Cap. 374 sub. leg. A

Road Traffic (Construction and Maintenance of Vehicles) Regulations(Format changes—E.R. 2 of 2012)(Cap. 374, section 9) [25 August 1984] L.N. 297 of 1984(Format changes—E.R. 4 of 2022) Editorial Note: Please see the transitional provisions contained in section 3 of L.N. 113 of 1998, which came into operation on 20 February 1998. Part I Preliminary (Format changes—E.R. 2 of 2012) 1. Citation (E.R. 4 of 2022)(1) These regulations may be cited as the Road Traffic (Construction and Maintenance of Vehicles) Regulations (words omitted as spent—E.R. 2 of 2012).(2) (Omitted as spent—E.R. 2 of 2012) 2. Interpretation In these regulations, unless the context otherwise requires—1949 Convention (1949年國際公約) means the International Convention relative to the international circulation of motor traffic concluded at Geneva on 19 September 1949; (L.N. 48 of 2007)agricultural implement (農具) means an agricultural implement or agricultural machine, being in either case a vehicle;agricultural tractor (農業用拖拉機) means a motor vehicle which is designed or adapted for use primarily in agriculture and which is not used on a road for the conveyance of any goods other than agricultural produce or articles required for the purposes of agriculture;agricultural trailer (農業用拖車) means a trailer other than an agricultural trailed appliance, which is constructed or adapted for the purpose of agriculture, horticulture or forestry and which is only used for one or more of those purposes; (L.N. 203 of 1990)air pollutant (空氣污染物) has the same meaning as in section 2 of the Air Pollution Control Ordinance (Cap. 311); (L.N. 160 of 2000)approval mark (認可標記), in relation to an installation in a vehicle, means a mark indicating compliance with the applicable requirements contained in these regulations; (L.N. 151 of 2007; 6 of 2012 s. 11)approved EDRD (認可電子數據記錄儀)—see regulation 24C(3); (6 of 2012 s. 11)approved speed limiter (認可車速限制器)—see regulation 24B(2); (6 of 2012 s. 11)articulated vehicle (掛接車輛) means a motor vehicle with a trailer so attached that part of the trailer is superimposed upon the motor vehicle, and when the trailer is uniformly loaded a substantial part of the weight of the load is borne by the motor vehicle;Authority (監督) has the same meaning as in section 2 of the Air Pollution Control Ordinance (Cap. 311); (L.N. 160 of 2000)axle weight (車軸重量), in relation to each axle of a motor vehicle or trailer, means the sum of the weights transmitted to the road surface by all the wheels of that axle; and in counting the number of axles and in determining the sum of the weights transmitted to the road surface by any one axle of a vehicle, where the centres of the areas of contact between all the wheels and the road surface can be included between any 2 vertical planes at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle less than one metre apart, those wheels shall be treated as constituting one axle;braking efficiency (制動效能), in relation to the application of brakes to a motor vehicle at any time, means the maximum braking force capable of being developed by the application of those brakes, expressed as a percentage of the gross vehicle weight of the vehicle; camera-monitor system (攝像顯示器系統) means a system that— (a) contains a combination of camera units and monitor units; and (b) is designed to be fitted to a motor vehicle to display to its driver when in the driving seat any or all of the following—(i) the front view outside the vehicle;(ii) the rear view outside the vehicle;(iii) the side views outside the vehicle; (L.N. 178 of 2024) close-coupled (緊耦合), in relation to a trailer, means that the wheels on the same side of the trailer are so fitted that all times while it is in motion they remain parallel to the longitudinal axis of the trailer, and that the distance between the centres of their respective areas of contact with the road surface does not exceed 850 millimetres;combination of vehicles (組合式車輛) means coupled vehicles which travel on the road as a unit;compression-ignition engine (壓燃式引擎) means an engine in which the fuel is injected into the cylinders or combustion space of the engine and is there ignited during normal running solely by the heat of compression of the cylinder charge;deck (層、車廂地板) means a floor or platform of a vehicle upon which seats are provided for the accommodation of passengers;dipped beam (低光) means a beam of light emitted by a headlamp carried on a vehicle, being a beam which is deflected downwards or both downwards and to the left to such an extent that it is at all times incapable of dazzling any person who is on the same horizontal plane as the vehicle at a greater distance than 8 metres from the headlamp and whose eye-level is not less than one metre above that plane;direction indicator (轉向指示器) means a device required to be fitted to a motor vehicle or trailer for the purpose of indicating the intention of the driver to change the direction of the vehicle to the right or to the left;double-decked bus (雙層巴士) means a bus having 2 decks one of which is wholly or partly above the other and each deck of which is provided with a gangway serving seats on that deck only;dual purpose lamp (雙用途燈) means a lamp combining an obligatory front lamp and an obligatory rear lamp;EDRD means an electronic data recording device; (6 of 2012 s. 11)electronic data recording device (電子數據記錄儀) means a device which records and stores running data digitally by a solid state electronic method and includes all components of the EDRD referred to in section 1 of Schedule 19; (6 of 2012 s. 11)emergency exit (緊急出口) means an exit on a vehicle which is provided for use only in case of emergency as required by these regulations;Note—See also regulation 67A in relation to an emergency exit of a light bus. (L.N. 164 of 2021)emergency window (緊急窗口) means a window on a vehicle that is provided for use only in case of emergency for leaving the vehicle; (L.N. 164 of 2021) engineering plant (工程裝置) means— (a) movable plant or equipment being a motor vehicle or trailer, specially designed and constructed for the purposes of road construction, maintenance or marking, or other engineering operations, and which—(i) cannot, owing to the requirements of those purposes, comply in all respects with the requirements of these regulations; and(ii) is not constructed primarily to carry a load other than a load which is either excavated materials raised from the ground by apparatus on the motor vehicle or trailer, or materials which the vehicle or trailer is specially designed to use or treat while carried thereon; or (b) a mobile crane which does not comply in all respects with the requirements of these regulations; entrance (入口) means any aperture or space provided to enable passengers to board a vehicle;escape hatch (逃生艙口) means an opening at the roof of a vehicle that is provided for use only in case of emergency for leaving the vehicle; (L.N. 164 of 2021)exhaust emission (排氣污染物) means any air pollutant emitted from the tail pipe of a motor vehicle; (L.N. 160 of 2000)exit (出口) means any aperture or space provided to enable passengers to leave a vehicle, but does not include an emergency window or escape hatch; (L.N. 164 of 2021) extendable aerial structure (可延伸架空結構) means any equipment, machine or structure that— (a) is fitted externally on a vehicle; and (b) can be raised or extended upwards (irrespective of the angle at which it can be raised or extended); (L.N. 178 of 2024) extreme rear (尾端) means the rearmost point for the time being of a vehicle or a sidecar, inclusive of any luggage carrier and any tailboard or other adjustable part except when the tailboard or adjustable part is extended whilst the vehicle is stationary and being loaded or unloaded;fare receipt (車費收據), in relation to a taxi, means a receipt within the meaning of regulation 49A(1) of the Road Traffic (Public Service Vehicles) Regulations (Cap. 374 sub. leg. D) which complies with the requirements of that regulation; (L.N. 148 of 1997)fitted EDRD (已裝配電子數據記錄儀) means an approved EDRD fitted to a motor vehicle to which regulation 24C applies; (6 of 2012 s. 11)fitted speed limiter (已裝配車速限制器) means an approved speed limiter fitted to a motor vehicle to which regulation 24B applies; (6 of 2012 s. 11)fleet licensee (車隊持牌人) has the meaning given by regulation 2(1) of the Road Traffic (Public Service Vehicles) Regulations (Cap. 374 sub. leg. D); (34 of 2023 s. 7)fleet taxi (車隊的士) has the meaning given by regulation 2(1) of the Road Traffic (Public Service Vehicles) Regulations (Cap. 374 sub. leg. D); (34 of 2023 s. 7)fog lamp (霧燈) means a lamp on a motor vehicle which is to be used primarily in conditions of fog or mist;front corner marker lamp (前角標誌燈) means a lamp required to be carried by a trailer by regulation 108 and which shows a white light to the side and front of the trailer through an arc extending 90 degrees forward from a line at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the trailer;gangway (過道), in relation to a bus or light bus, means the space provided for obtaining access from any entrance to the passengers’ seats or from any such seat to an exit, other than an emergency exit, but does not include a staircase or any space in front of a seat which is required only for the use of passengers occupying that seat or that row of seats;general taxi (一般的士) has the meaning given by regulation 2(1) of the Road Traffic (Public Service Vehicles) Regulations (Cap. 374 sub. leg. D); (34 of 2023 s. 7) goods-carrying trailer (載貨拖車) means a trailer constructed or adapted for use for the carriage of goods of any description and which is either— (a) a semi-trailer; or (b) a trailer with 4 or more wheels drawn by a goods vehicle or an industrial tractor or land tractor; gross combined weight (組合式車輛總重) means the actual weight transmitted to the road surface by all the wheels of a combination of vehicles;half-decked bus (一層半式巴士) means any bus which is neither a single-decked bus nor a double-decked bus;head restraint (頭部保護裝置) means a device the function of which is to limit the rearward displacement of the head of a seated passenger in relation to his torso in order to reduce the danger of injury to the cervical vertebrae of the passenger in the event of an accident; (L.N. 147 of 2002)headlamp (大燈) means a lamp, other than a fog lamp, required to be carried by a vehicle and which is designed, when lit, to illuminate the road in front of the vehicle;hours of darkness (黑夜時間) has the meaning assigned to it by regulation 2(1) and (2) of the Road Traffic (Traffic Control) Regulations (Cap. 374 sub. leg. G);illuminated area (照明面積), in relation to a lamp on a vehicle, means the area of the orthogonal projection on a vertical plane at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle of that part of the lamp through which the light is emitted; industrial tractor (工業用拖拉機) means a motor tractor, other than a land tractor, which— (a) is designed and used primarily for work off roads, or for work on roads in connexion only with road construction, maintenance or refuse collection (including any such motor vehicle when fitted with an implement or implements designed primarily for use in connexion with such work, whether or not any such implement is of itself designed to carry a load); and (b) is so constructed as to be incapable of exceeding a speed of 30 kilometres per hour on the level under its own power; internal combustion engine (內燃引擎) means a compression-ignition engine or a positive-ignition engine;international circulation permit (國際通行許可證) has the meaning assigned to it by regulation 2 of the Road Traffic (Registration and Licensing of Vehicles) Regulations (Cap. 374 sub. leg. E);land implement (土地機具) means any implement or machinery used with a land locomotive or a land tractor in connexion with agriculture, grass cutting, forestry, land levelling, dredging or similar operations and any trailer which for the time being carries only the necessary gear or equipment of the land locomotive or land tractor which tows it;land implement conveyor (土地機具運輸裝置) means a trailer, having an unladen weight not exceeding 510 kilograms, which is specially designed and constructed for the conveyance of not more than one land implement and which is marked with its unladen weight, has each of its wheels fitted with a pneumatic tyre and is towed by a land locomotive or land tractor;land locomotive (土地機車) means a locomotive designed and used primarily for work on the land in connexion with agriculture, forestry, land levelling, dredging or similar operations, which is driven on a road only when proceeding to and from the site of such work and which when so driven hauls nothing other than land implements or land implement conveyors; land tractor (土地拖拉機) means a motor tractor designed and used primarily for work on the land in connexion with agriculture, grass cutting, forestry, land levelling, dredging or similar operations, which is not constructed or adapted itself to carry a load other than— (a) water, fuel, accumulators and other equipment used for the purpose of propulsion, loose tools and loose equipment; (b) an implement fitted to the tractor and used for work on the land in connexion with any agricultural or forestry operations; LED means light-emitting diode; (L.N. 178 of 2024)liquefied petroleum gas (石油氣) has the same meaning as in section 2 of the Gas Safety Ordinance (Cap. 51); (L.N. 160 of 2000)locomotive (機車) means a motor vehicle which is not constructed itself to carry a load, other than water, fuel, accumulators and other equipment used for the purpose of propulsion, loose tools and loose equipment, and the unladen weight of which exceeds 8 tonnes;lorry crane (機動式起重吊車) means a motor vehicle the registration document of which specifies lorry crane as its type of body; (L.N. 178 of 2024)main beam (主光) means a beam of light emitted by a headlamp, being a beam which is not a dipped beam; matched pair of headlamps (配對大燈) means a pair of headlamps on a vehicle, one on each side of the vertical plane passing through the longitudinal axis of the vehicle (disregarding, for the purpose of ascertaining such axis, any sidecar attached thereto) which comply with the following requirements— (a) each headlamp in the pair is at the same height above the ground; and (b) the distance between the centre of each headlamp in the pair and the said vertical plane passing through the longitudinal axis of the vehicle does not vary by more than 25 millimetres; matched pair of obligatory headlamps (配對強制性大燈) means a matched pair of headlamps required to be carried by a vehicle by regulation 96, 97 or 98;maximum stabilized speed (最高穩定速度), in relation to a motor vehicle fitted with a speed limiter, means the highest speed at which the vehicle is able to travel when the vehicle is under the continuous and stable control of the speed limiter; (6 of 2012 s. 11)middle front seat (前排中座) has the meaning assigned to it by regulation 2(1) of the Road Traffic (Safety Equipment) Regulations (Cap. 374 sub. leg. F); (L.N. 152 of 2007)motor tractor (機動拖拉機) means a motor vehicle which is not constructed itself to carry a load, other than water, fuel, accumulators and other equipment used for the purpose of propulsion, loose tools and loose equipment and the unladen weight of which does not exceed 8 tonnes;multi-pull means of operation (多次拉力操作工具), in relation to a braking system, means a device which causes the muscular energy of the driver to apply the brakes of that system progressively as a result of successive applications of that device by the driver;new motor vehicle (新汽車) has the meaning assigned to it by section 2(1) of the Motor Vehicles (First Registration Tax) Ordinance (Cap. 330); (L.N. 151 of 2007)obligatory front lamp (強制性前燈) means a lamp, showing to the front of a vehicle a white light, required to be carried by regulation 89;obligatory headlamp (強制性大燈) means any headlamp required to be carried by a vehicle by regulation 96, 97 or 98;obligatory rear lamp (強制性後燈) means a lamp, capable of showing to the rear of a vehicle a red light, required to be carried by regulation 103; (L.N. 258 of 1984)obligatory reflector (強制性反光體) means a red reflector required to be fitted to a vehicle by regulation 106; outermost part (最外部分), in relation to a vehicle, does not include— (L.N. 178 of 2024) (a) a door, hinged side or other adjustable part of the vehicle when opened or extended; (b) a driving mirror; (c) a camera unit of a camera-monitor system; or (d) a direction indicator; (L.N. 178 of 2024) overall height (全高度) means the height of a vehicle standing on a level surface with all tyres inflated to normal pressure and with its extendable aerial structure (if any) completely lowered or retracted, measured vertically from the surface to— (L.N. 178 of 2024) (a) the highest point of the vehicle; or (b) the highest point of the load on the vehicle, whichever is the higher; (L.N. 178 of 2024) overall length (全長度) means the length of a vehicle measured between vertical planes at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle and passing through the extreme projecting points thereof exclusive of— (a) any driving mirror; (ab) any camera unit of a camera-monitor system; (L.N. 178 of 2024) (b) any starting handle; (c) any hood when down; (d) any expanding or extensible contrivance forming part of a turntable fire escape fixed to the vehicle; (L.N. 4 of 2014) (e) any front corner marker lamp or side marker lamp; and (L.N. 4 of 2014) (f) any camera unit of a reversing video device, (L.N. 4 of 2014) and in ascertaining the extreme projecting points of a vehicle account shall be taken of any device or any receptacle on or attached to the vehicle which increases the carrying capacity of the vehicle unless— (i) it is a tailboard which is let down while the vehicle is stationary in order to facilitate its loading or unloading; (ii) it is a tailboard which is let down in order to facilitate the carriage of, but which is not essential for the support of, loads which are in themselves so long as to extend at least as far as the tailboard when in the upright position; or (iii) it is a receptacle which is constructed or adapted for the purpose of being lifted on or off vehicles with goods contained therein and is from time to time actually used for that purpose; overall width (全寬度) means the width of a vehicle measured between vertical planes parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle and passing through the extreme projecting points thereof exclusive of— (a) any driving mirror; (ab) any camera unit of a camera-monitor system; (L.N. 178 of 2024) (b) any direction indicator; (c) so much of the distortion of any tyre as is caused by the weight of the vehicle; and (d) any front corner marker lamp or side marker lamp, and in ascertaining the extreme projecting points of a vehicle account shall be taken of any device or any receptacle on or attached to the vehicle which increases the carrying capacity of the vehicle unless— (i) it is a sideboard which is let down while the vehicle is stationary in order to facilitate its loading or unloading; or (ii) it is a receptacle which is constructed or adapted for the purpose of being lifted on or off vehicles with goods contained therein and is from time to time actually used for that purpose; overhang (懸出量) means the distance measured horizontally and parallel to the longitudinal axis of a vehicle between the vertical planes at right angles to that axis passing through the 2 points respectively specified in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this definition— (a) the rearmost point of the vehicle exclusive of—(i) any hood when down;(ii) any expanding or extensible contrivance forming part of a turntable fire escape fixed to the vehicle;(iii) in the case of a motor vehicle constructed solely for the carriage of passengers and their effects and adapted to carry not more than 7 passengers, any luggage carrier fitted to the vehicle; and(iv) in the case of a vehicle constructed to tow a trailer, any part of the vehicle designed primarily for use as a means of attaching the trailer and any fitting designed for use in connexion with such part, being a part and fitting the total length of which measured parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle does not exceed 300 millimetres; and (b) (i) in the case of a motor vehicle having not more than 3 axles of which only one is not a steering axle, the centre point of that axle;(ii) in the case of a motor vehicle having 3 axles of which the front axle is the only steering axle and of a motor vehicle having 4 axles of which the 2 foremost are the only steering axles, a point 100 millimetres to the rear of the centre of a straight line joining the centre points of the 2 rearmost axles; and(iii) in any other case, a point situated on the longitudinal axis of the vehicle and such that a line drawn from it at right angles to that axis will pass through the centre of the minimum turning circle of the vehicle; passenger vehicle (客運車輛) means a vehicle constructed solely for the carriage of passengers and their effects;pedestrian-controlled vehicle (徒步控制車輛) means a vehicle, other than a rickshaw, which is controlled by a pedestrian and not constructed or adapted for use or used for the carriage of a driver or passenger; (L.N. 95 of 1993)permanent top (固定車頂) means any covering of a vehicle, other than a hood made of canvas or other flexible material which is capable of being readily folded back so that no portion of such hood or any fixed structure of the roof remains vertically above any part of any seat of the vehicle, or, in the case of a double-decked bus, of any seat on the upper deck of the bus; pneumatic tyre (充氣輪胎) means a tyre which is— (a) provided with a continuous closed chamber containing air at a pressure substantially exceeding atmospheric pressure when the tyre is in the condition in which it is normally used, but is not subjected to any load; (b) capable of being inflated and deflated without removal from the wheel or vehicle; and (c) of such construction that when it is deflated and is subjected to a normal load, the sides of the tyre collapse; poor visibility conditions (能見度低的情況) has the meaning assigned to it by regulation 2(1) of the Road Traffic (Traffic Control) Regulations (Cap. 374 sub. leg. G);positive-ignition engine (強制點火式引擎) means an engine operating on the otto cycle in which a mixture of fuel and air is drawn into cylinders and ignited after compression by means of an electric spark applied at a known and predetermined moment of the cycle;primary emergency exit (主要緊急出口) means an emergency exit, being an exit provided in a single-decked bus or in the lower deck of a double-decked bus, of which the dimensions are not less than 1 350 millimetres by 500 millimetres;printing (打印) includes any electronic or mechanical mode of representing words in a visible form; (L.N. 148 of 1997)rear lamp (後燈) means a lamp showing to the rear of a vehicle a red light visible from a reasonable distance;rear marking (車尾標記) means a rear marking of the type shown in any of the diagrams numbered 1 to 5 set out in Part I of the Eleventh Schedule;rear platform (車尾平台) means a platform at the rear of a vehicle from which passengers can step directly to the ground through an exit without any step intervening;receipt printing device (收據打印設備), in relation to a taxi, means the device installed in respect of the taxi in accordance with regulation 42A; (L.N. 148 of 1997)recut pneumatic tyre (重切充氣輪胎) means any pneumatic tyre in which an existing tread pattern has been cut or burnt deeper or a new tread pattern has been cut or burnt except where the pattern is cut entirely in additional material added to the tyre for the purpose;reflecting area (反光面積), in relation to a reflector on a vehicle, means the area of the orthogonal projection on a vertical plane at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle of that part of the reflector designed to reflect light;retractable belt (可回卷安全帶) has the same meaning as in the Road Traffic (Safety Equipment) Regulations (Cap. 374 sub. leg. F); (L.N. 147 of 2002)reversing lamp (倒車燈) means a lamp showing to the rear of a vehicle a white light for the purpose of reversing;reversing video device (倒車視像裝置) means a device that is designed to be fitted to a vehicle to display to the driver in the driving position a current closed-circuit view of the rear area of the vehicle when the vehicle is reversing or about to reverse; (L.N. 4 of 2014)rigid vehicle (整體式車輛) means a motor vehicle which is not constructed or adapted to form part of an articulated vehicle;running data (行車數據), in relation to an EDRD fitted to a motor vehicle, means those data of the vehicle and the EDRD which are referred to in sections 3 and 4 of Schedule 19; (6 of 2012 s. 11)safety glass (安全玻璃) means glass so constructed or treated that if fractured it does not fly into fragments capable of causing severe cuts;safety glazing (安全透明物料) means material (other than glass) so constructed or treated that if fractured it does not fly into fragments capable of causing severe cuts;sealed beam lamp (封閉式大燈) means a lamp unit comprising a reflector system, a lens system and one or more electrical filaments, which has been sealed in the course of manufacture and which cannot be dismantled without rendering the unit unusable as a lamp;secondary emergency exit (備用緊急出口) means an emergency exit, other than a primary emergency exit provided in a bus, of which the dimensions are not less than 900 millimetres by 500 millimetres;set speed (設定速度), in relation to a speed limiter fitted to a motor vehicle, means the intended maximum speed of the vehicle as limited by the speed limiter; (6 of 2012 s. 11)side marker lamp (旁標誌燈) means a lamp required to be carried by a trailer by regulation 109 and which shows a white light to the side of the trailer through an arc extending a minimum of 70 degrees forward from a line at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the trailer and a red light to the side through an arc extending a minimum of 70 degrees rearward from that line;single-decked bus (單層巴士) means a bus upon which no part of a deck or gangway is vertically above another deck or gangway;specified passenger’s seat (指定乘客座位) has the meaning assigned to it by regulation 2(1) of the Road Traffic (Safety Equipment) Regulations (Cap. 374 sub. leg. F); (L.N. 152 of 2007) speed limiter (車速限制器) means a device the function or one of the functions of which is to limit the maximum stabilized speed of a motor vehicle by controlling— (a) for a vehicle propelled by an internal combustion engine only, the fuel feed to the engine; (b) for a vehicle propelled by an electric motor only, the electric motor output; or (c) for a vehicle capable of being propelled by both an internal combustion engine and electric motor either in combination or separately, both the fuel feed to the engine and the electric motor output; (6 of 2012 s. 11) split braking system (分路式制動系統), in relation to a motor vehicle, means a braking system so designed and constructed that— (a) it comprises two independent sections of mechanism capable of developing braking force such that, excluding the means of operation, a failure of any part (other than a fixed member or a brake shoe anchor pin) of one of the said sections shall not cause a decrease in the braking force capable of being developed by the other section; (b) the said two sections are operated by a means of operation which is common to both sections; and (c) the braking efficiency of either of the said two sections can be readily checked; stop lamp (停車燈) means a lamp required to be fitted to a motor vehicle, or to a trailer towed by a motor vehicle, for the purpose of warning other road users, when the lamp is lit, that the brakes of the motor vehicle or, in the case of a trailer, the brakes of the towing vehicle or of the combination of vehicles, are being applied;stored energy (儲存能量), in relation to a braking system of a vehicle, means energy (other than the muscular energy of the driver or the mechanical energy of a spring) stored in a reservoir for the purpose of applying the brakes under the control of the driver, either directly or as a supplement to his muscular energy;straddle carrier (跨運車) means a motor vehicle constructed to straddle and lift its load for the purpose of transportation; student service vehicle (學生服務車輛) means— (a) a public bus—(i) in respect of which a passenger service licence issued under section 27 of the Ordinance which authorizes the operation of a public bus service referred to in section 27(3)(a) of the Ordinance is in force; and(ii) which is used in the provision of a student service within the meaning of section 4(3)(d) of the Public Bus Services Ordinance (Cap. 230); (b) a private bus—(i) in respect of which a passenger service licence issued under section 27 of the Ordinance which authorizes the operation of a private bus service referred to in section 27(3)(b) of the Ordinance is in force; and(ii) which is used in the provision of a student service within the meaning of section 27(5)(a) of the Ordinance; and (c) a school private light bus; (L.N. 152 of 2007) supplementary main beam (輔助主光) means a main beam which is emitted by an obligatory headlamp which can also emit a dipped beam and which can only be used in conjunction with a main beam from another obligatory headlamp on the same side of the vertical plane passing through the longitudinal axis of the vehicle;tangential plane (切向平面), in relation to sideguard requirements, means the vertical plane formed by the external face of the outermost tyre at the rear and on the same side as the sideguard; (L.N. 203 of 1990)taxi fleet licence (的士車隊牌照) has the meaning given by regulation 2(1) of the Road Traffic (Public Service Vehicles) Regulations (Cap. 374 sub. leg. D); (34 of 2023 s. 7)towing implement (拖曳機具) means any device on wheels designed for the purpose of enabling a motor vehicle to tow another vehicle by the attachment of that device to that other vehicle in such a manner that part of that other vehicle is secured to and either rests on or is suspended from the device and some but not all of the wheels on which that other vehicle normally runs are raised off the ground;track laying vehicle (履帶式車輛) means a vehicle that is so designed and constructed that its weight is transmitted to the road surface either by means of continuous tracks or by a combination of wheels and continuous tracks in such circumstances that the weight transmitted to the road surface by the tracks is not less than half the weight of the vehicle;two-tone horn (雙音喇叭) means an instrument or apparatus which, when operated, automatically produces a sound which alternates at regular intervals between 2 fixed notes;UN Regulation (聯合國規例), when preceded or followed by a number, or any combination of letters, numbers and punctuation marks, means the regulation that bears the number or combination and is made by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe; (L.N. 178 of 2024)unladen weight (淨重量), in relation to a vehicle, means the weight of the vehicle inclusive of the body and all parts (the heavier being taken where alternative bodies or parts are used) including the weight of water or accumulators which are necessary to, or ordinarily used with, the vehicle when working on a road, but exclusive of the weight of fuel, loose tools and loose equipment in the vehicle;unleaded petrol (無鉛汽油) has the same meaning as in section 2 of the Air Pollution Control (Motor Vehicle Fuel) Regulation (Cap. 311 sub. leg. L); (L.N. 160 of 2000)van-type light goods vehicle (客貨車) means a light goods vehicle constructed with a fully enclosed body that is an integral part of the vehicle; (L.N. 178 of 2024)warning instrument (警報儀器) means any instrument required to be fitted to or carried on or in a vehicle for audibly signalling its approach or presence;wheel (車輪), in the case of a motor vehicle or trailer, means a wheel the tyre or rim of which when the vehicle is in motion on a road is in contact with the ground; and any two such wheels shall be treated as one wheel if the distance between the centres of the areas of contact between them and the road surface is less than 460 millimetres;wheel span (輪距) means the distance between the foremost and rearmost axles;wide tyre (寬輪胎) means a pneumatic tyre which has an area of contact with the road surface of not less than 300 millimetres in width when measured at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle.(L.N. 152 of 2007; E.R. 1 of 2013) 3. Application These regulations, except in so far as they apply to the weights and dimensions of vehicles, shall not apply to—(a) any motor vehicle brought temporarily into Hong Kong by a person resident in a place outside Hong Kong or in Hong Kong intending to make only a temporary stay in Hong Kong, for a period not exceeding 1 year from the date of the arrival of the vehicle in Hong Kong while the said vehicle is being used by such person during his stay, if such vehicle complies in every respect with the requirements of paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 of Article 22 of the 1949 Convention; (L.N. 258 of 1984; L.N. 48 of 2007)(b) unlicensed vehicles used on roads only pursuant to a movement permit issued under regulation 53 of the Road Traffic (Registration and Licensing of Vehicles) Regulations (Cap. 374 sub. leg. E) for the purpose of proceeding from one site to another. 4. Power of Commissioner to exempt The Commissioner may exempt any vehicle or class of vehicle from the provisions of these regulations or of any part thereof if he considers that it would be in the public interest to do so. Part II General (Format changes—E.R. 2 of 2012) 5. Construction and maintenance (1) Every vehicle including all bodywork and fittings must be— (L.N. 178 of 2024)(a) soundly and properly constructed of suitable materials;(b) in good and serviceable condition; and(c) of such design and method of construction as to be capable of withstanding the loads and stresses likely to be encountered in operation.(2) The side door latches and hinges of all vehicles shall be of adequate strength.(3) Subject to paragraph (5), no part of a motor vehicle, other than the wheels or tracks of such vehicle, and, in the case of a goods vehicle carrying inflammable goods, the earthing chain of such vehicle, shall touch the road.(4) Every windscreen wiper and every direction indicator required by these regulations to be fitted to a motor vehicle, and every part of every braking system and of the means of operation thereof fitted to a motor vehicle or trailer, and all steering gear fitted to a motor vehicle, shall at all times while the motor vehicle or trailer is used on a road be maintained in good and efficient working order and be properly adjusted.(5) Paragraph (3) shall not apply to engineering plant, an industrial tractor, land locomotive and land tractor. 6. Maximum dimensions of vehicles (1) Subject to paragraph (2), the dimensions of a vehicle of a class listed in column 1 of the First Schedule shall not exceed the overall dimensions specified in relation to that vehicle in columns 2, 3 and 4 of that Schedule.(2) The Commissioner may by permit in writing, subject to such terms and conditions as may be specified in the permit, authorize the use of a vehicle exceeding the dimensions specified in the First Schedule. 7. Maximum weight of vehicles (1) The gross vehicle weight of a vehicle of a class listed in column 1 of Part I of the Second Schedule, other than a vehicle to which Part II, III or IV of that Schedule applies, shall not exceed the maximum gross vehicle weight specified in relation to that vehicle in column 2 of that Part.(2) The gross vehicle weight of a rigid vehicle of a class listed in column 1 of Part II of the Second Schedule shall not exceed the maximum gross vehicle weight specified in column 3 of that Part in relation to the wheel span measurement specified in column 2 of that Part.(3) (a) In the case of an articulated vehicle of a class listed in column 1 of Part III of the Second Schedule, the gross vehicle weight shall not exceed the maximum gross vehicle weight specified in column 3 of that Part in relation to the wheel span measurement specified in column 2 of that Part.(b) In the case of a 2 axled semi-trailer, the gross axle weight shall not exceed the maximum gross axle weight for 2 closely spaced axles specified in column 3 of Part III of the Second Schedule in relation to the distance between those axles specified in column 2 of that Part.(c) In the case of 3 axled semi-trailer, the gross axle weight shall not exceed the maximum gross axle weight for 3 closely spaced axles specified in column 3 of Part III of the Second Schedule in relation to the distance between the outer axles of those axles specified in column 2 of that Part. (L.N. 242 of 1985)(4) The gross combined weight of a combination of articulated vehicles of the type listed in column 1 of Part IV of the Second Schedule shall not exceed the maximum gross combined weight specified in column 3 of that Part in relation to the inner axle spacing specified in column 2 of that Part.(5) Where 2 closely spaced axles of a vehicle are spaced at such distance apart as is specified in column 1 of Part V of the Second Schedule, the gross axle weight of each axle shall not exceed the maximum axle weight for any one axle specified in column 2 of that Part in relation to the distance between those axles.(6) Where the outer axles of 3 closely spaced axles of a vehicle are spaced at such distance apart as is specified in column 1 of Part VI of the Second Schedule, the gross axle weight of each axle shall not exceed the maximum axle weight for any one axle specified in column 2 of that Part in relation to the distance between those outer axles.(7) Subject to this regulation, the permitted gross vehicle weight of a goods vehicle or special purpose vehicle shall be that assigned or deemed to have been assigned to the vehicle under the Road Traffic (Registration and Licensing of Vehicles) Regulations (Cap. 374 sub. leg. E). (L.N. 242 of 1985)(7A) The permitted gross vehicle weight of any vehicle, other than a goods vehicle or special purpose vehicle, shall be its maximum gross vehicle weight or maximum gross combined weight, as the case may be, determined under this regulation. (L.N. 242 of 1985)(8) The Commissioner may by permit in writing, subject to such terms and conditions as may be specified in the permit, authorize the use of a vehicle exceeding its maximum gross vehicle weight or maximum gross combined weight, as the case may be, specified in relation to that class or type of vehicle in column 3 of Part II, III or IV of the Second Schedule.(L.N. 242 of 1985; E.R. 2 of 2012) 8. Overhang (1) Subject to paragraphs (2), (3) and (4), the overhang of a motor vehicle shall not exceed 60 per cent of the distance between the plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle which passes through the centre or centres of the front wheel or wheels and the foremost vertical plane from which the overhang is to be measured.(2) In the case of a vehicle designed for use and mainly used for the purpose of heating a road or other like surface in the process of construction, repair or maintenance, no part of the heating plant shall be taken into account when calculating the overhang under paragraph (1).(3) Notwithstanding paragraph (1), where a vehicle is to be used on a road and the Commissioner considers that the percentage of overhang permitted by that paragraph could create a hazard to traffic he may specify such lesser percentage of overhang as he considers appropriate, and the overhang of that vehicle shall not exceed such lesser specified percentage.(4) This regulation shall not apply to—(a) a vehicle designed for use and used solely in connexion with street cleansing, the collection or disposal of refuse or the collection or disposal of the contents of gullies or cesspools; and(b) a goods vehicle so designed that it can dispose of its load by tipping to the rear provided the overhang does not exceed 1.2 metres. 9. Motive power (1) Subject to paragraph (2), every motor vehicle intended for use or used on a road shall be propelled by—(a) a positive-ignition engine;(b) a compression-ignition engine; or(c) an electric motor.(2) Notwithstanding paragraph (1), the Commissioner may approve in writing a motor vehicle powered by other means for use on a road if he considers the vehicle suitable for use on roads in Hong Kong.(3) Before granting approval in respect of a vehicle under paragraph (2) the Commissioner may require—(a) production of such plans and information; and(b) such test and inspection,as he considers necessary. 10. Power to weight ratio (1) Subject to paragraph (2), every motor vehicle first registered after the coming into operation* of this regulation which is propelled by a compression-ignition engine shall be so constructed that the power that the engine produces is at least 4.4 kilowatts for every 1 000 kilograms of the permitted gross vehicle weight of the vehicle.(2) Every motor vehicle to which paragraph (1) applies shall, where it is fitted with ancillary equipment designed for use or likely to be used when the vehicle is in motion on a road at a speed in excess of 8 kilometres per hour and the power absorbed by that equipment is provided by the engine propelling the vehicle, be so constructed that, when the ancillary equipment is being used, the power of the engine remaining available to drive the vehicle is at least 4.4 kilowatts for every 1 000 kilograms of the permitted gross vehicle weight of the vehicle.(3) For the purposes of this regulation, ancillary equipment (輔助裝備) means machinery or apparatus forming part of a vehicle or mounted thereon, used for purposes not connected with the driving of the vehicle. Editorial Note: * Operation date: 25 August 1984. 11. Body The body of a vehicle shall be securely affixed to the chassis and every trap door in the floor of the vehicle shall be strong and so fitted or fastened that it cannot become dislodged by vibration, with any lifting device properly sunk. 12. Turning circle (1) Every vehicle shall be so constructed as to be capable of turning in either direction within a circle which has a diameter not exceeding—(a) 24.5 metres, in the case of a vehicle with an overall length of not more than 10 metres; and(b) 26 metres, in the case of a vehicle with an overall length of more than 10 metres.(2) For the purpose of this regulation, the diameter of the turning circle of a vehicle shall be determined by reference to the circle traced by the extreme projecting points included in the overall length and overall width of the vehicle. 13. Variation of wheel load (1) Subject to paragraph (2), every motor vehicle, trailer having more than 4 wheels and trailer having more than 2 wheels being part of an articulated vehicle shall be provided with such compensating arrangement as will ensure that all the wheels will remain in contact with the road surface and under the most adverse conditions will not be subject to abnormal variations of load.(2) Paragraph (1) shall not apply—(a) to any steerable wheel of a motor vehicle if the load on such wheel does not exceed 3.5 tonnes; and(b) with respect to any properly constructed retractable axle while in the retracted position. 14. Axle loading (1) Subject to paragraphs (2) and (3), the weight transmitted to the road surface by any one wheel of a vehicle where no other wheel is in the same line transversely shall not exceed 4.5 tonnes and the total weight so transmitted by any 2 wheels of a vehicle in line transversely shall not exceed 9 tonnes.(2) The total weight transmitted to the road surface by any 2 wheels of a vehicle in line transversely shall not exceed 10 tonnes if each such wheel is fitted with 2 pneumatic tyres having the centre of their areas of contact with the road surface not less than 300 millimetres apart measured at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle or with a wide tyre.(3) In the case of a vehicle having more than 2 wheels in line transversely, the total weight transmitted to the road surface by those wheels shall not exceed 11 tonnes. 15. Suspension (1) Subject to paragraphs (5) and (6), every motor vehicle and trailer towed thereby shall be equipped with a suitable and sufficient system of suspension between each wheel and the frame of the vehicle.(2) The system of suspension of any vehicle with 3 or more wheels shall be so designed and constructed that there is no excessive body sway.(3) The system of suspension including any damper units therein shall be maintained in an efficient condition.(4) For the purposes of this regulation a tyre shall not be regarded as forming part of the suspension system.(5) Notwithstanding paragraph (1), the Commissioner may, having regard to the design and use of the vehicle, exempt any special purpose vehicle from the provisions of this regulation.(6) This regulation shall not apply to—(a) a motor cycle;(b) a mobile crane;(c) a road roller;(d) a vehicle designed for use in works or on private premises and used on a road only in passing from one part of the works or premises to another or to works or premises in the immediate neighbourhood; and(e) a motor tractor not exceeding 4 tonnes permitted gross vehicle weight if all unsprung wheels of such tractor are equipped with pneumatic tyres. 16. Brakes (1) Subject to paragraph (8), every motor vehicle shall be equipped with either an efficient braking system having 2 means of operation or 2 efficient braking systems each having a separate means of operation.(2) For the purpose of paragraph (1), no account shall be taken of a multi-pull means of operation, unless that means, at the first application, operates an hydraulic, electric or pneumatic device which causes brakes to be applied sufficient to have a total braking efficiency of not less than the total braking efficiency required by regulation 19(1)(b) in relation to brakes as applied by a second independent means of operation.(3) Subject to paragraph (8), all braking systems of every motor vehicle shall be so designed and constructed that notwithstanding the failure of any part (other than a fixed member or a brake shoe anchor pin) through or by means of which the force necessary to apply the brakes is transmitted there shall still be available for application by the driver brakes sufficient under the most adverse conditions to bring the vehicle to rest within a reasonable distance.(4) Subject to paragraph (9), one at least of the means of operation required by this regulation shall be capable of causing brakes to be applied directly to all the wheels of the vehicle and the other means of operation shall be capable of causing brakes to be applied directly, and not through the transmission, to—(a) at least one wheel of a vehicle with not more than 3 wheels;

and(b) at least half the number of wheels of a vehicle with more than 3 wheels, and for the purpose of this paragraph a shaft leading from any differential driving gear of an axle to a driving wheel shall be deemed not to form part of the transmission.(5) The application of one of the means of operation required under this regulation shall not affect or operate the pedal or hand lever of the other means of operation.(6) No braking system shall be rendered ineffective by the non-rotation of the engine.(7) For the purpose of this regulation every moving shaft to which any part of a braking system or any means of operation thereof is connected or by which it is supported shall be deemed to be part of that system.(8) Paragraphs (1) and (3) shall not apply to a motor vehicle equipped with one efficient braking system with one means of operation if the system is a split braking system.(9) Paragraph (4) shall not apply to engineering plant, an industrial tractor, land locomotive, land tractor, motor cycle, motor tricycle, invalid carriage, pedestrian controlled vehicle and straddle carrier. 17. Parking brake (1) Subject to paragraph (2), every motor vehicle shall be equipped with a braking system, which may be one of the braking systems prescribed in regulation 16, so designed and constructed that—(a) its means of operation, whether being a multi-pull means of operation or not, is independent of the means of operation of any braking system required by regulation 19(1)(a) to have a total braking efficiency of not less than 50 per cent;(b) its braking force, when the vehicle is not being driven or is left unattended—(i) can at all times be maintained in operation by direct mechanical action without the intervention of any hydraulic, electric or pneumatic device; and(ii) when so maintained in operation by direct mechanical action, is capable of holding the vehicle stationary on a gradient of at least 1 in 6.25 without the assistance of stored energy.(2) Paragraph (1) shall not apply to a motor cycle and invalid carriage. 18. Vacuum or pressure braking systems (1) Subject to paragraph (2) and except in the case of a motor vehicle to which paragraph (3) applies, every motor vehicle which is equipped with a braking system which embodies a vacuum or pressure reservoir or reservoirs shall be provided with a warning device so placed as to be readily visible or audible to the driver of the vehicle when in the driving seat in order to indicate any impending failure or deficiency in the vacuum or pressure system.(2) In the case of a vehicle the permitted gross vehicle weight of which does not exceed 5.5 tonnes which is propelled by an internal combustion engine and is equipped with a braking system embodying a vacuum reservoir or reservoirs, the vacuum therein being derived directly from the induction system of the engine, it shall not be necessary to provide a warning device in accordance with paragraph (1) if, in the event of a failure or deficiency in the vacuum system, the brakes of that braking system are sufficient to provide a braking efficiency of 50 per cent.(3) A motor vehicle which is equipped with a braking system which uses compressed air only as its means of operation shall be fitted with a suitable air pressure gauge or gauges and a suitable audible warning device to indicate low air pressure. (L.N. 203 of 1990)(4) Where a motor vehicle to which paragraph (3) applies was manufactured on or before 1 January 1990 or was first registered on or before 1 July 1990, it shall be sufficient compliance with paragraph (3) if it is fitted with a suitable air pressure gauge or gauges. (L.N. 203 of 1990) 18A. Hydraulic braking systems (1) A motor vehicle which is manufactured on or after 1 January 1990 and first registered on or after 1 July 1990 and which is equipped with a hydraulic braking system shall be provided with a warning device so placed as to be readily visible or audible to the driver of the vehicle when in the driving seat in order to indicate any impending failure in the hydraulic braking system due to fluid loss.(2) The warning device referred to in paragraph (1) shall be so designed and constructed that—(a) for a motor vehicle equipped with a split braking system, it will detect the differential in fluid pressure, or a drop in fluid level; and(b) for a motor vehicle equipped with a non-split braking system, it will detect a loss in the applied fluid pressure, or a drop in fluid level.(3) The Commissioner may, if he thinks fit, approve in writing the fitting in a hydraulic braking system of a warning device of a design and construction other than that described in paragraph (2) as sufficient compliance with paragraph (1).(L.N. 203 of 1990) 19. Braking efficiency (1) Subject to paragraph (2), every braking system of every motor vehicle shall—(a) have brakes acting on all the wheels of the vehicle which as applied by one means of operation have a total braking efficiency of not less than 50 per cent;(b) subject to subparagraph (c), have brakes which as applied by a second independent means of operation have a total braking efficiency of not less than 25 per cent; and(c) in the case of a motor vehicle equipped with a split braking system to which regulation 16(8) applies, have brakes which in the event of a failure of any part (other than a fixed member or a brake shoe anchor pin) of one of the independent sections comprised in the split braking system are such that there remain brakes applied by the other section sufficient to have a total braking efficiency of not less than 25 per cent.(2) This regulation shall not apply to engineering plant, an industrial tractor, land locomotive, land tractor, motor cycle, motor tricycle, invalid carriage, pedestrian controlled vehicle and straddle carrier. 20. Wheels and tracks (1) Every motor vehicle and every trailer shall be so constructed that the entire weight of the vehicle and of any trailer attached thereto is transmitted to the road surface by wheels or by tracks, or by a combination of wheels and tracks.(2) In the case of a track laying vehicle—(a) the parts of the track which come into contact with the road surface shall be flat and have a minimum width of 15 millimetres; and(b) the total area of each track actually in contact with the road surface at any one time shall not be less than 230 square centimetres in respect of each tonne of the gross vehicle weight of the vehicle.(3) Subject to paragraphs (6) and (7), every wheel of a motor vehicle, other than a road roller, and every wheel on a trailer when the trailer is being towed on a road, other than a trailer used solely on road repair work, shall be equipped with pneumatic tyres of suitable size and design.(4) Subject to paragraph (8), all wheels of a motor vehicle or trailer which are equipped with tyres, other than pneumatic tyres, shall have a rim diameter of not less than 700 millimetres.(5) Every wheel of a vehicle shall be truly circular, accurately centred on its axle and fitted to work thereon without oscillation or side play.(6) The Commissioner by permit in writing, subject to such terms and conditions and for such period as appears to him fit, may authorize the use of a motor vehicle which does not comply with paragraph (3).(7) Paragraph (3) shall not apply to—(a) a motor tractor; and(b) a motor vehicle designed for use in works or on private premises and used on a road only in passing from one part of the works or premises to another or to works or premises in the immediate neighbourhood, if such vehicle is equipped with tyres on every wheel of soft or elastic material of a design and type approved by the Commissioner.(8) Paragraph (4) shall not apply to—(a) any motor vehicle or trailer not exceeding 1.5 tonnes unladen weight designed for use in works or on private premises and used on a road only in passing from one part of the works or premises to another or to works or premises in the immediate neighbourhood; and(b) any mobile crane. 21. Tyre of soft or elastic material A tyre shall not be deemed to be of soft or elastic material unless the said material is either—(a) continuous round the circumference of the wheel; or(b) fitted in sections so that so far as reasonably practicable no space is left between the ends thereof,and is of such thickness and design as to minimize, so far as reasonably possible, vibration when the vehicle is in motion, and so constructed as to be free from any defect which might in any way cause damage to the surface of a road. 22. Tyres (1) Subject to paragraphs (2) and (7), no wheel of a motor vehicle or trailer shall be fitted with a pneumatic tyre that—(a) is unsuitable having regard to the use to which the motor vehicle or trailer is being put or to the types of tyres fitted to its other wheels;(b) is not so inflated as to make it fit for the use to which the motor vehicle or trailer is being put;(c) has a break in its fabric, or has a cut in excess of 25 millimetres in length or 10 per cent of the section width of the tyre, whichever is the greater, measured in any direction on the outside of the tyre and deep enough to reach the body cords;(d) has any lump or bulge caused by separation or partial failure of its structure;(e) has any portion of the ply or cord structure exposed; or(f) does not—(i) in the case of a motor cycle the cylinder capacity of the engine of which does not exceed 50 cubic centimetres, show throughout at least 3/4 of the breadth of the tread and round the entire outer circumference of the tyre a pattern the relief of which is clearly visible; and(ii) in the case of any other motor vehicle or any trailer, have a tread pattern (excluding any tie-bar) with a depth of at least 1 millimetre throughout at least 3/4 of the breadth of the tread and round the entire outer circumference of the tyre:Provided that this subparagraph shall not apply in the case of a motor cycle with sidecar attached having 3 wheels in all, the weight of which does not exceed 100 kilograms and which is incapable of exceeding a speed of 20 kilometres per hour on the level under its own power.(2) Paragraph (1) shall not prohibit the use on a road of a motor vehicle of trailer by reason only of the fact that a wheel of the vehicle or trailer is fitted with a tyre which is not fully inflated if the tyre and the wheel to which it is fitted are so constructed as to make the tyre in that condition fit for the use to which the motor vehicle or trailer is being put and the outer sides of the wall of the tyre are so marked as to enable the tyre to be identified as having been so constructed.(3) No motor vehicle or trailer shall be fitted with a recut pneumatic tyre the fabric of which has been cut or exposed by the recutting process.(4) Without prejudice to paragraphs (1) and (3), all the tyres of a motor vehicle or trailer shall at all times while the vehicle or trailer is used on a road be maintained in such condition as to be fit for the use to which the vehicle or trailer is being put and as to be free from any defect which might in any way cause damage to the surface of the road or danger to persons on or in the vehicle or to other persons using the road.(5) Pneumatic tyres of different types of structure shall not be fitted to the same axle of a vehicle.(6) A motor vehicle or trailer shall not be fitted with—(a) a diagonal-ply tyre or a bias-belted tyre on the rear axle and a radial-ply tyre on the front axle; or(b) a diagonal-ply tyre on the rear axle and a bias-belted tyre on the front axle.(7) Paragraph (1) shall not apply to a land tractor, or land implement, or to an agricultural trailer when the trailer is being towed by a land tractor and nothing in paragraph (1) or (3) shall apply to a broken down vehicle or to a vehicle proceeding to a place where it is to be broken up, in either case being towed by a motor vehicle at a speed not exceeding 20 kilometres per hour.(8) For the purposes of this regulation—bias-belted tyre (交叉簾布緩衝層輪胎) means a pneumatic tyre, the structure of which is such that the ply cords extend to the bead so as to be laid at alternate angles of substantially less than 90 degrees to the peripheral line of the tread, and are constrained by a circumferential belt comprising two or more layers of substantially inextensible cord material laid at alternate angles smaller than those of the ply cord structure;diagonal-ply tyre (斜紋簾布層輪胎) means a pneumatic tyre, other than a bias-belted tyre, the structure of which is such that the ply cords extend to the bead so as to be laid at alternate angles of substantially less than 90 degrees to the peripheral line of the tread;radial-ply tyre (徑向簾布層輪胎) means a pneumatic tyre, the structure of which is such that the ply cords extend to the bead so as to be laid at an angle of substantially 90 degrees to the peripheral line of the tread, the ply cord structure being stabilized by a substantially inextensible circumferential belt;type of structure (結構類型), in relation to a tyre, means a type of structure of a tyre of a kind as defined in this paragraph. 23. Steering The steering mechanism of a vehicle shall be so constructed or arranged that no overlock shall be possible and that the wheels shall not in any circumstances foul any part of the vehicle. 24. Speedometer (1) Every motor vehicle, other than a motor vehicle which it is at all times unlawful to drive at a speed exceeding 20 kilometres per hour and an invalid carriage, shall be fitted with an approved speedometer.(2) An approved speedometer which is fitted as required by paragraph (1) shall be—(a) maintained in good working order; and(b) kept free from any obstruction which might prevent it from being easily read by the driver.(3) For the purposes of this regulation, approved speedometer (認可速度錶) means—(a) in the case of a motor vehicle which is registered before 1 May 2008, a speedometer which conforms with the installation and performance requirements for speedometers set out in Part 1 or 2 of Schedule 16;(b) in the case of a new motor vehicle which is registered on or after 1 May 2008, a speedometer which—(i) conforms with the installation and performance requirements for speedometers set out in Part 2 of Schedule 16;(ii) has been examined to the satisfaction of the Commissioner; and(iii) either—(A) bears an approval mark recognized or assigned by the Commissioner; or(B) is fitted to a vehicle bearing an approval mark recognized or assigned by the Commissioner in respect of the speedometer.(4) No alteration in respect of design, accuracy or position shall be made to an approved speedometer fitted as required by paragraph (1), except as permitted in writing by the Commissioner.(5) For the purposes of paragraph (3)(b)(ii), the Commissioner shall signify his satisfaction in writing.(6) It shall be a defence in any proceedings in respect of a contravention of paragraph (2)(a) to prove that—(a) the defect occurred in the course of the journey during which the contravention was detected; or(b) at the time when the contravention was detected steps had already been taken to have the defect remedied with all reasonable expedition.(L.N. 151 of 2007) 24A. Speed display device (1) Every public light bus shall be fitted with an approved speed display device.(2) An approved speed display device which is fitted as required by paragraph (1) shall be—(a) maintained in good working order; and(b) kept free from any obstruction which might prevent it from being easily read by any passenger.(3) For the purposes of this regulation, approved speed display device (認可速度顯示器) means a speed display device which—(a) conforms with the installation and performance requirements for speed display devices set out in Part 3 of Schedule 16;(b) has been examined to the satisfaction of the Commissioner; and(c) either—(i) bears an approval mark recognized or assigned by the Commissioner; or(ii) is fitted to a vehicle bearing an approval mark recognized or assigned by the Commissioner in respect of the speed display device.(4) No alteration in respect of design, accuracy or position shall be made to an approved speed display device fitted as required by paragraph (1), except as permitted in writing by the Commissioner.(5) For the purposes of paragraph (3)(b), the Commissioner shall signify his satisfaction in writing.(6) It shall be a defence in any proceedings in respect of a contravention of paragraph (2)(a) to prove that—(a) the defect occurred in the course of the journey during which the contravention was detected; or(b) at the time when the contravention was detected steps had already been taken to have the defect remedied with all reasonable expedition.(L.N. 151 of 2007) 24B. Speed limiter (1) Every public light bus must be fitted with an approved speed limiter that has been installed by an authorized speed limiter installer.(2) A speed limiter is an approved speed limiter if it—(a) conforms with the requirements set out in Schedule 17;(b) has been examined to the satisfaction of the Commissioner; and(c) bears an approval mark recognized or assigned by the Commissioner.(3) For the purposes of paragraph (2)(b), the satisfaction of the Commissioner is to be signified in writing.(4) A fitted speed limiter must be—(a) calibrated so that—(i) a setting corresponding to the set speed is stored in it; and(ii) the maximum stabilized speed of the motor vehicle to which it is fitted will not exceed the set speed;(b) sealed by the Commissioner or a person authorized by the Commissioner in writing; and(c) maintained in good and efficient working order.(5) The set speed with which a fitted speed limiter is calibrated must be identical to the set speed determined by the Commissioner for the motor vehicle to which the speed limiter is fitted.(6) The set speed determined under paragraph (5) must not exceed the speed limit stipulated under section 40(5A) of the Ordinance.(7) The seal referred to in paragraph (4)(b) must remain intact.(8) No alteration in respect of the design or accuracy may be made to a fitted speed limiter, except as permitted in writing by the Commissioner.(9) A plate marked legibly and correctly with the information specified in paragraph (10) must be affixed on a fitted speed limiter or on a place adjacent to the speed limiter.(10) The information referred to in paragraph (9) is the following information of the speed limiter—(a) the type approval number assigned by the Commissioner;(b) the name of the installer;(c) the set speed;(d) the date of installation;(e) the make and model.(11) For every public light bus with a fitted speed limiter, a sign which complies with paragraph (12) must be displayed in a conspicuous position in the passengers’ compartment.(12) A sign displayed as required by paragraph (11) must—(a) contain only the words “THE MAXIMUM SPEED OF THIS VEHICLE IS LIMITED TO x KM/H” and the characters “本車最高時速限於 x 公里” where—(i) “x” is the set speed with which the fitted speed limiter has been calibrated, expressed in Arabic numerals; and(ii) the characters and words must be at least 50 mm high and legible at all times when the vehicle is in service; and(b) be kept free from any obstruction which might prevent it from being easily read by any passenger.(13) It is a defence in any proceedings in respect of a contravention of paragraph (4)(b) or (7) to prove that at the time when the contravention was detected steps had already been taken to have the fitted speed limiter sealed, or resealed, with all reasonable expedition.(14) It is a defence in any proceedings in respect of a contravention of paragraph (4)(c) to prove that—(a) the defect occurred in the course of the journey during which the contravention was detected; or(b) at the time when the contravention was detected steps had already been taken to have the defect remedied with all reasonable expedition.(15) For a speed limiter which has been fitted to a public light bus before the relevant date—(a) if the Commissioner has done any act referred to in this regulation in respect of the speed limiter before the relevant date, the act is deemed to be done under this regulation;(b) if it was installed by a person who at the time of installation was a person recognized by the Commissioner for the purposes of installing speed limiters, the speed limiter is deemed to have been installed by an authorized speed limiter installer; and(c) without limiting subparagraph (a), if a set speed has been determined by the Commissioner as the set speed for the public light bus before the relevant date, that speed is deemed to be a set speed determined under paragraph (5).(16) In this regulation—authorized speed limiter installer (獲授權車速限制器安裝人) means a person authorized under regulation 120AA(2) to install approved speed limiters;relevant date (有關日期) means the date on which section 12 of the Road Traffic (Amendment) Ordinance 2012 (6 of 2012) comes into operation*.(6 of 2012 s. 12) Editorial Note: * Operation date: 13 April 2012. 24C. Electronic data recording device (1) This regulation applies to a public light bus which is of a description specified in Schedule 18.(2) Every public light bus to which this regulation applies must be fitted with an approved EDRD that has been installed by an authorized EDRD installer.(3) An electronic data recording device is an approved EDRD if it—(a) conforms with the requirements set out in Schedule 19;(b) has been examined to the satisfaction of the Commissioner; and(c) bears an approval mark recognized or assigned by the Commissioner.(4) For the purposes of paragraph (3)(b), the satisfaction of the Commissioner is to be signified in writing.(5) A fitted EDRD must be—(a) calibrated so that—(i) an over-speed threshold is stored in it; and(ii) all running data will be accurately recorded and stored;(b) sealed by the Commissioner or a person authorized by the Commissioner in writing; and(c) maintained in good working order.(6) The over-speed threshold stored in a fitted EDRD for a motor vehicle must be identical to the set speed of the fitted speed limiter of that vehicle.(7) The seal referred to in paragraph (5)(b) must remain intact.(8) No alteration in respect of the design or accuracy may be made to a fitted EDRD, except as permitted in writing by the Commissioner.(9) A plate marked legibly and correctly with the information specified in paragraph (10) must be affixed on a fitted EDRD or on a place adjacent to the EDRD.(10) The information referred to in paragraph (9) is the following information of the fitted EDRD—(a) the type approval number assigned by the Commissioner;(b) the name of the installer;(c) the over-speed threshold stored;(d) the date of installation;(e) the make and model.(11) It is a defence in any proceedings in respect of a contravention of paragraph (5)(b) or (7) to prove that at the time when the contravention was detected steps had already been taken to have the fitted EDRD sealed, or resealed, with all reasonable expedition.(12) It is a defence in any proceedings in respect of a contravention of paragraph (5)(c) to prove that—(a) the defect occurred in the course of the journey during which the contravention was detected; or(b) at the time when the contravention was detected steps had already been taken to have the defect remedied with all reasonable expedition.(13) In this regulation—authorized EDRD installer (獲授權電子數據記錄儀安裝人) means a person authorized under regulation 120AA(2) to install approved EDRDs.(6 of 2012 s. 12) 25. Ability to reverse Every motor vehicle, other than a motor cycle, motor tricycle or invalid carriage, shall be capable of being driven both forwards and backwards. 26. Driver’s accommodation (1) Every motor vehicle, other than a bus or light bus, shall be so designed and constructed that the driver—(a) has adequate room and can easily reach and quickly operate the controls;(b) while controlling the vehicle can at all times have a full view of the road and traffic ahead of the vehicle.(2) The driver’s seat of every motor vehicle, other than a bus or light bus, shall be secured to the body of the vehicle and shall measure at least 380 millimetres from the backrest to the front edge of the seat and 380 millimetres along the back, except that where the vehicle is fitted with a continuous seat for a passenger or passengers beside the driver the space available for passengers under regulation 27 shall be measured from a point 380 millimetres from that part of the seat nearest to the centre of the steering wheel.(3) The driver’s seat of every motor vehicle, other than a bus or light bus, shall be capable of being adjusted in relation to the steering wheel of the vehicle so that it can be moved from 350 millimetres to at least 450 millimetres from the steering wheel measured from the nearest point on the periphery of the steering wheel to the nearest part of the back of the driver’s seat.(4) Subject to paragraph (5), the driver’s seat of every vehicle shall be so placed as to permit the driver to give by hand the usual traffic signals on the right or off side of the vehicle.(5) The Commissioner may by permit in writing, subject to such terms and conditions and for such period as appears to him fit, authorize the use of a motor vehicle which does not comply with paragraph (4). 27. Passenger seating capacity (1) No vehicle shall be provided with seating capacity for passengers in excess of the seating capacity for that class of vehicle specified in the Third Schedule.(2) The seating capacity for passengers in a bus or special purpose vehicle shall be the seating capacity specified in the registration document issued in respect of that vehicle, and no bus or special purpose vehicle shall be provided with seating capacity in excess of the seating capacity so specified.(3) No seating capacity for passengers shall be provided in an invalid carriage, trailer, tricycle or pedestrian-controlled vehicle.(4) Subject to regulation 26, every seat in a vehicle shall be secured to the body of the vehicle and shall, except in the case of a bus or light bus, measure at least 380 millimetres from the backrest to the front edge of the seat and 380 millimetres along the back.(5) In calculating the seating capacity of a vehicle for the purposes of this regulation—(a) only those seats that are provided in accordance with paragraph (4) or regulation 73, as the case may be, shall be taken into account; and(b) no account shall be taken of any space on a seat which is less than 380 millimetres. 28. Safety glass or safety glazing (1) The glass or transparent material used in all windscreens, windows and partitions of a motor vehicle shall be safety glass or safety glazing—(a) of a type approved by the Commissioner;(b) of such transparency that it does not obscure the view of the interior of the motor vehicle; and(c) where practicable, clearly identifiable as safety glass or safety glazing by a permanent mark inscribed thereon.(2) No alteration or addition shall be made to any windscreen, window or partition referred to in paragraph (1) whereby the reflecting effect of the safety glass or safety glazing is increased, or whereby the ability of such safety glass or safety glazing to transmit light is decreased. (L.N. 203 of 1990)(3) The Commissioner shall by notice in the Gazette specify the type of safety glass or safety glazing approved by him for the purposes of paragraph (1)(a). 29. Windscreen wipers and washers (1) In the case of a vehicle which is fitted with a windscreen, other than a motor cycle, invalid carriage or trailer, the vehicle shall be fitted with one or more efficient automatic windscreen wipers, unless the driver can obtain an adequate view to the front of the vehicle without looking through the windscreen.(2) The windscreen wipers required by paragraph (1) shall be capable of clearing the windscreen so that the driver has an adequate view of the road in front of the near and off sides of the vehicle in addition to an adequate view to the front of the vehicle.(3) Subject to paragraph (4), every motor vehicle which is required by paragraph (1) to be fitted with one or more efficient automatic windscreen wipers shall be fitted with a windscreen washer capable of clearing, in conjunction with those windscreen wipers, the area of the windscreen swept by those windscreen wipers of mud or other similar deposit.(4) Paragraph (3) shall not apply to—(a) a land tractor; or(b) any vehicle which is incapable by reason of its construction of exceeding a speed of 35 kilometres per hour on the level under its own power. 30. Silencers (1) Every vehicle propelled by an internal combustion engine shall be fitted with a silencer, expansion chamber or other contrivance suitable and sufficient for reducing, as far as may be reasonable, the noise caused by the escape of the exhaust gases from the engine.(2) Every vehicle propelled by an internal combustion engine and used on any road shall be so constructed and maintained that the exhaust gases from the engine shall not escape into the atmosphere without first passing through the silencer, expansion chamber or other contrivance required to be fitted under paragraph (1).(3) Every such silencer, expansion chamber or other contrivance shall at all times while the vehicle is used on a road be maintained in good and efficient working order, and shall not have been altered or replaced in such a way that the noise caused by the escape of the exhaust gases is made greater by the alteration or replacement. 31. Smoke, etc. (1) Every motor vehicle shall be so constructed and maintained that—(a) no excessive smoke or visible vapour is emitted therefrom;(b) so far as is reasonably practicable, the products of combustion, ashes, steam, cinders, petrol, water or oil are not discharged on the road or in such manner as to be likely to cause damage to property or injury or danger or loss of amenity or annoyance to persons.(2) For the purposes of paragraph (1)(a), smoke or visible vapour shall be deemed to be excessive if the smoke or visible vapour emitted from the vehicle measured by means of any one of the apparatuses specified by the Commissioner from time to time by notice published in the Gazette exceeds the maximum permitted smoke or visible vapour level specified in column 1 of Part I of the Fourth Schedule or the maximum permitted smoke or visible vapour level in absolute units of light absorption specified in column 2 of that Part. (L.N. 14 of 1999; L.N. 160 of 2000)(2A) For the avoidance of doubt, a notice under paragraph (2) is not subsidiary legislation. (L.N. 14 of 1999)(3) Every motor vehicle using solid fuel shall be fitted with an efficient appliance for the purpose of preventing the emission of sparks or grit.(4) It shall be a good defence in any proceedings in respect of a contravention of this regulation to prove that the emission or discharge was due to some temporary or accidental cause which could not be prevented by the exercise of reasonable care. 31A. Exhaust emission (1) Without limiting regulation 31, this regulation applies to every motor vehicle (other than a motor cycle or a motor tricycle) that is—(a) manufactured on or after 1 January 1975 and is equipped with a positive-ignition engine and uses unleaded petrol as fuel; or(b) equipped with a positive-ignition engine and uses liquefied petroleum gas as fuel.(2) A motor vehicle to which this regulation applies shall be so constructed and maintained that its exhaust emission is not excessive.(3) For the purposes of paragraph (2), exhaust emission is excessive, in the case of a motor vehicle that is equipped with a positive-ignition engine and uses unleaded petrol as fuel, if the exhaust emission, measured in accordance with the procedure specified in column 2 of Part II of the Fourth Schedule and which is applicable to that motor vehicle having regard to its date of manufacture, does not comply with the standard applicable to that motor vehicle specified in column 3 of that Part.(4) For the purposes of paragraph (2), exhaust emission is excessive, in the case of a motor vehicle that is equipped with a positive-ignition engine and uses liquefied petroleum gas as fuel, if the exhaust emission, measured in accordance with the procedure specified in column 1 of Part III of the Fourth Schedule, does not comply with the standard specified in column 2 of that Part.(5) For the purposes of paragraphs (3) and (4), exhaust emission shall be measured by means of any one of the apparatuses specified by the Commissioner from time to time by notice published in the Gazette.(6) For the avoidance of doubt, a notice under paragraph (5) is not subsidiary legislation.(7) It shall be a defence in any proceedings in respect of a contravention of this regulation to prove that the excessive exhaust emission was due to some temporary or accidental cause which could not be prevented by the exercise of reasonable care.(L.N. 160 of 2000) 32. (Repealed L.N. 134 of 1991) 33. (Repealed L.N. 134 of 1991) 34. (Repealed L.N. 134 of 1991) 35. Mudguards and mudflaps (1) Every motor vehicle, other than a bus, light bus, goods vehicle or special purpose vehicle, shall be equipped with mudguards or other similar fittings extending to cover the full width of each wheel and tyre and extending sufficiently around the circumference of each wheel and tyre to catch, so far as reasonably practicable, mud or water thrown up by the rotation of the wheels, unless adequate protection is afforded by the body of the vehicle.(2) Subject to paragraph (3), every bus, light bus, goods vehicle or special purpose vehicle shall be equipped with—(a) mudguards at all wheels; and(b) mudflaps behind the rearmost wheels, which shall be of specifications approved by the Commissioner as being reasonably necessary to ensure that, so far as is reasonably practicable, mud or water thrown up by the rotation of the wheels is caught.(3) Paragraph (2) shall not apply if the body of the bus, light bus, goods vehicle or special purpose vehicle affords adequate protection to catch, so far as is reasonably practicable, mud or water thrown up by the rotation of the wheels.(4) The Commissioner shall by notice in the Gazette publish the specifications of mudguards and mudflaps approved by him for the purpose of paragraph (2).(5) In this regulation, mudflap (擋泥翼) means a device that acts as a lower extension to a mudguard.(L.N. 113 of 1998) 36. Mascots and other attachments No mascot or other unnecessary attachment shall be carried by a motor vehicle in any position where it is likely to strike any person with whom the vehicle may collide unless the mascot or attachment is not liable to cause injury to such person by reason of any projection thereon. 37. Visual display units (1) Subject to paragraph (4), a person must not install or cause to be installed in or on a motor vehicle and a motor vehicle must not have installed in or on it a visual display unit other than a visual display unit that complies with the requirements specified in paragraph (2)— (L.N. 1 of 2000; L.N. 178 of 2024)(a) at any point forward of the driver’s seat;(b) so that the screen of the visual display unit is partly or wholly, and whether directly or in any reflection, visible to the driver whilst in the driving seat; or(c) so that the controls of the visual display unit, other than the sound volume control and the main switch, are within reach of the driver whilst in the driving seat.(2) For the purposes of paragraph (1), the requirements are that the visual display unit is designed in such a way that, when the parking brake of the vehicle is not applied, the visual display unit only displays any or all of the following information— (L.N. 178 of 2024)(a) information about the current state of the vehicle or its equipment;(b) the current closed-circuit view of any part of the vehicle or the area surrounding the vehicle;(c) information about the current location of the vehicle;(d) any other information which is only for the purpose of navigating the vehicle. (L.N. 1 of 2000)(3) A person must not make any alteration to such a visual display unit installed in or on a motor vehicle so as to enable it to display information other than any of the information mentioned in paragraph (2) when the parking brake of the vehicle is not applied. (L.N. 178 of 2024)(4) This regulation does not apply in relation to a visual display unit that is installed in such a way that it can be readily removed from the motor vehicle. (L.N. 178 of 2024)(L.N. 178 of 2024) 38. Warning instruments (1) Every motor vehicle shall be fitted with an instrument capable of giving audible and sufficient warning of its approach or presence.(1A) Every goods vehicle shall also be fitted with an automatic device capable of giving audible and sufficient warning when it is reversing and is about to reverse. (L.N. 1 of 2000)(1B) An instrument fitted for the purposes of paragraph (1) must be capable of emitting a continuous and uniform sound and must not emit any other sound. (L.N. 1 of 2000)(1C) An automatic device described in paragraph (1A)—(a) which is fitted in a goods vehicle for the purposes of that paragraph; or(b) if fitted in any other motor vehicle, must be capable of emitting an intermittent and uniform sound and must not emit any other sound. (L.N. 1 of 2000)(2) Notwithstanding paragraphs (1), (1A), (1B) and (1C), no motor vehicle shall be fitted with—(a) a gong or bell;(b) a siren;(c) a multi-toned horn giving a succession of different notes;(d) a two-tone horn;(e) a sound producing device giving an unduly harsh, shrill, loud or alarming noise; or(f) a sound producing device giving a sound which is likely to be confused with a sound emitted from a light signal prescribed by regulation 33 of the Road Traffic (Traffic Control) Regulations (Cap. 374 sub. leg. G) at a light signal crossing within the meaning of those Regulations in the operation of that light signal, (L.N. 1 of 2000) [cf. S.I. 1986/1078 r. 99(3)(b) U.K.] unless authorized by the Commissioner by permit in writing and any such permit shall be subject to such conditions as he may specify. (L.N. 1 of 2000)(E.R. 2 of 2012) 38A. Acoustic vehicle alerting systems (1) This regulation applies to a specified vehicle that—(a) is capable of being solely propelled by an electric motor; and(b) is manufactured on or after 1 January 2026.(2) The vehicle must be equipped with an acoustic vehicle alerting system—(a) that conforms with the performance requirements of any specification or standard set out in Schedule 20; and(b) the operation of which cannot be manually suspended or stopped.(3) The acoustic vehicle alerting system must be maintained in good and efficient working order.(4) It is a defence in any proceedings for a contravention of paragraph (3) to prove that—(a) the defect occurred in the course of the journey during which the contravention was detected; or(b) at the time when the contravention was detected, steps had already been taken to have the defect remedied with all reasonable expedition.(5) In this regulation— acoustic vehicle alerting system (車輛聲響警報系統) means a system, device or equipment that— (a) is designed to be fitted in a motor vehicle; and (b) emits sounds in order to alert other road users of the approach or presence of the vehicle; specified vehicle (指明車輛) means— (a) a private car; (b) a taxi; (c) a light bus; (d) a bus; (e) a goods vehicle; or (f) a special purpose vehicle that is adapted from any motor vehicle mentioned in paragraph (a), (b), (c), (d) or (e). (L.N. 178 of 2024) 39. Mirrors for observing traffic to rear and on both sides rearwards—for vehicles other than those referred to in regulations 39AA, 39AAC and 39AAD (1) This regulation applies to—(a) any of the following motor vehicles that is manufactured before 1 January 2028—(i) a private car;(ii) a taxi;(iii) a light bus;(iv) a van-type light goods vehicle;(b) any of the following motor vehicles that is first registered before 1 January 2028—(i) a bus;(ii) a light goods vehicle (other than a van-type light goods vehicle);(iii) a medium goods vehicle;(iv) a heavy goods vehicle;(c) a special purpose vehicle that is adapted from—(i) any motor vehicle mentioned in subparagraph (a) or (b);(ii) a motor cycle or motor tricycle manufactured before 1 January 2028; or(iii) an invalid carriage; and(d) a special purpose vehicle other than one mentioned in—(i) subparagraph (c);(ii) regulation 39AAC(1)(a)(vii) or (b)(v); or(iii) regulation 39AAD(1)(c).(2) The vehicle must be equipped with at least two mirrors that are fitted in the following manner—(a) one of the mirrors must be fitted externally on the off side of the vehicle; and(b) the other mirror must be fitted either internally to the vehicle or externally on the near side of the vehicle.(3) The mirrors must be so constructed and fitted to the vehicle as to assist the driver to become aware of traffic to the rear and on both sides rearwards.(L.N. 178 of 2024) 39AA. Mirrors for observing traffic to rear—for motor cycles and motor tricycles manufactured before 1 January 2028 and invalid carriages (1) This regulation applies to—(a) a motor cycle or motor tricycle that is manufactured before 1 January 2028; and(b) an invalid carriage.(2) The vehicle must be equipped with a mirror that—(a) is fitted externally on the off side of the vehicle; and(b) is so constructed and fitted to the vehicle as to assist the driver to become aware of traffic to the rear.(L.N. 178 of 2024) 39AAB. Mirrors for observing alighting passengers—for light buses manufactured and buses first registered before 1 January 2028 (1) This regulation applies to—(a) a light bus that is manufactured before 1 January 2028; and(b) a bus that is first registered before 1 January 2028.(2) The vehicle must be equipped with at least one mirror that—(a) is fitted externally on the near side front of the vehicle; and(b) is of such size and so constructed and fitted to the vehicle as to give the driver a full and clear view of any passenger who is alighting from the vehicle.(3) The mirror fitted to a motor vehicle under paragraph (2) may be the same mirror fitted to the vehicle externally on its near side under regulation 39(2)(b).(L.N. 178 of 2024) 39AAC. Mirrors and camera-monitor systems for observing traffic—for certain vehicles manufactured or first registered on or after 1 January 2028 (1) This regulation applies to—(a) any of the following motor vehicles that is manufactured on or after 1 January 2028—(i) a private car;(ii) a taxi;(iii) a light bus;(iv) a van-type light goods vehicle;(v) a motor cycle the bodywork of which partly or wholly encloses the driver;(vi) a motor tricycle the bodywork of which partly or wholly encloses the driver;(vii) a special purpose vehicle that is adapted from any motor vehicle mentioned in sub-subparagraph (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v) or (vi); and(b) any of the following motor vehicles that is first registered on or after 1 January 2028—(i) a bus;(ii) a light goods vehicle (other than a van-type light goods vehicle);(iii) a medium goods vehicle;(iv) a heavy goods vehicle;(v) a special purpose vehicle that is adapted from any motor vehicle mentioned in sub-subparagraph (i), (ii), (iii) or (iv).(2) Subject to paragraph (3), the vehicle—(a) must comply with the following requirements—(i) it must be equipped with such number of mirrors as is specified in any scheduled standard; and(ii) the mirror or mirrors must conform with the performance and installation requirements of that scheduled standard;(b) must be equipped with a camera-monitor system that conforms with the performance and installation requirements of any scheduled standard; or(c) must be equipped with a combination of the following appliances that conforms with the installation requirements of any scheduled standard—(i) a mirror that conforms with the performance requirements of that scheduled standard; and(ii) a camera-monitor system that conforms with the performance requirements of that scheduled standard.(3) For a medium goods vehicle mentioned in paragraph (1)(b)(iii), even if a requirement on the provision of front view by a mirror or camera-monitor system as set out in any scheduled standards is optional in relation to the vehicle, the vehicle must still be equipped with the mirror or system that conforms with the requirement as if the requirement were compulsory in relation to the vehicle.(4) In this regulation—scheduled standard (附表標準) means a specification or standard set out in Part 1 of Schedule 21.(5) In this regulation, a reference to the installation requirements of a scheduled standard includes a requirement on the field of vision to be provided as set out in that standard.(L.N. 178 of 2024) 39AAD. Mirrors for observing traffic—for motor cycles and motor tricycles manufactured on or after 1 January 2028 and special purpose vehicles adapted from them (1) This regulation applies to any of the following motor vehicles that is manufactured on or after 1 January 2028—(a) a motor cycle—(i) the bodywork of which does not enclose the driver; or(ii) that does not have bodywork;(b) a motor tricycle—(i) the bodywork of which does not enclose the driver; or(ii) that does not have bodywork;(c) a special purpose vehicle that is adapted from any motor vehicle mentioned in subparagraph (a) or (b).(2) The vehicle must be equipped with such number of mirrors as is specified in any specification or standard set out in Part 2 of Schedule 21, and the mirror or mirrors must conform with the performance and installation requirements of that specification or standard.(3) Even if a mirror is not required to be fitted externally on the off side of the vehicle under paragraph (2), at least one mirror must be so fitted to the vehicle.(L.N. 178 of 2024) 39AAE. Mirrors and camera-monitor systems for observing alighting passengers—for light buses manufactured and buses first registered on or after 1 January 2028 (1) This regulation applies to—(a) a light bus that is manufactured on or after 1 January 2028; and(b) a bus that is first registered on or after 1 January 2028.(2) The vehicle—(a) must be equipped with at least one mirror that—(i) is fitted externally on the near side front of the vehicle; and(ii) is of such size and so constructed and fitted to the vehicle as to give the driver a full and clear view of any passenger who is alighting from the vehicle; or(b) must be equipped with a camera-monitor system that—(i) gives the driver a full and clear view of any passenger who is alighting from the vehicle; and(ii) conforms with the performance requirements of any specification or standard set out in Part 1 of Schedule 21.(3) The mirror or camera-monitor system fitted to a motor vehicle under paragraph (2) may be the same mirror or camera-monitor system fitted to the vehicle under regulation 39AAC(2).(L.N. 178 of 2024) 39AAF. Miscellaneous requirements in relation to mirrors (1) The edges of a mirror fitted internally to a motor vehicle must be surrounded by some material such that, if the mirror or that material is struck by any person in or on the vehicle, severe cuts are unlikely to be inflicted on the person.(2) The mirror that is fitted externally to a motor vehicle must—(a) be fitted to the vehicle in such a way that it remains steady under normal driving conditions; and(b) if the vehicle is fitted with windows and a windscreen—be fitted in such a way as to be visible to the driver (when in the driving seat) through—(i) a side window; or(ii) the portion of the windscreen that is swept by the windscreen wipers.(3) Unless a mirror referred to in paragraph (2) is so designed as not to cause injury to any person in the event of a collision, the mirror must not—(a) if the bottom of the mirror is less than 2 metres above the road surface when the vehicle is laden—project more than 10 centimetres beyond the overall width of the vehicle;

or(b) if the vehicle is towing a trailer with an overall width greater than that of the towing vehicle—project more than 20 centimetres beyond the overall width of the trailer.(L.N. 178 of 2024) 39AAG. Miscellaneous requirements in relation to camera-monitor systems (1) The edges of a monitor unit of a camera-monitor system that is fitted internally to a motor vehicle must be surrounded by some material such that, if the monitor unit or that material is struck by any person in or on the vehicle, severe cuts are unlikely to be inflicted on the person.(2) A camera unit of a camera-monitor system fitted externally on a motor vehicle must be fitted to the vehicle in such a way that it remains steady under normal driving conditions.(3) Unless a camera unit referred to in paragraph (2) is so designed as not to cause injury to any person in the event of a collision, the camera unit must not—(a) if the bottom of the camera unit is less than 2 metres above the road surface when the vehicle is laden—project more than 10 centimetres beyond the overall width of the vehicle; or(b) if the vehicle is towing a trailer with an overall width greater than that of the towing vehicle—project more than 20 centimetres beyond the overall width of the trailer.(L.N. 178 of 2024) 39A. Reversing video device (1) This regulation applies to a goods vehicle that—(a) is first registered on or after 1 October 2014; and(b) is neither—(i) a tractor unit designed primarily to form part of an articulated vehicle; nor(ii) a trailer.(2) The vehicle must be fitted with a reversing video device.(3) The device must be maintained in good working order.(4) The device must be so fitted to the vehicle that—(a) it automatically displays a current closed-circuit view of the area specified in paragraph (5) when the vehicle is reversing or about to reverse; and(b) the view is clear to the driver in the driving position, whether in the daytime or at night, except when the visibility is reduced by weather conditions.(5) The specified area is the area behind the extreme rear of the vehicle that—(a) extends in length to at least 3 200 mm from the extreme rear of the vehicle; and(b) extends in width to at least 500 mm from the outermost part on each side of the vehicle.(6) It is a defence in any proceedings for a contravention of paragraph (3) to prove that—(a) the defect occurred in the course of the journey during which the contravention was detected; or(b) at the time when the contravention was detected, steps had already been taken to have the defect remedied with all reasonable expedition.(L.N. 4 of 2014) 40. Construction of fuel tank Every motor vehicle shall be so constructed that—(a) any fuel tank fixed on the vehicle is in such a position that it is reasonably secure against its being damaged; and(b) the leakage of any liquid or vapour from such fuel tank is adequately prevented:Provided however that nothing in this subparagraph shall preclude any fuel tank being fitted with a device which by the intake of air or the emission of vapour relieves changes in pressure in the tank. 40A. Sideguards (1) Subject to paragraph (2), this regulation shall apply to—(a) a goods vehicle which has a permitted gross vehicle weight exceeding 5.5 tonnes and the distance between the centres of any 2 consecutive axles exceeds 3 metres;(b) a trailer which has a permitted gross vehicle weight exceeding 2 tonnes and the distance between the centres of any 2 consecutive axles exceeds 3 metres; and(c) a semi-trailer which has a permitted gross vehicle weight exceeding 2 tonnes and the distance between the centre of its first axle and the centre of the king-pin (the rearmost king-pin, if more than one) exceeds 4.5 metres.(2) This regulation does not apply to— (L.N. 178 of 2024)(a) a tractor unit of an articulated vehicle;(b) a vehicle which is incapable by reason of its construction of exceeding a speed of 25 kilometres per hour under its own power on the road;(c) an agricultural trailer;(d) a vehicle so constructed that it can unload by tipping sideways or rearwards;(e) a vehicle, without bodywork, which is being driven or towed by its manufacturer, dealer or distributor for a quality check or to premises of the manufacturer, dealer or distributor; (L.N. 178 of 2024)(f) a vehicle being driven or towed to a place where, by previous arrangement, the bodywork or sideguards are to be fitted; (L.N. 178 of 2024)(g) a trailer specially designed and constructed to carry round timber, beams or girders of exceptional length;(h) a trailer specially designed and constructed to carry other vehicles loaded onto it from the front or the rear; and(i) a trailer with a load platform where no part of the edge of the platform which is more than 60 millimetres inboard from the tangential plane and the upper surface of the platform is not more than 750 millimetres from the ground in the area where a sideguard would but for this provision have to be fitted.(3) Every vehicle to which this regulation applies shall be fitted with sideguards constructed and fitted to meet the following requirements —(a) each sideguard shall be of such robust construction as to effectively prevent motor-cyclists or pedestrians from being trapped between the axles in the event of a collision;(b) the outermost surface of the sideguard shall be smooth, essentially rigid and either flat or horizontally corrugated;(c) the lowest edge of the sideguard shall be no more than 550 millimetres above the ground when the vehicle is on level ground and in the case of a semi-trailer, when its load platform is horizontal;(d) where the floor of the vehicle to which the sideguard is fitted—(i) extends laterally outside the tangential plane;(ii) is not more than 1.85 metres from the ground;(iii) extends laterally over the whole of the length of the sideguard; and(iv) is wholly covered at its edge by a side-rave the lower edge of which is not more than 150 millimetres below the underside of the floor,the highest edge shall not be more than 350 millimetres below the lower edge of the side-rave;(e) where the floor of the vehicle to which the sideguard is fitted—(i) extends laterally outside the tangential plane; and(ii) does not comply with all of the provisions specified in subparagraph (d)(ii), (iii) and (iv), and any part of the structure of the vehicle is cut within 1.85 metres of the ground by the tangential plane,the highest edge shall not be more than 350 millimetres below the structure of the vehicle where it is cut by the tangential plane;(f) where—(i) no part of the structure of the vehicle is cut within 1.85 metres of the ground by the tangential plane; and(ii) the upper surface of the load carrying structure of the vehicle is less than 1.5 metres from the ground,the highest edge shall not be less than the height of the upper surface of the load carrying structure of the vehicle;(g) in any case other than subparagraph (d), (e) or (f), the highest edge shall not be less than 1.5 metres from the ground;(h) the distance between the rearmost edge of the sideguard and the tyre nearest to it shall not exceed 300 millimetres;(i) in the case of a semi-trailer not fitted with landing legs, the distance between the front edge of the sideguard and a point at right angles to the centre of the king-pin shall not exceed 3 metres;(j) in the case of a semi-trailer with landing legs, the distance shall be as in subparagraph (i) unless the centre of the landing leg is less than 2.75 metres from the king-pin, then the front edge of the sideguard shall not be over 250 millimetres from the centre of the leg;(k) in the case of a vehicle other than a semi-trailer, the front edge of the sideguard shall not be more than 300 millimetres from the nearest front tyre in the case of a motor vehicle, or 500 millimetres in the case of a trailer;(l) all external edges of a sideguard shall be rounded at a radius of at least 2.5 millimetres;(m) no sideguard shall be more than 30 millimetres inboard from the tangential plane;(n) a sideguard shall not add to the vehicle’s width;(o) a sideguard shall extend downwards at least 100 millimetres from its highest edge, 100 millimetres upwards from its lowest edge and 100 millimetres rearwards and inwards from its front edge and shall not have a vertical gap more than 300 millimetres nor a vertical surface less than 100 millimetres; and(p) subparagraphs (h) to (k) shall not apply to any additional length attributed to the extending of an extendable trailer beyond its minimum length or to any vehicle constructed to carry a demountable body or lift-off container.(4) The requirements in paragraph (3) shall apply only as far as is practicable in the case of a vehicle fitted with a tank for carrying fluid which is provided with valves and hose or pipe connections for loading and unloading and in the case of a vehicle with extending stabilisers required for stability during loading, unloading or while used for operations for which it is designed or adapted.(5) Every sideguard fitted to a vehicle in pursuance of this regulation shall at all times while the vehicle is used on a road be maintained free from any defect which might in any way affect its effectiveness.(L.N. 203 of 1990) 40B. Rearguards (1) Subject to paragraph (2), this regulation applies to—(a) a goods vehicle which has a permitted gross vehicle weight exceeding 5.5 tonnes;(b) a trailer which has a permitted gross vehicle weight exceeding 2 tonnes; and(c) a semi-trailer which has a permitted gross vehicle weight exceeding 2 tonnes.(2) This regulation does not apply to—(a) a tractor unit of an articulated vehicle;(b) a vehicle which is incapable by reason of its construction of exceeding a speed of 25 kilometres per hour under its own power on the road;(c) an agricultural trailer;(d) a vehicle fitted at the rear with apparatus specially designed for spreading material on a road;(e) a vehicle without bodywork which is being driven or towed by its manufacturer, dealer or distributor for a quality check or to premises of the manufacturer, dealer or distributor; (L.N. 178 of 2024)(f) a chassis-cab;(g) a vehicle specially designed and constructed as a vehicle transporter;(h) a trailer specially designed and constructed for carrying round timber, beams or girders of exceptional length;(i) a vehicle being driven or towed to a place where, by previous arrangement, the bodywork or rearguard is to be fitted; (L.N. 178 of 2024)(j) a concrete mixer;(k) a vehicle fitted with a tail lift so constructed that the lift platform forms part of the floor of the vehicle and this part has a length of at least 1 metre measured parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle or fitted with such tail lift installation which will render rearguard installation impractical;(l) a vehicle designed and used solely for delivery by means of a conveyor which is fitted to the rear of the vehicle when in use; and(m) a vehicle so constructed that it can be unloaded by part of the vehicle being tipped rearwards.(3) Every vehicle to which this regulation applies shall be fitted with rearguards constructed and fitted to meet the following requirements—(a) each rearguard shall be of such robust construction as to effectively prevent a motor vehicle from underrunning the motor vehicle in front in the event of rear-end collision;(b) the lower edge of the rearguard shall not be more than 550 millimetres above the ground;(c) the outer edge of the rearguard shall not be extended beyond the outer faces of the rear axle measured at the outermost points of the wheels, excluding the bulging of the tyres close to the ground, or more than 100 millimetres inboard from either outer face of the rear axle, and more than 300 millimetres inboard from either outer face of the rear axle in the case of a vehicle fitted with a demountable body; and in a case where there is more than one rear axle, the width to be considered is that of the widest rear axle; and(d) the rearguard shall consist of a cross-member and linking components connected to the chassis side members or to whatever replaces the chassis side members; the section height of the cross-member shall not be less than 100 millimetres.(4) Every rearguard fitted to a vehicle in pursuance of this regulation shall at all times when the vehicle is used on a road be maintained free from any defect which might in any way affect adversely its function of giving resistance in the event of an impact from the rear.(L.N. 203 of 1990) 40C. Remote control parking systems (1) A motor vehicle must not be equipped with a remote control parking system unless the system is an approved remote control parking system under paragraph (2).(2) A remote control parking system of a motor vehicle (subject vehicle) is an approved remote control parking system if—(a) the system is of a design and construction approved by the Commissioner in respect of the model of the subject vehicle;(b) a remote control parking device that can control the subject vehicle through the system enables the subject vehicle to move only if—(i) the application of the device that is designed for remotely parking the subject vehicle is continuously activated;(ii) the signal between the subject vehicle and the device is maintained; and(iii) the distance between the subject vehicle and the device does not exceed 6 metres; and(c) the system is capable of—(i) detecting road users, other vehicles and any other obstacles in the area surrounding the subject vehicle when the subject vehicle is being remotely parked; and(ii) bringing the subject vehicle to a stop immediately.(3) For the purposes of paragraph (2)(a), the Commissioner is to signify the approval in writing.(4) The remote control parking system of a motor vehicle must be maintained in good and efficient working order.(5) In this regulation—remote control parking device (遙控泊車設備) means a device that is used or designed to be used to control a motor vehicle through the remote control parking system of the vehicle; remote control parking system (遙控泊車系統), in relation to a motor vehicle, means a system that is used or designed to be used to remotely park the vehicle by controlling all of the following— (a) the braking system of the vehicle; (b) the steering mechanism of the vehicle; (c) an accelerator device of the vehicle. (6) In this regulation, a reference to remotely parking a motor vehicle—(a) is a reference to parking the vehicle by the use of a remote control parking device; and(b) includes moving the vehicle out of the place where it is parked by the use of a remote control parking device.(L.N. 178 of 2024) 40D. Over-height warning systems for vehicles with extendable aerial structures—requirements (1) Subject to regulations 40E and 40F, this regulation applies to a vehicle fitted with an extendable aerial structure that, when raised or extended upwards, may cause the extended overall height of the vehicle to exceed its specified overall height.(2) The vehicle must be equipped with a warning system that is capable of giving audible and visible warnings to the driver when in the driving seat during the time the extended overall height of the vehicle exceeds its specified overall height while the vehicle is in motion.(3) The warning system must be so constructed that its operation cannot be manually suspended or stopped while the vehicle is in motion.(4) The warning system must comply with both of the following requirements—(a) every part of the system must be properly and securely fitted to the vehicle;(b) the system must be maintained in good and efficient working order.(5) It is a defence in any proceedings for a contravention of paragraph (4)(b) to prove that—(a) the defect occurred in the course of the journey during which the contravention was detected; or(b) at the time when the contravention was detected, steps had already been taken to have the defect remedied with all reasonable expedition.(6) In this regulation— extended overall height (延伸後全高度), in relation to a vehicle fitted with an extendable aerial structure, means, while the vehicle is standing on a level surface with all tyres inflated to normal pressure and with the structure raised or extended upwards, the height of the vehicle measured vertically from the surface to— (a) the highest point of the vehicle; or (b) the highest point of the structure, whichever is the higher; specified overall height (指明全高度), in relation to a vehicle, means the overall height specified in relation to the vehicle in column 4 of the First Schedule.(L.N. 178 of 2024) 40E. Over-height warning systems for vehicles with extendable aerial structures—exemption and transitional provisions for certain lorry cranes (1) Regulation 40D does not apply to a lorry crane (other than a lorry crane specified in paragraph (2)) that is first registered before 1 March 2025 until—(a) the date on which the lorry crane is next required under section 78(1) of the Ordinance to be produced for examination before it is licensed (but excluding a date that falls before 1 September 2025); or(b) the date on which the vehicle licence in respect of the lorry crane ceases to be valid,whichever is the earlier.(2) A specified lorry crane that is first registered on or before 31 December 2012 is exempt from regulation 40D so long as the condition specified in paragraph (3) is met in relation to the lorry crane.(3) For the purposes of paragraph (2), the condition is that if the lorry crane were first registered on 1 March 2025, its emission could not conform to the vehicle design standards that would be applicable to the lorry crane under the Air Pollution Control (Vehicle Design Standards) (Emission) Regulations (Cap. 311 sub. leg. J).(4) If a lorry crane specified in paragraph (2) ceases to be exempt from regulation 40D on a date (cessation date), that regulation does not apply to the lorry crane until—(a) the date on which the lorry crane is next required under section 78(1) of the Ordinance to be produced for examination before it is licensed (but excluding a date that falls before the cessation date); or(b) the date on which the vehicle licence in respect of the lorry crane ceases to be valid,whichever is the earlier.(5) In paragraph (2)—specified lorry crane (指明機動式起重吊車) means a lorry crane that is a controlled vehicle within the meaning of section 3(1)(da) of the Air Pollution Control (Air Pollutant Emission) (Controlled Vehicles) Regulation (Cap. 311 sub. leg. X).(L.N. 178 of 2024) 40F. Over-height warning systems for vehicles with extendable aerial structures—exemption and transitional provisions for certain vehicles other than lorry cranes (1) Regulation 40D does not apply to a motor vehicle (other than a motor vehicle specified in paragraph (2) or a lorry crane) that is first registered before 1 March 2025 until—(a) the date on which the vehicle is next required under section 78(1) of the Ordinance to be produced for examination before it is licensed (but excluding a date that falls before 1 September 2026); or(b) the date on which the vehicle licence in respect of the vehicle ceases to be valid,whichever is the earlier.(2) A specified vehicle that is first registered on or before 31 December 2013 is exempt from regulation 40D so long as the condition specified in paragraph (3) is met in relation to the vehicle.(3) For the purposes of paragraph (2), the condition is that if the vehicle were first registered on 1 March 2025, its emission could not conform to the vehicle design standards that would be applicable to the vehicle under the Air Pollution Control (Vehicle Design Standards) (Emission) Regulations (Cap. 311 sub. leg. J).(4) If a motor vehicle specified in paragraph (2) ceases to be exempt from regulation 40D on a date (cessation date), that regulation does not apply to the vehicle until—(a) the date on which the vehicle is next required under section 78(1) of the Ordinance to be produced for examination before it is licensed (but excluding a date that falls before the cessation date); or(b) the date on which the vehicle licence in respect of the vehicle ceases to be valid,whichever is the earlier.(5) In paragraph (2)— specified vehicle (指明汽車) means a motor vehicle that— (a) is a controlled vehicle within the meaning of section 3(1)(da) of the Air Pollution Control (Air Pollutant Emission) (Controlled Vehicles) Regulation (Cap. 311 sub. leg. X); and (b) is not a lorry crane. (L.N. 178 of 2024) Part III Taxis, Buses and Light Buses 41. Taximeter (1) Every taxi shall be fitted with a taximeter of a design and construction approved by the Commissioner.(2) For the purpose of paragraph (1) the Commissioner may signify his approval either—(a) generally by notice in the Gazette; or(b) in any particular case in writing.(3) The Commissioner may specify the position and manner in which an approved taximeter may be fitted to a taxi, and where any such specification has been made every taximeter shall be fitted accordingly.(4) No taximeter or instrument similar to a taximeter shall be fitted to a vehicle without the prior approval of the Commissioner. 42. Construction of taximeter (1) Every taximeter shall be provided with an indicator of a size not less than 100 millimetres by 50 millimetres displaying the words “FOR HIRE” or the word “TAXI”.(2) Every taximeter shall be so constructed that—(a) it may be sealed to the satisfaction of the Commissioner;(b) the amount of fare calculated by time or distance or a combination of time and distance as prescribed is indicated on the fare dial;(c) the amount of additional fares in progressive increments of the lowest fare as prescribed is indicated on the fare dial; and(d) the height of the figures indicating the fare and additional fares is not less than 10 millimetres.(3) The fare dial on every taximeter shall be such that—(a) the words “FARE” and “EXTRAS” appear above, below or beside the figures indicating such item; and(b) the letters and words “H.K. dollars” and “cents” or the letters and symbols “H.K.$” and “c” appear immediately above, below or beside the figures indicating the fare and the extras; and(c) the fare is indicated with a clear division between dollars and cents.(4) Every taximeter shall be actuated by a device which shall cause the taximeter to be set to, and to operate in any one of, the following positions—(a) FOR HIRE, when the taximeter is not recording and the indicator display is clearly visible to any person standing in front of the taxi at a distance of 20 metres;(b) HIRED, when the taximeter is recording by time or distance or a combination of time and distance and the indicator display is not visible outside the taxi;(c) STOPPED, when—(i) the taximeter is recording by distance only and the indicator display is not visible outside the taxi; or(ii) the mechanism of the taxi is not in motion and the indicator display is not visible outside the taxi.(5) The position of the taximeter actuating device whether—(a) FOR HIRE;(b) HIRED; or(c) STOPPED,shall be clearly shown on the fare dial.(6) The taximeter actuating device shall operate direct from the “FOR HIRE” position to the “HIRED” position and shall pass through the “STOPPED” position before being returned to the “FOR HIRE” position.(7) The fare dial of every taximeter shall be capable of being illuminated during the hours of darkness and when required by the hirer, so as to render the readings on the dial easily legible. 42A. Receipt printing device There shall be installed a device, which is capable whilst in proper working order of printing a fare receipt within 12 seconds, in respect of every taxi, either by forming part of or being connected to the taximeter with which the taxi is fitted.(L.N. 148 of 1997) 43. Taximeter drive (1) The gear box or transducer fitted in a taximeter drive shall be so designed that the output revolutions or the number of electronic pulses produced and the drive cable connexions are acceptable to approved types of taximeters.(2) All cable and taximeter gear box or transducer connexions shall be capable of being sealed to the satisfaction of the Commissioner.(3) A plate of an approved type and pattern shall be attached to every taximeter gear box or transducer.(4) The plate attached in accordance with paragraph (3) shall be clearly and correctly marked with—(a) the minimum effective circumference of the tyre on the wheels of the taxi to which the taximeter is connected;(b) the number of teeth on any driving pinion which drives the taximeter gear box;(c) the reduction gear ratio of the final drive of the vehicle transmission; and(d) the gear ratio of the taximeter gear box or the number of electronic pulses produced in one kilometre. 44. Sealing and testing of taximeters (1) Every taximeter shall be tested by the Commissioner before it is fitted to a taxi and thereafter at intervals of not more than 6 months, and, if the tests prove satisfactory and the receipt printing device installed in respect of the taxi (whether by forming part of or being connected to the taximeter) is in proper working order, stamped and sealed by the Commissioner. (L.N. 148 of 1997)(2) The registered owner of a taxi shall submit the taxi, with the meter properly affixed, to the Commissioner in order that tests in accordance with paragraph (1) may be made.(3) The registered owner of a taxi shall report to the Commissioner, as soon as reasonably practicable, any fault or damage to the taximeter fitted to the taxi that may result in any inaccurate recording of the fare, or any damage to any stamp or seal of the Commissioner thereon. 45. Taxis to have illuminated signs and markings (1) A general taxi must— (34 of 2023 s. 8)(a) have fitted on the top of its roof an illuminated sign, of a type approved by the Commissioner, which at all times during the hours of darkness when the taxi is available for hire displays the word “TAXI” so that it is clearly visible from the front and the rear of the vehicle; and (L.N. 258 of 1984)(b) be plainly marked in English and Chinese writing of uniform size not less than 100 millimetres in height on the outside of the vehicle on both the near and off sides with the word “TAXI” and the characters “的士”.(2) A fleet taxi must—(a) be fitted with an illuminated sign in accordance with the conditions imposed on the taxi fleet licence under which the taxi is operated (licence conditions);(b) be plainly marked in English and Chinese writing of uniform size not less than 100 millimetres in height on the outside of the vehicle on both the near and off sides with the word “TAXI” and the characters “的士”; and(c) if any additional marking is required under the licence conditions—be marked with such marking. (34 of 2023 s. 8) 46. Plates on taxis (1) Every taxi shall display, on the front and on the back of the vehicle, a plate of the colour, form and dimensions set out in the diagram in Part I of the Sixth Schedule.(2) Every plate referred to in paragraph (1) shall comply with the provisions of Part II of the Sixth Schedule. 47. Painting of vehicles (1) The Commissioner may, by notice published in the Gazette, specify the colour, combination of colours or colour scheme with which the outside of public buses, public light buses and general taxis must be painted. (34 of 2023 s. 9)(2) The Commissioner may, by notice published in the Gazette or by condition imposed by him on the issue of a motor vehicle licence in respect of each vehicle, specify the colour, combination of colours or colour scheme with which the outside of private buses and private light buses shall be painted.(3) The outside of every public bus, private bus, public light bus, private light bus and general taxi must be painted with such colour, combination of colours or colour scheme as the Commissioner may specify in respect of the vehicle under paragraph (1) or (2). (34 of 2023 s. 9)(3A) The outside of a fleet taxi must be painted in accordance with the conditions imposed on the taxi fleet licence under which the taxi is operated. (34 of 2023 s. 9)(4) This regulation shall not apply to buses operated under a franchise granted under the Public Bus Services Ordinance (Cap. 230). 48. Markings on buses Every bus shall be marked plainly and correctly in English and Chinese writing of uniform size, not less than 10 millimetres in height—(a) inside the bus (on the lower deck if it is a double-decked bus); and(b) outside the bus at the rear or on the near side,with the number of passengers for whom seats are provided on each deck of the bus and the number of standing passengers who may be carried in a single-decked bus or on the lower deck of a double-decked bus while it is in motion (as specified in the registration document issued in respect of that vehicle). 49. Markings on public light buses and private light buses Every public light bus and private light bus shall be plainly and correctly marked in English and Chinese writing of uniform size not less than 100 millimetres in height, on the outside of the vehicle on both the near and off sides, with the number of passengers for whom seats are provided. 50. Additional markings on public light buses Every public light bus shall be plainly marked—(a) in block letters and Chinese characters, of uniform size not less than 100 millimetres in height, on the outside of the vehicle on both the near and off sides, with the words “Public Light Bus” and the characters “公共小型巴士”. (E.R. 4 of 2022)(b) (Repealed L.N. 243 of 1997) 51. Signs on school private light buses (1) A school private light bus providing a service for hire or reward—(a) shall bear on the outside of the vehicle on the sides, front and back a continuous horizontal purple stripe of a uniform width of not less than 200 millimetres;(b) shall bear on both the near and off sides, against the background of that purple stripe and in white colour, in block letters and Chinese characters of uniform size not less than 150 millimetres in height, the words “School Private Light Bus” and the characters “學校私家小巴”;(c) shall bear on the back, against the background of that purple stripe, a sign of the colour, design and dimensions set out in the diagram in the Thirteenth Schedule; (d) may bear the name or names in English and Chinese writing, on the outside of the vehicle on both the near and off sides, of the educational institution or institutions to or from which the passengers of the school private light bus are being carried; and (L.N. 96 of 1997)(e) subject to subparagraphs (a) to (d), shall be painted in yellow on the outside of the vehicle. (L.N. 96 of 1997)(2) For the purposes of—(a) paragraph (1)(a), (b) and (c), the colour purple shall be of British Standard Colour 24E56 @BS 5252: 1976 or Australian Standard Colour AS2700-1985:P13; and(b) paragraph (1)(e), the colour yellow shall be of British Standard Colour 08E53 @BS 5252: 1976 or Australian Standard Colour AS2700-1985:Y15. (L.N. 96 of 1997)(3) A school private light bus registered before 1 May 1997 shall be deemed to comply with this regulation if it complies with this regulation as in force immediately before that date. (L.N. 306 of 1998)(L.N. 225 of 1987; 50 of 1999 s. 12) 51A. (Repealed L.N. 96 of 1997) 52. Maintenance of markings and painting of certain vehicles The owner of every bus, public light bus, private light bus or general taxi, or the fleet licensee in respect of a fleet taxi, must ensure that— (34 of 2023 s. 10)(a) the markings required by these regulations to be on the vehicle are kept legible at all times; and(b) the vehicle is kept painted at all times in accordance with these regulations. 53. Prohibition marking and painting of vehicles other than buses and taxis (1) A motor vehicle must not be— (34 of 2023 s. 11)(a) marked with any marking required by these regulations to be on a public light bus, private light bus or general taxi; or(b) so marked as to closely resemble a public light bus, private light bus or general taxi,unless the vehicle is a public light bus, private light bus or taxi as the case may be. (34 of 2023 s. 11)(1A) Subject to paragraph (1B), a motor vehicle must not be—(a) marked with any marking required by these regulations to be on a fleet taxi operated under the relevant licence; or(b) so marked as to closely resemble such a fleet taxi. (34 of 2023 s. 11)(1B) Paragraph (1A) does not apply if—(a) the motor vehicle is a fleet taxi operated under the relevant licence; or(b) the marking marked on the motor vehicle is a marking required by these regulations to be on the motor vehicle. (34 of 2023 s. 11)(2) No motor vehicle shall be—(a) painted with such colour, combination of colours or colour scheme as the Commissioner may specify under regulation 47(1); or(b) so painted as to closely resemble such colour, combination of colours or colour scheme,unless the vehicle is a public bus, public light bus or taxi.(3) In this regulation—relevant licence (有關牌照), in relation to a fleet taxi, means the taxi fleet licence under which the taxi is operated. (34 of 2023 s. 11) 54. Markings on buses, light buses and taxis (1) A bus, public light bus, private light bus or taxi must not bear any marking, colour marking, sign, word, figure or character other than such as— (34 of 2023 s. 12)(a) is required or permitted, under any Ordinance or under any condition subject to which a motor vehicle licence or a taxi fleet licence has been issued in respect of the vehicle, to be borne on the vehicle; or (34 of 2023 s. 12)(b) the Commissioner may in writing permit.(2) No bus, public light bus, private light bus or taxi shall have marked on it a number purporting to be the seating or standing capacity of the vehicle, unless the number accords with—(a) the number of passengers for whom seats are provided in the vehicle; and(b) the number of standing passengers who may be carried in a single-decked bus or on the lower deck of a double-decked bus while it is in motion,entered in the registration document in respect of that vehicle. 55. Stability (1) The stability of a double-decked bus shall be such that when loaded with weights placed in the correct relative positions to represent the driver and a full complement of passengers on the upper deck only, if the surface on which the vehicle stands were tilted to either side to an angle of 28 degrees from the horizontal, the point at which overturning occurs would not be passed.(2) The stability of a single-decked bus and light bus shall be such that when loaded with weights placed in the correct relative positions to represent the driver and a full complement of passengers, if the surface on which the vehicle stands were tilted to either side to an angle of 35 degrees from the horizontal, the point at which overturning occurs would not be passed.(3) For the purpose of conducting tests of stability the height of any stop used to prevent a wheel of the bus or light bus from slipping sideways shall not be greater than two thirds of the distance between the surface upon which the vehicle stands before it is tilted and that part of the rim of that wheel which is the nearest to such surface when the vehicle is loaded in accordance with the requirements of this regulation.(4) For the purposes of this regulation, 57 kilograms shall be deemed to represent the weight of one person. 56. Side overhang No part of a bus or light bus, other than a direction indicator, a driving mirror, or a camera unit of a camera-monitor system, may project laterally beyond the outer face of the outer tyre of the rearmost wheel on the same side of the vehicle as the projection in the case of— (L.N. 178 of 2024)(a) a bus, by more than 150 millimetres; and(b) a light bus, by more than 180 millimetres. 57. Guard rails (1) If any two wheels on the same side of a bus have a clear space of more than 600 millimetres between their nearest points, a guard rail, running board or other similar device, which shall extend to within 220 millimetres of the front wheel and 150 millimetres of the rear wheel, shall be fixed to guard such space effectively to within at least 250 millimetres of the ground when the vehicle is carrying no passengers and is standing on level ground.(2) Any guard rail fitted in compliance with this regulation shall be so constructed and fitted that, when necessary, by raising the rail or otherwise, access can easily be obtained to any part of the space underneath the vehicle. 58. Brake and steering connexions (1) Where brake and steering connexions of a bus are secured with bolts or pins, the bolts or pins shall be threaded and effectively locked.(2) The steering arm, steering rods and joints and all other moving parts of the steering mechanism of a bus shall be kept clean and free from rust.(3) The ball and socket joints of steering connexions when such are used in the steering mechanism of a bus shall not be pendant: Provided that this paragraph shall not apply to spring loaded self-adjusting spherical joints. (4) Dust-excluding covers fitted to any joint or connexion of the steering mechanism of a bus shall be capable of being easily removed to facilitate inspection. 59. Hub projection No portion of any wheel of a bus or any of its fittings shall project more than 90 millimetres beyond the extreme outer face of the tyre when fully inflated. 60. Fuel tanks, carburettors, etc. on buses and light buses (1) No fuel tank shall, in any single-decked bus, half-decked bus or lower deck of a double-decked bus, be placed under any part of any gangway or under any part of any passage leading to an emergency exit (not being a secondary emergency exit) if that part of the gangway or passage is within 600 millimetres of any entrance or exit.(2) No fuel tank shall, in any light bus, be placed immediately under any entrance or exit or within 300 millimetres of any entrance or exit and no filling point for a fuel tank shall be situated at the rear of the vehicle.(3) No part of any fuel tank or apparatus for the supply of fuel shall, in any bus or light bus, be placed in the compartments or other spaces provided for the accommodation of the driver or passengers.(4) All fuel tanks and all apparatus supplying fuel to the engine shall, in every bus and light bus, be so placed or shielded that no fuel overflowing or leaking therefrom can fall or accumulate upon any woodwork forming part of the vehicle or upon any other part of the vehicle or fitting thereto such that it might readily be ignited or can fall into any receptacle where it might accumulate.(5) The filling points for all fuel tanks shall, in every bus and light bus, be accessible only from the outside of the vehicle and filler caps shall be so designed and constructed that they cannot be dislodged by accidental operation and any vent hole shall be protected from danger of penetration by fire and shall be so designed as to prevent fuel from being splashed over.(6) A device shall be provided in every bus and light bus by means of which the supply of fuel to any carburettor or, in the case of a fuel injection pump, to the injection nozzles, can be readily cut off and the following requirements shall be complied with in respect thereof—(a) the means of operation shall at all times be readily accessible from outside the vehicle and, except in the case of a vehicle fitted with an engine having a fuel injection system, shall be readily visible from the outside of the vehicle; and(b) in a case where the device is so visible, the “off” position of the means of operation thereof shall be clearly marked also on the outside of the vehicle, and in a case where the said device is not so visible, its position shall be clearly marked on the outside of the vehicle and the means of operation shall also be clearly indicated. (E.R. 4 of 2022) 61. Exhaust pipes on buses and light buses (1) The exhaust pipe of every bus and light bus shall be so fitted or shielded, and maintained that—(a) no inflammable material can be thrown upon it from any other part of the vehicle;(b) it is not likely to cause a fire through proximity to any inflammable material on the vehicle; and(c) so far as is reasonably practicable, fumes are prevented from entering the vehicle from it.(2) The outlet of the exhaust pipe of every bus and light bus shall be placed—(a) on the off side of the vehicle; or(b) at the rear of the vehicle, as near as is reasonably practicable to the off side of the vehicle. 62. Locking of nuts All moving parts of a bus and light bus and all parts subject to severe vibration which are connected by bolts or studs and nuts shall be fastened by lock nuts or by nuts and efficient spring or locking washers or by castellated nuts and split pins or by some other efficient device to prevent their working or coming loose. 63. Artificial lighting (1) In every bus—(a) adequate internal lighting shall be provided for the illumination of— (L.N. 95 of 1993)(i) each deck thereof having a permanent top;(ii) any step or platform thereof forming part of any entrance or exit, other than an emergency exit;(b) at least one lamp shall be provided as near as reasonably practicable to the top of every staircase leading to an upper deck thereof not having a permanent top; and(c) all lighting circuits shall be so arranged that an electrical failure of any lighting sub-circuit shall not be capable of extinguishing all the lights on any deck thereof.(2) Adequate internal lighting shall be provided in every light bus for the illumination of the light bus and any step or platform thereof forming part of any entrance or exit, other than an emergency exit, and all lighting circuits shall be so arranged that an electrical failure of any lighting sub-circuit shall not be capable of extinguishing all the lights therein. 64. Electrical equipment (1) All electrical apparatus and circuits in every bus and light bus shall be so constructed and installed as to guard adequately against the risk of electric shock and the outbreak of fire.(2) Subject to paragraph (3), where the voltage exceeds 100 volts in one or more electrical circuits in a bus or light bus, a manually operated isolating switch which is capable of disconnecting all such circuits from the main electrical supply shall be connected in each pole of that supply which is not electrically connected to earth, and shall be located inside the bus or light bus in a position readily accessible to the driver or conductor.(3) No isolating switch fitted under paragraph (2) shall be capable of disconnecting any electrical circuit supplying the lamps required to be carried under Part VII of these regulations.(4) In this regulation any reference to an electrical circuit is a reference to an electrical circuit not being a high tension ignition circuit or a circuit within a unit of equipment. 65. Steps, platforms and stairs (1) In every bus and light bus—(a) the top of the tread of the lowest step provided at any entrance or exit, other than an emergency exit, shall be not more than 450 millimetres nor less than 250 millimetres above the ground when the vehicle is empty;(b) all steps shall be fitted with non-slip treads; and(c) fixed steps shall be not less than 230 millimetres in depth and shall in no case project laterally beyond the body of the vehicle unless they are so protected by the front wings of the vehicle or otherwise that they are not liable to injure pedestrians.(2) In every bus—(a) any rear platform shall be not more than 450 millimetres nor less than 250 millimetres above the ground when the vehicle is empty;(b) the outer edge of any rear platform shall be fitted with non-slip treads; and(c) risers shall not be more than 270 millimetres in height.(3) Without prejudice to paragraph (1), in the case of a double-decked bus—(a) the risers of all steps leading from the lower to the upper deck shall be closed and no unguarded aperture shall be left at the top landing board;(b) all steps leading from the lower to the upper deck shall be fitted with non-slip treads;(c) the horizontal distance from the nearest point of the riser of the top step to the vertical line passing through the nearest point of the seat opposite to the top tread of the staircase, excluding any grab rail which does not project more than 200 millimetres from the back of the seat, shall not be less than 600 millimetres; and(d) the outer stringer of an outside staircase shall be so constructed, or a band shall be so placed, as to act as a screen to persons ascending or descending, and the height of the outer guard rail shall not be less than 1.2 metres above the front of the tread of each step.(4) The deck of every bus shall be fitted with a non-slip surface. 66. Entrances and exits on buses (1) Subject to paragraphs (2) and (3), a bus which has a seating capacity not exceeding 45 passengers shall be provided with 2 exits so placed as not to be on the same side of the bus and one of which may be a primary emergency exit but neither of which shall be a secondary emergency exit.(2) Paragraph (1) shall not apply in the case of a bus which has a seating capacity exceeding 23 passengers and which is provided with an exit by virtue of its having a rear platform which communicates with a deck (being, in the case of a double-decked bus, the lower deck) by means of a doorless opening and has a doorless opening on the near side of the bus continuous with another such opening at the rear of the bus, that opening serving together as a means of entrance to or exit from the bus.(3) Where the exits provided in accordance with paragraph (1) are so placed that the distance between their centres is—(a) in the case of a bus which has a seating capacity exceeding 23 passengers, less than 3 metres;(b) in the case of a bus which has a seating capacity not exceeding 23 passengers, less than 2.4 metres,a primary emergency exit or secondary emergency exit shall be provided and so placed that there is a distance of—(i) in the case of a bus which has a seating capacity exceeding 23 passengers, not less than 3 metres; and(ii) in the case of a bus which has a seating capacity not exceeding 23 passengers, not less than 2.4 metres,between the nearest points of the openings of that exit and one of the two exits required by paragraph (1).(4) A bus which has a seating capacity exceeding 45 passengers shall be provided with 3 exits which shall comply with the following requirements—(a) one of the exits may be a secondary emergency exit;(b) 2 of the exits (neither being a secondary emergency exit) shall be so placed as not to be on the same side of the bus;(c) where 2 exits are placed on the same side of the bus, the distance between their centres shall not be less than 3 metres;

and(d) one of the exits (not being a secondary emergency exit) shall be placed at the front end of the bus so that the distance between its centre and the foremost part of the bus is not more than 3 metres and another of the exits (not being a secondary emergency exit) shall be placed at the rear end of the bus so that the distance between its centre and the rearmost part of the bus is not more than 3 metres.(5) In the case of a half-decked bus, an emergency exit of dimensions not less than 1 500 millimetres by 450 millimetres shall be provided in the roof of the bus and so placed that the transverse centre line of that exit lies within 600 millimetres of the mid-point between the front edges of the foremost and of the rearmost passenger seats in the bus.(6) Where, in the case of a double-decked bus which has a permanent top, access to the upper deck is obtained by means of an enclosed staircase, an emergency exit of dimensions not less than 1 500 millimetres by 450 millimetres shall be provided on that deck and placed otherwise than on the near side of the vehicle.(7) Every entrance provided in a bus shall be placed on the near side of the bus, but one or more entrances may be provided on the off side of the bus if—(a) in respect of any entrance so provided it is not also an exit provided in accordance with any of the foregoing provisions in this regulation;(b) every such entrance is fitted with a door which can be controlled only by the driver while sitting in his seat; and(c) the device available to the driver for opening or closing that door is a separate and readily distinguishable device from that available to the driver for opening or closing any door fitted to the near side of the bus:Provided that this paragraph shall not apply in the case of a bus referred to in paragraph (2).(8) Handrails shall be fitted on each side of every entrance and exit provided in a bus (other than an emergency exit) to assist passengers to board or alight from the vehicle.(9) The width of every entrance and exit provided in a bus (other than the secondary emergency exit or an emergency exit provided in accordance with paragraphs (5) and (6)) shall be—(a) not less than 500 millimetres; and(b) in the case of an exit which serves both decks of a double-decked bus (disregarding any stanchion), being an exit which is either—(i) the only such exit in the bus; or(ii) the exit most readily and directly associated with a staircase serving the upper deck,not less than 900 millimetres:Provided that this paragraph shall not apply in the case of an exit referred to in paragraph (2) if the width of that exit measured along the side of the bus is not less than 500 millimetres and its width measured along the rear of the bus is not less than 450 millimetres.(10) For the purposes of this regulation—(a) references to the seating capacity of a vehicle shall, in the case of a double-decked bus, be treated as references to the seating capacity of its lower deck;(b) references to the distance between the centres or between the nearest points of the openings of 2 exits in a bus are references to the distance between lines drawn at right-angles to the longitudinal axis of the bus and passing respectively through the centres or, as the case may be, the nearest points of the openings of the exits at gangway level; and(c) the reference to the distance between the centre of an exit placed at the front end of a bus and the foremost part of the bus is a reference to the distance between lines drawn at right-angles to the longitudinal axis of the bus and passing through the centre of that exit and the said foremost part and the reference to the distance between the centre of an exit placed at the rear end of a bus and the rearmost part of the bus is a reference to the distance between lines drawn as aforesaid and passing through the centre of that exit and the said rearmost part.(11) A bus shall not be treated as failing to comply with this regulation by reason only that a number of exits are provided in excess of the number specified in relation to it by this regulation. 67. Entrances and exits on light buses (1) There must be at least 2 exits (one of which may be an emergency exit) on a light bus, and the exits must be situated on at least 2 of the following—(a) the near side of the light bus;(b) the off side of the light bus;(c) the rear of the light bus. (L.N. 164 of 2021)(2) Handrails shall be fitted on each side of every entrance and exit provided in a light bus (other than an emergency exit) to assist passengers to board or alight from the vehicle.(3) Every entrance and every exit of a light bus shall, subject to paragraph (5), be not less than 530 millimetres wide. (L.N. 164 of 2021)(4) The clear height of every exit of a light bus shall be not less than 1.2 metres.(5) Notwithstanding paragraph (3), the Commissioner may permit in writing the use of a light bus the entrances or exits of which are less than 530 millimetres wide. 67A. Driver’s door on light bus (1) In this regulation—driver’s door (司機門) means a door provided at the driver’s compartment of a light bus to enable the driver to board or alight from the light bus.(2) For the purposes of this Part (except regulations 71 and 72(5)), a driver’s door of a light bus is an emergency exit if—(a) no seat is fitted immediately adjacent to the driver’s seat of the light bus;(b) (where a separate seat is placed to the side of the driver’s seat of the light bus) there is a clear width of not less than 460 millimetres between the driver’s seat and the separate seat (measured from the edges of the 2 seats that are nearest to each other);(c) the driver’s door is readily accessible to passengers without obstruction from the passenger seats through the gangway of the light bus and through the passage from the gangway to the driver’s seat (passage);(d) the width of the passage—(i) is not less than 300 millimetres at heights up to 750 millimetres above the level of the deck of the light bus;(ii) is not less than 350 millimetres at heights exceeding 750 millimetres but not exceeding 1 200 millimetres above the level of the deck of the light bus; and(iii) is not less than 460 millimetres at heights exceeding 1 200 millimetres above the level of the deck of the light bus;(e) the access between the driver’s seat and the steering wheel—(i) is not less than 600 millimetres in height; and(ii) is not less than 400 millimetres in width; and(f) the light bus is also provided with the following—(i) at least one emergency window that complies with regulation 67B; and(ii) at least one escape hatch that complies with regulation 67C.(L.N. 164 of 2021) 67B. Emergency window on light bus (1) An emergency window of a light bus—(a) must—(i) be made of readily-breakable safety glass; or(ii) be capable of being easily and instantaneously opened from the inside of the light bus by means of a device (which is located in a prominent position and readily reachable by persons inside the light bus in case of emergency) to the satisfaction of the Commissioner;(b) must be capable of being fully opened;(c) must be capable of being easily opened from the outside of the light bus in case of emergency;(d) must be designed to prevent any inadvertent operation;(e) must not be of an ejectable type;(f) must not be fitted in a position that might in any way cause danger to passengers;(g) must not obstruct clear passage from the inside or outside of the light bus;(h) for a hinged type—must be capable of being opened outward, and must be fitted with an audible and visible warning device to alert the driver when the window is not completely and securely closed;(i) must be situated at either the forward half or the rearward half of the passengers’ compartment in the light bus such that there must be at least one exit or emergency window at each half of the compartment;(j) must be easily accessible to passengers without obstruction from any part of the gangway of the light bus for obtaining access to the exterior of the light bus; and(k) must be clearly marked as such inside the light bus in English and Chinese writing.(2) In a light bus, the means of operation of an emergency window must be clearly indicated.(3) If an emergency window is situated on the near side or off side of a light bus—(a) the window must be of an aperture area of not less than 0.4 square metre;(b) the height of the window must be not less than 0.5 metre;(c) the width of the window must be not less than 0.7 metre; and(d) the height of the lower edge of the window above the level of the deck of the light bus—(i) if the window is of a breakable glass type—must be not more than 1.2 metres and not less than 500 millimetres;(ii) if the window is of a hinged type and the window aperture is equipped with a guard that is of a height not less than 650 millimetres above the level of the deck of the light bus—must be not more than 1.2 metres and not less than 500 millimetres; or(iii) if the window is of a hinged type and the window aperture is not equipped with a guard referred to in sub-subparagraph (ii)—must be not more than 1.2 metres and not less than 650 millimetres.(4) If an emergency window is situated at the rear of a light bus, the window must be of an aperture area of not less than 0.4 square metre and must be in either of the following proportions—(a) the height of the window is not less than 0.5 metre and the width of the window is not less than 0.7 metre;(b) the height of the window is not less than 0.35 metre and the width of the window is not less than 1.55 metres.(5) If an emergency window aperture is equipped with a guard, the area of the aperture above the guard must not be less than the area set out in paragraph (3)(a) or (4).(6) The gangway of a light bus and the passage between 2 seats leading to an emergency window of the light bus must conform with regulations 71 and 73(1) respectively.(7) A light bus is not taken to fail to comply with paragraph (1)(c) by reason only of the fact that, for the purpose of securing the light bus when unattended, any emergency window has been fitted with a supplementary lock (with or without an actuating mechanism), if the lock is so designed and constructed that a single movement of a device provided on the inside of the light bus will at all times allow the emergency window to be readily opened.(8) A light bus is not taken to fail to comply with paragraph (1)(j) by reason only of the presence of any passenger seat adjacent to an emergency window of the light bus.(L.N. 164 of 2021) 67C. Escape hatch on light bus (1) An escape hatch of a light bus—(a) must be capable of being easily and instantaneously opened from the inside of the light bus by means of a device (which is located in a prominent position and readily reachable by persons inside the light bus in case of emergency) to the satisfaction of the Commissioner;(b) must be capable of being fully opened;(c) must be capable of being easily opened from the outside of the light bus in case of emergency;(d) must be designed to prevent any inadvertent operation;(e) must not be of an ejectable type;(f) must not be fitted in a position that might in any way cause danger to passengers;(g) must not obstruct clear passage from the inside or outside of the light bus;(h) for a hinged type—must be capable of being opened outward, and must be fitted with an audible and visible warning device to alert the driver when the hatch is not completely and securely closed;(i) must be situated not more than 1.6 metres above a seat or any equivalent support (including a support that is foldable or movable if the support can be locked in its position of use) measured from the outermost surface of the roof of the light bus; and(j) must be clearly marked as such inside the light bus in English and Chinese writing.(2) If there is only 1 escape hatch on a light bus, the escape hatch must be situated in the middle part of the roof of the light bus.(3) If there is more than one escape hatch on a light bus, each escape hatch must be separated by a distance of at least 2 metres (being the distance measured between the edges of the apertures of the escape hatches that are nearest to each other in a line parallel to the longitudinal axis of the light bus).(4) In a light bus, the means of operation of an escape hatch must be clearly indicated.(5) The aperture of an escape hatch of a light bus must be—(a) of an area of not less than 0.45 square metre; and(b) of such a shape that a rectangle of 0.6 metre in width and 0.7 metre in length may be inscribed in the aperture.(6) A light bus is not taken to fail to comply with paragraph (1)(c) by reason only of the fact that, for the purpose of securing the light bus when unattended, any escape hatch has been fitted with a supplementary lock (with or without an actuating mechanism), if the lock is so designed and constructed that a single movement of a device provided on the inside of the light bus will at all times allow the escape hatch to be readily opened.(7) In paragraph (2)—middle part (中間部分), in relation to the roof of a light bus, means the middle part of the roof area of the passengers’ compartment in the light bus when dividing the roof area into 3 parts of equal length longitudinally.(L.N. 164 of 2021) 68. Doors (1) In every bus and light bus—(a) means shall be provided for holding every entrance and exit door securely in the closed position and, where any such door is capable of remaining open when the vehicle is in motion or of being accidentally closed by the movement of the vehicle, means shall also be provided for holding that door securely in the open position;(b) subject to paragraph (3), every entrance and exit door shall be provided with at least 2 devices (of which one may be a device provided for use in circumstances of normal operation only by a person authorized by the owner of the vehicle, and one, but not more than one, shall be provided on the outside of the vehicle) being in each case a device for operating the means for holding the door securely in the closed position, and every such device shall be so designed that a single movement of it will allow that door to be readily opened;(c) there shall be clearly indicated—(i) the method of operation of any device referred to in subparagraph (b);(ii) the position of such a device where it is not placed on the door;(iii) the direction and points of application of any manual effort required to open any door; and(iv) in the case of a power-operated door, a prohibition against passengers using the device except in an emergency;(d) where any device referred to in subparagraph (b) is not placed on the door, it shall be placed so as to be readily associated with that door and so that a person of normal height may conveniently operate the device without risk of being injured by movement of the door;(e) every device referred to in subparagraph (b), other than a device provided on the outside of an emergency exit on the upper deck of a double-decked bus or in the roof of a half-decked bus, shall be easily accessible to persons of normal height;(f) the means and devices referred to in subparagraphs (a) and (b) shall be so designed and fitted that they are unlikely to become dislodged or be operated accidentally;(g) every door shall operate so as not to obstruct clear access to any entrance or exit from inside or outside the vehicle;(h) the storage and transmission system of the power for operating any power-operated door shall be such that operation of the doors does not adversely affect the efficient operation of the braking system of the vehicle and the apparatus shall be so designed and constructed that in the event of the system becoming inoperative the door shall be capable of being operated manually from inside and outside the vehicle;(i) the design of power-operated doors and their associated equipment at entrances and exits shall be such that, when opening or closing, the doors are unlikely to injure any passenger; and(j) no power-operated door shall be capable of being operated while the vehicle is in motion except by operation of a device referred to in subparagraph (b) not being a device provided for use in circumstances of normal operation only by a person authorized by the owner of the vehicle.(2) Any bus or light bus which has a power-operated door which, when open or being operated, projects laterally beyond the body of the vehicle, shall be so constructed or adapted that it cannot move from rest under its own power when the door is open.(2A) Subject to paragraph (2B), every bus and light bus fitted with a power-operated door rearward of the driver’s seat shall be fitted with— (L.N. 306 of 1998)(a) a red warning light in the driver’s compartment clearly visible to the driver which will remain illuminated when any such door is not completely and securely closed; and(b) a warning buzzer which will remain audibly activated when any such door is closing and which will deactivate only when all such doors are completely and securely closed. (L.N. 96 of 1997)(2B) Paragraph (2A) shall not apply to a bus or light bus registered before 1 May 1997 until—(a) that bus is required to be produced at any time on or after 1 November 1998 for examination pursuant to section 78 of the Ordinance; or(b) 1 November 1999,whichever is the earlier. (L.N. 306 of 1998)(3) A bus or light bus shall not be deemed to fail to comply with paragraph (1)(b) by reason only of the fact that, for the purposes of securing the vehicle when unattended, any entrance or exit door has been fitted with a supplementary lock with or without an actuating mechanism if the lock is so designed and constructed that a single movement of any device referred to in paragraph (1)(b), being a device provided on the inside of the vehicle, will at all times allow that door to be readily opened. 69. Marking, positioning and operation of emergency exits (1) In every bus and light bus—(a) all emergency exits shall—(i) be clearly marked as such inside and outside the vehicle in English and Chinese writing;(ii) be fitted with doors which open outwards;(iii) except in the case of an emergency exit provided in the roof of a half-decked bus, be readily accessible to passengers;(b) the means of operation of doors fitted to emergency exits shall be clearly indicated;(c) the doors of emergency exits shall not be fitted with any system of power operation; and(d) the means of operation of the doors of emergency exits other than those provided in the upper deck of a double-decked bus or in the roof of a half-decked bus shall be readily accessible to persons of normal height standing at ground level outside the vehicle.(2) All emergency exits in a single-decked bus or half-decked bus, or in the lower deck of a double-decked bus, shall be so situated that passengers can step directly from the passage referred to in regulation 71(7) to the outside of the vehicle:Provided that this requirement shall not apply in the case of an emergency exit provided in the roof of the vehicle or in the case of a secondary emergency exit.(3) Subject to paragraph (4) and except in the case of an emergency exit provided in the roof of a half-decked bus or, in a window, every bus and light bus fitted with an emergency exit, shall be fitted with—(a) a red warning light in the driver’s compartment clearly visible to the driver which will remain illuminated; and(b) a warning buzzer in the driver’s compartment which will remain audibly activated,when any such door is not completely and securely closed. (L.N. 96 of 1997)(4) Paragraph (3) shall not apply to—(a) a private light bus that has a seating capacity of not more than 12 passengers;(b) a bus or light bus registered before 1 May 1997 and which is not used for the carriage to or from an educational institution of the students of the institution (whether or not for hire or reward);(c) a bus or light bus registered before 1 May 1997 and which is used for the carriage to or from an educational institution of the students of the institution (whether or not for hire or reward) until—(i) that bus is required to be produced at any time on or after 1 November 1998 for examination pursuant to section 78 of the Ordinance; or(ii) 1 November 1999,whichever is the earlier. (L.N. 306 of 1998) 70. Access to exits (1) In every bus and light bus—(a) subject to paragraph (2), there shall be unobstructed access from every seat in the vehicle—(i) in a case where the vehicle is, in accordance with these regulations, provided with only one exit, to that exit; and(ii) in a case where the vehicle is, in accordance with these regulations, provided with 2 or more exits, to both or, as the case may be, to at least 2 of those exits; and(b) no seat shall be fitted to any door of the vehicle.(2) Paragraph (1)(a) shall not apply in relation to any seat in a vehicle—(a) which is placed beside the driver’s seat if there is unobstructed access to that seat by means of an entrance other than the driver’s entrance; or(b) which is placed on a deck which does not have a permanent top if there is unobstructed access from every seat on that deck to an exit. 71. Width of gangways (1) Subject to the provisions of this regulation, in every bus and light bus—(a) the width of every gangway shall be not less than—(i) 300 millimetres up to a height of 750 millimetres above the level of the deck of the vehicle;(ii) 350 millimetres at heights exceeding 750 millimetres but not exceeding 1 200 millimetres above the level of the deck of the vehicle; and(iii) 460 millimetres at heights exceeding 1 200 millimetres above the level of the deck of the vehicle; and(b) a vertical line projected upwards from the centre line of any gangway at deck level shall, to the height prescribed in regulation 72 as the height of that gangway, be laterally not less than 150 millimetres from any part of the vehicle other than the roof above the gangway.(2) No part of any gangway in a bus, which is within 900 millimetres of an entrance or exit (other than an emergency exit) to which it provides access, shall be less than 530 millimetres in width.(3) No part of any gangway in a double-decked bus, which serves as a joint means of access from any entrance to both the upper and lower decks, or to that exit (other than an emergency exit) which is most readily and directly associated with any staircase from both the upper and lower decks, shall be less than 900 millimetres in width.(4) For the purposes of this regulation, when any space in front of a seat in a bus is required for the accommodation of seated passengers, the space within 230 millimetres of the seat shall not be taken into account in measuring the width of a gangway.(5) Where a part of a gangway which adjoins an entrance or exit of a bus or light bus is divided by a handrail, the width of that part of the gangway at any point on each side of the handrail shall be not less than 460 millimetres.(6) Where 2 passenger seats are placed parallel to the longitudinal axis of a bus or light bus and face each other and the space between those seats is not required for the purpose of obtaining access from an entrance to any other seat or from any other seat to an exit (not being an emergency exit), that space shall not for the purposes of this regulation and regulation 72 be treated as forming part of the gangway.In this paragraph passenger seat (乘客座位) means a seat for one passenger only or the portion of a continuous seat allowed for one passenger only measured in accordance with regulation 73(1)(b).(7) Subject to paragraph (6), between every exit (not being an emergency exit provided in the roof of a half-decked bus) and gangway of a bus or light bus there shall be a passage which shall—(a) be of dimensions not less than those prescribed for a gangway in paragraph (1)(a);(b) be so designed that a vertical line projected upwards from the centre line of the passage at deck level to a height of 750 millimetres from the level of the deck is laterally not less than 150 millimetres from any part of the vehicle (excluding any cowling or cover which projects not more than 230 millimetres from the bulkhead of the vehicle into the passage at deck level and not more than 230 millimetres above the deck level and the provision of which is required by the projection of part of the chassis or mechanism of the vehicle into the body); and(c) subject to paragraph (8)(b), have a clear height at every point along the centre line of the passage of 1.5 metres from the deck level.(8) (a) For the purposes of paragraph (7)(a) and (b), a seat placed below or in front of an emergency exit, being such an exit provided on the upper deck of a double-decked bus or in the roof of a half-decked bus or which is a secondary emergency exit, shall be deemed to form part of such a passage; and(b) paragraph (7)(c) shall not apply in the case of a passage in a bus leading to an emergency exit, being such an exit provided on the upper deck of a double-decked bus or in the roof of a half-decked bus or which is a secondary emergency exit, nor shall it apply in the case of a light bus. 72. Height of gangways (1) In every bus—(a) the clear height at every point along the centre line of any gangway between the limits specified in paragraph (3) shall be 1.72 metres;(b) except in respect of any part of any gangway placed on the off side of the bus which is required only to provide access to the foremost passenger seat in the bus, the clear height shall, outside the limits specified in paragraph (3), be not less than the clear height prescribed in relation to the bus in subparagraph (a) of this paragraph reduced by 100 millimetres;(2) No part of any gangway in the top deck of a double-decked bus shall project into the compartment or other space provided for the accommodation of the driver in such a manner as to incommode the driver or cause his view of the road to the front of the bus or to the sides thereof to be restricted.(3) Subject to paragraph (4), the clear height prescribed in paragraph (1)(a) shall, in the case of the lower deck of a double-decked bus, extend throughout the gangway and in any other case shall extend from the front edge of the foremost passenger seat adjacent to the gangway to the front edge of the rearmost passenger seat adjacent to that gangway.(4) Where any gangway is on the off side of the bus, it shall be a sufficient compliance with paragraph (1)(a) if the clear height of 1.72 metres extends from a point 460 millimetres behind the front edge of the foremost passenger seat adjacent to that gangway to the front edge of the rearmost passenger seat adjacent thereto.(5) In every light bus the clear height at every point along the centre line of any gangway in the light bus, except for a distance of 300 millimetres along that line measured from each entrance and exit, shall be not less than 1.37 metres and, in the case of the said distance, shall be not less than 1.2 metres. 73. Passenger seats (1) In every bus and light bus—(a) the supports of all seats shall be secured to the body of the vehicle;(b) a width of at least 380 millimetres, and in the case of a public light bus registered on or after 1 August 2004, a width of at least 450 millimetres, measured horizontally along the back of each seat shall be allowed for the accommodation of a seated passenger: (L.N. 147 of 2002; L.N. 152 of 2007) Provided that in the case of a continuous seat fitted with arms for the purpose of separating the seating spaces, being arms so constructed that they can be folded back or otherwise put out of use, the seat shall be measured for the purposes of this subparagraph as though it were not fitted with arms; (c) every seat shall have a back rest so closed or otherwise constructed as to prevent, as far as reasonably practicable, the pockets or other personal belongings of passengers from being picked or subject to theft;(d) all seats shall be so fitted—(i) that the distance between any part of the back rest of any seat placed lengthwise and the corresponding part of the back rest of the seat facing it shall be not less than 1.38 metres;(ii) that there is a clear space of at least 650 millimetres in front of the back rest of any seat measured from the centre of each complete length of the seat allowed for the accommodation of a seated passenger in accordance with subparagraph (b) and a clear space of 230 millimetres in front of any part of that seat:Provided that in the case of a seat for more than 3 passengers where access to that seat can be obtained only from one end of the seat, the clear spaces shall respectively be at least 680 millimetres and 300 millimetres;(e) there shall be a clear space of at least 480 millimetres between any part of the front edge of any transverse seat and any part of any other seat which faces it;(f) for the purposes of subparagraph (e), any support provided for a table shall be disregarded if there is a clear space of at least 230 millimetres between that support and the front edge of the nearest seat and the support is not in such a position as to cause discomfort to passengers occupying the seats;(g) no seat shall be placed in such a position as to cause discomfort to passengers;(h) there shall, in respect of every seat, be a clear space measured vertically from the centre of each complete length of the seat allowed for the accommodation of a seated passenger in accordance with subparagraph (b) which shall be, in the case of a light bus not less than 910 millimetres and, in the case of a bus, not less than 960 millimetres;(i) where any seat is so placed that there is a risk that a passenger seated upon it may be thrown through any entrance to or exit from the vehicle or down a stairway in the vehicle, an effective screen or guard shall be placed so as to afford adequate protection against that occurrence to a passenger occupying that seat; and(j) the shortest distances between the edge of the well of any step in the vehicle and a vertical plane passing through the front edge of any seat shall be not less than 230 millimetres: Provided that this subparagraph shall not apply in the case of the well of a step provided as a means of obtaining access only to any forward-facing front passenger seat placed alongside the driver in a light bus. (1A) In every public light bus registered on or after 1 August 2004— (L.N. 152 of 2007)(a) every seat shall have a back rest of not less than 700 millimetres in height and if a back rest exceeds 800 millimetres in height, the seat concerned shall also be equipped with a head restraint;(b) where a retractable belt is fitted to the seat concerned, the surface or edge of any guard, or the top or edge of any screen or partition, that would likely to be struck by the head of a passenger wearing the retractable belt in the event of an accident, shall be provided with padding of impact energy absorption material, but nothing in this subparagraph shall require padding to be provided on any surface more than 1 000 millimetres from the intersection of the centre lines of the seat cushion and the back rest or more than 150 millimetres on either side of the longitudinal vertical plane which passes through the intersection;(c) all seats and their anchorages shall conform with one or more of the specifications and standards set out in Part 1 of Schedule 15;(d) all head restraints shall conform with one or more of the specifications and standards set out in Part 2 of Schedule 15;(e) the seats and head restraints—(i) shall not have sharp edges which may increase the risk or severity of injury to seated passengers in traffic accidents; and(ii) shall be made of impact energy absorption material and fire resistant material; and(f) the accessories attached to the seats and head restraints shall not have sharp edges which may increase the risk or severity of injury to seated passengers in traffic accidents and shall be made of impact energy absorption material. (L.N. 147 of 2002)(1AA) In every student service vehicle registered on or after 1 May 2009—(a) every seat shall be forward-facing;(b) all seats and the accessories attached to the seats shall not have sharp edges which may increase the risk or severity of injury to seated passengers in a traffic accident;(c) subject to paragraphs (1AB) and (1AC), all seats and their anchorages shall—(i) conform to the installation and performance requirements of any specification or standard specified in any section of Part 5 of Schedule 15; and(ii) bear approval marks recognized or assigned by the Commissioner;(d) subject to paragraph (1AB), all restraining barriers and their anchorages shall—(i) be constructed to the strength requirements provided for in subparagraph (c) in respect of the seats and their anchorages; and(ii) bear approval marks recognized or assigned by the Commissioner;(e) subject to paragraph (1AB), every controlled surface shall be made of impact energy absorption material;(f) subject to paragraph (1AB), no folding table or folding accessories shall be installed on any controlled surface;(g) subject to paragraph (1AB), all seats and restraining barriers shall be made of fire resistant material;(h) subject to paragraphs (1AB) and (1AC), every seat shall have a back rest of not less than 700 millimetres in height and if a back rest exceeds 800 millimetres in height, the seat concerned shall also be equipped with a head restraint that conforms to the installation and performance requirements of any specification or standard specified in any section of Part 2 of Schedule 15;(i) subject to paragraph (1AB), every seat shall be so fitted that it has in front of it—(i) another seat back that complies with subparagraph (c); or(ii) a restraining barrier that complies with subparagraph (d), which is so placed and constructed as to afford adequate protection for a seated passenger against being thrown forward to another position in the vehicle in a traffic accident; and(j) subject to paragraphs (1)(d), (1AB) and (1AD), every seat shall be so fitted that there is a clear space of not more than 740 millimetres in front of the back rest of any seat. (L.N. 152 of 2007)(1AB) Paragraph (1AA)(c), (d), (e), (f), (g), (h), (i) and (j) shall not apply in relation to any seat which is—(a) a specified passenger’s seat on a school private light bus; or(b) a middle front seat on a school private light bus. (L.N. 152 of 2007)(1AC) Without prejudice to paragraph (1AB), paragraph (1AA)(c) and (h) shall not apply in relation to any seat which has no other seat situated immediately behind it. (L.N. 152 of 2007)(1AD) Where—(a) any space in front of the back rest of a seat is required for providing direct access to an emergency exit; and(b) as a result it is impractical to keep a clear space in compliance with paragraph (1AA)(j),the clear space in front of the back rest of such seat shall be kept as small as reasonably practicable. (L.N. 152 of 2007)(1B) For the purposes of paragraphs (1A)(a) and (1AA)(h), all measurements for determining the height of back rest shall be taken, with the seat cushion and back rest undepressed, through the centre line of the individual seating place and measured from the horizontal surface of the seat cushion intersected at the front lower edge of the back rest to the front upper edge of the back rest. (L.N. 147 of 2002; L.N. 152 of 2007)(2) In this regulation—back rest (靠背) includes any part of the vehicle which is available for seated passengers to lean against; controlled surface (受管制表面)— (a) means any surface which is likely to be struck by the head of a seated passenger moving in the forward direction in a traffic accident; (b) includes the rear part, edge or top of seat backs, restraining barriers, guards, screens or partitions; and (c) in the case of a continuous seat, includes all surfaces which are likely to be struck by the head of a passenger seated in any possible seating position on that seat; (L.N. 152 of 2007) fire resistant material (耐火物料), except in relation to public light buses registered before 1 May 2009, means material that conforms to the installation and performance requirements of any specification or standard specified in any section of Part 4 of Schedule 15; (L.N. 152 of 2007)impact energy absorption material (吸收碰撞能量物料), except in relation to public light buses registered before 1 May 2009, means material that conforms to the installation and performance requirements of any specification or standard specified in any section of Part 3 of Schedule 15; (L.N. 152 of 2007)restraining barrier (約束屏障) means a structure, other than the back of a seat, which is intended to afford adequate protection for a seated passenger against being thrown forward to another position in the vehicle in a traffic accident; (L.N. 152 of 2007)seat (座位) means a passenger seat. 74. Standing passengers (1) The Commissioner shall on the registration of a bus calculate the total number of standing passengers that may be carried on a single-decked bus or on the lower deck of a double-decked bus by dividing the total floor area of that deck, in square metres, available to standing passengers, by 0.17; such total floor area shall not include—(a) any space within 230 millimetres of the front of a seat required for the accommodation of seated passengers;(b) that part of any gangway or any passage to an emergency exit which is within 230 millimetres of any step-well except where adequate means (such as a guard or screen) is provided to prevent passengers being thrown into such step-well;(c) any step and any space within 230 millimetres of an entrance or exit, the space being measured from the outside of the bus and having the same width as the opening;(d) any space forward of the rearmost point of the driver’s seat;(e) any space on which it is not possible to place a square of 300 millimetres sides;(f) any space not connected to a gangway, entrance or exit by space available to standing passengers; or(g) in the case of a double-decked bus, any space within 230 millimetres of the riser of the bottom step of any staircase.(2) In every bus, grab-rails, straps, stanchions or other devices of adequate strength shall be so placed that at least one such means of support is available to each standing passenger of normal height.(3) The design and location of the devices referred to in paragraph (2) shall have due regard to the effect of surge on a group of standing passengers during abnormal deceleration of the bus, such as might occur during any emergency stop. 75. Ventilation Adequate ventilation shall be provided in every bus and light bus for the driver and passengers. 76. Driver’s accommodation (1) Every bus and light bus shall comply with the following requirements—(a) the vehicle shall be so designed that the driver, when sitting in his seat, has adequate room and can readily reach and operate the controls, including the devices for controlling the direction indicators and stop lamps;(b) the controls shall be so placed as to allow reasonable access to the driver’s seat;(c) the accommodation for the driver shall be so arranged as to afford adequate protection in bad weather;(d) means shall be provided to enable the driver to see the passengers on each deck without leaving his seat;(e) means shall be provided to prevent light from the interior of the vehicle from incommoding the driver and in respect of any window placed on that side of the centre line of the vehicle which is occupied by the driver, the means so provided shall be capable of being operated by the driver when in his seat;(f) where access to the driver’s seat is obtained from the off side of the vehicle—(i) an opening in the side of the vehicle shall be provided which shall have a clear width of not less than 450 millimetres, except where this dimension cannot be provided by reason only of the presence of a portion of the wheel arch in that opening; and(ii) a step shall be provided on the vehicle at a convenient position and height adjacent to the opening if the lowest point of the sill of that opening is more than 650 millimetres from ground level when the vehicle is unladen;(g) where a separate and enclosed compartment is provided for the driver and access to the driver’s seat is obtained from the off side of the vehicle, an emergency escape window shall be provided (otherwise than on the off side of that compartment) which shall be readily accessible to the driver and shall have a clear opening with dimensions of not less than 530 millimetres by 460 millimetres; and(h) where any seat for a passenger is placed to the side of the driver’s seat—(i) whether the seat is a separate seat or is continuous with the driver’s seat, a space of at least 460 millimetres measured from the centre of the steering column on the side on which the seat is placed shall be reserved for use solely by the driver; and(ii) if the seat is continuous with the driver’s seat or if it is a separate seat so placed that any part of it is nearer to the centre of the steering column than 460 millimetres, the said space shall be divided off by means of a solid partition having a height of at least 230 millimetres measured from the seat level of the driver’s seat and extending for the whole depth of the seat.(2) Every bus shall comply with the following requirements—(a) the driver’s seat shall be capable of being adjusted in a vertical direction and in a horizontal direction parallel to the longitudinal axis of the bus and of being firmly secured in any desired position within the limits of such adjustments; the range of such adjustments shall permit the seat to be fixed in a position such that the horizontal distance between the nearest part of the steering wheel and the back rest of the seat is 350 millimetres and the vertical distance between the lowest part of the steering wheel and the horizontal plane level with the top of the seat cushion is 200 millimetres and also as to permit the seat to be adjusted at least 50 millimetres forwards, backwards, upwards and downwards from that position;(b) direct and reasonable access shall be provided to the driver’s seat either from the off side of the bus or by means of a passage which shall be not less than 300 millimetres in width up to a height of 760 millimetres above the floor of the bus and not less than 350 millimetres above that height and shall comply with the requirement prescribed in relation to the gangway of a bus by regulation 71(1)(b); and(c) where access to the driver’s seat is obtained from the off side of the bus a grab handle shall be fitted to assist the driver in boarding and alighting from the bus. 77. Windows to be guarded The side windows in a single-decked bus with a permanent top and in the lower and upper decks of a double-decked bus shall, when open, if required by the Commissioner, be adequately guarded to a height of 1 metre from the deck. 78. Luggage racks All luggage racks fitted in a bus and light bus shall be so designed and constructed that no article placed thereon, if it becomes dislodged whilst the vehicle is in motion, is likely to fall on the driver or interfere with his control of the vehicle. 78A. Installation of public address system (1) Subject to paragraph (2), every bus and light bus used for carriage to or from an educational institution of the students of the institution, whether or not for hire or reward, shall have installed in the driver’s compartment a public address system or other audio device sufficient to enable the driver to address all passengers on the bus or the light bus. (L.N. 306 of 1998)(2) Paragraph (1) shall not apply to a bus or light bus registered before 1 May 1997 until—(a) that bus is required to be produced at any time on or after 1 November 1998 for examination pursuant to section 78 of the Ordinance; or(b) 1 November 1999,whichever is the earlier. (L.N. 306 of 1998)(L.N. 96 of 1997) 78B. Display of signboard on buses carrying students Every bus that is used for carriage to or from an educational institution of the students of the institution, whether or not for hire or reward, shall bear in or on the back of the vehicle, in such manner as is clearly visible rearwards, a signboard of the colour, design and dimensions set out in the diagram in the Fourteenth Schedule.(L.N. 96 of 1997) Part IIIA Journey Recording Systems for Taxis (Part IIIA added L.N. 163 of 2025) 78C. Interpretation of Part IIIA In this Part—approved journey recording system (認可行車記錄系統)—see regulation 78E;authorized journey recording system installer (獲授權行車記錄系統安裝人) means a person authorized under regulation 120AA(2) to install journey recording systems;journey recording system (行車記錄系統)—see regulation 78D;taxi for hire (出租的士) means a taxi being used on a road—(a) to ply for hire; or(b) to carry passengers for hire or reward. 78D. Meaning of journey recording system (1) A journey recording system is a system that can be fitted to a taxi and complies with all the requirements set out in paragraphs (2), (3) and (4).(2) The system is capable of—(a) making video recordings with audio that show a clear view of all persons in the taxi to which the system is fitted;(b) making video recordings without audio that show a clear view of the front view and rear view outside the taxi; and(c) capturing data concerning the precise location of the taxi in latitude and longitude by transmitting and receiving signals under a global navigation satellite system,during the period beginning on the activation of the taxi’s drive system and ending 15 minutes after the deactivation of the drive system (operation period).(3) After any recording or data mentioned in paragraph (2)(a), (b) or (c) is made or captured, the system is capable of—(a) processing the recording or data such that it is shown on the recording or data—(i) the date (including day, month and year) and time (including second, minute and hour) when the recording is made or data is captured; and(ii) the registration mark of the taxi;(b) encrypting the recording or data;(c) for a recording mentioned in paragraph (2)(a)—(i) storing the recording for 30 days after the date on which the recording is made (30-day period); and(ii) automatically deleting the recording on the expiry of the 30-day period;(d) for a recording mentioned in paragraph (2)(b)—storing the recording for at least 30 days after the date on which the recording is made; and(e) for any data mentioned in paragraph (2)(c)—storing the data for at least 30 days after the date on which the data is captured.(4) The system—(a) is capable of being connected to the designated information system during the operation period of the taxi and—(i) transmitting the recording and data stored in the journey recording system to the information system; and(ii) transmitting signals to the information system indicating whether the journey recording system is maintained in good and efficient working order; and(b) provides both of the following telltales that are easily visible to any person in the taxi—(i) a coloured signal lamp that lights up during the operation period of the taxi when the journey recording system is in normal operation;(ii) a coloured signal lamp that lights up during the operation period of the taxi when the journey recording system is defective or otherwise not in normal operation.(5) In this regulation—designated information system (指定資訊系統) means the information system designated under regulation 49E(1) of the Road Traffic (Public Service Vehicles) Regulations (Cap. 374 sub. leg. D). 78E. Meaning of approved journey recording system An approved journey recording system, in relation to a taxi, means a journey recording system that—(a) has been installed on the taxi, or modified for the taxi, by an authorized journey recording system installer;(b) has been examined to the satisfaction of the Commissioner;

and(c) has been sealed by the Commissioner or a person authorized in writing by the Commissioner. Part IV Goods Vehicles and Special Purpose Vehicles 79. Markings on goods vehicles and special purpose vehicles (1) The owner of every goods vehicle and special purpose vehicle shall cause the permitted gross vehicle weight as shown in the registration document in respect of such vehicle and the maximum permitted axle weight to be painted or otherwise plainly marked upon some conspicuous place on both sides of the vehicle unless a valid vehicle licence, issued in respect of the vehicle, containing—(a) the permitted gross vehicle weight; and(b) the maximum permitted axle weight,of the vehicle is displayed on such vehicle. (L.N. 243 of 1997)(2) The markings under paragraph (1) shall be in English and in Chinese characters and shall be inscribed in white on a black surface in letters, characters and figures not less than 25 millimetres in height and shall at all times be kept clean and unobscured by the owner.(3) For the purposes of paragraph (2) white (白色) includes the colour of polished aluminium or chromium plating. 80. Exhaust pipe on goods vehicles and special purpose vehicles On every goods vehicle and special purpose vehicle the exhaust pipe shall be so fitted or shielded, and maintained that—(a) no inflammable material can be thrown upon it from any other part of the vehicle;(b) it is not likely to cause a fire through proximity to any inflammable material in the vehicle or being carried on the vehicle; and(c) the exhaust outlet is not directed to the near side of the vehicle. 81. Passenger accommodation on goods vehicles and special purpose vehicles Where the driving cab of a goods vehicle or special purpose vehicle is specifically designed to carry passengers, seating accommodation for the carriage of not more than 5 passengers may be installed in a manner approved by the Commissioner. 81A. Protective partitions inside van-type light goods vehicles (L.N. 178 of 2024)(1) There shall—(a) be in every van-type light goods vehicle, permanently, between the goods compartment and the seating accommodation, a partition, which shall be of such height, width, strength, design and construction as to be capable of— (L.N. 178 of 2024)(i) withstanding or bearing the weight of any load the partition is likely to encounter or the van-type light goods vehicle is likely to carry; and(ii) acting as a protective barrier against goods in the goods compartment shifting into the seating accommodation; and(b) not be any side windows in the goods compartment of any van-type light goods vehicle.(2) (Repealed L.N. 178 of 2024)(3) This regulation shall apply—(a) to a van-type light goods vehicle registered on or after 1 July 1990, as from the date of such registration; and(b) to a van-type light goods vehicle registered before 1 July 1990, as from 1 July 1991.(L.N. 113 of 1990; L.N. 178 of 2024) Part V Trailers 82. Markings on trailers (1) The owner of every trailer shall cause the permitted gross vehicle weight as shown in the registration document issued in respect of such vehicle and the maximum permitted axle weight to be painted or otherwise plainly marked upon some conspicuous place on the trailer unless a valid vehicle licence, issued in respect of the trailer, containing—(a) the permitted gross vehicle weight; and (b) the maximum permitted axle weight,of the trailer is displayed on such trailer. (L.N. 243 of 1997)(2) The markings under paragraph (1) shall be in English and in Chinese characters and shall be inscribed in white on a black surface in letters, characters and figures not less than 25 millimetres in height and shall at all times be kept clean and unobscured by the owner.(3) For the purposes of paragraph (2) white (白色) includes the colour of polished aluminium or chromium plating. 83. Brakes on trailers (1) Subject to paragraphs (5) and (6), every trailer shall be equipped with an efficient braking system complying with paragraphs (2), (3) and (4).(2) The braking system of every trailer shall be so designed and equipped that when the trailer is being towed the brakes of such braking system are capable of being applied to all the wheels of the trailer by the driver of the towing vehicle using the means of applying those brakes of the towing vehicle which are designed and constructed to have the highest braking efficiency in accordance with regulation 19 of any of the brakes of any braking system with which the towing vehicle is equipped.(3) The braking system of every trailer shall be so designed and constructed that when the trailer is stationary—(a) the brakes of such braking system can be applied to at least 2 wheels of the trailer and be released by a person standing on the ground by a means of operation fitted to the trailer;(b) the braking force of such braking system can, when applied in the manner indicated in paragraph (2) or subparagraph (a), at all times be maintained in operation by direct mechanical action without the intervention of any hydraulic, electric or pneumatic device; and(c) the braking force of such braking system, when so applied and so maintained in operation by direct mechanical action, is capable of holding the trailer stationary on a gradient of at least 1 in 6.25 without the assistance of stored energy.(4) The braking system of every trailer shall be so constructed that it is not rendered ineffective by the non-rotation of the engine of the towing vehicle.(5) The provisions of paragraph (2) shall not apply in the case of a trailer of a gross vehicle weight not exceeding 2 tonnes if the brakes of the trailer automatically come into operation on the overrun of the trailer.(6) This regulation shall not apply to—(a) any land implement towed by a motor vehicle;(b) any trailer designed for and used for street cleaning, which does not carry any load other than its necessary gear and equipment; and(c) any broken down vehicle which is being towed by a motor vehicle in consequence of the breakdown. 84. Mudguards and mudflaps on trailers (1) Subject to paragraphs (1A) and (2), every trailer shall be equipped with—(a) mudguards at the rear wheels; and(b) mudflaps behind the rearmost wheels,which shall be of specifications approved by the Commissioner as being reasonably necessary to ensure that, so far as is reasonably practicable, mud or water thrown up by the rotation of the wheels is caught. (L.N. 113 of 1998)(1A) Paragraph (1) shall not apply if the body of the trailer affords adequate protection to catch, so far as is reasonably practicable, mud or water thrown up by the rotation of the wheels. (L.N. 113 of 1998)(2) Paragraph (1) shall not apply to—(a) trailers in an unfinished condition proceeding to a works for completion;(b) land implements;(c) trailers used only for or, when empty, in connexion with the carriage of round timber;(d) trailers towed by a vehicle the maximum speed of which is restricted to 20 kilometres per hour or less; and(e) any broken down vehicle which is being towed by another vehicle in consequence of the breakdown.(3) The Commissioner shall by notice in the Gazette publish the specifications of mudguards and mudflaps approved by him for the purpose of paragraph (1). (L.N. 113 of 1998)(4) In paragraph (1), reference to the rear wheels of a trailer shall, in the case of a two-wheeled trailer, be read as reference to both its wheels. (L.N. 113 of 1998)(5) In this regulation, mudflap (擋泥翼) means a device that acts as a lower extension to a mudguard. (L.N. 113 of 1998) Part VI Miscellaneous Vehicles 85. Brakes on motor cycles, motor tricycles and invalid carriages (1) Every motor cycle, motor tricycle and invalid carriage shall be equipped with either an efficient braking system having 2 means of operation or 2 efficient braking systems each having a separate means of operation, complying with paragraphs (2), (3) and (4).(2) The braking system or braking systems with which a motor cycle, motor tricycle or invalid carriage is required to be equipped shall be so designed and constructed that notwithstanding the failure of any part (other than a fixed member or a brake shoe anchor pin) through or by means of which the force necessary to apply the brakes is transmitted there shall still be available for application by the driver to at least one wheel brakes sufficient under the most adverse conditions to bring the vehicle to rest within a reasonable distance.(3) The brakes of every motor cycle, motor tricycle and invalid carriage shall as applied by one of the means of operation have a braking efficiency of not less than 30 per cent and the brakes as applied by the other means shall have a braking efficiency of not less than 25 per cent.(4) The application of one of the means of operation required under paragraph (1) shall not affect or operate the pedal or hand level of the other means of operation. 86. Tyres and brakes on pedestrian controlled vehicles Every pedestrian-controlled vehicle exceeding 50 kilograms in unladen weight shall be provided with efficient pneumatic tyres on all wheels and an efficient brake in good working order. 87. Brakes on bicycles and tricycles (1) Every bicycle and tricycle shall be equipped with at least one braking system.(2) Every bicycle and tricycle having any wheel of which the outside diameter (including any tyre when fully inflated) exceeds 460 millimetres shall—(a) if it is so constructed that one or more of the wheels is incapable of rotating independently of the pedals, be equipped with a braking system operating on the front wheel or both the front wheels if it has 2 front wheels;(b) if it is not so constructed as aforesaid, be equipped with 2 independent braking systems one of which operates on the front wheel or both the front wheels if it has 2 front wheels, and the other of which operates on the rear wheel or one of the rear wheels if it has 2 rear wheels: Provided that in the case of a tricycle not constructed or adapted for the carriage of goods it shall be a sufficient compliance with this subparagraph if the tricycle is equipped with 2 independent braking systems operating on the front wheel if it has 2 rear wheels, or on the rear wheel if it has 2 front wheels. (3) All braking systems required by this regulation shall be efficient and shall be kept in proper working order.(4) For the purposes of this regulation, a braking system shall be deemed not to be efficient if the brake operates directly on the tyre of any wheel.(5) Nothing in this regulation shall apply to any bicycle or tricycle—(a) so constructed that the pedals act directly upon any wheel or upon the axle of any wheel without the inter-position of any gearing, chain or other device; or(b) brought temporarily into Hong Kong by a person resident outside Hong Kong and intending to make only a temporary stay in Hong Kong, for a period not exceeding one year from the date of the arrival of the bicycle or tricycle in Hong Kong, while the bicycle or tricycle is being used by that person, if its brakes comply with the requirements of Article 26 of the 1949 Convention. (23 of 1998 s. 2) 88. Warning instrument on bicycles and tricycles (1) Every bicycle and tricycle shall be fitted with a bell capable of giving sufficient warning of the approach or presence of the vehicle.(2) No bicycle or tricycle shall carry a warning instrument other than a bell. Part VII Lighting and Reflectors 88A. Restriction on light sources (1) This regulation applies to a lamp or direction indicator required or permitted to be carried by a motor vehicle or trailer under this Part other than—(a) a blue lamp carried under regulation 112; and(b) a lamp carried under regulation 113.(2) The light shown by the lamp or direction indicator must be derived from—(a) an electric bulb;(b) a sealed beam lamp; or(c) an LED module.(L.N. 178 of 2024) 88B. Lamps and direction indicators with LED modules (1) This regulation applies to a lamp or direction indicator—(a) that is fitted with an LED module; and(b) that—(i) is set out in column 2 of Schedule 6A; and(ii) is required or permitted to be carried by a motor vehicle or trailer under the provision specified in column 3 of that Schedule opposite to the lamp or direction indicator.(2) In addition to any requirement under these regulations that applies to the lamp or direction indicator, the lamp or direction indicator must also conform with—(a) any specification or standard specified in column 4 of Schedule 6A opposite to the lamp or direction indicator; or(b) any specification or standard that is demonstrated to the Commissioner to be substantially the same as, or more stringent than, any specification or standard referred to in subparagraph (a).(L.N. 178 of 2024) 89. Obligatory front lamps (1) Subject to paragraph (2), every motor vehicle shall carry 2 lamps capable, during the hours of darkness or in poor visibility conditions, of showing to the front a white light visible from a reasonable distance, which shall be attached to the motor vehicle in such position and manner as is provided by these regulations. (L.N. 40 of 2002)(2) Notwithstanding paragraph (1), in the case of—(a) a motor cycle not having a sidecar attached thereto; and(b) an invalid carriage,only a single lamp capable of showing a white light to the front need be carried.(3) Every lamp required to be carried by this regulation shall be maintained in clean and efficient condition. 90. Character of obligatory front lamps (L.N. 178 of 2024)(1) This regulation applies to an obligatory front lamp other than— (L.N. 178 of 2024)(a) a lamp normally used as a direction indicator; and(b) a lamp fitted with an electric bulb or bulbs, if the rated wattage of any bulb, or the total rated wattage of all the bulbs which are capable of being illuminated at the same time, does not exceed 7 watts and the lamp is fitted with frosted glass or other material which has the effect of diffusing the light.(2) An obligatory front lamp shall be so constructed, fitted and maintained that the beam of light emitted therefrom—(a) is at all times a dipped beam;(b) can be deflected at the will of the driver so as to become a dipped beam; or(c) can be extinguished by the operation of a device which at the same time either—(i) causes the lamp to emit a dipped beam; or(ii) causes another lamp to emit a dipped beam.(3) An obligatory front lamp shall not be held to comply with paragraph (2)(a) unless it is so fixed that its centre is not less than 600 millimetres from the ground. 91. Position of obligatory front lamps (1) Every obligatory front lamp shall be so fixed that—(a) the highest part of the illuminated area of the lamp is not more than 1.7 metres from the ground except that in the case of a land tractor, agricultural tractor, industrial tractor, agricultural implement or engineering plant the lamp may be so fixed that the highest part of the illuminated area of the lamp is not more than 2 metres from the ground; and(b) no part of the vehicle or its equipment extends laterally on the same side as the lamp more than 400 millimetres beyond the nearest part of the illuminated area of the lamp.(2) Where 2 obligatory front lamps are carried on any vehicle they shall be fixed on opposite sides of the vehicle and shall be fixed at the same height from the ground.(3) Where a dual-purpose lamp is carried on a sidecar attached to a motor cycle or on a land tractor, agricultural tractor or pedestrian-controlled vehicle, such lamp may be so fixed that no part (including equipment) of the sidecar, tractor, or pedestrian-controlled vehicle extends laterally on the same side as the lamp more than 400 millimetres from the nearest part of the illuminated area of the obligatory front lamp combined in the dual-purpose lamp. 92. Restriction on the nature of lamps to be carried (1) Subject to paragraph (2) and regulations 108, 109, 111, 112, 113, 114 and 115, no vehicle shall carry any lamp capable of showing—(a) a red light to the front; or(b) any light to the rear, other than a white light for the purpose of reversing or a red light. (L.N. 1 of 2000)(2) Paragraph (1)(b) does not prevent a vehicle from carrying a lamp showing a light to the rear for the purposes of— (34 of 2023 s. 13)(a) the internal illumination of the vehicle;(b) illuminating a number plate or taximeter;(c) illuminating a sign fitted on a taxi in accordance with regulation 45; or (34 of 2023 s. 13)(d) in the case of a public service vehicle, illuminating boards, plates or devices indicating the route or destination of the vehicle.(3) No vehicle shall carry a lamp capable of showing a light to the rear for the purpose of illuminating any device for giving signals to overtaking traffic. 93. Multi-purpose lamps and combined lamps and reflectors (1) Nothing in this Part shall require a vehicle to carry separate lamps for different purposes if it carries a lamp satisfying all the requirements which would be applicable to separate lamps carried by it for those purposes.(2) An obligatory rear lamp may be so constructed that, when not showing a light, it is an efficient red reflector for the purposes of regulation 106. 94. Restriction of movement, etc. of lamps Except as otherwise provided in these regulations, no light shown by a motor vehicle shall be capable of being swivelled, deflected or otherwise moved while the vehicle is in motion:Provided that the beam of light emitted from not more than 2 lamps showing a light to the front, other than the obligatory front lamps, fitted to any motor vehicle may be deflected to either side by the movement of, although not necessarily through the same angle as, the front wheels of the vehicle when turned for the purpose of steering the vehicle, if the centre of any such lamp is not more than 1 metre from the ground. 95. Markings of electric bulbs in front lamps and of front sealed beam lamps Every electric bulb used in a lamp, and every sealed beam lamp, being in either case a lamp showing a light to the front fitted to any motor vehicle, shall be indelibly marked with the rated wattage thereof in a readily legible manner. 96. Obligatory headlamps (1) Subject to paragraph (2), every motor vehicle shall be equipped with headlamps in accordance with the provisions of these regulations.(2) Paragraph (1) shall not apply to—(a) a pedestrian-controlled vehicle;(b) a straddle carrier;(c) an agricultural implement or agricultural tractor;(d) a road roller;(e) a vehicle so constructed as to be incapable of exceeding 10 kilometres per hour on the level under its own power; and(f) a vehicle brought temporarily into Hong Kong and used by virtue of an international circulation permit if it complies with the requirements as to lighting equipment and reflectors contained in Part II of Annex 6 to the 1968 Convention. 97. Headlamps to be carried by vehicles with 2 or 3 wheels (1) A motor vehicle which has 2 or 3 wheels shall carry—(a) one headlamp in the vertical plane passing through the longitudinal axis of the vehicle (disregarding, for the purpose of ascertaining such axis, any sidecar attached thereto) which either—(i) in the case of a motor cycle with or without a sidecar attached thereto, can only emit a dipped beam; or(ii) is wired to a device the operation of which at the will of the driver can cause to be emitted from it either a main beam or a dipped beam; or(b) a matched pair of headlamps, both headlamps in the pair being wired to a device the operation of which at the will of the driver can cause to be emitted from them at the same time either main beams or dipped beams.(2) If a beam that is emitted by a headlamp required to be carried by a motor vehicle under this regulation is derived from an electric bulb or a sealed beam lamp, the rating of the filament, or at least one of the filaments, of the electric bulb or sealed beam lamp must not be less than—(a) if the vehicle is a motor cycle (whether or not a sidecar is attached)—18 watts; and(b) in any other case—(i) for a dipped beam emitted by the headlamp—24 watts; and(ii) for a main beam emitted by the headlamp—30 watts. (L.N. 178 of 2024)(3) Where any vehicle carries a matched pair of headlamps in accordance with this regulation, each of the headlamps in the pair shall, except in the case of headlamps carried by a vehicle which is engineering plant, an industrial tractor or motor cycle with or without a sidecar attached thereto, be so positioned on one side of the vehicle that no part of its illuminated area is less than 300 millimetres from any part of the illuminated area of the other headlamp in the pair. (L.N. 95 of 1993) 98. Headlamps to be carried by vehicles with 4 or more wheels (1) Every motor vehicle which has 4 or more wheels shall carry—(a) a matched pair of headlamps, both headlamps in the pair being wired to a device the operation of which at the will of the driver can cause to be emitted from them at the same time either main beams or dipped beams; or(b) 2 or more matched pairs of headlamps, the headlamps being arranged so that—(i) they form 2 groups of headlamps, one on each side of the vertical plane passing through the longitudinal axis of the vehicle;(ii) the headlamps in one of the matched pairs, which are at least as far away from the vertical plane passing through the longitudinal axis of the vehicle as any other headlamps in another matched pair of headlamps, can each emit a dipped beam without at the same time emitting a main beam, and so that every other headlamp can emit a main beam; and(iii) all the headlamps in both groups are wired to a device the operation of which at the will of the driver can at the same time extinguish every main beam emitted by every headlamp in both groups, and cause either to be emitted or to continue to be emitted the dipped beams from the 2 headlamps in the matched pair which are at least as far away from the vertical plane passing through the longitudinal axis of the vehicle as any other headlamps in another matched pair of headlamps:Provided that in the case of a bus it shall be a sufficient compliance with this paragraph if the bus carries a matched pair of headlamps one of which can emit a dipped beam without either headlamp at the same time emitting a main beam.(2) If a main beam or dipped beam that is emitted by a headlamp required to be carried under this regulation is derived from an electric bulb or a sealed beam lamp, the rating of the filament, or at least one of the filaments, of the electric bulb or sealed beam lamp must not be less than 30 watts. (L.N. 178 of 2024)(3) Every headlamp which emits a dipped beam carried by a vehicle in accordance with this regulation shall, except in the case of a headlamp carried by a vehicle which is engineering plant or an industrial tractor, be so positioned on one side of the vehicle that—(a) no part of its illuminated area is less than 600 millimetres from any part of the illuminated area of any such headlamp on the other side; and(b) the outermost part of the illuminated area of the headlamp is not more than 400 millimetres from the outermost part of the vehicle on the side on which the headlamp is placed. 99. Single units for obligatory front and headlamps (1) In the case of a vehicle which carries one obligatory front lamp and one obligatory headlamp, such lamps may be combined so as to form a single unit.(2) In the case of a motor cycle with a sidecar attached thereto, being a vehicle which carries 2 obligatory front lamps and one obligatory headlamp, one of the obligatory front lamps may be combined with the obligatory headlamp so as to form a single unit.(3) In the case of a vehicle which carries 2 obligatory front lamps they may be combined—(a) in the case of a vehicle which has only 2 obligatory headlamps, with such lamps; or(b) with the 2 obligatory headlamps in the matched pair of headlamps which are at least as far away from the vertical plane passing through the longitudinal axis of the vehicle as any other obligatory headlamps in another matched pair of obligatory headlamps,so as to form 2 single units each comprising an obligatory headlamp and an obligatory front lamp. 100. Requirements for every obligatory headlamp Every obligatory headlamp carried by a vehicle shall comply with the following requirements—(a) it shall be securely fixed to the vehicle;(b) it shall be so constructed and maintained that the direction of the beam of light emitted therefrom can be adjusted whilst the vehicle is stationary so that the headlamp when lit emits the type of beam which it is required to be capable of emitting by this Part; and(c) it shall be kept in a clean and efficient condition. 101. Requirements for every matched pair of obligatory headlamps Every matched pair of obligatory headlamps carried by a vehicle shall comply with the following requirements—(a) both headlamps in the pair shall have the same area and shape when illuminated;(b) both headlamps in the pair shall have their wiring arranged so that—(i) if they can emit either main beams or dipped beams, the beams which they can emit can only be switched on or off together;(ii) if they can emit both main beams and dipped beams, the dipped beams can only be switched on or off together and the main beams can only be switched on or off together;(iii) if they can emit supplementary main beams, such beams can only be switched on or off together with the main beams emitted by another pair of obligatory headlamps; and(c) both headlamps in the pair shall, when lit, emit beams of light of the same colour. 102. Colour of headlamp beams Every main beam or dipped beam emitted by a headlamp or fog lamp carried by a vehicle shall be a beam of white or yellow light. 103. Obligatory rear lamps Every vehicle listed in column 1 of the Seventh Schedule shall carry obligatory rear lamps in accordance with the requirements specified in the Seventh Schedule in respect of that vehicle. 104. Character of obligatory rear lamps (1) Subject to paragraph (2), every obligatory rear lamp carried on a vehicle shall, if circular, have an illuminated area not less than 50 millimetres in diameter or, if not circular, have an illuminated area—(a) not less than the area of a circle 50 millimetres in diameter; and(b) of such a shape that a circle of 25 millimetres in diameter may be inscribed therein.(2) Every obligatory rear lamp carried on a motor cycle with a sidecar attached thereto shall, if circular, have an illuminated area of not less than 40 millimetres in diameter or, if not circular, have an illuminated area—(a) of not less than the area of a circle of 40 millimetres in diameter; and(b) of such a shape that a circle of 25 millimetres in diameter may be inscribed therein.(3) Every electric bulb used in an obligatory rear lamp carried on a vehicle shall have a rated wattage of not less than 5 watts and the rated wattage thereof shall be indelibly marked upon the glass or the metal cap thereof in a readily legible manner.(4) When 2 obligatory rear lamps are carried on a vehicle, both lamps shall when illuminated have the same appearance and the same illuminated area, and if such lamps are electrically operated, the wiring shall be so arranged that in the event of any failure of a bulb in either of the lamps the other lamp shall not thereby be extinguished. 105. Reversing lamps (1) No vehicle shall carry more than 2 reversing lamps.(2) Every reversing lamp carried on a vehicle must comply with the following requirements— (L.N. 178 of 2024)(a) it must be illuminated by electricity; (L.N. 178 of 2024)(b) it must be so constructed that it cannot be switched on otherwise than— (L.N. 178 of 2024)(i) automatically by the selection of the reverse gear of the vehicle; or(ii) by the operation of a switch by the driver of the vehicle, being a switch which serves no other purpose;(c) if the lamp is fitted with one or more electric bulbs or a sealed beam lamp—the rated wattage of the electric bulb or the total rated wattage of all the bulbs or the rated wattage of the sealed beam lamp must not exceed 24 watts; and (L.N. 178 of 2024)(d) it must be so constructed, fitted and maintained that the light emitted thereby is at all times a beam which is deflected downwards to such an extent that it is incapable of dazzling any person who is on the same horizontal plane as the vehicle at a greater distance than 8 metres from the reversing lamp and whose eye-level is not less than one metre above that plane. (L.N. 178 of 2024)(3) Where a reversing lamp is so constructed and fitted that it can be switched on by the operation of a switch by the driver of the vehicle, the vehicle shall be equipped with a device so fitted as to be readily visible to the driver at all times when in his seat and so designed as to indicate when the reversing lamp is illuminated. 106. Obligatory reflectors Every vehicle listed in column 1 of the Eighth Schedule shall be fitted with reflectors in accordance with the requirements specified in the Eighth Schedule in respect of that vehicle. 107. Character of reflectors (1) An obligatory reflector must either—(a) comply with the requirements under paragraph (2); or(b) both—(i) comply with the requirements under paragraph (2)(a)(i), (c) and (d); and(ii) conform with any specification or standard specified in paragraph (3). (L.N. 178 of 2024)(2) For the purposes of paragraph (1)(a) and (b)(i), the requirements are— (L.N. 178 of 2024)(a) the reflecting area must, if circular, be not less than 40 millimetres in diameter or, if not circular, be— (L.N. 178 of 2024)(i) not less than the area of a circle 40 millimetres in diameter; and(ii) of such a shape that a circle of 25 millimetres in diameter may be inscribed therein;(b) the reflecting area must be of such a shape as to be capable of lying wholly within a circle of 150 millimetres in diameter;(c) the reflector must be so attached to the vehicle that the reflecting area of the reflector is in a vertical position and facing squarely to the rear; and(d) the reflector must be kept clean and must be plainly visible from the rear. (L.N. 178 of 2024)(3) For the purposes of paragraph (1)(b)(ii), the specifications and standards are—(a) UN Regulation No. 3 (as amended by all revisions up to and including Supplement 12 to the 02 series of amendments on 23 June 2011);(b) UN Regulation No. 150 (as amended by all revisions up to and including Supplement 3 to the original version on 30 September 2021); and(c) any other specifications and standards that are demonstrated to the Commissioner to be substantially the same as, or more stringent than, any specification or standard specified in subparagraph (a) or (b). (L.N. 178 of 2024) 108. Front corner marker lamps (1) Subject to paragraph (4), every trailer forming part of a combination of 2 or more vehicles with a total overall length of more than 11 metres shall when on any road during the hours of darkness or poor visibility conditions carry 2 front corner marker lamps in accordance with paragraphs (2) and (3).(2) The 2 front corner marker lamps required to be carried under paragraph (1) shall be carried one on each side of the longitudinal axis of the trailer and attached to the trailer in such a position that—(a) no part of the illuminated area of either lamp is more than 1.5 metres behind the foremost part of the trailer, except that the said distance of 1.5 metres may be extended to a distance of not more than 3.5 metres behind the foremost part of the trailer if by virtue of such extension no part of the trailer to the front of either lamp has an overall width of more than half the maximum overall width of the trailer;(b) subject to paragraph (3), no part of the trailer on the same side thereof as that on which such a lamp is carried projects outwards more than 300 millimetres beyond a vertical line through the nearest part of the illuminated area of the lamp; and(c) no part of the trailer obscures the light shown by a lamp required to be carried in accordance with this regulation.(3) Where a front corner marker lamp is attached to a trailer so that—(a) its illuminated area is more than 900 millimetres but not more than 1.5 metres behind the foremost part of the trailer and no part of that area is more than 1.5 metres from the ground; and(b) no part of the trailer on the same side thereof as that on which the lamp is carried, being a part which is below a height of 1.5 metres from the ground and to the front of the illuminated area of the lamp, projects outwards more than 300 millimetres beyond a vertical line through the nearest part of that illuminated area,then the position of that lamp may be such that any other part of the trailer on that side may project outwards by not more than 500 millimetres beyond a vertical line through the nearest part of the said illuminated area.(4) Paragraph (1) shall not apply to—(a) a trailer the overall length of which does not exceed 2.25 metres; and(b) a broken down vehicle which is being towed by another vehicle in consequence of the breakdown.(5) For the purposes of this regulation, in ascertaining—(a) the overall length of a trailer, its drawbar and any fitting for the attachment thereof shall be disregarded;(b) the foremost part of a trailer, its drawbar and any fitting for the attachment thereof and the part (if any) of the trailer that is more than 1.5 metres from the ground shall be disregarded. 109. Side marker lamps (1) Subject to paragraph (2), every trailer forming part of combination of 2 or more vehicles with a total overall length of more than 11 metres shall when on any road during the hours of darkness or poor visibility conditions carry on each side of the longitudinal axis of the trailer the following side marker lamps which shall be attached to the trailer or the load, if any, carried thereby—(a) one lamp in such a position that no part of its illuminated area is more than 3 metres nor less than 2 metres from the foremost part of the front corner marker lamp required to be carried by regulation 108;(b) one lamp in such a position that no part of its illuminated area is more than 3 metres nor less than 2 metres from the rearmost part of the trailer (inclusive of the load, if any, carried); and(c) such other lamps between the lamps mentioned in subparagraphs (a) and (b) in such positions as will ensure that the distance between the nearest part of the illuminated area of any one side marker lamp and the nearest part of the illuminated area of the side marker lamp next thereto is not more than 3 metres nor less than 2 metres. (E.R. 4 of 2022)(2) Paragraph (1) shall not apply to a combination of vehicles where any vehicle in that combination is broken down and is being towed by another vehicle in consequence of the breakdown. 110. Character of front corner and side marker lamps (1) Every front corner marker lamp and side marker lamp shall be—(a) capable of being properly lighted, and kept in a clean and efficient condition;(b) when lit, visible from a reasonable distance to a person facing the lamp and in a position being on a line passing through the lamp and at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle by which it is being carried; and(c) carried so that the highest part of the illuminated area of any such lamp is not more than 1.5 metres from the ground.(2) Every front corner marker lamp and side marker lamp which is illuminated by electricity must be— (L.N. 178 of 2024)(a) subject to paragraph (3), connected to an electrical supply forming an integral part of the electrical system of the motor vehicle or trailer;(b) fitted with—(i) one or more electric bulbs that comply with the following requirements—(A) the rated wattage of the bulb or the total rated wattage of all the bulbs must not exceed 7 watts; and(B) the rated wattage of each bulb must be indelibly marked on the glass or metal cap of the bulb in a readily legible manner; or(ii) one or more LED modules the rated wattage or the total rated wattage of which does not exceed 1 watt; and (L.N. 178 of 2024)(c) fitted with frosted glass or other material which has the effect of diffusing light.(3) Paragraph (2)(a) does not apply to—(a) a front corner marker lamp or side marker lamp that is fitted with an LED module; or(b) a front corner marker lamp or side marker lamp that is carried by a trailer designed and constructed for the carriage of round timber, if the electricity illuminating that lamp is derived from a battery having a voltage of at least 3 volts. (L.N. 178 of 2024)(4) Every front corner marker lamp shall, if circular, have an illuminated area not less than 25 millimetres in diameter or, if not circular, have an illuminated area not less than the area of a circle 25 millimetres in diameter.(5) Every side marker lamp shall, if circular, have an illuminated area through which a white light is displayed and an illuminated area through which a red light is displayed in each case not less than 25 millimetres in diameter or, if not circular, have an illuminated area through which a white light is displayed and an illuminated area through which a red light is displayed in each case not less than the area of a circle 25 millimetres in diameter. 111. Amber lamps on certain vehicles (1) The Commissioner may at his discretion vary the requirements of this Part so as to permit one or more lamps showing an amber light to be carried on motor vehicles for purposes specifically permitted by the Commissioner.(2) Each lamp carried pursuant to paragraph (1) shall be so fixed to the vehicle that the centre of the lamp is at a height not less than 1.5 metres from the ground and that it is on or as near as practicable to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle.(3) The shape and size of each lamp carried pursuant to paragraph (1) shall be such that the area of the orthogonal projection on to any vertical plane of that part of the lamp through which light is emitted shall be capable of lying wholly within a rectangle having sides 225 millimetres in length.(4) Where only one lamp is carried pursuant to paragraph (1) the light shown by it shall be visible from a point on any part of a circle drawn in a horizontal plane with the lamp at the centre, and where more than one lamp is so carried the light shown by all such lamps together shall be visible from a point on any part of a circle drawn in a horizontal plane and having as its centre a point on the longitudinal axis of the vehicle.(5) When observed from any point on a circle drawn as described in paragraph (4), the light shown by any one lamp carried pursuant to paragraph (1) shall be visible not less than 60 nor more than 150 equal times per minute, and the intervals between each display of light towards that point shall be constant.(6) The light shown by each lamp carried pursuant to paragraph (1) shall be in the form of a concentrated beam or beams rotating in a substantially horizontal plane.(7) If a lamp carried pursuant to paragraph (1) is fitted with one or more electric bulbs, the rated wattage of the bulb or the total rated wattage of all the bulbs must not exceed 36 watts. (L.N. 178 of 2024)(8) No vehicle, other than a vehicle authorized under paragraph (1), shall carry a lamp similar to a lamp which, when it is showing an amber light, may be carried by a vehicle so authorized by virtue of this regulation. 112. Blue lamps for ambulance vehicles (1) The Commissioner may at his discretion permit one or more lamps showing a steady or intermittent blue light to be carried on a motor vehicle used as an ambulance.(2) No vehicle other than an ambulance permitted to carry a lamp under paragraph (1) shall carry a lamp similar to a lamp which, by virtue of this regulation, when it is showing a blue light may be carried by an ambulance. 113. Lamps for illuminating accident and breakdown scenes (1) A breakdown vehicle may carry one or more lamps showing a white light which comply with paragraph (2) for the purposes of illuminating the scene of an accident or breakdown.(2) Each lamp referred to in paragraph (1) shall be so constructed, fitted and maintained that no part of its illuminated area is less than 1.5 metres from the ground. 114. Direction indicators (1) Subject to paragraph (2)—(a) every motor vehicle shall be fitted with direction indicators in accordance with the provisions of Part I, Part II or Part III of the Ninth Schedule;(b) every trailer shall be fitted with direction indicators in accordance with the provisions of Part III or Part V of the Ninth Schedule except that if it is towed by a motor vehicle fitted with direction indicators in accordance with Part III of the said Schedule it shall be fitted with direction indicators in accordance with that Part.(2) This regulation shall not apply to—(a) an industrial tractor, a land tractor or a pedestrian-controlled vehicle;(b) a motor cycle; and(c) a trailer—(i) which is towed by a motor vehicle not required to be fitted with direction indicators in accordance with this regulation;(ii) the dimensions of which are such that when the longitudinal axis of the trailer lies in the same vertical plane as the longitudinal axis of the towing vehicle both rear or both side direction indicators on that vehicle are visible to an observer in that vertical plane, from a point 6 metres behind the rear of the trailer whether it is loaded or not; or(iii) which is a broken down motor vehicle or forms part of a broken down articulated vehicle or which tows another trailer behind it. 115. Stop lamps (1) Subject to paragraph (2), every motor cycle and invalid carriage shall be fitted with one stop lamp, and every other motor vehicle and trailer shall be fitted with 2 stop lamps.(2) Nothing in paragraph (1) shall require any vehicle specified in Part I of the Tenth Schedule to carry any stop lamp.(3) Every stop lamp fitted to any motor vehicle or trailer pursuant to paragraph (1) shall comply with the requirements set out in Part II of the Tenth Schedule.(4) No vehicle shall be fitted with stop lights, additional stop lights or other lights connected so as to be illuminated upon application of the brakes, that do not comply with this regulation. 116. Maintenance of direction indicators and stop lamps Every direction indicator and every stop lamp fitted to a motor vehicle or trailer shall at all times while the vehicle is used on a road be maintained in a clean and efficient condition. 117. Hazard warning device (1) Subject to paragraph (2), a motor vehicle may be fitted with a hazard warning device so as to operate simultaneously—(a) one or more direction indicators on both sides of the motor vehicle; or(b) those indicators and one or more direction indicators on both sides of any trailer being towed by the motor vehicle.(2) A hazard warning device fitted in accordance with paragraph (1) shall—(a) include a warning light capable of indicating to the driver of the motor vehicle when the device is being operated; and(b) be capable of being actuated by a switch controlling only that device.(3) No device other than a hazard warning device complying with this regulation shall be fitted to a motor vehicle for the purpose of operating direction indicators in the manner referred to in paragraph (1). 117A. Obligatory hazard warning device (1) Subject to paragraph (2), every motor vehicle registered on or after 1 January 1988 shall be fitted with a hazard warning device that—(a) operates simultaneously one or more direction indicators on each side of the motor vehicle;(b) includes a warning light capable of indicating to the driver of the motor vehicle when the device is being operated; and(c) is capable of being actuated by a switch controlling only that device.(2) This regulation shall not apply to an industrial tractor, a land tractor, a pedestrian-controlled vehicle or a motor cycle.(L.N. 225 of 1987) Part VIII Rear Markings 118. Application This Part applies to every—(a) goods vehicle the permitted gross vehicle weight of which exceeds 5.5 tonnes; and(b) trailer the unladen weight of which exceeds 1 tonne. 119. Fitting of rear markings (1) Every—(a) goods vehicle to which this Part applies, being a goods vehicle the overall length of which does not exceed 13 metres; and(b) trailer to which this Part applies, if it forms part of a combination of 2 or more vehicles the total overall length of which does not exceed 13 metres,shall be fitted with a rear marking of the type shown in Diagram 1 or 2 in Part I of the Eleventh Schedule except that where any such goods vehicle or trailer is so constructed at the rear that it is impracticable for that marking to be fitted in accordance with Part III of the Eleventh Schedule, a rear marking of the type shown in Diagram 3 in Part I of the Eleventh Schedule may be fitted instead.(2) Every—(a) goods vehicle to which this Part applies, being a goods vehicle the overall length of which exceeds 13 metres; and(b) trailer to which this Part applies, if it forms part of a combination of 2 or more vehicles the total overall length of which exceeds 13 metres,shall be fitted with a rear marking of the type shown in Diagram 4 or 5 in Part I of the Eleventh Schedule.(3) A rear marking fitted to a vehicle in pursuance of this regulation shall—(a) be of the size and colour shown in the diagram relating to the marking set out in Part I of the Eleventh Schedule subject, however, to the provisions of Part II of that Schedule; and(b) be so fitted as to comply with such of the provisions set out in Part III of that Schedule as relate thereto. 120. Alternative provision for fitting of rear markings (1) This regulation applies to a vehicle which is for the time being carrying a load which so projects to the rear of the vehicle that if any rear marking were to be fitted in accordance with regulation 119, the marking would be so obscured by the load as not to be clearly visible within a reasonable distance to the rear of the vehicle.(2) A vehicle to which this regulation applies need not be fitted with a rear marking in accordance with regulation 119, if the marking required or authorized by that regulation to be fitted to the vehicle is instead fitted to the load it is carrying.(3) In relation to a rear marking fitted to such a load in the course of being carried, the provisions of Part III of the Eleventh Schedule shall apply to that marking, subject to the following modifications—(a) in paragraphs 1, 2, 5 and 6 of that Part for any reference to the vehicle there shall be substituted a reference to the load; and(b) in the said paragraph 6, for the words from “except while” to the end of that paragraph there shall be substituted the words “except while the load is being mounted on or removed from the vehicle.”. Part IX Miscellaneous (Format changes—E.R. 2 of 2012) 120AA. Authorized installer (1) In this regulation— applicable provision (適用條文)— (L.N. 163 of 2025) (a) in relation to an approved speed limiter, means regulation 24B; (b) in relation to an approved EDRD, means regulation 24C; and (c) in relation to a journey recording system, means Part IIIA; (L.N. 163 of 2025) approved device (認可設備) means— (a) an approved speed limiter; (L.N. 163 of 2025) (b) an approved EDRD; or (L.N. 163 of 2025) (c) a journey recording system; (L.N. 163 of 2025) authorized installer (獲授權安裝人) means a person authorized under paragraph (2); (L.N. 163 of 2025)journey recording system (行車記錄系統)—see regulation 78D. (L.N. 163 of 2025)(2) The Commissioner may authorize any person in writing to install an approved device for the purposes of an applicable provision and may impose any conditions in respect of the authorization that the Commissioner thinks fit.(3) If it appears to the Commissioner that—(a) an authorized installer has contravened any of the conditions imposed in respect of the authorization;

or(b) an authorized installer has ceased to carry on business or is being wound up, the Commissioner may serve a notice in writing on the installer.(4) A notice served under paragraph (3) must—(a) state the Commissioner’s intention to revoke the authorization and the ground for the intention; and(b) state that the installer may show cause in writing, within 28 days after the service of the notice, why the authorization should not be revoked.(5) If after a notice is served on an authorized installer under paragraph (3)—(a) the installer does not show cause in writing why the authorization should not be revoked within the period specified in paragraph (4)(b); or(b) the Commissioner, having considered any representations made by the installer, is of the opinion that the installer has not shown good cause why the authorization should not be revoked, the Commissioner may, by notice in writing served on the installer, revoke the authorization with effect from the date specified in the notice, being a date later than 14 days after the service of the notice.(6) An authorized installer aggrieved by a decision of the Commissioner under paragraph (5) may appeal to a Transport Tribunal against the decision within 14 days after the service of the notice of the decision.(7) If a decision of the Commissioner is appealed against under paragraph (6)—(a) a Transport Tribunal may on the appeal affirm, amend or reverse the decision; and(b) the decision does not have effect pending the determination of the appeal.(8) Despite paragraph (5)—(a) if the Commissioner gives an authorized installer not less than 14 days’ notice in writing of termination, the authorization of the installer is terminated on the expiry of the period of the notice; or(b) if an authorized installer gives the Commissioner notice in writing specifying a date of termination of authorization, the authorization of the installer is terminated on the date specified.(9) A notice under paragraph (8)(a) may only be given when an approved device is no longer required to be fitted under these Regulations and may only terminate an authorization in respect of the installation of that device.(6 of 2012 s. 13) 120A. Fees Unless otherwise specifically provided, the fee for any permit or permission in writing issued under these regulations shall be $110.(L.N. 258 of 1984; L.N. 522 of 1996; L.N. 30 of 1998; L.N. 143 of 1998) 121. Offences (1) Subject to the provisions of these regulations, any person who uses or causes or permits to be used on any road any vehicle which does not comply in all respects with the provisions of these regulations commits an offence and is liable to a fine at level 3 and to imprisonment for 6 months. (L.N. 134 of 1991; 80 of 1997 s. 102)(2) Any person who contravenes or fails to comply with any requirement under these regulations commits an offence and is liable to a fine at level 3 and to imprisonment for 6 months.(3) Any person who uses or suffers or permits to be used to ply for hire or for the carriage of passengers for hire or reward on any road, any taxi on which—(a) the stamp or seal of the Commissioner on the taximeter has been broken;(b) the taximeter has not been stamped and sealed by the Commissioner within the previous 6 months;(c) the wheel of the taxi by which the taximeter is driven is, with fully inflated tyre thereon, of a diameter different from that for which the taximeter has been designed, geared and tested or that marked on the taximeter;(d) the taximeter was affixed thereon without the prior approval of the Commissioner; (L.N. 148 of 1997)(e) the taximeter does not comply in every way with the provisions of these regulations; or (L.N. 148 of 1997)(f) a receipt printing device is not installed in accordance with regulation 42A, (L.N. 148 of 1997) commits an offence and is liable to a fine at level 3 and to imprisonment for 6 months.(4) Any person who without lawful excuse defaces, damages or alters any taximeter commits an offence and is liable— (34 of 2023 s. 50)(a) on a first conviction—to a fine at level 3 and to imprisonment for 6 months; and(b) on a subsequent conviction—to a fine at level 4 and to imprisonment for 12 months. (34 of 2023 s. 50)(5) Any person who without lawful authority or reasonable excuse wilfully—(a) interferes with the proper operation of any part of a fitted speed limiter; or(b) alters the set speed with which a fitted speed limiter is calibrated to a value that does not comply with regulation 24B(5), commits an offence and is liable to a fine at level 3 and to imprisonment for 6 months. (6 of 2012 s. 14)(6) Any person who without lawful authority or reasonable excuse wilfully—(a) interferes with the proper operation of any part of a fitted EDRD;(b) alters the over-speed threshold stored in a fitted EDRD to a value that does not comply with regulation 24C(6);(c) removes a fitted EDRD from the motor vehicle; or(d) falsifies, suppresses or destroys any data stored in a fitted EDRD, whether or not the EDRD has been removed from the motor vehicle, commits an offence and is liable to a fine at level 3 and to imprisonment for 6 months. (6 of 2012 s. 14)(E.R. 4 of 2022) 122. Transitional provisions (1) Every vehicle registered or licensed immediately before the date on which regulations 12, 16, 17, 20, 26, 28, 29, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 76, 77 and 115 and the Tenth Schedule come into operation* shall be exempt from complying with those regulations for a period of 5 years after such date so long as it continues to comply with any corresponding provision in the Road Traffic (Construction and Use) Regulations (Cap. 220 sub. leg.) (hereinafter in this regulation referred to as the revoked regulations) revoked by regulation 123 of these regulations, which is reproduced in Part I of the Twelfth Schedule as if those regulations had continued in force for that period. (E.R. 4 of 2022)(1A) Every goods vehicle registered or licensed immediately before the date on which regulation 79 comes into operation* shall be exempt from complying with the requirement in paragraph (1) of that regulation as regards the painting or making of the maximum permitted axle weight on the vehicle for a period of 3 years after such date. (L.N. 258 of 1984)(1B) Every trailer licensed immediately before the date on which regulation 82 comes into operation* shall be exempt from complying with the requirement in paragraph (1) of that regulation as regards the painting or marking of the maximum permitted axle weight on the trailer for a period of 3 years after such date. (L.N. 258 of 1984)(1C) Every vehicle to which regulation 40A or 40B applies, and which was registered or licensed immediately before the commencement^ of those regulations shall be exempted from complying with those regulations for a period of 3 years after the commencement of those regulations. (L.N. 203 of 1990)(1D) Every private light bus to which regulation 51A applies, and which was registered immediately before the commencement# of the Road Traffic (Construction and Maintenance of Vehicles) (Amendment) Regulation 1995 (L.N. 231 of 1995) shall be exempted from complying with the requirement in paragraph (1) of that regulation for a period of 1 year after that commencement. (L.N. 231 of 1995)(2) Every goods vehicle registered and trailer licensed immediately before the date on which Part VIII of these regulations comes into operation* shall be exempt from complying with that Part for a period of 5 years after such date.(3) Every taximeter lawfully in use immediately before the date on which regulations 41, 42, 43 and 44 come into operation* shall be exempt from complying with those regulations for a period of 5 years after such date so long as it continues to comply with the corresponding provision in the Road Traffic (Public Service Vehicles) Regulations revoked by regulation 60 of the Road Traffic (Public Service Vehicles) Regulations (Cap. 374 sub. leg. D), which is reproduced in Part II of the Twelfth Schedule, as if those regulations had continued in force for that period.(3A) A taxi which is, immediately before the commencement@ of the Road Traffic (Construction and Maintenance of Vehicles) (Amendment) (No. 2) Regulation 1997 (L.N. 148 of 1997), registered shall be exempt from complying with regulation 42A at any time before—(a) the taxi is since such commencement next required to be produced for examination under section 78 of the Ordinance; or(b) 20 June 1998,whichever is the earlier. (L.N. 148 of 1997)(4) Any permit given under regulation 11, 36(2), 92, 93, 94, 95 or 96(3) of the revoked regulations subsisting or in force immediately before the date on which regulation 123 comes into operation*, shall not be invalidated by the revocation effected by regulation 123 but shall be deemed to be an exemption granted under regulation 4 of these regulations.(5) The engine of every motor vehicle which immediately before the date on which regulation 32(1) comes into operation* complied with regulation 27A(1) of the revoked regulations, shall be deemed to comply with regulation 32(1) of these regulations.(6) Without prejudice to any other provision of these regulations, insofar as any exemption, permit, approval, specification or determination granted, given or made under the revoked regulations could have been granted, given or made under a corresponding provision of these regulations, it shall not be invalidated by the revocation effected by regulation 123 of these regulations but shall, insofar as it is subsisting or in force at the coming into operation* of regulation 123, have effect as if granted, given or made under that corresponding provision.(E.R. 2 of 2012) Editorial Note: * Operation date: 25 August 1984. ^ Commencement date: 1 July 1990. # Commencement date: 1 August 1995. @ Commencement date: 20 June 1997. 123. (Omitted as spent—E.R. 2 of 2012) First Schedule [regs. 6 & 40D] (L.N. 178 of 2024)Overall Dimensions of Vehicles Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Vehicle OverallLength OverallWidth OverallHeight Private Car 6.3 metres 2.3 metres 2.0 metres Taxi 6.3 metres 2.3 metres 2.0 metres Invalid Carriage 6.3 metres 2.3 metres 2.0 metres Light Bus 7.5 metres 2.3 metres 3.0 metres Bus Single-decked 12.0 metres 2.5 metres 4.0 metres Double-decked 12.0 metres 2.5 metres 4.6 metres Articulated 15.0 metres 2.5 metres 3.5 metres Light Goods Vehicle 10.0 metres 2.5 metres 3.5 metres Medium Goods Vehicle 11.0 metres 2.5 metres 4.6 metres Heavy Goods Vehicle Rigid 11.0 metres 2.5 metres 4.6 metres Articulated 16.0 metres 2.5 metres 4.6 metres Special Purpose Vehicle 12.0 metres 2.5 metres 4.6 metres Tricycle — 1.1 metres — Trailer 13.5 metres 2.5 metres 4.6 metres Pedestrian-controlled Vehicle 4.3 metres 1.6 metres — (L.N. 39 of 2020; L.N. 178 of 2024) Second Schedule [reg. 7] For the purposes of this Schedule the distance between any two axles shall be obtained by measuring the shortest distance between the line joining the centres of the areas of contact with the road surface of the wheels of one axle and the line joining the centres of the areas of contact with the road surface of the wheels of the other relevant axle. Part I Maximum Weight of Vehicles(Subject to Parts II, III, IV, V and VI) Column 1 Column 2 Class of Vehicle MaximumGross Vehicle Weight Private Car 3.0 tonnes Taxi 3.0 tonnes Invalid Carriage 3.0 tonnes Light Bus 8.5 tonnes Bus 24 tonnes Light Goods Vehicle 5.5 tonnes Medium Goods Vehicle 24 tonnes Heavy Goods Vehicle 38 tonnes Motor Cycle 500 kilograms Motor Tricycle 600 kilograms Trailer 38 tonnes (L.N. 146 of 1990; 19 of 2004 s. 5; L.N. 39 of 2020) Part II Maximum Weights for Rigid Vehicles Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Class of Rigid Vehicle Wheel SpanMeasurement MaximumGrossVehicle Weight Metres 2 axled vehicle Less than 2.65 14 tonnes At least 2.65 16 tonnes 3 axled vehicle Less than 3.00 16 tonnes At least 3.00 18 tonnes At least 3.20 20 tonnes At least 3.90 22 tonnes At least 4.90 24 tonnes 4 axled vehicle Less than 3.70 18 tonnes At least 3.70 20 tonnes At least 4.60 22 tonnes At least 4.70 24 tonnes At least 5.60 26 tonnes At least 5.90 28 tonnes At least 6.30 30 tonnes Part III Maximum Weights for Articulated Vehicles Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Class of Motor Vehicle Wheel SpanMeasurement MaximumGrossVehicle Weight Metres 2 axled motor vehicle Less than 2.4 At least 2.4 14 tonnes 16 tonnes 3 axled motor vehicle Less than 3.0 At least 3.0 At least 3.8 At least 4.3 18 tonnes 20 tonnes 22 tonnes 24 tonnes Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Class of Semi-trailer Distance between 2 closely spaced axles Maximum Gross Axle Weight for2 closely spaced axles Metres 2 axled semi-trailer Less than 1.02 At least 1.02 At least 1.05 At least 1.20 At least 1.50 At least 1.85 11 tonnes 16 tonnes 17 tonnes 18 tonnes 19 tonnes 20 tonnes Distance betweenouter axles of 3 closely spaced axles Maximum Gross Axle Weight for 3 closely spaced axles Metres 3 axled semi-trailer Less than 1.40 At least 1.40 At least 1.50 At least 2.00 At least 2.55 At least 2.70 10.5 tonnes 12 tonnes 18 tonnes 19.5 tonnes 21 tonnes 22.5 tonnes In this Part and regulation 7(3)—2 closely spaced axles (2條近距車軸) means axles that are spaced at a distance apart of not more than 2.5 metres and not less than 1 metre; (E.R. 4 of 2022)3 closely spaced axles (3條近距車軸) means the outermost axles that are spaced at a distance apart of 3.25 metres or less. (L.N. 242 of 1985) Part IV Maximum Combined Weights for Articulated Vehicles Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Type of Combinationof Articulated Vehicle Inner AxleSpacing MaximumGross CombinedWeight Metres 2 axled motor vehicle with 1 axled trailer Less than 2.1 At least 2.1 At least 3.1 20 tonnes 22 tonnes 24 tonnes 2 axled motor vehicle with 2 axled trailer Less than 2.9 At least 2.9 At least 3.1 At least 3.6 At least 4.0 24 tonnes 26 tonnes 29 tonnes 32 tonnes 34 tonnes 2 axled motor vehicle with 3 or more axled trailer At least 4.2 38 tonnes 3 or more axled motor vehicle with 1 axled trailer Less than 2.0 At least 2.0 At least 2.7 At least 3.0 At least 4.0 At least 4.4 22 tonnes 24 tonnes 26 tonnes 28 tonnes 30 tonnes 32 tonnes 3 or more axled motor vehicle with 2 or more axled trailer Less than 2.0 At least 2.0 At least 2.3 At least 3.2 At least 4.0 24 tonnes 26 tonnes 30 tonnes 34 tonnes 38 tonnes 3 or more axled motor vehicle with 3 or more axled trailer (L.N. 146 of 1990) At least 4.7 At least 5.2 At least 5.7 40 tonnes 42 tonnes 44 tonnes In this Part—inner axle spacing (內軸距) means the distance between the rearmost axle of a motor vehicle and the foremost axle of the trailer towed thereby. Part V Maximum Weights for 2 Closely Spaced Axles of Vehicles Column 1 Column 2 Distance between 2 closelyspaced axles Maximum Axle Weight forany one axle Metres Less than 1.02 At least 1.02 At least 1.05 At least 1.20 At least 1.50 At least 1.85 5.5 tonnes 8 tonnes 8.5 tonnes 9 tonnes 9.5 tonnes 10 tonnes In this Part and regulation 7(5), 2 closely spaced axles (2條近距車軸) means axles that are spaced at a distance apart of not more than 2.5 metres and not less than 1 metre. Part VI Maximum Weights for 3 Closely Spaced Axles of Vehicles Column 1 Column 2 Distance between outer axlesof 3 closely spaced axles Maximum Axle Weight forany one axle Metres Less than 1.40 At least 1.40 At least 1.50 At least 2.00 At least 2.55 At least 2.70 3.5 tonnes 4 tonnes 6 tonnes 6.5 tonnes 7 tonnes 7.5 tonnes In this Part and regulation 7(6), 3 closely spaced axles (3條近距車軸) means the outermost axles that are spaced at a distance apart of 3.25 metres or less. (L.N. 242 of 1985) Third Schedule [reg. 27]Maximum Passenger Seating Capacity Class of Vehicle Passengerseating capacity Private Car 7 Taxi 6 Light Bus 19 Light Goods Vehicle 5 Medium Goods Vehicle 5 Heavy Goods Vehicle 5 Motor Cycle 1 Motor Cycle (with sidecar) 2 Motor Tricycle 1 (89 of 1988 s. 8; 10 of 2017 s. 10; 34 of 2023 s. 47) Fourth Schedule [regs. 31 & 31A] Part I Maximum Permitted Smoke or Visible Vapour Emissions from Motor Vehicles Column 1 Column 2 Maximum permitted smokeor visible vapour level (Hartridge Smoke Units) Maximum permitted smoke orvisible vapour level in absoluteunits of light absorption (m-1) (a) Motor vehicles having a permitted gross vehicle weight exceeding 5.5 tonnes and manufactured before 1 January 1990 60 (a) Motor vehicles having a permitted gross vehicle weight exceeding 5.5 tonnes and manufactured before 1 January 1990 2.13 (b) All other motor vehicles 50 (b) All other motor vehicles 1.61 (L.N. 150 of 2007) Part II Standards for Exhaust Emissions from Motor Vehicles Equipped with Positive-Ignition Engine and Using Unleaded Petrol as Fuel Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Date of manufacture Measurement procedures Emission standards Between 1 January 1975 and 31 December 1986 (both dates inclusive) As specified in item 8.2.1(a) of Annex II of the Council Directive 96/96 EC made by the Council of the European Union (a) carbon monoxide level at idle is not to exceed the maximum permissible level specified by the vehicle manufacturer and which is available to the Authority; or (b) where the specified level is not available to the Authority, carbon monoxide level at idle is not to exceed 4.5% vol. Between 1 January 1987 and 31 December 1991 (both dates inclusive) As specified in item 8.2.1(a) of Annex II of the Council Directive 96/96 EC made by the Council of the European Union (a) carbon monoxide level at idle is not to exceed the maximum permissible level specified by the vehicle manufacturer and which is available to the Authority; or (b) where the specified level is not available to the Authority, carbon monoxide level at idle is not to exceed 3.5% vol. On or after 1 January 1992 As specified in item 8.2.1(b) of Annex II of the Council Directive 96/96 EC made by the Council of the European Union (a) carbon monoxide level at idle is not to exceed the maximum permissible level specified by the vehicle manufacturer and which is available to the Authority; or (b) where the specified level is not available to the Authority— (i) at idle, carbon monoxide level is not to exceed 0.5% vol.; and (ii) at high idle1, carbon monoxide level is not to exceed 0.3% vol. and Lambda2 is not to exceed 1 ± 0.03 Part III Standards for Exhaust Emissions from Motor Vehicles Equipped with Positive-Ignition Engine and Using Liquefied Petroleum Gas as Fuel Column 1 Column 2 Measurement procedure Emission standards As specified in item 4-21-1 of Chapter 11-2 of the Automobile Type Approval Handbook for Japanese Certification, October 1997, Technical Edition II by the Japan Automobile Standards Internationalization Center (L.N. 147 of 2002) Carbon monoxide level is not to exceed 1.0% vol.; and Hydrocarbons are not to exceed 300ppm vol. as normal-hexane equivalent Note: 1. At high idle, the speed of engine must not be less than 2000 rev/min. 2. Lambda is the quantity of intake air divided by the theoretical air requirement of the engine. (Fourth Schedule replaced L.N. 160 of 2000) Fifth Schedule (Repealed L.N. 134 of 1991) Sixth Schedule [reg. 46]Plates on Taxis Part I Number to be Altered to Comply with Seating Capacity of Vehicle Part II Provisions relating to Plates 1. The plate referred to in regulation 46 shall be indelibly coloured white on a green surface. 2. No letter or figure shall be capable of being detached from such surface, provided that it shall not be an infringement of these regulations if the letters or figures are made separately and either welded or firmly rivetted on to such surface. If the letters and figures are exhibited on a flat plate, the plate may be constructed of cast or pressed metal having raised letters. 3. Subject to the provisions of regulation 46 every such plate shall be affixed to the vehicle to the satisfaction of the Commissioner. 4. All letters on any such plate must be 25 millimetres high, every part of every letter must be 5 millimetres broad and the total width of the space taken by every letter, except in the case of the letter “I”, must be 25 millimetres. (E.R. 4 of 2022) 5. The figures shown upon the plate shall be the seating capacity as shown in the registration document in respect of the vehicle, and every such figure shall be 56 millimetres high and 38 millimetres broad. 6. Every such plate shall be exhibited on the front and on the back of the vehicle so that every letter and figure thereon is easily distinguishable, in the case of a plate placed on the front of the vehicle, from in front of the vehicle, and in the case of a plate placed on the back of the vehicle, from behind the vehicle. 7. No other figures or letters and no design, advertisement or ornamentation shall be placed near any such plate in such a manner as to be likely to render it more difficult to read or distinguish the words or figure thereon when the vehicle is in motion. Schedule 6A [reg. 88B]Specifications and Standards for Lamps and Direction Indicators with LED Modules Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Item Lamp or direction indicator Provision Specification or standard 1. Obligatory front lamp Regulation 89 1. UN Regulation No. 7 (as amended by all revisions up to and including Supplement 23 to the 02 series of amendments on 9 October 2014) (UN Regulation No. 7) 2. UN Regulation No. 148 (as amended by all revisions up to and including Supplement 3 to the original version on 30 September 2021) (UN Regulation No. 148) 2. Headlamp carried by vehicles with 2 or 3 wheels Regulation 97 1. UN Regulation No. 112 (as amended by all revisions up to and including Supplement 12 to the original version on 19 August 2010) 2. UN Regulation No. 113 (as amended by all revisions up to and including Supplement 3 to the 01 series of amendments on 9 October 2014) 3. UN Regulation No. 149 (as amended by all revisions up to and including Supplement 3 to the original version on 30 September 2021) (UN Regulation No. 149) 3. Headlamps carried by vehicles with 4 or more wheels Regulation 98 1. UN Regulation No. 112 (as amended by all revisions up to and including Supplement 4 to the 01 series of amendments on 15 July 2013) 2. UN Regulation No. 123 (as amended by all revisions up to and including Supplement 9 to the 01 series of amendments on 10 February 2018) 3. UN Regulation No. 149 4. Obligatory rear lamp Regulation 103 1. UN Regulation No. 7 2. UN Regulation No. 148 5. Reversing lamp Regulation 105 1. UN Regulation No. 23 (as amended by all revisions up to and including Supplement 19 to the original version on 15 July 2013) 2. UN Regulation No. 148 6. Amber lamp Regulation 111 UN Regulation No. 65 (as amended by all revisions up to and including Supplement 7 to the original version on 23 June 2011) 7. Direction indicator Regulation 114 1. UN Regulation No. 6 (as amended by all revisions up to and including Supplement 25 to the 01 series of amendments on 9 October 2014) 2. UN Regulation No. 148 8. Stop lamp Regulation 115 1. UN Regulation No. 7 2. UN Regulation No. 148 (Schedule 6A added L.N. 178 of 2024) Seventh Schedule [reg. 103]Requirements as to the Number and Position on Vehicles of Obligatory Rear Lamps 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Descriptionofvehicle Numberof rearlamps Lateral positionof rear lamp Longitudinal position ofrear lamp Maximum height from ground of highest part of illuminated area of rear lamp Minimum height from ground of lowest part of illuminated area of rear lamp Varying oradditionalprovisions 1. (Repealed L.N. 258 of 1984) 2. Motor cycles, without sidecar attached, and invalid carriages 1 On centre line or off side of vehicle Not more than 500 millimetres from extreme rear of vehicle 1.1 metres 380 millimetres 3. Motor cycles, with sidecar attached and motor tricycles 2 One lamp on centre line or off side of motor cycle; and one lamp on centre line or near side of sidecar, no part of the sidecar or its equipment to extend laterally on the near side more than 400 millimetres beyond the nearest part of the illuminated area of the lamp Lamp on motor cycle not more than 500 millimetres from extreme rear of motor cycle; lamp on sidecar not more than 760 millimetres from extreme rear of sidecar 1.1 metres 380 millimetres 4. Buses 2 One lamp on each side of longitudinal axis; no part of the illuminated area of one lamp to be less than 530 millimetres from any part of the illuminated area of the other lamp, and no part of the vehicle or equipment to extend laterally on the same side as the lamp more than 600 millimetres from the nearest part of the illuminated area of the lamp Not more than 760 millimetres from extreme rear of vehicle 2.4 metres 380 millimetres 5. Heavy goods vehicles, special purpose vehicles or goods- carrying trailers other than engineering plant 2 One lamp on each side of longitudinal axis; no part of the illuminated area of one lamp to be less than 530 millimetres from any part of the illuminated area of the other lamp, and no part of the vehicle or its equipment to extend laterally on the same side as the lamp more than 760 millimetres from the nearest part of the illuminated area of the lamp Not more than 1.1 metres from extreme rear of vehicle 1.5 metres or, if the bodywork of the vehicle makes it impossible for the maximum height to be within 1.5 metres, 2.1 metres 380 millimetres 1. Height from ground of highest part of illuminated area of each lamp to be the same 2. In relation to a vehicle fitted with a movable platform, in determining the position of the rear lamps no account shall be taken of the special equipment of the vehicle 3. In relation to a vehicle being a mobile crane with a jib projecting to the rear of the vehicle, if an additional lamp showing to the rear a red light visible from a reasonable distance is carried not more than 300 millimetres from the rearmost point of the jib, column 4 shall have effect as though the jib were not part of the vehicle 4. In relation to a vehicle designed and constructed for carriage of round timber, if an additional lamp showing to the rear a red light visible from a reasonable distance is carried not more than 300 millimetres from the rearmost point of the vehicle, column 4 shall have effect as though “2.7 metres” were substituted for “1.1 metres” 5. In relation to a goods vehicle or a goods-carrying trailer specially designed and constructed for the primary purpose of moving excavated material and fitted with a tipping body, moving platform or other similar device for discharging its load, column 5 shall have effect as though “1.4 metres” were substituted for “1.1 metres” 6. Trailers other than goods-carrying trailers 2 One lamp on each side of longitudinal axis; no part of the illuminated area of one lamp to be less than 530 millimetres from any part of the illuminated area of the other lamp and no part of the vehicle or its equipment to extend laterally on the same side as the lamp more than 760 millimetres from the nearest part of the illuminated area of the lamp Not more than 1.1 metres from extreme rear of vehicle 1.5 metres None Height from ground of highest part of illuminated area of each lamp to be the same 7. Private cars, taxis, light buses, goods vehicles other than heavy goods vehicles, and any other motor vehicles not included in any of the foregoing provisions of this Schedule (other than engineering plant and agricultural implements) 2 One lamp on each side of longitudinal axis; no part of the vehicle or its equipment to extend laterally on the same side as the lamp more than 400 millimetres from the nearest part of the illuminated area of the lamp Not more than 760 millimetres from extreme rear of vehicle 1.5 metres or, if the bodywork of the vehicle makes it impossible for the maximum height to be within 1.5 metres, 2.1 metres 380 millimetres 1. Height from ground of highest part of illuminated area of each lamp to be the same 2. In relation to a vehicle fitted with a movable platform, in determining the position of the rear lamps no account shall be taken of the special equipment of the vehicle 8. Engineering plant and agricultural implements, not being horse-drawn vehicles or pedestrian controlled vehicles 2 One lamp on each side of longitudinal axis; no part of the vehicle or its equipment to extend laterally on the same side as the lamp more than 400 millimetres from the nearest part of the illuminated area of the lamp Not more than 1.4 metres from extreme rear of vehicle 1.9 metres None If an additional lamp showing to the rear a red light visible from a reasonable distance is carried not more than 300 millimetres from the rearmost point of the vehicle and at a height of not more than 1.9 metres from the ground, column 4 shall have effect as though “2.7 metres” were substituted for “1.4 metres” (L.N. 258 of 1984; L.N. 178 of 2024) Eighth Schedule [reg. 106]Requirements as to the Number and Position on Vehicles of Obligatory Reflectors 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Description of vehicle Number of reflectors Lateral positionof reflector Longitudinal position of reflector Maximum height from ground of highest part of reflecting area of reflector Minimum height from ground of lowest part of reflecting area of reflector Varying oradditionalprovisions 1. Cycles, tricycles and invalid carriages 1 On centre line or off side of cycle Not more than 500 millimetres from the extreme rear of the cycle 1.1 metres 380 millimetres In relation to a cycle having no wheel of which the outside diameter (including any tyre when fully inflated) exceeds 450 millimetres column 6 shall have effect as though “300 millimetres” were substituted for “380 millimetres” 2. Motor cycles without sidecar attached 1 On centre line or off side of vehicle Not more than 500 millimetres from extreme rear of vehicle 1.1 metres 380 millimetres 3. Motorcycles, with sidecar attached and motor tricycles 2 One reflector on centre line or off side of motor cycle; and one reflector on centre line or near side of sidecar, no part of the sidecar or its equipment to extend laterally on the near side more than 400 millimetres beyond the nearest part of the reflecting area of the reflector Reflector on motor cycle not more than 500 millimetres from extreme rear of motor cycle; reflector on sidecar not more than 760 millimetres from extreme rear of sidecar 1.1 metres 380 millimetres Height from ground of highest part of reflecting area of each reflector to be the same 4. Buses 2 One reflector on each side of longitudinal axis; no part of the reflecting area of one reflector to be less than 530 millimetres from any part of the reflecting area of the other reflector, and no part of the vehicle or its equipment to extend laterally on the same side as the reflector more than 600 millimetres from the nearest part of the reflecting area of the reflector Not more than 760 millimetres from extreme rear of vehicle 2.4 metres 380 millimetres Height from ground of highest part of reflecting area of each reflector to be the same 5. Heavy goods vehicles, special purpose vehicles or goods-carrying trailers, other than engineering plant 2 One reflector on each side of longitudinal axis; no part of the reflecting area of one reflector to be less than 530 millimetres from any part of the reflecting area of the other reflector, and no part of the vehicle or its equipment to extend laterally on the same side as the reflector more than 400 millimetres from the nearest part of the reflecting area of the reflector Not more than 760 millimetres from extreme rear of vehicle 1.5 metres or, if the bodywork of the vehicle makes it impossible for the maximum height to be within 1.5 metres, 2.1 metres 380 millimetres 1.2. Height from ground of highest part of reflecting area of each reflector to be the sameIn relation to a vehicle fitted with a movable platform, in determining the position of the obligatory reflectors no account shall be taken of the special equipment of the vehicle 3. In relation to a vehicle being a mobile crane with a jib projecting to the rear of the vehicle, if an additional lamp showing to the rear a red light visible from a reasonable distance is carried not more than 300 millimetres from the rearmost point of the jib, column 4 shall have effect as though the jib were not part of the vehicle 4. In relation to a vehicle designed and constructed for carriage of round timber, if an additional lamp showing to the rear a red light visible from a reasonable distance is carried not more than 300 millimetres from the rearmost point of the vehicle, column 3 shall have effect as though “760 millimetres” were substituted for “400 millimetres” and column 4 shall have effect as though “2.7 metres” were substituted for “760 millimetres” 6. Trailers other than goods- carrying trailers 2 One reflector on each side of longitudinal axis; no part of the reflecting area of one reflector to be less than 530 millimetres from any part of the reflecting area of the other reflector, and no part of the vehicle or its equipment to extend laterally on the same side as the reflector more than 400 millimetres from the nearest part of the reflecting area of the reflector Not more than 760 millimetres from extreme rear of vehicle 1.5 metres None Height from ground of highest part of reflecting area of each reflector to be the same 7. Private cars, taxis, light buses, goods vehicles other than heavy goods vehicles, and any other motor vehicles not included in the foregoing provisions of this Schedule (other than engineering plant and agricultural implements) 2 One reflector on each side of longitudinal axis; no part of the reflecting area of one reflector to be less than 530 millimetres from any part of the reflecting area of the other reflector, and no part of the vehicle or its equipment to extend laterally on the same side as the reflector more than 400 millimetres from the nearest part of the reflecting area of the reflector Not more than 760 millimetres from extreme rear of vehicle 1.5 metres or, if the bodywork of the vehicle makes it impossible for the maximum height to be within 1.5 metres, 2.1 metres 380 millimetres 1. Height from ground of highest part of reflecting area of each reflector to be the same 2. In relation to a vehicle fitted with a movable platform, in determining the position of the obligatory reflectors no account shall be taken of the special equipment of the vehicle 8. Engineering plant and agricultural implements, not being horse-drawn vehicles or pedestrian controlled vehicles 2 One reflector on each side of longitudinal axis; no part of the reflecting area of one reflector to be less than 530 millimetres from any part of the reflecting area of the other reflector, and no part of the vehicle or its equipment to extend laterally on the same side as the reflector more than 400 millimetres from the nearest part of the reflecting area of the reflector Not more than 1.4 metres from extreme rear of vehicle 1.5 metres None If an additional lamp showing to the rear a red light visible from a reasonable distance is carried not more than 300 millimetres from the rearmost point of the vehicle and at a height of not more than 1.5 metres from the ground, column 4 shall have effect as though “2.7 metres” were substituted for “1.4 metres” (L.N. 178 of 2024) Ninth Schedule [reg. 114]Direction Indicators Part I 1. Every direction indicator fitted to a vehicle in accordance with this Part shall be, when in operation, in the form of an illuminated sign of a minimum illuminated length of 150 millimetres and a maximum illuminated breadth not exceeding one-fourth of the illuminated length, and shall show either a steady or a flashing light. 2. Save as provided in paragraph 3 as respects additional indicators, every direction indicator shall be so designed and fitted that—(a) it is not more than 1.8 metres behind the base of the windscreen; and(b) when in operation—(i) it temporarily alters the outline of the vehicle to the extent of at least 150 millimetres measured horizontally;(ii) the outermost point of the direction indicator is at least 150 millimetres further from the longitudinal axis of the vehicle than is the outermost point of the driver’s cab, or of the side of the body immediately behind the driver’s seat;(iii) the illuminated surface is visible at a reasonable distance both from the front and the rear of the vehicle; and(iv) it remains steady: Provided that subparagraph (a) shall not apply in the case of a pillarless saloon car if the direction indicator is not situated behind the widest part of the body. For the purposes of this proviso a pillarless saloon car means a car which has an enclosed body and four doors and no vertical pillar between the doors on either side. 3. (1) An additional indicator may be fitted at the rear of any vehicle on any side to which there is fitted any indicator not being an additional indicator. Such additional indicator shall either—(a) be in the form specified in paragraph 1 and shall, except when a trailer is being towed, be visible at a reasonable distance from any point to the rear of the vehicle; or(b) comply with the requirements of paragraph 3(1) of Part II as respects indicators showing a flashing light to the rear.(2) An additional indicator may be fitted on the front of any vehicle on any side to which there is fitted an indicator not being an additional indicator. Such additional indicator shall comply with the requirements of paragraphs 3(1), 4 and 5 of Part II as respects indicators showing a flashing light to the front. 4. Any direction indicator intended to indicate a right hand turn shall be fitted only to the right of the longitudinal axis of the vehicle and one intended to indicate a left hand turn shall be fitted only to the left of that axis. 5. Every direction indicator shall be at a height of not more than 2.25 metres nor less than 430 millimetres above the level of the ground. 6. (1) The illuminated colour of every direction indicator shall—(a) if it shows both to the front and to the rear, be amber;(b) if it shows only to the front, be amber or white; and(c) if it shows only to the rear, be amber or red.(2) The light emitted by every direction indicator shall be diffused by frosted glass or other adequate means. 7. Every direction indicator showing a flashing light shall when in operation show a light which flashes constantly at the rate of not less than 60 nor more than 120 flashes per minute, each flash being of such duration as to permit the light to achieve its full brightness and to be fully observable to the eye at a reasonable distance. The light shall begin to flash not later than one second after the operating switch of the indicator is operated and between each flash there shall be an interval observable to the eye. 8. The following requirements shall be complied with as respects the direction indicators on a vehicle—(a) not less than one indicator on each side to which indicators are fitted shall be so designed and fitted that the driver when in his seat can readily be aware when it is in operation; or(b) the vehicle shall be equipped with a device or devices so designed and fitted that, when the switch actuating the indicator or indicators on one side of the vehicle is operated, the device or devices shall—(i) if and so long as every indicator not being an additional indicator fitted on that side of the vehicle is in operation, together with the indicator on that side of the trailer (if a trailer is towed), give a warning readily visible or audible to the driver when in his seat;(ii) in any other case give no warning or warning different from that given if the conditions of sub-subparagraph (i) of this subparagraph are satisfied. 9. Every direction indicator shall be so fitted that when not in operation it will not be likely to mislead the driver of any other vehicle or any person controlling traffic. 10. Any reference in this Schedule to the side of a vehicle shall be taken to include that part of the front or the back of the vehicle which is on that side of the vehicle. Part II 1. Subject to the provisions of paragraph 3, every direction indicator fitted to a vehicle in accordance with this Part shall be in the form of a lamp which, when in operation, shows a flashing light visible at a reasonable distance from both the front and the rear of the vehicle. 2. Every such indicator shall be so designed and fitted that—(a) it is not more than 1.8 metres behind the base of the windscreen;(b) both the minimum illuminated area showing to the front and the minimum illuminated area showing to the rear shall—(i) in the case of a vehicle the permitted gross vehicle weight of which does not exceed 5.5 tonnes, or of a vehicle constructed or adapted solely for the carriage of not more than 7 passengers and their effects, be not less than 25 square centimetres in extent: Provided in either case that the vehicle is not being used, except in a case of emergency, to tow a trailer other than one with less than 4 wheels or a four-wheeled trailer having 2 close-coupled wheels on each side; (ii) in any other case be not less than 20 square centimetres in extent. (L.N. 178 of 2024) 3. (1) Subject to the provisions of subparagraph (2), in lieu of a direction indicator in respect of which the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 are complied with, 2 indicators may be fitted to any side of a vehicle and shall be so designed and fitted that—(a) when in operation one of the indicators on one side shall show a flashing light visible from a reasonable distance to the front of the vehicle and the other indicator on that side shall, except when a trailer is being towed, show a flashing light visible from a reasonable distance to the rear of the vehicle;(b) every such indicator shall be so placed that the centre of its illuminated area is not more than 400 millimetres nearer to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle than is the outermost part of the vehicle which is comprised in the overall width of the vehicle on the side on which the indicator is placed; and(c) the minimum illuminated area showing to the front or rear as the case may be shall be that prescribed in paragraph 2.(2) Whilst a vehicle is towing a trailer the preceding provisions of this paragraph shall have effect subject to the following modifications—(a) there shall be carried on either side of the trailer an indicator so designed and fitted that when in operation it complies with the provisions of Part III or Part V; and(b) it shall not be necessary for an indicator showing a flashing light to the rear to be carried on either side of the vehicle.This subparagraph shall not apply when the trailer is of a weight unladen not exceeding 100 kilograms, or is a broken down motor vehicle being towed in consequence of the breakdown. 4. (1) Save as provided in subparagraph (2), a direction indicator fitted in compliance with this Part and showing a flashing light to the front shall not be combined with nor obscure any lamp showing to the front a white light being a lamp required to be carried by or under any enactment.(2) In the case of a vehicle on either side of which two direction indicators are fitted in accordance with paragraph 3 an indicator showing a flashing light to the front may be combined with an electric lamp showing a white light to the front being a lamp required to be carried by or under any enactment provided that—(a) if the lamp is fitted with an electric bulb—the power of the lamp does not exceed 7 watts; and(b) the indicator is fitted with a separate electric circuit and— (L.N. 178 of 2024)(i) a separate electric bulb;(ii) a separate electric filament; or(iii) a separate LED module. (L.N. 178 of 2024) 5. If a direction indicator carried in compliance with this Part is fitted with one or more electric bulbs, the rated wattage of the bulb or the total rated wattage of all the bulbs must be not less than 15 watts and not more than 36 watts. (L.N. 178 of 2024) 6. Where a vehicle is equipped on any side with direction indicators in respect of which the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 are complied with, an additional indicator may be carried on the side at the rear of the vehicle provided that any such indicator complies with the provisions of paragraph 3 of Part I. 7. Every direction indicator shall be at a height of not more than 2.25 metres nor less than 430 millimetres above the level of the ground: Provided that a direction indicator fitted to any side of a bus in accordance with the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 may be fitted at a height of not more than 2.6 metres above the level of the ground if on the same side of the vehicle and at a height of not more than 1.9 metres above the level of the ground there is also fitted an additional direction indicator which complies with the provisions of paragraph 6. 8. The provisions of paragraphs 4, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 of Part I shall apply as respects direction indicators fitted in compliance with this Part as they apply as respects direction indicators fitted in compliance with that Part. Part III 1. (1) In this Part and in the diagrams set out in Part IV—blind angle (盲角度), in relation to a direction indicator, means an angle, throughout which no light from the indicator need be visible, measured horizontally outwards from a line parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle and passing through the centre of the illuminated area of the indicator; (E.R. 4 of 2022)inboard angle (內側角度), in relation to a direction indicator, means an angle, within which light from the indicator is visible, measured horizontally inwards from a line parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle and passing through the centre of the illuminated area of the indicator;outboard angle (外側角度), in relation to a direction indicator, means an angle, within which light from the indicator is visible, measured horizontally outwards from a line parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle and passing through the centre of the illuminated area of the indicator. (E.R. 4 of 2022)(E.R. 4 of 2022)(2) In this Part the expressions front indicator (前指示器), shoulder indicator (肩指示器), side indicator (側指示器), flank indicator (示廓器) and rear indicator (後指示器) mean respectively a direction indicator to which diagram 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 set out in Part IV applies and which being of a kind mentioned in column 1 of the following Table is when fitted to a vehicle in the position indicated in column 3 of that Table in compliance with the provisions of this Part capable of being seen by an observer on the road standing in the position or, in turn, in each position in relation to that vehicle indicated in column 2 of that Table with an angle of visibility as indicated in column 4 of that Table—Table 1 Kind of Direction Indicator 2 Observer’s Position in relation to the Vehicle 3 Position on Vehicle 4 Angle of visibility required in relation to an axis parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle and passing through the centre of the direction indicator lamp. Front In Front At Front An outboard angle of visibility of 80 degrees to the front. An inboard angle of visibility of 45 degrees to the front. Shoulder In Front and Alongside On side An outboard angle to the rear of 60 degrees of visibility, of which the inboard 10 degrees from the axis may be blind angle (no light). An outboard angle of visibility to the front of 45 degrees. An inboard angle of visibility to the front of 10 degrees. Side In Front, Alongside and in Rear Side An outboard angle of visibility to the front of 45 degrees and an inboard angle of visibility to the front of 5 degrees. An outboard angle of visibility to the rear of 60 degrees and an inboard angle of visibility to the rear of 5 degrees. Flank Alongside Side An outboard angle of visibility to the rear of 60 degrees of which the inboard of 10 degrees from the axis may be blind (no light). Rear In Rear Rear An outboard angle of visibility of 80 degrees to the rear and an inboard angle of visibility to the rear of 45 degrees. Note:

An illuminated area of at least 2 square centimetres must be visible throughout the angles of visibility, within a reasonable distance, for at least 15 degrees above and 15 degrees below the horizontal. 2. Every direction indicator fitted to a vehicle in compliance with this Part shall be in the form of a lamp which, when in operation, shows a flashing amber light. 3. (1) On each side of a motor vehicle there shall be fitted either—(a) a single rear indicator and a single front indicator;(b) a single rear indicator and at least one shoulder indicator; or(c) at least one side indicator.(2) A motor vehicle to which front indicators have been fitted in accordance with subparagraph (1) shall in addition have fitted on each side of the vehicle at least one flank indicator, if the distance between the nearest part of the illuminated area of the front indicator and the nearest part of the illuminated area of the rear indicator on either side of the vehicle exceeds 6 metres or if the motor vehicle is the towing vehicle forming part of an articulated vehicle.(3) Where one or more flank indicators are fitted on each side of a motor vehicle in accordance with subparagraph (2) at least one shall be so fitted on that side that the distance between the foremost part of the motor vehicle which is comprised in the overall length of the vehicle and the rearmost part of the illuminated area of that indicator is not more than one third of the overall length of the motor vehicle or, where the motor vehicle is the towing vehicle forming part of an articulated vehicle, not more than one third of the overall length of the articulated vehicle.(4) Where in accordance with the foregoing provisions of this paragraph more than one kind of direction indicator is required to be fitted on a side of a motor vehicle, it shall be a sufficient compliance with those provisions if the vehicle is fitted on that side with either one direction indicator which satisfies or with two or more direction indicators which together satisfy the requirements of paragraph 8 in relation to each kind of direction indicator with which that vehicle would otherwise be required to be fitted on that side. 4. In the case of a combination of a motor vehicle towing a trailer and in the case of an articulated vehicle, where that motor vehicle or the motor vehicle forming part of the articulated vehicle is fitted with direction indicators in compliance with this Part, the trailer shall be fitted on each side with a single rear indicator in compliance with this Part. 5. No motor vehicle towing a trailer, being a trailer to which is fitted on each side a rear indicator in compliance with this Part of this Schedule, need be fitted with any rear indicator under paragraph 3(1)(a) or (b) if the motor vehicle forms part of an articulated vehicle. (E.R. 4 of 2022) 6. (1) One or more additional indicators may be fitted on the side (excluding the front or rear) of any motor vehicle or trailer to which direction indicators have been fitted in accordance with the foregoing provisions of this Part.(2) The requirements of paragraph 13(a) as to the minimum rated wattage of the bulb or the minimum total rated wattage of all the bulbs illuminating an indicator does not apply to an additional indicator. (L.N. 178 of 2024) 7. Every direction indicator other than a flank indicator or an additional indicator shall be so designed and fitted to a vehicle that the minimum illuminated area showing to the front and the minimum illuminated area showing to the rear in accordance with the diagram relating to that indicator shall be—(a) not less than 25 square centimetres in extent in the case of either a motor vehicle the permitted gross vehicle weight of which does not exceed 5.5 tonnes or a passenger vehicle adapted to carry not more than 19 passengers, if in either case the vehicle is not being used, except in a case of emergency, to tow a trailer other than one with less than 4 wheels or a four-wheeled trailer having 2 close-coupled wheels on each side; (89 of 1988 s. 9; 10 of 2017 s. 11)(b) not less than 25 square centimetres in extent in the case of a trailer which has less than 4 wheels or is a four-wheeled trailer having 2 close-coupled wheels on each side; and(c) not less than 20 square centimetres in extent in any other case. (L.N. 178 of 2024) 8. Every direction indicator of a kind to which a diagram in Part IV applies and which is fitted to a vehicle in compliance with this Part shall have an illuminated area of at least 2 square centimetres visible within a reasonable distance at any point between not less than 15 degrees above and not less than 15 degrees below the horizontal throughout at least each inboard angle and at least each outboard angle (excluding any blind angle not exceeding 10 degrees) shown in the diagram relating to that kind of indicator:Provided that in the case of any indicator fitted to a motor vehicle towing one or more trailers the foregoing provisions of this paragraph shall be treated as being satisfied if the said illuminated area of the indicator would have been visible as aforesaid but for the presence of the trailer or trailers. 9. Every direction indicator shall be so placed that the outermost part of its illuminated area further from the longitudinal axis of the vehicle is not more than 400 millimetres nearer to that longitudinal axis than is the outermost part of the vehicle which is comprised in the overall width of the vehicle on the side on which the indicator is placed, except that in the case of a public service vehicle having combined rear and side entrances a nearside rear indicator may be so placed that the outermost part of its illuminated area furthest from the longitudinal axis of the vehicle is not more than 760 millimetres nearer to that longitudinal axis than is the said outermost part of the vehicle. 10. No part of the illuminated area of any direction indicator fitted to either side of a vehicle shall be less than 300 millimetres from the longitudinal axis of the vehicle. 11. (1) No part of the illuminated area of any direction indicator shall be at a height of more than 2.3 metres above the level of the ground; except that in the case of a public service vehicle to which are fitted rear indicators in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 3, if no part of the illuminated area of each of the rear indicators is at a height of more than 2 metres above the level of the ground, then any shoulder indicator or flank indicator may be fitted to that vehicle so that no part of its illuminated area is at a height exceeding 2.6 metres above the level of the ground.(2) No part of the illuminated area of a front indicator or a rear indicator shall be below a height of 380 millimetres above the level of the ground when the vehicle is unladen and no part of the illuminated area of any other indicator shall be below a height of 500 millimetres above the level of the ground when the vehicle is unladen. 12. A direction indicator fitted to a vehicle in compliance with this Part shall be optically separated from any other lamp carried by the vehicle. 13. If a direction indicator fitted to a vehicle in compliance with this Part is fitted with one or more electric bulbs, the bulb or bulbs must comply with the following requirements—(a) except as provided in paragraph 6(2), the rated wattage of the bulb or the total rated wattage of all the bulbs must be not less than 15 watts and not more than 36 watts; and(b) the rated wattage of each bulb must be indelibly marked on the glass or metal cap of the bulb in a readily legible manner. (L.N. 178 of 2024) 14. Any direction indicator intended to indicate a right hand turn shall be fitted only to the right of the longitudinal axis of the vehicle and one intended to indicate a left hand turn shall be fitted only to the left of that axis. 15. Where more than one direction indicator is fitted on the same side of a motor vehicle, an articulated vehicle or a combination of vehicles comprising a motor vehicle and one or more trailers they shall be so designed and fitted that the light emitted by such indicators flashes at the same time. 16. The provisions of paragraphs 7, 8, 9 and 10 of Part I shall apply to direction indicators fitted in compliance with this Part of this Schedule as they apply to direction indicators fitted in compliance with that Part. Part IV Diagrams Applicable to Direction Indicators Mentioned in Part III, Paragraph 1 (Note: Positional requirements are set out in paragraphs 9, 10 and 11) Part V 1. Every direction indicator fitted to a trailer shall comply with the provisions of this Part: Provided that nothing in this Part shall apply to a broken down vehicle being towed in consequence of the breakdown. 2. Every direction indicator shall either—(a) when in operation be in the form of an illuminated sign of a minimum illuminated length of 150 millimetres and a maximum illuminated breadth not exceeding one-fourth of the illuminated length, and shall show either a steady or a flashing light; or(b) be such that—(i) when in operation it shall show a flashing light;(ii) the requirement of paragraph 2A is complied with; (L.N. 178 of 2024)(iii) the minimum illuminated area shall be not less than 2 250 square millimetres in extent if the trailer to which it is fitted has less than 4 wheels or is a four-wheeled trailer having 2 close-coupled wheels on each side and not less than 7 740 square millimetres in extent in any other case; and(iv) the centre of the illuminated area shall be not more than 400 millimetres nearer to the longitudinal axis of the trailer than is the outermost part of the trailer on the same side. 2A. For the purposes of paragraph 2(b)(ii), if the indicator is fitted with one or more electric bulbs, the rated wattage of the bulb or the total rated wattage of all the bulbs is not less than 15 watts and not more than 36 watts. (L.N. 178 of 2024) 3. Every direction indicator shall, when in operation, be visible at a reasonable distance from any point to the rear of the trailer. 4. The provisions of paragraphs 4, 5, 6, 7, 9 and 10 of Part I shall apply to direction indicators fitted in compliance with this Part in the same manner as they apply to direction indicators fitted in compliance with that Part. Tenth Schedule [regs. 115 & 122]Stop Lamps Part I Vehicles not Required to be Fitted with Stop Lamps 1. Any land implement, land tractor and pedestrian controlled vehicle. 2. Any motor vehicle—(a) which it is at all times unlawful to drive at a speed exceeding 25 kilometres per hour; or(b) which is incapable by reason of its construction of exceeding a speed of 25 kilometres per hour on the level under its own power. 3. Any trailer towed by a motor vehicle fitted with 2 stop lamps, the dimensions of the trailer being such that when the longitudinal axis of the trailer lies in the same vertical plane as the longitudinal axis of the towing vehicle both such stop lamps are visible to an observer in that vertical plane from a point 6 metres behind the rear of the trailer whether it is loaded or not. 4. Any trailer which is a broken down motor vehicle or which forms part of a broken down articulated vehicle. 5. In the case of a combination of two or more vehicles, being a motor vehicle towing a trailer, the vehicles in that combination other than the rearmost. Part II Requirements to be Complied with by Stop Lamps Fitted to Motor Vehicles and Trailers 1. Every stop lamp fitted to a vehicle or trailer shall be fitted at the rear of the vehicle and not to the left of the centre thereof and when in operation shall show a red light: Provided that nothing in this paragraph shall prevent the fitting of a duplicate stop lamp on the left or near side of the vehicle which (except when the stop lamp fitted on the right or off side of the vehicle is showing a flashing light as a direction indicator) comes into operation at the same time as the stop lamp fitted at the centre or on the right or off side of the vehicle. 2. Every light shown by a stop lamp shall be diffused by means of frosted glass or other adequate means and shall be a steady light. 3. Every stop lamp shall show a steady red light, when the braking system which operates the lamp is applied, visible to the rear of the vehicle at any point between at least 15 degrees above and 15 degrees below the horizontal throughout an angle of at least 45 degrees in the horizontal plane on each side of a line parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle and passing through the centre of the illuminated area of the lamp. 4. For the electric bulb or sealed beam lamp with which a stop lamp is fitted—(a) the rated wattage of the bulb or sealed beam lamp must be not less than 15 watts and not more than 36 watts; and(b) the rated wattage of the bulb or sealed beam lamp must be indelibly marked on its glass or metal cap in a readily legible manner. (L.N. 178 of 2024) 5. No part of the illuminated area of a stop lamp shall be less than 400 millimetres or more than 1 500 millimetres above the level of the ground except that the said measurement of 1 500 millimetres may be increased to 2 100 millimetres, if it is not practicable by reason of the structure of the vehicle at its rear for the said measurement of 1 500 millimetres to be complied with. 6. Every stop lamp fitted to a motor vehicle shall be operated by the application of a braking system designed to be used to bring the motor vehicle when in motion to a halt and when fitted to a trailer towed by a motor vehicle shall be operated by the application of such a system. 7. Where one stop lamp is fitted to a vehicle it shall be fitted at the rear of the vehicle and on or to the off side of the vertical plane passing through the longitudinal axis of the vehicle (disregarding, for the purpose of ascertaining such axis, any sidecar attached to a motor cycle). 8. In any case where 2 or more stop lamps are fitted to a vehicle—(a) they shall be fitted at the rear of the vehicle;(b) at least 2 shall be so designed that the light emitted thereby is emitted at the same time and shall be fitted to the vehicle so that they are—(i) symmetrically positioned on each side of the vertical plane passing through the longitudinal axis of the vehicle;(ii) at the same height from the ground; and(iii) in such positions that no part of the illuminated area of one such lamp is nearer than 600 millimetres to any part of the illuminated area of the other such lamp;(c) the wiring required for the illumination of the lamps shall be so arranged that in the event of any failure of a bulb in one of the lamps the other lamp or lamps shall not thereby be extinguished. 9. Where a stop lamp fitted to a motor vehicle or to a trailer is capable of being operated on either of 2 levels of illumination, it shall be wired in such a way that, when the obligatory front and obligatory rear lamps of the motor vehicle on which the stop lamp is fitted, or of the motor vehicle which is towing the trailer on which the stop lamp is fitted, are switched off, the stop lamp when operated is lit at the higher level of illumination, and when the obligatory front and obligatory rear lamps of the motor vehicle are switched on, the stop lamp when operated is lit at the lower level of illumination, so, however, that the foregoing provisions shall not preclude each stop lamp and the obligatory front and obligatory rear lamps of the motor vehicle being wired in such a way that, when such obligatory lamps are switched on and any front fog lamp on that motor vehicle is switched on, the stop lamp when operated is lit at the higher level of illumination, and when such obligatory lamps are switched on but no front fog lamp is switched on, the stop lamp when operated is lit at the lower level of illumination: Provided that nothing in this paragraph shall apply to a stop lamp on a trailer which is being towed by a motor vehicle which is not required to be fitted with stop lamps. Eleventh Schedule [regs. 2, 119 & 120] Part I Size, Colour and Type of Rear Marking Part II Additional Provisions relating to Form of Rear Markings 1. Any variation in a dimension (other than as to the height of a letter or character) specified in any of the diagrams in Part I of this Schedule shall be treated as permitted for the purposes of these regulations if the variation—(a) in the case of a dimension so specified as 275 mm or as over 275 mm does not exceed 2 1/2% of that dimension;(b) in the case of a dimension so specified as 16 mm or as over 16 mm but as under 275 mm, does not exceed 5% of that dimension; or(c) in the case of a dimension so specified as under 16 mm, does not exceed 10% of that dimension. 2. Any variation in a dimension as to the height of a letter or character specified in any of the said diagrams shall be treated as permitted for the purposes of these regulations if the variation—(a) in the case of a dimension so specified as 94 mm or as 141 mm, does not exceed 2 1/2% of that dimension; or(b) in the case of a dimension so specified as 75 mm or as 113 mm, does not exceed 5% of that dimension. 3. Any variation in a dimension as to the angle of hatching specified in any of the said diagrams shall be treated as permitted for the purposes of these regulations if the variation does not exceed 5 degrees. 4. Every rear marking shall be illuminated by the use of red fluorescent material in the stippled areas shown in any of the said diagrams and by the use of yellow reflex-reflecting material in any of the areas so shown, being areas not stippled and not constituting a letter. 5. Every rear marking of the type shown in Diagram 1 or 4 in Part I shall be constructed in the form of a single plate, and every rear marking of the type shown in Diagram 2, 3 or 5 in Part I shall be constructed in the form of 2 plates of equal size and shape, and every such plate shall comply with any requirements laid down by the Commissioner. 6. The letters forming the words “Long Vehicle” and the characters “長車” on any rear marking shall be coloured black. Part III Provisions as to Position on Vehicle, Maintenance, etc. of Rear Markings 1. A rear marking shall be fitted at the rear of the vehicle. 2. A rear marking shall be securely attached to the vehicle so that no part of the marking projects beyond the outermost part of the vehicle on either side. 3. The lower edge of every rear marking shall be horizontal and at a height of not more than 1 700 mm nor less than 400 mm above the ground, whether the vehicle is laden or unladen, and in the case of the rear marking of the type shown in Diagram 2, 3 or 5 in Part I the lower edge of each half of the marking shall be at the same height above the ground. 4. Every part of a rear marking shall lie within 20 degrees of a transverse vertical plane at right angles to the vertical plane through the longitudinal axis of the vehicle so that—(a) in the case of the rear marking of the type shown in Diagram 1 or 4 in Part I, the vertical centre line of the marking lies on that vertical plane through the longitudinal axis of the vehicle; and(b) in the case of the rear marking of the type shown in Diagram 2, 3 or 5 in Part I, each half of the marking lies in the same vertical plane and the innermost vertical edges of each half of the marking are equidistant from the vertical plane through the longitudinal axis of the vehicle. 5. A rear marking of the type shown in Diagram 2, 3 or 5 in Part I shall lie so that each half of the marking is as near as is practicable to the outermost edge of the vehicle on the side thereof on which it is fitted. 6. Every rear marking shall be so fitted that every part thereof is clearly visible to other persons using the road within a reasonable distance to the rear of the vehicle at all times, except while the vehicle is being loaded or unloaded if the vehicle is so constructed at the rear that it is impracticable for the marking to be so fitted, without undue expense or risk of damage to the marking. 7. Every rear marking shall be maintained in a clean and efficient condition while the vehicle is on a road. Twelfth Schedule [reg. 122] Part I Provisions of the Road Traffic (Construction and Use) Regulations which Correspond with Regulations 12, 16, 17, 20, 26, 28, 29, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 76, 77 and 115 and the Tenth Schedule (E.R. 4 of 2022) 14. Brakes (1) Every motor vehicle shall be equipped with an efficient braking system or efficient braking systems, in either case having two means of operation, so designed and constructed that notwithstanding the failure of any part (other than a fixed member or a brake shoe anchor pin), through or by means of which the force necessary to apply the brakes is transmitted, there shall still remain available for application by the driver brakes sufficient under the most adverse conditions, to bring the vehicle to rest within a reasonable distance: Provided that— (a) in the event of failure as aforesaid it shall not be necessary for brakes to be available for application by the driver in the case of a vehicle the weight unladen of which does not exceed 1 ton and having less than 4 wheels, to more than 1 wheel; (b) this paragraph shall not apply to invalid carriages. (2) In the case of a motor vehicle having more than 3 wheels, at least one means of operation shall be capable of causing brakes to be applied to all the wheels of the vehicle: Provided that— (a) in the case of an articulated vehicle it shall be deemed sufficient compliance with this paragraph if the rearmost wheels are equipped with brakes capable of being applied by some other means of operation; (b) in the case of a vehicle having more than 2 steering wheels only half the number of steering wheels shall be counted in all the wheels of the vehicle. (3) The application of one means of operation shall not affect or operate the pedal or hand lever of the other means of operation.(4) No braking system shall be rendered ineffective by the non-rotation of the engine.(5) All the brakes of a motor vehicle which are operated by one means of operation shall be capable of being applied by direct mechanical action without the intervention of any hydraulic, electric or pneumatic device.(6) One at least of the means of operation required by this regulation shall be capable of causing brakes to be applied directly and not through the transmission gear to not less than half the number of wheels of the vehicle:Provided that where a motor vehicle has more than 4 wheels and the drive is transmitted to all wheels other than the steering wheels without interposition of a differential driving gear or similar mechanism between the axles carrying the driving wheels it shall be deemed to be sufficient compliance with this paragraph if the brakes applied by one means of operation act directly on 2 driving wheels on opposite sides of the vehicle and the brakes applied by the other means of operation act directly on all other driving wheels.(7) For the purpose of this regulation every moving shaft to which any part of the braking system or any means of operation thereof is connected or by which it is supported shall be deemed to be part of that system.(8) Every motor vehicle shall be equipped with a braking system (which may be one of the systems required by this regulation) so designed and constructed that it can at all times be set so as to prevent two at least, or in the case of a vehicle with only 3 wheels, one of the wheels from revolving when the vehicle is not being driven or is left unattended: Provided that this paragraph shall not apply to— (a) motor cycles with or without side-cars attached; or (b) invalid carriages. (9) Every motor vehicle which is fitted with a servo braking system which embodies a vacuum of pressure reservoir or reservoirs shall be provided with a warning device so placed as to be readily visible to the driver of the vehicle when in the driving seat in order to indicate any impending failure or deficiency in the vacuum or pressure system. 16. Wheels (1) Every motor vehicle and every trailer shall be so constructed that the entire weight of the vehicle and of the trailer, if any, is transmitted to the road surface by wheels or by tracks, or by a combination of wheels and tracks: Provided that— (a) in the case of a track laying vehicle the parts of the track which come into contact with the road surface shall be flat and have a minimum width of half an inch. The total area of each track actually in contact with the road surface at any one time shall not be less than 36 square inches in respect of each ton of the weight unladen; (b) a track laying motor tractor shall not draw any trailer. (2) Every wheel of a motor vehicle other than a road roller and every wheel on a trailer when the trailer is being drawn on a road other than a trailer used solely on road repair work shall be equipped with pneumatic tyres of suitable size and design: Provided that— (a) this regulation shall not apply to the following motor vehicles or trailers if they are equipped with tyres of soft or elastic material of a design and type approved by the Commissioner on every wheel—(i) a motor tractor;(ii) a motor vehicle designed for use in works or on private premises and used on a road only in passing from one part of the works or premises to another or to works or premises in the immediate neighbourhood; and (b) the Commissioner by permit in writing, subject to such terms and conditions and for such period as appears to him fit, may authorize the use of a motor vehicle in contravention of this regulation. (3) All wheels of a motor vehicle or trailer which are equipped with tyres other than pneumatic tyres shall have a rim diameter of not less than 26 2/5 inches: Provided that this regulation shall not apply to— (a) any motor vehicle or trailer not exceeding 30 cwt. in weight unladen designed for use in works or on private premises and used on a road only in passing from one part of the works or premises to another or to works or premises in the immediate neighbourhood; (b) any mobile crane. (4) Every wheel of a vehicle shall be truly circular accurately centred on its axle and fitted to work thereon without oscillation or side play. 18. Driver’s accommodation Every motor vehicle shall be so designed and constructed that the driver—(a) has adequate room and can easily reach and quickly operate the controls;(b) while controlling the vehicle can at all times have a full view of the road and traffic ahead of the motor vehicle. 19. Placing of driver’s seat The driver’s seat of every vehicle shall be so placed as to permit him to give by hand the usual traffic signals on the right or off side of the vehicle:Provided that the Commissioner by permit in writing, subject to such terms and conditions and for such period as appears to him fit, may authorize the use of a motor vehicle which does not comply with this regulation. 21. Safety glass (1) The glass of all windscreens and windows on the outside of every motor vehicle shall be safety glass of such transparency that it does not obscure the view of the interior of the vehicle.(2) No alteration or addition shall be made to the windscreens and windows referred to in paragraph (1) whereby the reflecting effect of the glass is increased. 22. Windscreen wiper Two efficient automatic windscreen wipers shall be fitted to the windscreen of every motor vehicle unless the motor vehicle is so constructed that either—(a) the driver, by opening the windscreen or otherwise, can obtain an adequate view to the front of the vehicle without looking through the windscreen; or(b) the driver can obtain an adequate view to the front of the vehicle even though the vehicle is fitted with only one windscreen wiper. 25. Stop lights (1) Not less than 2 stop lights shall be fitted at the back of—(a) every motor vehicle except a motor cycle; and(b) every trailer which is being towed by a motor vehicle.(2) Not less than 1 stop light shall be fitted at the back of every motor cycle.(3) Every stop light shall be fitted so that the centre thereof is at a height not exceeding 5 feet from the ground.(4) If 2 or more stop lights are fitted at the back of a vehicle—(a) 1 stop light shall be situated on the near side of the back of the vehicle; and(b) a second stop light shall be situated on the off side of the back of the vehicle, so that—(i) no part of the vehicle extends laterally more than 12 inches beyond the centres of the stop lights referred to in subparagraphs (a) and (b); and(ii) both the stop lights referred to in subparagraphs (a) and (b) are equidistant from the centre of the back of the vehicle.(5) When in operation every stop light shall show a steady red or amber light.(6) Every light shown by a stop light shall be diffused by means of frosted glass or any other adequate method.(7) No person shall use a motor vehicle unless every stop light required under this regulation to be fitted to it and to any trailer being towed by it is in good working order. 39. Turning circle (1) Every omnibus shall be so constructed as to be capable of turning in either direction in a circle not exceeding in diameter 66 feet. For the purpose of this regulation such diameter shall be determined by reference to the extreme outer edge of the wheel track at ground level:Provided that the Commissioner by permit in writing, subject to such terms and conditions and for such period as appears to him fit, may authorize the use of an omnibus with a turning circle exceeding 66 feet but not exceeding 76 feet, if the omnibus has a swept circle not exceeding 80 feet in diameter.(2) In this regulation, the expression swept circle (掃掠圓圈) means the circle traced at ground level by a vertical line passing through any part of the omnibus included in the overall length and overall width of the omnibus. 56. Steps (1) In every omnibus and every light bus—(a) the top of the tread of the lowest step for any entrance or exit (other than an emergency exit) shall not be more than 17 inches or less than 10 inches above the ground when the vehicle is empty;(b) all steps shall be fitted with non-slip treads; and(c) fixed steps shall in no case project laterally beyond the body of the vehicle, unless they are so protected by the front wings or otherwise that they are not liable to injure pedestrians.(2) In every omnibus—(a) the tread of each step shall be not less than 9 inches deep; and(b) risers shall be not more than 11 inches in height. 57. Steps in case of double-decked omnibuses In the case of a double-decked omnibus—(a) the risers of all steps leading from the lower to the upper deck shall be closed and no unguarded aperture shall be left at the top landing board;(b) all steps leading from the lower to the upper deck shall be fitted with non-slip treads;(c) the horizontal distance from the nearest point of the riser of the top step to the vertical line passing through the nearest point of the seat opposite to the top tread of the staircase, excluding any grab rail which does not project more than 3 inches from the back of the seat, shall not be less than 26 inches;(d) the outer stringer of an outside staircase shall be so constructed, or a band so placed, as to act as a screen to persons ascending or descending, and the height of the outer guard rail shall not be less than 3 feet 3 inches above the front of the tread of each step. 58. Number and position of entrances and exits (1) On a single-decked omnibus and on the lower deck of every double-decked omnibus, either—(a) the deck of the vehicle shall communicate with the rear platform by means of a doorless opening and the exit from the platform to the near side of the vehicle shall be continuous with the exit to the rear of the vehicle; or(b) there shall be not less than 2 exits (one of which may be an emergency exit) which shall not both be situated on the same side of the vehicle.(2) On a light bus there shall be either—(a) not less than 2 exits (one of which may be an emergency exit) which shall—(i) not both be situated on the same side of the vehicle; and(ii) be situated to the rear of the driver’s seat; or(b) one exit in the back of the vehicle.(3) If there is access to the upper deck of an omnibus by means of an enclosed staircase, an emergency exit shall be provided on the upper deck which—(a) need not be provided with a staircase; and(b) shall not be on the near side of the omnibus. 59. Width of entrances and exits Every entrance and exit of an omnibus shall be at least 21 inches in width: Provided that— (a) where in accordance with proviso (a) to regulation 58(1) one exit only is provided, the width of such exit measured along the rear of the vehicle need not exceed 18 inches if the width of the exit to the side of the vehicle complies with the preceding provisions of this regulation; (b) the size of an emergency exit from the upper deck of an omnibus shall not be less than 4 feet by 2 feet; (c) where the same entrance is used for both the upper and the lower deck of an omnibus no part of the entrance exclusive of a stanchion measured along the near side of the vehicle shall be less than 36 inches in width. 59A. Width of entrances on light buses (1) Every entrance and every exit of a light bus shall, subject to paragraph (2), be not less than 21 inches wide.(2) Notwithstanding paragraph (1), the Commissioner may permit in writing the use of a light bus the entrances or exits of which are less than 21 inches wide. 60. Doors (1) Every entrance and exit door of an omnibus and of a light bus shall be capable of being opened by one operation of the locking mechanism:Provided that for the purpose of securing the vehicle when unattended it shall be permissible to fit to any entrance or exit door a supplementary lock with or without a detachable actuating mechanism if such lock is so designed and constructed that the door can at all times be opened by a person inside the vehicle by one operation of the ordinary locking mechanism.(2) Door handles or levers to door catches shall be recessed or so designed and fitted that they are not liable to be dislodged or to be operated accidentally. Where any entrances are provided with doors which are intended to remain open when the vehicle is in motion suitable fastenings shall be provided to hold such doors securely open.(3) A grab handle shall be fitted to each entrance or exit other than an emergency exit to assist passengers in boarding or alighting from the omnibus or light bus.(4) All doors including those of emergency exits shall be so designed as to be readily opened in case of need from both the inside and the outside of the omnibus or light bus.(5) All doors shall open so as not to obstruct clear access to any entrance or exit either from inside or from outside the omnibus or light bus. 61. Emergency exit (1) The means of operation of all emergency exits of—(a) an omnibus; and(b) a light bus,shall be clearly indicated in English and in Chinese characters.(2) All emergency exits shall—(a) be clearly marked as such in English and in Chinese characters;(b) be designed to open outwards;(c) be easily accessible to the passengers; and(d) be connected with any gangway by a passage which shall not be of less dimensions than those prescribed in regulation 63(1) for a gangway, and shall be so designed that a vertical line projected upwards at any point from the centre line of the passage at floor level is laterally not less than 6 inches from any part of the vehicle in the case of—(i) an omnibus to a height of 4 feet 6 inches; and(ii) a light bus to a height of 4 feet.(3) The actuating mechanism of all emergency exits other than those fitted to an upper deck of an omnibus shall be easily accessible to persons of normal height standing on ground level outside the omnibus.(4) For the purposes of paragraph (2)(d) a seat on the upper deck of an omnibus placed below or in front of an emergency exit, shall be deemed to form part of the passage. 62. Access to exits (1) Subject to paragraph (2), there shall be unobstructed access from every seat on—(a) an omnibus; and(b) a light bus,to at least 2 exits from the vehicle or to 1 exit if only 1 exit is required by these regulations.(2) Paragraph (1) shall not apply to any seats that are alongside the driver if there is access to them by an entrance other than the driver’s entrance.(3) Direct access shall be provided to the driver’s seat either—(a) from the off side of the vehicle; or(b) by means of a passage which shall not be of less dimensions than those prescribed in regulation 63(1) for a gangway.(4) No seat in an omnibus or light bus shall be fitted to a door so that when the seat is in position for use it obstructs any passage to an exit or gangway required by these regulations. 63. Width of gangways (1) The width of every gangway in an omnibus or light bus shall be not less than 1 foot up to a height of 2 feet 6 inches from the floor level and above that height not less than 1 foot 2 inches and shall be so designed that a vertical line projected upwards from the centre line of any gangway at floor level shall, to the height prescribed in regulation 64 as the height of that gangway be laterally not less than 6 inches from any part of the omnibus or light bus other than the roof over the gangway.(2) No part of any gangway which serves as a joint means of access from any entrance to both the upper and lower deck of an omnibus shall be less than 36 inches in width.(3) For the purposes of this regulation when any space in front of a seat is required for the accommodation of seated passengers the space within 9 inches of the seat shall not be taken into account in measuring the width of a gangway. 64. Height of gangways (1) The clear height at every point along the centre line of any gangway between the limits specified in paragraph (3) shall be as follows—(a) in the case of a single-decked omnibus not less than 5 feet 8 inches;(b) in the case of a double-decked omnibus not less than 5 feet 8 inches on both decks; and(c) in the case of a light bus not less than 4 feet 6 inches.(2) The clear height at every point along the centre line of any gangway shall, outside the limits specified in paragraph (3), be not less than 4 inches lower than the clear height prescribed in paragraph (1).(3) The limits referred to in paragraph (1) extend from the front edge of the foremost passenger seat adjacent to the gangway to the front edge of the rearmost passenger seat adjacent to the gangway. 65. Seats (1) The supports of all seats in an omnibus and in a light bus shall be firmly fixed in position and at least 15 inches measured in a straight line along the back of each seat shall be allowed for each passenger.(2) Every seat in an omnibus and in a light bus shall have a back rest so closed or otherwise constructed as to prevent as far as possible the pockets of passenger being picked.(3) No part of the back rest of any seat placed lengthwise in an omnibus or light bus shall be less than 54 inches from the corresponding part of the back rest of the seat facing it.(4) In an omnibus and in a light bus transverse seats shall be so fitted that—(a) there is clear space of at least 26 inches in front of the whole length of the top of the back rest of every seat, any handles or grips which do not project more than 4 inches from the back rest being disregarded when measuring the clear space herein referred to; and(b) there is a clear space of at least 19 inches between any part of the front edge of a seat and any part of any other seat which faces it.(5) All passenger seats on omnibuses and light buses shall provide an adequate degree of comfort with suitable seats and seat backs.(6) Seats over a wheel arch shall not be placed in such a position as to cause discomfort to passengers in an omnibus or light bus.(7) If any transverse seat on an omnibus is so placed that a passenger seated upon it is liable to be thrown forward through an entrance or down a stairway an effective screen or guard shall be placed so as to provide protection for any passenger occupying the seat.(8) No part of any seat on the left hand side of the driver of an omnibus or light bus shall be in front of a line passing through the front edge of the driver’s seat at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle and any seat on the left of the driver’s seat and in line with it must face forward. 66. Step wells The shortest distance between the edge of any step well and a vertical plane passing through the front edge of a seat of an omnibus shall not be less than 9 inches. 67. Safety glass All glass used in the construction of—(a) an omnibus; and(b) a light bus,shall be safety glass. 68. Side windows In the case of a single-decked omnibus with a permanent top or the lower deck of a double-decked vehicle the side windows, when open, shall be adequately guarded to a height of 39 inches from the floor. 71. Driver’s accommodation (1) Every omnibus and light bus shall be—(a) so designed that the driver has adequate room and can easily reach and quickly operate the controls;(b) so constructed and maintained that the accommodation for the driver is weather-proof; and(c) provided with means to prevent light from the interior of the vehicle from incommoding the driver.(2) (Repealed L.N. 95 of 1969)(3) The accommodation for the driver of an omnibus shall be divided off by means of a partition behind the driver’s seat extending upwards not less than 30 inches from the floor level, and by a continuation of the partition, or guard rails on the left of the driver not less than 18 inches from the centre of the steering wheel at any point. 72. Steering pillar The steering pillar of an omnibus shall be on the right or off side of the vehicle and the driver’s seat shall be so placed as to permit him to give by hand the usual traffic signals, on the off side of the vehicle. 73. Driver’s seat (1) There shall not be any seat, gangway or passage on the right hand side of the driver’s seat in an omnibus or a light bus.(2) The driver’s seat of an omnibus and a light bus shall be capable of being adjusted in relation to the steering wheel of the vehicle so that it can be moved from 12 inches to at least 16 inches from the steering wheel measured from the nearest point on the periphery of the steering wheel to the nearest part of the back of the driver’s seat.(3) In an omnibus and a light bus the centre of the driver’s seat shall not be offset more than 4 inches in relation to the centre of the steering wheel and adequate comfort shall be provided for the driver.(4) In an omnibus the driver’s seat shall be adequately protected by guard rails or a partition providing adequate room for the driver and being not less than 18 inches from the centre of the steering wheel at any point.(5) Where passengers are carried on an omnibus on the left-hand side of the driver a space of at least 18 inches from the centre of the steering column to the left thereof shall be reserved for the driver, to be divided off from such passengers by means of a solid partition at least 9 inches high from seat level and extending for the whole depth of the seat.(6) In every light bus the driver’s seat shall be adequately protected by a guardrail which—(a) is situated to the left of the driver’s seat;(b) provides adequate room for the driver; and(c) is at any point not less than 15 inches from the centre of the steering wheel. Part II Provisions of the Road Traffic (Public Service Vehicles) Regulations which Correspond with Regulations 41, 42, 43 and 44 (In these regulations Authority (主管當局) means the Commissioner for Transport.) 17. Taximeter (1) Every taxi shall be fitted with a taximeter of a design and construction approved by the Authority and which in every respect complies with the provisions of these regulations.(2) Every taximeter shall be fitted to the taxi in such position and in such manner as may be approved by the Authority.(3) No taximeter shall be fitted to a taxi without the prior approval of the Authority.(4) If the registered owner of a taxi removes the taximeter from a taxi or ceases to use the taximeter, he shall notify the Authority within 24 hours of such removal or cessation. 18. Construction of taximeter (1) Every taximeter shall be so constructed that it may be effectually sealed to the satisfaction of the Authority.(2) Every taximeter shall be provided with an indicator (hereinafter referred to as the flag) of a size not less than 2 inches by 1 inch showing the words “for hire” or the word “taxi”.(3) Every taximeter shall be so constructed that the flag can be placed in any one of the following positions—(a) the flag is raised in such manner that it is clearly visible by any person standing in front of a taxi at a distance of not more than 20 yards and, at all times during which the lights of the taxi are required to be illuminated, the flag is adequately illuminated and the mechanism of the taximeter is not in motion;(b) the flag is lowered to the recording position in such manner that it is not visible outside the taxi and the mechanism of the taximeter is in motion; and(c) the flag is placed in the non-recording position in such manner that it is not visible outside the taxi and the mechanism of the taximeter is not in motion. 19. Sealing and testing of taximeters (1) Every taximeter shall be—(a) tested by the Authority before it is fitted to a taxi and at intervals of not more than 6 months thereafter; and(b) stamped and sealed by the Authority after every such test.(2) The registered owner of every taxi shall cause the taxi to be made available at such place and time as the Authority may from time to time require for the purpose of inspecting, testing and regulating the taximeter fitted therein. 20. Lighting of taximeter (1) Every taxi shall be provided with a lamp so placed on the taximeter as to render the readings on the dial of the taximeter easily legible at all times of the day and night and such lamp shall be maintained in proper working order and condition.(2) The driver shall keep such lamp properly lit through any part of a hiring which is during such time as the lights on the taxi are required to be illuminated and shall light such lamp during a hiring at any other time at the request of a hirer so as to enable the hirer to read the dial of the taximeter. Thirteenth Schedule [reg. 51]Signs on Private Light Buses Carrying Students, etc. (Thirteenth Schedule added L.N. 225 of 1987) Fourteenth Schedule [reg. 78B]Signboard on Buses Carrying Students (Fourteenth Schedule added L.N. 96 of 1997 and L.N. 147 of 1997) Schedule 15 [reg. 73(1A), (1AA) & (2)](L.N. 152 of 2007) Part 1 Seats and their Anchorages for Public Light Buses Registered on or after 1 August 2004 (L.N. 152 of 2007) 1. ECE Regulation No. 80 made by the Economic Commission for Europe dated 25 May 1989 (E/ECE/324-E/ECE/TRANS/505/Rev. 1/Add. 79) including all revisions for seats of large passenger vehicles and of these vehicles with regard to the strength of the seats and their anchorages made before 1 August 2004. 2. ECE Regulation No. 17 made by the Economic Commission for Europe dated 14 August 1970 (E/ECE/324-E/ECE/TRANS/505/Rev. 1/Add. 16) including all revisions for vehicles with regard to the seats, their anchorages and any head restraints made before 1 August 2004; and ECE Regulation No. 21 made by the Economic Commission for Europe dated 2 June 1971 (E/ECE/324-E/ECE/TRANS/505/Rev. 1/Add. 20) including all revisions for vehicles with regard to their interior fittings made before 1 August 2004. 3. Council Directive 74/408/EEC of 22 July 1974 made by the Council of the European Communities including all revisions for motor vehicles with regard to the seats, their anchorages and head restraints made before 1 August 2004. (L.N. 152 of 2007) 4.

(a) Technical Standard for Seats and Seat Anchorages and Type Approval Test Procedures (TRIAS) 35-1975; and(b) Technical Standard for Seatback Impact Absorption and Type Approval Test Procedures (TRIAS) 36-1975,made by the Minister of Land, Infrastructure and Transport of Japan for motor vehicle with a passenger capacity of 11 or less in Circular of Jisha No. 899 of 1 October 1983 and Circular of Koshin No. 453 of 24 August 1971 including all revisions of those standards and test procedures made before 1 August 2004. (L.N. 68 of 2005) 5. Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. 201 of Federal Regulations Vol. 36 No. 232 of USA dated 2 December 1971 including all revisions for occupant protection in interior impact made before 1 August 2004; and Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. 207 of Federal Regulations Vol. 36 No. 232 of USA dated 2 December 1971 including all revisions for seating systems made before 1 August 2004. 6. Australian Design Rule 68/00 approved in Motor Vehicles Standards Determination No. 3 of 1992 (Australia) including all revisions for occupant protection in buses made before 1 August 2004. 7. Any other specifications and standards which are demonstrated to the Commissioner to be substantially the same as or more stringent than any specification or standard specified in any other section of this Part. (L.N. 152 of 2007)(L.N. 152 of 2007) Part 2 Head Restraints for Public Light Buses Registered on or after 1 August 2004 and Student Service Vehicles Registered on or after 1 May 2009 (L.N. 152 of 2007) 1. ECE Regulation No. 25 made by the Economic Commission for Europe dated 30 December 1971 (E/ECE/324-E/ECE/TRANS/505/Rev. 1/Add. 24) including all revisions for head restraints (headrests), whether or not incorporated in vehicle seats, made before 1 August 2004. 2. ECE Regulation No. 17 made by the Economic Commission for Europe dated 14 August 1970 (E/ECE/324-E/ECE/TRANS/505/Rev. 1/Add. 16) including all revisions for vehicles with regard to the seats, their anchorages and any head restraints made before 1 August 2004. 3. Council Directive 78/932/EEC of 20 November 1978 made by the Council of the European Communities including all revisions for head restraints of seats of motor vehicles made before 1 August 2004. (L.N. 152 of 2007) 4. Council Directive 74/408/EEC of 22 July 1974 made by the Council of the European Communities including all revisions for motor vehicles with regard to the seats, their anchorages and head restraints made before 1 August 2004. (L.N. 152 of 2007) 5. Technical Standard for Head Restraints and Type Approval Test Procedures (TRIAS) 32-1983 made by the Minister of Land, Infrastructure and Transport of Japan for driver’s seat and front seat beside the driver’s seat of a motor vehicle with a passenger capacity of 11 or less in Circular of Jisha No. 899 of 1 October 1983 and Circular of Koshin No. 453 of 24 August 1971 including all revisions of that standard and test procedures made before 1 August 2004. (L.N. 68 of 2005) 6. Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. 202 of Federal Regulations Vol. 36 No. 232 of USA dated 2 December 1971 including all revisions for head restraints made before 1 August 2004. 7. Australian Design Rule 22/00 approved in Road Vehicle (National Standards) Determination No. 2 of 1995 (Australia) including all revisions for head restraints made before 1 August 2004. 8. Any other specifications and standards which are demonstrated to the Commissioner to be substantially the same as or more stringent than any specification or standard specified in any other section of this Part. (L.N. 152 of 2007)(L.N. 152 of 2007) Part 3 Impact Energy Absorption Requirements for Public Light Buses and Student Service Vehicles Registered on or after 1 May 2009 1. Annex 4 of ECE Regulation No. 21 Rev. 2 made by the Economic Commission for Europe dated 12 October 1993 (E/ECE/324-E/ECE/TRANS/505/Rev. 1/Add. 20/Rev. 2) including all revisions made before 1 November 2006. 2. Any other specifications and standards which are demonstrated to the Commissioner to be substantially the same as or more stringent than the standard specified in section 1.(L.N. 152 of 2007) Part 4 Fire Resistance Requirements for Public Light Buses and Student Service Vehicles Registered on or after 1 May 2009 1. ECE Regulation No. 118 made by the Economic Commission for Europe dated 20 April 2005 (E/ECE/324-E/ECE/TRANS/505/Rev. 2/Add. 117) including all revisions made before 1 November 2006. 2. Any other specifications and standards which are demonstrated to the Commissioner to be substantially the same as or more stringent than the standard specified in section 1.(L.N. 152 of 2007) Part 5 Seats and their Anchorages for Student Service Vehicles Registered on or after 1 May 2009 1. ECE Regulation No. 80 made by the Economic Commission for Europe dated 25 May 1989 (E/ECE/324-E/ECE/TRANS/505/Rev. 1/Add. 79) including all revisions made before 1 November 2006. 2. Any other specifications and standards which are demonstrated to the Commissioner to be substantially the same as or more stringent than the standard specified in section 1.(L.N. 152 of 2007)(Schedule 15 added L.N. 147 of 2002) Schedule 16 [regs. 24 & 24A] Part 1 Installation and Performance Requirements for Speedometers for Motor Vehicles Registered before 1 May 2008 1. A speedometer shall be so placed that it can be easily read by the driver. 2. A speedometer shall be calibrated and marked in kilometres per hour so as to indicate clearly the speed at which the motor vehicle is being driven. 3. A speedometer shall be capable of indicating the speed within a margin of accuracy of plus or minus 10 per cent if and when the motor vehicle is being driven at a speed in excess of 15 kilometres per hour. 4. A speedometer shall be clearly legible both by day and by night. Part 2 Installation and Performance Requirements for Speedometers for Motor Vehicles Registered on or after 1 May 2008 1. A speedometer shall be so placed that it is within the field of vision of the driver when he is facing forward and can be easily read by him from that position. 2. A speedometer shall be clearly legible both by day and by night. 3. A speedometer shall be calibrated and marked in kilometres per hour so as to indicate clearly the speed at which the motor vehicle is being driven. 4. A speedometer shall observe the following relationship between the speed indicated on the display of the speedometer (V1) and the actual speed of the vehicle (V2)—(a) in the case of a private car, taxi, light bus, bus, goods vehicle and special purpose vehicle—0 ≦ (V1 – V2) ≦ 0.1 V2 + 6 km/h;(b) in the case of—(i) a motor cycle the cylinder capacity of the engine of which does not exceed 50 c.c. or the maximum design speed of which does not exceed 50 km/h; or(ii) a motor tricycle the cylinder capacity of the engine of which does not exceed 50 c.c. or the maximum design speed of which does not exceed 50 km/h,0 ≦ (V1 – V2) ≦ 0.1 V2 + 4 km/h;(c) in the case of a motor vehicle other than those referred to in paragraphs (a) and (b)—0 ≦ (V1 – V2) ≦ 0.1 V2 + 8 km/h. 5. A speedometer shall conform with—(a) ECE Regulation No. 39 made by the Economic Commission for Europe dated 20 November 1978 (E/ECE/324-E/ECE/TRANS/505/REV. 1/Add. 38) including all revisions with regard to speedometer equipment including its installation made before the date this paragraph comes into operation#;(b) Council Directive 75/443/EEC of 26 June 1975 made by the Council of the European Communities including all revisions with regard to speedometer equipment of motor vehicles made before the date this paragraph comes into operation;(c) Directive 2000/7/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 March 2000 including all revisions with regard to speedometer equipment of two- or three- wheel motor vehicles made before the date this paragraph comes into operation;(d) Device Type Designation Standard for Speedometers specified in Attachment No. 51 to the Type Designation Regulations for Devices made under the Ministry of Transport Ordinance No. 66 of 9 October 1998 of Japan including all revisions made before the date this paragraph comes into operation;(e) Technical Standard for Speedometers specified in Attachment No. 88 to the Announcement That Prescribes Details of Safety Regulations for Road Vehicles made under the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport of Japan Announcement No. 619 of 15 July 2002 including all revisions made before the date this paragraph comes into operation, and the Test Procedure for Speedometers (TRIAS 58-2003) of the Type Approval Test Procedures made by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport of Japan in Circular of Koshin No. 453 of 24 August 1971 including all revisions made before the date this paragraph comes into operation; or(f) any newer version of the standards referred to in paragraphs (a), (b), (c), (d) and (e) approved at the discretion of the Commissioner in writing. Editorial Note: # Operation date: 1 May 2008. 6. The requirements in section 5 of this Part do not apply to a speedometer fitted on a particular type of vehicle if a test certificate or performance comparison report, as the case may require, has been submitted to the Commissioner proving that the performance of the speedometer is equivalent or superior to one or more of the approved standards referred to in that section and—(a) approval has been given by the Commissioner in writing; and(b) the speedometer, or the vehicle to which the speedometer is fitted, bears an approval mark recognized or assigned by the Commissioner. Part 3 Installation and Performance Requirements for Speed Display Devices 1. A speed display device shall be so placed that it can be easily read by any passenger. 2. A speed display device shall be clearly legible both by day and by night. 3. A speed display device shall be calibrated and marked in kilometres per hour so as to indicate clearly the speed at which the motor vehicle is being driven. 4. A speed display device shall not affect the accuracy of any equipment originally installed in the vehicle. 5. A speed display device shall observe the following relationship between the speed indicated on the display of the speed display device (V1) and the actual speed of the vehicle (V2)—0 ≦ (V1 – V2) ≦ 0.1 V2. 6. A speed display device shall be able to give both audio and visual warnings when the speed indicated on the display of the speed display device of the vehicle exceeds 80 kilometres per hour. 7. A speed display device shall be so designed to prevent tampering of its accuracy. 8. For the purposes of section 7 of this Part, a detailed design plan of a speed display device in respect of which approval is sought shall be submitted to the Commissioner to show that the device cannot be tampered by means of using simple tool or equipment readily available to the public at large.(Schedule 16 added L.N. 151 of 2007) Schedule 17 [reg. 24B]Installation and Performance Requirements for Speed Limiter 1. A speed limiter must be so constructed that, after the limiter has been fitted to a motor vehicle and calibrated—(a) the vehicle may not be accelerated by the operation of acceleration devices, such as an accelerator pedal, when the vehicle is running at the set speed with which the limiter has been calibrated; and(b) the set speed with which the limiter has been calibrated must not, in any case, be capable of being altered or bypassed when the vehicle is in use. 2. A speed limiter may be so designed to allow normal accelerator control for the purpose of gear changing. 3. A speed limiter must not limit the speed of a motor vehicle by actuating the service braking system. However, after the speed limiter has restricted the fuel feed or the electric motor input to the minimum position it may in addition limit the speed by actuating a permanent brake, such as a retarder. 4. Any malfunction of or interference with a speed limiter must not result in an increase in engine power or motor power above that demanded by the position of the accelerator pedal. 5. Any malfunction of a speed limiter must not affect the normal vehicular performance. 6. The speed limiter must operate satisfactorily in its electromagnetic environment without unacceptable electromagnetic disturbance to any other device or system in that environment. 7. The performance of a speed limiter must conform with—(a) ECE Regulation No. 89 made by the Economic Commission for Europe dated 24 June 2008 (E/ECE/324-E/ECE/TRANS/505/REV. 1/Add. 88/Corr. 1) with regard to speed limitation devices including their installation;(b) Council Directive 92/24/EEC of 31 March 1992 made by the Council of the European Communities, including all revisions as amended by Directive 2004/11/EC, relating to speed limitation devices or similar speed limitation on-board systems of certain categories of motor vehicles; or(c) any other specifications and standards which are demonstrated to the Commissioner to be substantially the same as or more stringent than any specification or standard specified in paragraph (a) or (b). 8. A speed limiter must, when defective, operating abnormally or not in a functional state, prompt the person seated in the driver’s seat by a fault signal telltale or other means. 9. A speed limiter must be so designed to prevent tampering of its accuracy and the set speed with which it is calibrated.(Schedule 17 added 6 of 2012 s. 15) Schedule 18 [reg. 24C]Public Light Buses to which Regulation 24C Applies 1. A public light bus that is first registered on or after 1 December 2014. (L.N. 96 of 2014)(Schedule 18 added 6 of 2012 s. 15) Schedule 19 [regs. 2 & 24C](E.R. 1 of 2013)Installation and Performance Requirements for Electronic Data Recording Devices 1. In this Schedule—(a) sensor (感應器) means the component of an EDRD which senses running data of a motor vehicle;(b) on-board device (車載記錄器) means the component of an EDRD which serves to transmit running data and any other data as electronic signals to the recording medium;(c) recording medium (記錄媒介) means the component of an EDRD which records and stores running data digitally by a solid state electronic method;(d) analysis system (分析系統) means the component of an EDRD which comprises analysis software, reader, analyzer, electronic file storage unit and, if available, printer. 2. An EDRD must be strong, durable and capable of withstanding frequent use. All the constituent parts of an EDRD must be made of materials with sufficient durability and mechanical strength and stable electrical and magnetic characteristics. 3. An EDRD must be capable of recording and storing the following data of a motor vehicle during at least the latest 30 days, except for the period when the internal combustion engine or electric motor of the vehicle is not in operation—(a) time data from a real-time digital clock including date and time;(b) actual speed of the vehicle at intervals not exceeding 1 second, recorded in km/h;(c) the latest 15 records of vehicle activity with an acceleration or deceleration identical to or exceeding 0.4g (where g means the standard acceleration due to gravity) or 3.92 m/s2;(d) all records of vehicle activity when the actual speed of the vehicle exceeds an over-speed threshold stored in the EDRD for a continuous period of more than 3 seconds; and(e) the latest 30 records of the following data of the vehicle during the last 20 seconds before its actual speed comes to zero, sampled at a rate of not less than 5 sample data per 1 second—(i) actual speed;(ii) status of the headlamps and direction indicators; and(iii) status of the service braking system. 4. An EDRD must be capable of recording and storing the following data of the EDRD during at least the latest 30 days—(a) the power status (i.e. “ON” or “OFF”);(b) the date and time when a data retrieval or download is performed;(c) the date and time, and a description of the setting altered, when there is any alteration to a setting, such as the over-speed threshold, calibration constant factor or time clock, of the EDRD; and(d) the date and time when a common fault, such as a power supply failure, input signal fault or memory fault, is detected by the system of the EDRD. 5. For the purposes of sections 3 and 4 of this Schedule—date (日期) includes day, month and year;time (時間) includes second, minute and hour. 6. An EDRD must at any time automatically collect, record and store the running data. 7. The on-board device and recording medium must be so constructed that—(a) all data recorded on the recording medium will not be lost or changed as a result of ordinary electromagnetic interference found on a motor vehicle; and(b) even when the necessary power for recording is turned off, all data already stored on the recording medium will not be lost or changed. 8. The analysis system must be so constructed that—(a) all data recorded on the recording medium can be accurately read by a reader and displayed in a legible form using a special purpose analyzer or a general purpose computer;(b) the functions of data retrieval, enquiry, statistics, chart or table generation and system operation management are included; and(c) all data stored on the recording medium are encrypted. 9. Any malfunction of an EDRD must not affect the normal vehicular performance. 10. An EDRD must operate satisfactorily in its electromagnetic environment without unacceptable electromagnetic disturbance to any other device or system in that environment. 11. The following telltales, being easily visible to the driver but not necessarily steady, must be provided—(a) a coloured signal lamp which will light up when any data is stored on the recording medium;(b) a coloured signal lamp which will light up when the EDRD is defective, operating abnormally or not in a functional state. 12. An EDRD must be so designed to prevent tampering of its operation.(Schedule 19 added 6 of 2012 s. 15) Schedule 20 [reg. 38A]Specifications and Standards for Acoustic Vehicle Alerting Systems 1. UN Regulation No. 138 dated 5 October 2016. 2. Regulation (EU) No. 540/2014 of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union as amended by the subsequent amendments up to and including amendments made by Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2017/1576. 3. Article 43-7 of the Safety Regulations for Road Vehicles made by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism of Japan via Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism Ordinance No. 73 of 7 October 2016. 4. National Standard of the People’s Republic of China GB/T 37153-2018 for acoustic vehicle alerting system of electric vehicles running at low speed. 5. Any other specifications and standards that are demonstrated to the Commissioner to be substantially the same as, or more stringent than, any specification or standard specified in paragraph 1, 2, 3 or 4.(Schedule 20 added L.N. 178 of 2024) Schedule 21 [regs. 39AAC, 39AAD & 39AAE]Specifications and Standards for Mirrors and Camera-monitor Systems Part 1 1. UN Regulation No. 46 (as amended by all revisions up to and including Supplement 1 to the 04 series of amendments on 9 October 2014). 2. Article 44 of the Safety Regulations for Road Vehicles made by the Ministry of Transport of Japan as amended by Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism Ordinance No. 50 of 17 June 2016. 3. National Standard of the People’s Republic of China GB 15084-2022 for motor vehicles-Device for indirect vision-Requirement of performance and installation. 4. Any other specifications and standards that are demonstrated to the Commissioner to be substantially the same as, or more stringent than, any specification or standard specified in paragraph 1, 2 or 3. Part 2 1. UN Regulation No. 81 (as amended by all revisions up to and including Supplement 2 to the original version on 18 June 2007). 2. Article 44 of the Safety Regulations for Road Vehicles made by the Ministry of Transport of Japan as amended by Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism Ordinance No. 50 of 17 June 2016. 3. National Standard of the People’s Republic of China GB 17352-2010 for performance and installation requirements of rear views mirrors for motorcycles and mopeds. 4. Any other specifications and standards that are demonstrated to the Commissioner to be substantially the same as, or more stringent than, any specification or standard specified in paragraph 1, 2 or 3.(Schedule 21 added L.N. 178 of 2024)