of that required in subparagraph (a)(viii), or automatic shut down of cargo pumps shall be provided to operate on predetermined limits of low pressure in the inert gas main being reached. (20) A detailed instruction manual shall be provided on board by the owner and it shall cover the operational safety and maintenance requirements and occupational health hazards relevant to the inert gas system and its application to the cargo tank system. The manual shall include guidance on procedures to be followed in the event of a fault or failure of the inert gas system as detailed in the Guidelines for Inert Gas Systems. Schedule 15 [regs. 49(2A)(a) & 50(2)(b)]Inert Gas Systems: Alternative Requirements for Chemical Tankers (1) (a) Every inert gas system provided in accordance with regulation 49(2A)(a) of these regulations shall be designed, constructed and tested to the satisfaction of the Director.(b) In this Schedule a reference to a cargo tank includes a reference to a slop tank containing cargo residues. (2) The system shall be capable of—(a) inerting empty cargo tanks by reducing the oxygen content of the atmosphere in each tank to a level at which combustion cannot be supported;(b) maintaining the atmosphere, in all parts of each cargo tank designated to carry flammable products requiring protection by an inert gas system, with an oxygen content not exceeding 8% by volume and at a positive pressure at all times in port and at sea except when it is necessary for such a tank to be gas free;(c) eliminating the need for air to enter a tank during normal operations except when it is necessary for such a tank to be gas free;(d) purging empty cargo tanks of flammable vapour, so that subsequent gas freeing operations will at no time create a flammable atmosphere within the tanks. (3) (a) The system shall be capable of delivering inert gas to the cargo tanks at a rate of at least 125% of the maximum rate of discharge capacity of the ship expressed as a volume. The Director may accept an inert gas system having a lower delivery capacity provided that the maximum rate of discharge of cargoes from cargo tanks being protected by the system is restricted to 80% of the inert gas capacity.(b) The system shall be capable of delivering inert gas with an oxygen content of not more than 5% by volume in the inert gas supply main to the cargo tanks at any required rate of flow. (4) (a) Suitable fuel in sufficient quantity shall be provided for the inert gas generators.(b) The inert gas generators shall be located outside the cargo tank area as defined in the Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk and the International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk. Spaces containing inert gas generators shall have no direct access to accommodation, service or control station spaces, but may be located in machinery spaces. If they are not located in machinery spaces, they shall be located in a compartment reserved solely for their use. Such a compartment shall be separated by a gastight steel bulkhead or deck from accommodation, service and control station spaces. Adequate positive-pressure-type mechanical ventilation shall be provided for such a compartment. Access to such compartments located aft shall be only from an open deck outside the cargo tank area. Access shall be located on the end bulkhead not facing the cargo area or on the outboard side of the superstructure or deckhouse at a distance of at least 25% of the length of the ship but not less than 5 metres from the end of the superstructure or deckhouse facing the cargo area. In the case of such a compartment being located in the forecastle, access shall be through the deckhead forward of the cargo area.(c) Inert gas piping systems shall not pass through accommodation, service and control station spaces. (5) (a) Means shall be provided which will effectively cool the volume of gas specified by paragraph (3) and remove solids and sulphur combustion products. The cooling water arrangements shall be such that an adequate supply of water will always be available without interfering with any essential services on the ship. Provision shall also be made for an alternative supply of cooling water.(b) Filters or equivalent devices shall be fitted to minimise the amount of water carried over to the inert gas main. (6) (a) 2 air blowers shall be fitted to each inert gas generator, which together shall be capable of delivering to the cargo tanks required to be protected by the system at least the volume of gas required by paragraph (3). The Director may permit only one blower if it is capable of delivering to the protected cargo tanks the total volume of gas required by paragraph (3), provided that sufficient spares for the air blower and its prime mover are carried on board to enable any failure of the air blower and its prime mover to be rectified.(b) The inert gas system shall be so designed that the maximum pressure which it can exert on any cargo tank will not exceed the test pressure of that tank.(c) Where more than one inert gas generator is provided, suitable shut-off arrangements shall be provided on the discharge outlet of each generator plant.(d) Arrangements shall be made to vent the inert gas to the atmosphere in case the inert gas produced is sub-standard, e.g. during starting-up or in case of equipment failure.(e) Where inert gas generators are served by positive displacement blowers, a pressure relief device shall be provided to prevent excess pressure being developed on the discharge side of the blower. (7) Two fuel oil pumps shall be fitted to each inert gas generator. The Director may permit only one fuel oil pump on condition that sufficient spares for the fuel oil pump and its prime mover are carried on board to enable any failure of the fuel oil pump and its prime mover to be rectified by the ship’s crew. (8) A gas regulating valve shall be fitted in the inert gas supply main. This valve shall be automatically controlled to close as required by paragraph (17)(b) and (c). It shall also be capable of automatically regulating the flow of inert gas to the cargo tanks unless other means are provided to control automatically the inert gas flow rate. (9) (a) At least 2 non-return devices, one of which shall be a water seal, shall be fitted in the inert gas supply main in order to prevent the return of flammable vapour to the inert gas generator and to any gas-safe space under all normal conditions of trim, list and motion of the ship. They shall be located between the automatic valve required by paragraph (8) and the first connection to any cargo tank or cargo pipeline. The Director may permit an alternative arrangement or device providing a measure of safety equivalent to that of a water seal.(b) The devices referred to in subparagraph (a) shall be located in the cargo tank area on deck.(c) The water seal referred to in subparagraph (a) shall be capable of being supplied by 2 separate pumps, each of which shall be capable of maintaining an adequate supply at all times.(d) The arrangement of the water seal and its associated provisions shall be such that it will prevent backflow of flammable vapours and will ensure the proper functioning of the water seal under operating conditions.(e) Provision shall be made to ensure that any water seal is protected against freezing, in such a way that the integrity of the water seal is not impaired by overheating.(f) A water loop or other approved arrangement shall also be fitted to all associated water supply and drain piping and to all venting or pressure-sensing piping leading to gas-safe places. Means shall be provided to prevent such loops from being emptied by vacuum.(g) Any water seal or equivalent device and all loop arrangements shall be capable of preventing the return of flammable vapours to an inert gas generator at a pressure equal to the test pressure of the cargo tanks.(h) The second device shall be a non-return valve or equivalent capable of preventing the return of vapours or liquids or both and fitted between the water seal or the equivalent device required by subparagraph (a) and the first connection from the inert gas main to a cargo tank. It shall be provided with positive means of closure. As an alternative to positive means of closure, an additional valve having such means of closure may be provided between the non-return valve and the first connection to the cargo tanks to isolate the water seal or equivalent device.(i) As an additional safeguard against the possible leakage of flammable liquids or vapours back from the deck main, means shall be provided to permit the section of the line between the valve having positive means of closure referred to in subparagraph (h) and the valve referred to in paragraph (8) to be vented in a safe manner when the first of these valves is closed. (10) (a) The inert gas main may be divided into 2 or more branches between the non-return devices required by paragraph (9) and the cargo tanks.(b) Inert gas supply mains shall be fitted with branch piping leading to each cargo tank designated for the carriage of flammable products required to be inerted by this Schedule. Each cargo tank containing or loading products not required to be inerted shall be separated from the inert gas main by—(i) removing spool pieces, valves or other pipe sections, and blanking the pipe ends; or(ii) an arrangement of 2 spectacle flanges in series with provision for detecting leakage into the pipe between the 2 spectacle flanges.(c) Means shall be provided to protect cargo tanks against the effect of overpressure or vacuum caused by thermal variations when the tanks are isolated from the inert gas mains.(d) Piping systems shall be so designed as to prevent the accumulation of cargo or water in the pipelines under all normal conditions.(e) Suitable arrangements shall be provided to enable the inert gas main to be connected to an external supply of inert gas. (11) Unless the arrangements for venting of all vapours displaced from the cargo tanks during loading and ballasting comply with the requirements of the Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk or the International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk for controlled venting, such arrangements shall comply with regulation 12 of the Merchant Shipping (Safety) (Cargo Ship Construction and Survey) (Ships Built On or After 1 September 1984) Regulations (Cap. 369 sub. leg. S) and shall consist either of one or more mast risers or of a number of high velocity vents. (E.R. 1 of 2022) (12) The arrangements for inerting, purging or gas freeing of empty tanks as required by paragraph (2) shall be to the satisfaction of the Director and shall be such that the accumulation of hydrocarbon vapours in pockets formed by the internal structural members in a tank is minimised and that—(a) on individual cargo tanks the gas outlet pipe, if fitted, shall be positioned as far as practicable from the inert gas/air inlet and in accordance with regulation 12(5)(c) of the Merchant Shipping (Safety) (Cargo Ship Construction and Survey) (Ships Built On or After 1 September 1984) Regulations (Cap. 369 sub. leg. S) or paragraph 8.2.2.3 of the International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk. The inlet of such outlet pipes may be located either at deck level or not more than 1 metre above the bottom of the tank; (E.R. 1 of 2022)(b) the cross-sectional area of such gas outlet pipe referred to in subparagraph (a) shall be such that an exit velocity of at least 20 metres per second can be maintained when any 3 tanks are being simultaneously supplied with inert gas. Their outlets shall extend not less than 2 metres above deck level. When in accordance with paragraph (3) the Director permits a system designed to supply only one tank or 2 tanks simultaneously, the outlet pipes shall be sized such that an exit velocity in the outlet pipes of 20 metres per second can be maintained;(c) each gas outlet referred to in subparagraph (b) shall be fitted with suitable blanking arrangements. (13) Means shall be provided for continuously indicating the temperature and pressure of the inert gas at the discharge side of the system, whenever it is operating. (14) (a) Instrumentation shall be fitted for continuously indicating and permanently recording, when the inert gas is being supplied—(i) the pressure of the inert gas supply mains between the non-return devices required by paragraph (9)(a) and the cargo tanks; and(ii) the oxygen content of the inert gas in the inert gas supply main.(b) The devices referred to in subparagraph (a) shall be placed in the cargo control room where provided. Where no cargo control room is provided, they shall be placed in a position easily accessible to the officer in charge of cargo operations.(c) In addition, meters shall be fitted—(i) in the navigating bridge to indicate at all times the pressure referred to in subparagraph (a)(i); and(ii) in the machinery control room or in the machinery space to indicate the oxygen content referred to in subparagraph (a)(ii). (15) Portable instruments for measuring oxygen and flammable vapour concentration shall be provided. In addition, suitable arrangements shall be made on each cargo tank such that the condition of the tank atmosphere can be determined using these portable instruments. (16) Suitable means shall be provided for the zero and span calibration of both fixed and portable gas concentration measurement instruments, referred to in paragraphs (14) and (15). (17) (a) Audible and visual alarms shall be provided to indicate—(i) low water pressure or low water flow rate to the cooling and scrubbing arrangements referred to in paragraph (5)(a);(ii) low fuel supply;(iii) high gas temperature referred to in paragraph (13);(iv) failure of the power supply to the inert gas generators;(v) oxygen content in excess of 8% by volume referred to in paragraph (14)(a)(ii);(vi) failure of the power supply to the indicating devices referred to in paragraph (14)(a) and to the automatic control systems for the gas regulating valve referred to in paragraph (8) and the inert gas generator;(vii) low water level in the water seal referred to in paragraph (9);(viii) gas pressure less than 100 millimetres water gauge referred to in paragraph (14)(a); and(ix) high gas pressure referred to in paragraph (14)(a)(i).(b) Automatic shutdown of the gas regulating valve and of the fuel oil supply to the inert gas generator shall be arranged on predetermined limits being reached in respect of subparagraph (a)(i) and (iii).(c) Automatic shutdown of the gas regulating valve shall be arranged in respect of subparagraph (a)(iv).(d) In respect of subparagraph (a)(v), when the oxygen content of the inert gas exceeds 8% by volume, immediate action shall be taken to improve the gas quality. Unless the quality of the inert gas improves, all operations in those tanks to which inert gas is being supplied shall be suspended so as to avoid air being drawn into the tanks. The deck isolation valve referred to in paragraph (9)(h) shall be closed, and the sub-standard gas shall be vented to atmosphere.(e) The alarms required by subparagraph (a)(v), (vi) and (viii) shall be fitted in the machinery space and cargo control room, where provided, but in each case in such a position that they are immediately received by responsible members of the crew. All other alarms required by this paragraph shall be audible to responsible members of the crew either as individual alarms or as a group alarm.(f) In respect of subparagraph (a)(vii), the Director shall be satisfied as to the maintenance of an adequate reserve of water at all times and the integrity of the arrangements to permit the automatic formation of the water seal when the gas flow ceases. The audible and visual alarm on the low level of water in the water seal shall operate when the inert gas is not being supplied.(g) An audible alarm system, independent of that required by subparagraph (a)(viii), or automatic shutdown of cargo pumps shall be provided to operate on predetermined limits of low pressure in the inert gas mains being reached. (18) Detailed instruction manuals shall be provided on board, covering the operations, safety and maintenance requirements and occupational health hazards relevant to the inert gas system and its application to the cargo tank system. The manuals shall include guidance on procedures to be followed in the event of a fault or failure of the inert gas system.(Schedule 15 added L.N. 410 of 1995) Schedule 16 [regs. 49(2A)(b) & 50(2)(b)]Inert Gas System: Alternative Requirements for Chemical Tankers Constructed Before 1 July 1986 and Carrying Crude Oil or Petroleum Products (1) (a) Every inert gas system provided in accordance with regulation 49(2A)(b) of these regulations shall be designed, constructed and tested to the satisfaction of the Director.(b) In this Schedule a reference to a cargo tank includes a reference to a slop tank containing oil residues. (2) The system shall be capable of—(a) inerting empty cargo tanks by reducing the oxygen content of the atmosphere in each tank to a level at which combustion cannot be supported;(b) maintaining the atmosphere in all parts of each cargo tank designated to carry flammable products requiring protection by an inert gas system with an oxygen content not exceeding 8% by volume and at a positive pressure at all times in port and at sea except when it is necessary for such a tank to be gas free;(c) eliminating the need for air to enter a tank during normal operations except when it is necessary for such a tank to be gas free;(d) purging empty cargo tanks of flammable vapour, so that subsequent gas freeing operations will at no time create a flammable atmosphere within the tanks. (3) (a) The system shall be capable of delivering inert gas to the cargo tanks at a rate of at least 125% of the maximum rate of discharge capacity of the ship expressed as a volume. The Director may accept an inert gas system having a lower delivery capacity provided that the maximum rate of discharge of cargoes from cargo tanks being protected by the system is restricted to 80% of the inert gas capacity.(b) The system shall be capable of delivering inert gas with an oxygen content of not more than 5% by volume in the inert gas supply main to the cargo tanks at any required rate of flow. (4) (a) Suitable fuel in sufficient quantity shall be provided for the inert gas generators.(b) The inert gas generators shall be located outside the cargo tank area as defined in the Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk. Spaces containing inert gas generators shall have no direct access to accommodation, service or control station spaces, but may be located in machinery spaces. If they are not located in machinery spaces, they shall be located in a compartment reserved solely for their use. Such a compartment shall be separated by a gastight steel bulkhead or deck from accommodation, service and control station spaces. Adequate positive-pressure-type mechanical ventilation shall be provided for such a compartment. Access to such compartments located aft shall be only from an open deck outside the cargo tank area. Access shall be located on the end bulkhead not facing the cargo area or on the outboard side of the superstructure or deckhouse at a distance of at least 25% of the length of the ship but not less than 5 metres from the end of the superstructure or deckhouse facing the cargo area. In the case of such a compartment being located in the forecastle access shall be through the deckhead forward of the cargo area.(c) Inert gas piping systems shall not pass through accommodation, service and control station spaces. (5) (a) Means shall be provided which will effectively cool the volume of gas specified by paragraph (3) and remove solids and sulphur combustion products. The cooling water arrangements shall be such that an adequate supply of water will always be available without interfering with any essential services on the ship. Provision shall also be made for an alternative supply of cooling water.(b) Filters or equivalent devices shall be fitted to minimise the amount of water carried over to the inert gas main. (6) (a) 2 air blowers shall be fitted to each inert gas generator, which together shall be capable of delivering to the cargo tanks required to be protected by the system at least the volume of gas required by paragraph (3). The Director may permit only one blower if it is capable of delivering to the protected cargo tanks the total volume of gas required by paragraph (3), provided that sufficient spares for the air blower and its prime mover are carried on board to enable any failure of the air blower and its prime mover to be rectified.(b) The inert gas system shall be so designed that the maximum pressure which it can exert on any cargo tank will not exceed the test pressure of that tank.(c) Where more than one inert gas generator is provided, suitable shut-off arrangements shall be provided on the discharge outlet of each generator plant.(d) Arrangements shall be made to vent the inert gas to the atmosphere in case the inert gas produced is sub-standard, e.g. during starting-up or in case of equipment failure.(e) Where inert gas generators are served by positive displacement blowers, a pressure relief device shall be provided to prevent excess pressure being developed on the discharge side of the blower. (7) Two fuel oil pumps shall be fitted to each inert gas generator. The Director may permit only one fuel oil pump on condition that sufficient spares for the fuel oil pump and its prime mover are carried on board to enable any failure of the fuel oil pump and its prime mover to be rectified by the ship’s crew. (8) A gas regulating valve shall be fitted in the inert gas supply main. This valve shall be automatically controlled to close as required by paragraph (17)(b) and (c). It shall also be capable of automatically regulating the flow of inert gas to the cargo tanks unless other means are provided to control automatically the inert gas flow rate. (9) (a) At least 2 non-return devices, one of which shall be a water seal, shall be fitted in the inert gas supply main in order to prevent the return of flammable vapour to the inert gas generator and to any gas safe space under all normal conditions of trim, list and motion of the ship. They shall be located between the automatic valve required by paragraph (8) and the first connection to any cargo tank or cargo pipeline. The Director may permit an alternative arrangement or device providing a measure of safety equivalent to that of a water seal.(b) The devices referred to in subparagraph (a) shall be located in the cargo tank area on deck.(c) The water seal referred to in subparagraph (a) shall be capable of being supplied by 2 separate pumps, each of which shall be capable of maintaining an adequate supply at all times.(d) The arrangement of the water seal and its associated provisions shall be such that it will prevent backflow of flammable vapours and will ensure the proper functioning of the water seal under operating conditions.(e) Provision shall be made to ensure that any water seal is protected against freezing, in such a way that the integrity of the water seal is not impaired by overheating.(f) A water loop or other approved arrangement shall also be fitted to all associated water supply and drain piping and to all venting or pressure-sensing piping leading to gas safe spaces. Means shall be provided to prevent such loops from being emptied by vacuum.(g) Any water seal or equivalent device and all loop arrangements shall be capable of preventing the return of flammable vapours to an inert gas generator at a pressure equal to the test pressure of the cargo tanks.(h) The second device shall be a non-return valve or equivalent capable of preventing the return of vapours or liquids or both and fitted between the water seal or the equivalent device required by subparagraph (a) and the first connection from the inert gas main to a cargo tank. It shall be provided with positive means of closure. As an alternative to positive means of closure, an additional valve having such means of closure may be provided between the non-return valve and the first connection to the cargo tanks to isolate the water seal or equivalent device.(i) As an additional safeguard against the possible leakage of flammable liquids or vapours back from the deck main, means shall be provided to permit the section of the line between the valve having positive means of closure referred to in subparagraph (h) and the valve referred to in paragraph (8) to be vented in a safe manner when the first of these valves is closed. (10) (a) The inert gas main may be divided into 2 or more branches between the non-return devices required by paragraph (9) and the cargo tanks.(b) Inert gas supply mains shall be fitted with branch piping leading to each cargo tank designated for the carriage of flammable products required to be inerted by this Schedule. Each cargo tank containing or loading products not required to be inerted shall be separated from the inert gas main by—(i) removing spool pieces, valves or other pipe sections, and blanking the pipe ends; or(ii) an arrangement of 2 spectacle flanges in series with provision for detecting leakage into the pipe between the 2 spectacle flanges.(c) Means shall be provided to protect cargo tanks against the effect of overpressure or vacuum caused by thermal variations when the cargo tanks are isolated from the inert gas mains.(d) Piping systems shall be so designed as to prevent the accumulation of cargo or water in the pipelines under all normal conditions.(e) Suitable arrangements shall be provided to enable the inert gas main to be connected to an external supply of inert gas. (11) Unless the arrangements for venting of all vapours displaced from the cargo tanks during loading and ballasting comply with the requirements of the Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk for controlled venting, such arrangements shall comply with regulation 12 of the Merchant Shipping (Safety) (Cargo Ship Construction and Survey) (Ships Built On or After 1 September 1984) Regulations (Cap. 369 sub. leg. S) and shall consist either of one or more mast risers or a number of high velocity vents. The inert gas supply mains shall not be used for such venting. (E.R. 1 of 2022) (12) (a) The arrangements for inerting, purging or gas freeing of empty tanks as required by paragraph (2) shall be to the satisfaction of the Director and shall be such that the accumulation of flammable vapours in pockets formed by the internal structural members in a tank is minimised.(b) When in accordance with paragraph (3) the Director permits a system designed to supply only one tank or 2 tanks simultaneously, the outlet pipes shall be sized such that an exit velocity in the outlet pipes of 20 metres per second can be maintained. (13) Means shall be provided for continuously indicating the temperature and pressure of the inert gas at the discharge side of the system, whenever it is operating. (14) (a) Instrumentation shall be fitted for continuously indicating and permanently recording, when the inert gas is being supplied—(i) the pressure of the inert gas supply mains between the non-return devices required by paragraph (9)(a) and the cargo tanks; and(ii) the oxygen content of the inert gas in the inert gas supply main.(b) The devices referred to in subparagraph (a) shall be placed in the cargo control room where provided. Where no cargo control room is provided, they shall be placed in a position easily accessible to the officer in charge of cargo operations.(c) In addition, meters shall be fitted—(i) in the navigating bridge to indicate at all times the pressure referred to in subparagraph (a)(i); and(ii) in the machinery control room or in the machinery space to indicate the oxygen content referred to in subparagraph (a)(ii). (15) Portable instruments for measuring oxygen and flammable vapour concentration shall be provided. In addition, suitable arrangements shall be made on each cargo tank such that the condition of the tank atmosphere can be determined using these portable instruments. (16) Suitable means shall be provided for the zero and span calibration of both fixed and portable gas concentration measurement instruments, referred to in paragraphs (14) and (15). (17) (a) Audible and visual alarms shall be provided to indicate—(i) low water pressure or low water flow rate to the cooling and scrubbing arrangement referred to in paragraph (5)(a);(ii) low fuel supply;(iii) high gas temperature referred to in paragraph (13);(iv) failure of the power supply to the inert gas generators;(v) oxygen content in excess of 8% by volume referred to in paragraph (14)(a)(ii);(vi) failure of the power supply to the indicating devices referred to in paragraph (14)(a) and to the automatic control systems for the gas regulating valve referred to in paragraph (8) and the inert gas generator;(vii) low water level in the water seal referred to in paragraph (9)(a);(viii) gas pressure less than 100 millimetres water gauge referred to in paragraph (14)(a);(ix) high gas pressure referred to in paragraph (14)(a)(i).(b) Automatic shutdown of the gas regulating valve and of the fuel oil supply to the inert gas generator shall be arranged on predetermined limits being reached in respect of subparagraph (a)(i) and (iii).(c) Automatic shutdown of the gas regulating valve shall be arranged in respect of subparagraph (a)(iv).(d) In respect of subparagraph (a)(v), when the oxygen content of the inert gas exceeds 8% by volume, immediate action shall be taken to improve the gas quality. Unless the quality of the inert gas improves, all operations in those tanks to which inert gas is being supplied shall be suspended so as to avoid air being drawn into the tanks. The deck isolation valve referred to in paragraph (9)(h) shall be closed and the sub-standard gas shall be vented to atmosphere.(e) The alarms required by subparagraph (a)(v), (vi) and (viii) shall be fitted in the machinery space and cargo control room, where provided, but in each case in such a position that they are immediately received by responsible members of the crew. All other alarms required by this paragraph shall be audible to responsible members of the crew either as individual alarms or as a group alarm.(f) In respect of subparagraph (a)(vii), the Director shall be satisfied as to the maintenance of an adequate reserve of water at all times and the integrity of the arrangements to permit the automatic formation of the water seal when the gas flow ceases. The audible and visual alarm on the low level of water in the water seal shall operate when the inert gas is not being supplied.(g) An audible alarm system, independent of that required by subparagraph (a)(viii), or automatic shutdown of cargo pumps shall be provided to operate on predetermined limits of low pressure in the inert gas mains being reached. (18) Detailed instruction manuals shall be provided on board, covering the operations, safety and maintenance requirements and occupational health hazards relevant to the inert gas system and its application to the cargo tank system. The manuals shall include guidance on procedures to be followed in the event of a fault or failure of the inert gas system.(Schedule 16 added L.N. 410 of 1995)