The UNITED PROVINCES INDUSTRIAL DISPUTES ACT, 1947

27 Lk;a qDr izkUrh; vkS|ksfxd >xMk+ a s dk ,sDV lu~ 1947 bZ- ¼la;qDr izkUrh; ,sDV ua- 28 lu~ 1947 bZ-½ THE UNITED PROVINCES INDUSTRIAL DISPUTES ACT, 1947 [U. P. ACT NO. XXVIII OF 1947] 28 Lka;qDr ikz Urh; vkS|kfsxd >xM+ksa dk ,Ds V] 19471 ¿la;qDr izkUrh; ,sDV ua- 28 lu~ 1947 bZ0À mRrj izns”k vf/kfu;e la- 25] 19502 mRrj izns”k vf/kfu;e la- 23] 19533 mRrj izns”k vf/kfu;e la- 1]1957 mRrj izns”k vf/kfu;e la- 23]1957 mRrj izns”k vf/kfu;e la- 2]1966 }kjk ;Fkkla”kksf/kr ,MsIVs”ku vkQ ykt vkMZj] 1950 }kjk vuqdwfyr rFkk ifj’d`r ¼la;qDr izkUrh; ysftLyfsVo vlsEcyh rFkk yfstLyfsVo dkSfUly us½ dze”k% 10 uoEcj] lu~ 1947 bZ- rFkk 17 uoEcj] lu~ 1947 bZ- dh cSBd es a Lohdr` fd;k½ ¼Hkkjrh; ¼vLFkk;h fo/kku½ vkns”k] lu~ 1947 bZ- }kjk la”kksf/kr djds voLFkkuqdwy ifjofrZr Hkkjr “kklu&fo/kku lu~ 1935 bZ- dh /kkjk 76 ds vUrxZr xouZj tujy us rkjh[k 21 fnlEcj] lu~ 1947 bZ- dks Lohd`fr iznku dh vkSj la;qDr izkUrh; “kkldh; xtV esa rkjh[k 10 tuojh] lu~ 1948 bZ- dks izdkf”kr4 gqvk½ gM+rkyks a vkSj }kjkojks/kks a ¼ykdvkmV~l½ dks jksdus ds fy;s vf/kdkj izkIr djus] IkzLrkouk vkS|ksfxd >xM+ksa dk fuiVkjk djus rFkk vU; lacaf/kr fo’k;ks a dh O;oLFkk djus d s fy;s] ,d ,sDV D;ksfad ;g vko”;d gS fd gM+rkyks a vkSj }kjkojks/kks a dks jksdus ds fy;s vf/kdkj izkIr djus] vkS|ksfxd >xM+ksa dk fuiVkjk djus rFkk vU; lacaf/kr fo’k;ks a dh O;oLFkk dh tk;] blfy;s fuEufyf[kr dkuwu cuk;k tkrk gSA 1&& ¼1½ bl ,sDV dk uke la;qDr izkUrh; vkS|ksfxd >xM+ksa dk ,sDV] lu~ 1947 Lkaf{kIr uke] bZ0 gksxkA foLrkj vkSj izkjEHk ¼2½ ;g leLr ¿mRrj izns”kÀ2 es a ykxw1 gksxkA 1- mn~ns”; vkSj dkj.kks a ds fooj.k ds fy;s fnukad 27 vDVwcj] 1947 bZ- dk ljdkjh vlk/kkj.k xtV nsf[k;sA 2- mn~s”; vkSj dkj.kks a ds fooj.k ds fy;s fnukad 24] vizSy] 1950 bZ- dk ljdkjh vlk/kkj.k xtV nsf[k;sA 3- mn~ns”; vkSj dkj.kks a ds fooj.k ds fy;s fnukad 17 tqykbZ] 1953 bZ- dk ljdkjh vlk/kkj.k xtV nsf[k;sA 4- xtV 1948] Hkkx 7&,] Ik`- 1&4 nsf[k;sA 5- bl vf/kfu;e dk foLrkj bl lkj.kh ds LrEHk 1 es a mfYy[kr {ks=ks a es]a LrEHk 2 es a mfYyf[kr vf/kfu;e ;k vkMZj ds v/khu fd;k x;k gS vkSj ,sls {ks=ks a es]a LrEHk 3 es a mfYyf[kr foKfIr ;fn] dksbZ gks] ds v/khu ml fnukad ls tks izR;sd ,sls {ks= ds lkeus LrEHk 4 es a mfYyf[kr gS] Ikzo`Rr fd;k x;k gSA {ks= vf/kfu;e vFkok vkns”k ftuds foKfIr] ;fn dksbZ gS] fnukad ftlls vUrxZr izlkjr fd;s x;s ftuds vUrxZr izHkkoh izHkkoh fd;k x;k fd;k x;k 1 22 2 3 4 1&ftyk jkeiqj ¼,Iyhds”ku vkQ ykt½ &&& 30&12&&49 jkeiqj ,sDV] 1950 2&ftyk cukl Ckukjl ¼,Iyhds”ku vkQ ykt½ Lka- 3262 ¼1½@l=g] 30&11&49 vkMZj] 1950 fnukad 30 uoEcj] 1949 3&ftyk fVgjh x<+oky ¼,Iyhds”ku la- Lka- 3262 ¼2½@l=g] 30&11&49 fVgjh& vkQ ykt½ vkMZj] 1949 fnukad 30 uoEcj] 1949 x<+oky 6- ,MsIVs”ku vkQ ykt vkMZj] 1950 }kjk ¼;wukbVsM izkfoalst½ ds fy;s izfrLFkkfirA 29 ¿la;qDr izkUrh; vkS|ksfxd >xM+ksa dk ,sDV] lu~ 1947 bZ0À ¿/kkjk 2À ¼3½ ;g ml rkjh[k1 ls iz;ksx es a vk;xs k tks ¿jkT; ljdkjÀ2 ljdkjh xtV es a foKfIr nsdj bl laca/k es a fu;e djsAa 3¿2&& bl ,sDV ea]s tc rd dksbZ ckr fo’k; vFkok lanHkZ ds foijhr u gks& IkfjHkk’kk;sa ¼d½ ^^f”kf”k{kq** ¼Apprentice½ ls rkRi;Z dksbZ O;fDr] tks fdlh m|ksx es a izf”k{k.k ds iz;kstu ds fy;s] rnFkZ fufeZr vkSj jkT; ljdkj }kjk vuqeksfnr ;kstuk ds vuqlkj fu;qDr gks] ¼[k½ ^^vkSlr osru** ls rkRi;Z gS etnwj dks ns; ¼payable½ etnwjh dk vkSlr&& ¼1½ ,sls etnwj dh n”kk es]a ftls ekfld osru fn;k tkrk gks] rhu iwjs dyasMj eklkas es]a ¼2½ ,sls etnwj dh n”kk es]a ftls lkIrkfgd osru fn;k tkrk gks] pkj iwjs lIrkgks a es]a ¼3½ ,sls etnwj dh n”kk es]a ftls nSfud osru fn;k tkrk gks] ckjg iwjs dk;&Z fnolks a es]a Tkks ml fnukad ls igy s iM+rs gks]a ftl ij vkSlr osru ns; gksrk gks] ;fn etnwj us] ;FkkfLFkfr] rhu iwjs dyasMj eklkas ;k pkj iwjs lIrkgks a ;k ckjg iwjs dk;&Z fnolks a es dk;Z fd;k gksrk vkSj tgka ,slk fglkc ugha yxk;k tk ldrk gks rks vkSlr dk fglkc ml etnwjh ds vkSlr ls yxkrkj tk;xk tks fdlh etnwj dks ml vof/k ds fy;s ns; gks ftles a mlus okLro es a dk; Z fd;k gSA ¼x½ ^^iap fu.kZ;** ¼Award½ ls rkRi;Z gS fdlh vkS|ksfxd >xM+ s ;k mlls lac) fdlh iz”u dk fdlh Je U;k;ky; ¼Labour Court½ ;k U;k;kf/kdj.k ¼Tribunal½ }kjk vUrfje ¼Interim½ ;k vfUre vo/kkj.k ¼determination½ vkSj blds vUrxZr /kkjk 5&[k ds v/khu fd;k x;k e/;LFk fu.kZ; ¼Arbitration award½ Hkh gS] ¼?k½ ^^ cksMZ** ls rkRi;Z gS /kkjk 3 ds [kaM ¼?k½ ds v/khu la?kfVr le>kSrk&cksMZ ¼Conciliation Board½] ¼M-½ ^^dsUnzh; ljdkj** ls rkRi;Z gS tujy Dyktst ,sDV] 1897 dh /kkjk 3 ds [kaM 8 es a ifjHkkf’kr lsVa ªy xouZesVa ] ¼p½ ^^ le>kSrk vf/kdkjh** ls rkRi;Z gS /kkjk 4&p ds v/khu fu;qDr le>kSrk vf/kdkjh] ¼N½ ^^ vuojr lsok** ¼Continuous service½ ls rkRi;Z gS v[kafMr ¼Uninterupted½ lsok vkSj blds vUrxZr og lsok Hkh gS tks dsoy chekjh ;k vf/kdr` vodk”k ¼Authorised leave½ ;k nq?kZVuk ;k ,slh gM+rky] tks voS/k u gks] ;k }kjkojks/k ¼Lockout ½ ;k ,slh dk;&Z lekfIr ¼Cessation of works½ ds dkj.k tks etnwj dh vksj ls fdlh =qfV ds dkj.k u gks] [kafMr gks xbZ gks] vkSj fdlh ,sls etnwj ds lEc/k es]a ftlus ckjg dyasMj eklkas dh vof/k es]a fdlh m|ksx esa nks lkS pkyhl ls vU;uw fnolks a rd okLro es a dk; Z fd;k gks] ;g le>k tk;xs k fd mlus m|ksx es a ,d o’kZ dh vuojr lsok iwjh dj yh gSA 1- ;g vf/kfu;e 1 Qjojh] 1948 dks izHkkoh gqvkA foKfIr la- 495 ¼,l-Vh-½ 118] fnukad 19 tuojh] 1948 Hkkx 1] Ik`0 71 nsf[k;sA 2- mRrj izns”k ,- vks- o’kZ 1950 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- mRrj izns”k vf/kfu;e la- 1]1957 dh /kkjk 2 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 30 ¿la;qDr izkUrh; vkS|ksfxd >xM+ksa dk ,sDV] lu~ 1947 bZ0À ¿/kkjk 2À Li’Vhdj.k&mu fnolks a dh lax.kuk djus es]a ftles a fdlh etnwj us fdlh m|ksx es a okLro es a dk; Z fd;k gks os fnol ftues&a ¼1½ fdlh izdkj ds v/khu vFkok baMfLVª;y bEIyk;esVa ¼LVSfMaxa vkMZlZ½ vf/kfu;e la[;k 20]1946 ,sDV] 1946 ds vUrxZr fufeZr LFkk;h vkns”kks a ds v/khu vFkok bl ,sDV ds vFkok vkS|ksfxd laLFkk ¼Establishment½ ij izo`Rr fdlh fof/k ds v/khu nh x;h vuqKk ls mldh dke cUnh gqbZ gS ¼Laid off½ ¼vkSj bl [kaM ds iz;kstuks a ds fy,] mldh dkecUnh ds fnuks a dh vf/kd l s vf/kd l[a ;k fglkc es a yh tk;xs h½] ¼2½ xr o’kZ es a mikftrZ iw.kZ etnwjh ij og NqV~Vh Ikj jgk gS] vkSj ¼3½ L=h gksus dh n”kk es a og izlwfr dh NqV~Vh ij jgh gS] fdUrq ,slh izlwfr dh dqy NVq ~Vh dh vof/k ckjg lIrkg ls vf/kd u gksxh] lfEefyr fd;s tk;axsA ¼t½ ^^fu;af=r m|ksx** dk ;g vFk Z gksxk fd tks bUMfLVª;y fMLI;Vw ~l ,sDV la[;k 14] 1947 ,sDV] 1947 dh /kkjk 2 ds [kaM ¼bZbZ½ es a ¼Controlled industry½ dk gS] ¼>½ ^^ekfyd ¼Employer½ d s vUrxZr gS& ¼1½ dksbZ laLFkk vFkok ekfydks a dk lewg % ¼2½ ;fn m|ksx jkT; ljdkj ds fdlh foHkkx }kj lapkfyr vFkok fu’ikfnr fd;k tkrk gks rks rnFk Z mfYyf[kr izkf/kdkjh] vkSj ;fn dksbZ ,slk izkf/kdkjh mfYyf[kr u fd;k x;k gks rks ,sls foHkkx dk v/;{k] ¼3½ ;fn m|ksx LFkkuh; izkf/kdkjh ¼Local authority½ }kjk vFkok mldh vksj ls lapkfyr ;k fu’iknr fd;k tkrk gks rks ,sls izkf/kdkjh dk eq[; dk;Zikfydk vf/kdkjh ¼Chief Executive Officer½] ¼4½ ;fn fdlh m|ksx dk Lokeh] m|ksx ds lapkyu ds nkSjku es a ;k ,sls m|ksx ds lapkyu ds iz;kstu ds fy;s] fdlh O;fDr ls] ,sls O;fDr ds }kjk ;k mlds v/khu] fdlh laiw.kZ dk; Z ds vFkokmlds fdlh ,sls Hkkx ds fu’iknu ds fy;s tks lkekU;r;k mDr m|ksx dk ,d Hkkx gks] lafonk djs]a rks ,sls m|ksx dk Lokeh] ¼´½ dksbZ O;fDr fdlh cksMZ] U;k;ky; vFkok U;k;kf/kdj.k ds ps;jeSu vFkok vU; lnL; ds :Ik es a viuh fu;qfDr ds iz;kstu ds fy;s ^^Lora=* le>k tk;xk ;fn mldk ,sls cksMZ] U;k;ky; vFkok U;k;kf/kdj.k es a vfHkfn’V vkS|ksfxd >xM+ s ls vFkok fdlh ,sls m|ksx ls ftl ij ,sls >xM+ s dk izR;{k :Ik ls izHkko IkM+rk gks] dksbZ lEcU/k u gks] fdUrq izfrcU/k ;g gS fd fdlh O;fDr dks dsoy blh rF; ds dkj.k Lora= u jguk ugha le>k tk;xk fd og fdlh ,slh fuxfer dEiuh ¼incorporated company½ dk fgLlsnkj gS tks ,sls vkS|ksfxd >xM+ s ls lalDr gS vFkok ftl ij mldk izHkko iM+us dh laHkkouk gS] fdUrq ,slh n”kk es a og jkT; ljdkj dks ;g lwfpr djsxk fd ,slh dEiuh es a mlds fdl izdkj ds vkSj fdl vk;fr ¼extent½ rd fgLls gSa] ¼V½ ^^ m|ksx** ls rkRi;Z gS ekfydks a dk dksbZ dkjckj] O;kikj] /ka/kk] fuekZ.k ¼manufacture½ ;k vkthfodk ¼calling½ vkSj blds vUrxZr etnwjks a dh dksbZ vkthfodk] lsok jkstxkj] nLrdkjh vFkok vkS|ksfxd O;olk; vFkok mi&O;olk; ¼avocation½ gS 31 ¿la;qDr izkUrh; vkS|ksfxd >xM+ksa dk ,sDV] lu~ 1947 bZ0À ¿/kkjk 2À ¼B½ ^^ vkS|ksfxd >xM+ksa** ls rkRi;Z gS] ekfydksa vkSj ekfydks a vFkok ekfydks a vkSj etnwjks a vFkok etnwjks a vkSj etnwjks a ds chp dksbZ ,slk >xM+k ;k erHksn tks fdlh O;fDr ds jkstxkj vFkok vjkstxkj ¼employment or unemployment½ vFkok fu;kstu ds fucU/kks a ¼terms½ vFkok Je dh “krksaZ ¼Conditions½ ls lEcU/k j[krk gks] fdUrq blds vUrxZr ,slk vkS|ksfxd >xM+k ugha gS tks fuEufyf[kr ds lEcU/k es a gks& ¼1½ dksbZ m|ksx tks dsUnzh; ljdkj ds izkf/kdkj }kjk ;k mlds v/khu vFkok fdlh jsyos dEiuh }kjk fu’ikfnr fd;k tkrk gks] vFkok ¼2½ ,slk fu;af=r m|ksx tks dsUnzh; ljdkj }kjk ,rnFkZ mfYyf[kr fd;k tk;] vFkok ¼3½ baMfLVª;y fMLI;Vw ~l ,sDV] 1947 es a ifjHkkf’kr cSafdx rFkk chek ,aDs V la[;k 14]1947 dEifu;ka] vFkok ¼4½ [kku vFkok rsy {ks= ¼oil-field½ ( ¼M½ ^^Je U;k;ky;** ls rkRi;Z gS] /kkjk 4&d ds v/khu la?kfVr Je U;k;ky;] ¼<½ ^^dkecUnh** ¼blds O;kdj.k lEca/kh “kCn&Hksnks a rFkk ltkrh; inks a ds lfgr½ l s rkRi;Z gS ekfyd dk fdlh ,sls etnwj dks ftldk uke mlds vkS|ksfxd laLFkk dh mifLFkfr ukekofy es a ntZ gks vkSj ftldh NVuh u gqbZ gks] dks;y]s fctyh vFkok dPps eky dh deh gksusls vFkok LVkd tek gks tkus ls vFkok e”khu ds VwV tkus ls vFkok vU; dkj.ko”k dke nsus es a vlQy jguk] dke nsus ls bUdkj djuk vFkok dke nsus es a vleFk Z gksuk] Li’Vhdj.k& izR;sd etnwj ftldk uke vkS|ksfxd laLFkk dh mifLFkfr ukekofy ¼Muster-roll½ e sa ntZ gS vkSj tks fdlh fnu laLFkk es a dk; Z djus ds fy;s lkekU; dk; Z ds ?kaVks a es a ml iz;kstu ds fy;s fuf”pr le; ij mifLFkr gksrk gS vkSj ekfyd }kjk mls bl izdkj mifLFkr gksu ds nks ?kaVs ds Hkhrj dk;Z ugha fn;k tkrk gS rks bl [kaM ds vFk Z es a ;g le>k tk;xs k fd ml fnu ds fy;s mldh dke&cUnh ¼Laid off½ gbq Z gS% fdUrq izfrcU/k ;g gS fd ;fn fdlh fnu fdlh ikjh ¼shift½ ds vkjEHk es a etnwj dks dk; Z nsus ds LFkku ij mlls dgk tk; fd og dke ds fy;s ml fnu dh ikjh ds mRrjk)Z es a mifLFkr gks vkSj rc mldks dk; Z fn;k tk; rks ;g le>k tk;xk fd ml fnu mldh dsoy vk/ks fnu ds fy;s dke cUnh gqbZ gSA vkSj izfrcU/k ;g Hkh gS fd ;fn mls bl izdkj Lo;a mifLFkr gksus ij Hkh mDr dksbZ dke ¼employemnt ½ ugha fn;k tkrk rks mlds ckjs es a ;g u le>k tk;xk fd mldh ml fnu dh ikjh ds mRrjk)Z ds fy;s dke&cUnh ¼laid off½ gS vkSj og fnu ds ml Hkkx ds fy;s iwjh ewy etnwjh ¼basic wages½ rFkk egaxkbZ HkRrk ikus dk vf/kdkjh gksxkA ¼.k½ ^^}kjkojks/k** ¼lock-out½ dk rkRi;Z jkstxkj ds fdlh LFkku dks cUn djuk vFkok dk; Z dks fuyafcr dj nsuk ¼suspension½ vFkok ekfyd }kjk fu;qfDr fd;s x;s O;fDr;ksa esa fdlh Hkh la[;k dks fu;qDr fd;s j[kus ls mldk badkj djuk gS] ¼r½ ^^fu;r** dk rkRi;Z bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu fufeZr fu;eks a }kjk fu;r ls gSa] 32 ¿la;qDr izkUrh; vkS|ksfxd >xM+ksa dk ,sDV] lu~ 1947 bZ0À ¿/kkjk 2À ¼Fk½ ^^lkoZtfud mi;ksfxrk dh lfoZl** dk rkRi;Z& ¼1½ fdlh vkS|ksfxd laLFkk ¼establishment½ dh fdlh ,slh mi”kk[kk ¼section½ ls gS ftlds dk; Z lapkyu ij laLFkk dh vFkok mles a fu;qDr etnwjks a dh lqj{kk fuHkZj gks] ¼2½ dksbZ ,slk m|ksx tks turk ds fy;s “kfDr ¼power½] jks”kuh vFkok ikuh dk izcU/k djrk gks] ¼3½ lQkbZ vkSj turk ds LokLF; dh j{kk dh dksbZ iz.kkyhA ¼4½ dksbZ m|ksx vFkok /ka/kk ¼Undertaking½] ftls jkT; ljdkj] ;fn mldk lek/kku gks tk; fd lokZtfud vko”;drk vFkok lkoZtfud fgr esa ,slk djuk vko”;d gS] ljdkjh xtV es a foKfIr }kjk] ,slh vof/k ds fy;s tks foKfIr es a fuf”pr dh tk;] bl vf/kfu;e ds iz;kstuks a ds fufeRr lkoZtfud mi;ksfxrk dh lfoZl ?kksf’kr djsAa fdUrq izfrcU/k ;g gS fd bl izdkj fuf”pr dh xbZ vof/k izFker% 6 eghus ls vf/kd u gksxh fdUrq mls mi;qZDr izdkj dh foKfir }kjk] fdlh Hkh le; 6 eghus ls vuf/kd dh fdlh vof/k ds fy;s] le;&le; ij c<k;k tk ldrk gS ;fn jkT; ljdkj dh jk; es a ml vof/k dk bl izdkj c<k;k tkuk lkoZtfud vko”;drk ds fy;s vFkok lkoZtfud fgr es a t:jh gks] ¼n½ ^^ iath;u** ¼registration½ dk rkRi;Z] tgka rd fdlh fuiVkjs ¼settlement½ dk iz”u gS] /kkjk 6& [k ds vuqlkj iath;u ls gS] ¼/k½ ^^NaVuh ¼registration½ dk rkRi;Z] vuq”kkldh; dk;Zokgh ds :Ik es a fn;s x;s n.M ls fHkUu fdlh dkj.k ls Hkh fdlh etnwj dh lsok dks ekfyd }kjk lekIr djuk gS] fdUrq blds vUrxZr] ¼1½ etnwj dk LosPNk ls lsok&fuo`Rr ¼retire½ gks tkuk “kkfey ugha gS] vFkok ¼2½ fu;r&lsok vof/k ¼superanuation½ dh o; izkIr dj yus s ij] ;fn lacaf/kr ekfyd rFkk etnwj ds chp lafons ¼contract½ es a rnFk Z dksbZ lsokof/k fuf”pr dh xbZ gks] etnwj dh lsok&fuo`fRr “kkfey ugha gS] ¼u½ ^^fuiVkjk** ¼settement½ dk rkRi;Z le>kSrs dh dk;oZ kfg;ks a ¼conciliation proceedings½ ds nkSjku es a gq, fuiVkjs ls gS rFkk blds vUrxZr le>kSrs dh dk;oZ kfg;ksa ds nkSjku es a gqbZ dk;oZ kfg;ksa ls fHkUu n”kk esa ekfyd rFkk etnwjks a ds chp gqvk ,slk fyf[kr fuiVkjk Hkh “kkfey gS ftl ij] ,slh jhfr ls tks fu;r dh tk;] mlls lEc) Ik{kks a ds gLrk{kj gks a rFkk mldh ,d izfr jkT; ljdkj vkSj lacaf/kr le>kSrk vf/kdkjh dks Hkst nh xbZ gks] ¼i½ ^^jkT; ljdkj** dk rkRi;Z mRrj izns”k dh ljdkj ls gS] ¼Q½ ^^gM+rky** dk rkRi;Z fdlh m|ksx es a fu;qDr O;fDr;ks a ds fdlh leqnk; ¼body½ }kjk lkewfgd :Ik ls ¼ in combination½ dke dks Bi djuk vFkok fdrsd O;fDr;ks a }kjk tks bl izdkj fu;qDr gks a vFkok fd;s x;s gks]a cjkcj dk; Z djus ds fy;s vFkok dk;Z Lohdkj djus ds fy;s lkewfgd :Ik ls vFkok lkewfgd cks/k ¼common understanding½ l s badkj djuk gS] ¼c½ ^^U;k;kf/kdj.k** ¼Tribunal½ dk rkRi;Z /kkjk 4&[k ds v/khu fu;qDr vkS|ksfxd U;kf/kdj.k ls gS] 33 ¿la;qDr izkUrh; vkS|ksfxd >xM+ksa dk ,sDV] lu~ 1947 bZ0À ¿/kkjk 2À ¼Hk½ ^^la?k** ¼Union½ dk rkRi;Z bf.M;u VsªsM ;wfu;u ,sDV] 1926 ds v/khu ,sDV la- 16]1928 iathc) ¼registered½ VsªM ;wfu;u ls gS] ¼e½ ^^etnwjh** ¼Wages½ dk rkRi;Z ,sls lHkh ikfjJfed ¼remuneration½ ls gS tks /ku ds :Ik es a izdV fd;s tkus ds ;ksX; gks a vkSj tks ukSdjh ds Li’V vFkok miyf{kr ¼expressed or implied½ fucU/kuks a ¼ terms½ dh iwfrZ gks tkus ij etnwj ds jkstxkj ¼employment½ dh n”kk es a vFkok jkstxkj es a fd;s x;s dk;ksaZ dh n”kk es a mls ns; gks]a vkSj blds vUrxZr& ¼1½ ,ssls HkRrs ¼ftues a egaxkbZ HkRrk Hkh gS½] ftUgsa rRle; ¼for the time being½ ikus dk og etnwj vf/kdkjh gks] ¼2½ fdlh x`g vkokl dk] vFkok jks”kuh] ty ;k fpfdRlk lEcU/kh mipkj dk] vFkok vU; fdlh lqfo/kk ;k fdlh lsok dk] vFkok [kk|kUuks a ;k vU; inkFkks aZ dk fj;k;rh rkSj ij izcU/k djus dk ewY;] ¼3½ ;k=k lEcU/kh dksbZ fj;k;r]LfEefyr gSa] fdUrq fuEufyf[kr lfEefyr ugh gSa %& ¼d½ dksbZ cksul % ¼[k½ ekfyd }kjk fdlh lsok&fuo`fRr fuf/k ¼Penson fund½ vFkok Hkfo’; fuf/k ¼Provident Fund½ vFkok rRle; izo`Rr fdlh fof/k ds v/khu etnwj ds ykHk ds fy;s ekfyd }kjk fn;k x;k vFkok ns; ¼ Paid or payable½ dksbZ va”knku] ¼x½ etnwj dh lsok dh lekfIr ij ns; dksbZ vuqxzg /ku ¼Gratuity½] 1¿¼;½ ^^deZdkj** ls dskbZ ,slk O;fDr ¼ftlds varxZr f”k{kq Hkh vkrk gS½ vfHkizsr gS] tks fdlh m|ksx es a HkkMs + ;k bZuke ds fy;s dksbZ dq”ky ;k vdq”ky] “kkjhfjd] i;Zos{kf.kd ;k fodz; lao/kZu gsrq fdlh dk; Z ds fy,] rduhdh] fodz; lao/kZu ;k lafdz;kRed ;k fyfidh; dk; Z djus ds fy;s fu;ksftr gS] pkgs fu;kstu ds fuca/ku vfHkO;Dr gks ;k foof{kr] vkSj fdlh vkS|ksfxd fookn ds laca/k es]a bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu dh fdlh dk;oZ kgh ds iz;kstuks a ds fy, blds varxZr dksbZ ,slk O;fDr vkrk gS tks ml fookn ds laca/k es a ;k muds ifj.kkeLo:i inP;qr ;k mUekfspr dj fn;k x;k gS ;k ftldh NVuh dj nh xbZ gS vFkok ftldh inP;qfr] mUekps u ;k NaVuh fd, tkus ls og fookn iSnk gqvk gks] fdUrq blds varxZr dskbZ ,slk O;fDr ugh vkrk gS] tks& ¼,d½ lsuk vf/kfu;e] 1950 ;k ok; q lsuk vf/kfu;e] 1950 vFkok ukSlsuk ¼vuq”kklu½ vf/kfu;e] 1934 ds v/khu gks] vFkok ¼nks½ iqfyl lsok esaa vFkok fdlh dkjkxkj ds vf/kdkjh vFkok vU; deZpkjh ds :Ik es a fu;ksftr gks] vFkok ¼rhu½ eq[;r% izcU/kdh; iz”kklfud gSfl;r es a fu;ksftr gks( vFkok ¼pkj½ i;Zos{kf.kd gSfl;r es a fu;ksftr gksrs gq, izfrekl nl gtkj :i;s ls vf/kd etnwjh yrs k gks vFkok in ls layXu drZO;ks a dh izd`fr ds ;k vius es a fufgr “kfDr;ks a ds dkj.k ,sls dR` ;ks a dk iz;ksx djrk gS tks eq[;r% izca/kdh; izd`fr ds gSAÀ1 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 1&mRrjk[k.M vf/kfu;e la[;k 24 o’kZ 2015 dh /kkjk 2 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 34 la;qDr izkUrh; vkS|ksfxd >xM+ksa dk ,sDV] lu~ 1947 bZ0À ¿/kkjk 2À ¿2&d&& ¼1½ tgka dksbZ ekfyd fdlh ,d etnwj dh lsoksUrqfDr] inP;qfr] NVuh fdlh etnwj dh ;k vU; izdkj ls lsok&lekfIr djrk gS] ogka ml etnwj vkSj mlds ekfyd ds chp ,slh inP;qfr vkfn dks vkS|ksfxd >sM+k lsoksUeqfDr] inP;qfr] NVuh ;k lsok&lekfIr ls lEC) ;k mRiUUk gksus okys fdlh >xM+k ;k le>k tk;xk erHksn dks vkS|ksfxd >xM+k le>k tk;sxk Hksy s gh dksbZ vU; etnwj ;k dksbZ etnwj la?k ml >xM+ s ea s i{kdkj u gksAÀ5 ¿¼2½ /kkjk 4&V es a varfoZ’V fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh] dksbZ deZdkj tSlk fd mi/kkjk ¼1½es a ;FkkfofufnZ’V gS] lajk/ku vf/kdkjh ds le{k izkFkZuk i= izLrqr djus dh frfFk ls iSarkyhl fnu dh lekfIr ds mijkar lh/ks Je U;k;ky; ;k vkS|ksfxd vf/kdj.k ds le{k izkFkZuk i= ls lacaf/kr vkS|ksfxd fookn dks vfHkfu.kZ; gsrq izkFkZuk i= izLrqr dj ldrk gS ,oa ,slk izkFkZuk i= izkIr djus ij Je U;k;ky; ;k vkS|ksfxd vf/kdj.k es a fookn dks vfHkfu.khZr djus dh “kfDr;ka ,oa vf/kdkfjr fufgr gksxa h tSls ekuks ;gka fookn ljdkj }kjk vf/kfu;e ds izo/kkuks a ds varxZr lanfHkZr fd;k x;k gks ,oa ,sls vfHkfu.kZ; es a vf/kfu;e ds og leLr izko/kku ykxw gksxa s tSls os ljdkj }kjk lanfHkZr vkS|ksfxd fookn es a ykxw gkrs s gSA ¼3½mi/kkjk ¼2½ esa lanfHkZr izkFkZuk i= mi /kkjk ¼1½ esa ;FkkfofufnZ’V lsok ds mUekps u] inP;qfr] NaVuh ;k vU;Fkk i;Zolku dh frfFk ls rhu o’kZ dh vof/k dh lekfIr ls iwoZ Je U;k;ky; ;k vkS|ksfxd vf/kdj.k ds le{k izLrqr fd;k tk;xs kAÀ3 3&& ;fn izkUrh; ljdkj dh jk; es a ;g vko”;d ;k ;qfDrlaxr gks fd lkoZtfud lqj{kk gM+rkyks]a }kjkojks/kks a ;k lqfo/kk ds laj{k.k ds fy;s ;k lkoZtfud O;oLFkk cuk; s j[kus ;k lkoZtfud thou ds vkfn dks jksdus dk vf/kdkj fy;s vko”;d jln rFkk lfoZlksa dh O;oLFkk cuk; s j[kus ds fy;s ;k jkstxkj dks tkjh j[kus ds fy;s ,slk djuk vko”;d gS] rks og lk/kkj.k ;k fo”ks’k vkKk }kjk O;oLFkk dj ldrh gS& ¼d½ vkKk ds vkns”kks a ds v/khu] lk/kkj.kr% gM+rkyks a ;k }kjkojks/kks a ds ;k fdlh vkS|ksfxd >xM+as l s lacaf/kr fdlh gM+rky ;k }kjkojks/k ds fu’ks/k ds fy;s] ¼[k½ ,slh vof/k ds fy;s tks vkKk es a crkbZ xbZ gks] ekfydks]a etnwjksa ;k nksuks a dks ukSdjh dks ,slh “krksZ a dk ikyu djus dh vkKk nsus ds fy;s tks mDr vkKk ds vuqlkj fu/kkZfjr dh tk;] ¼x½ ¿* * *À1 ¿¼x½ ekfyd vkSj etnwjks a ds chp es a lkSgknZ vkSj vPNs lEcU/k cuk; s j[kus vkSj vkS|ksfxd >xM+ksa dks le>kSrs }kjk r; djus ds fy;s ekfyd rFkk etnwjks a ds izfruf/k;kas dks lfefr fu;qDr djus ds fy;s vkSj mRiknu] laxBu] dY;k.k vkSj fuiq.krk ls laca/k j[kus okys fo’k;ks a ij ijke”kZ djus vkSj lykg nsus d s fy;s(À2 ¿¼?k½ vkKk es a mfYyf[kr jhfr ls vkS|ksfxd >xM+ksa dk fuiVkjk djus ds fufeRr le>kSrk cksM+kZsa dk la?kVu rFkk dk;Z lapkyu djus d s fy;s(À3 ¼M-½ lkoZtfud mi;ksfxrk dh fdlh lfoZl ;k fdlh lgk;d dkjksckj dks ;g vkKk nsus ds fy;s fd og mls cUn u djsa ;k cUn u jD[kas vkSj ,slh “krksZaa ds vuqlkj dk; Z djs a ;k dk;Z djrk jgs tk s lDr vkKk eas crkbZ tk;( 1- mRrj izns”k vf/kfu;e la[;k 1]1957 dh /kkjk 3 }kjk [k.M ¼x½ fudky fn;k x;kA 2- mRrj izns”k vf/kfu;e la[;k 25] 1950 dh /kkjk 2 }kjk u;s [k.M ^^x** ds :Ik es a c<+k;k x;k] tks mRrj izns”k vf/kfu;e la[;k 1] 1957 dh /kkjk 3 }kjk [k.M ^x* dj fn;k x;kA 3- mRrjk[k.M vf/kfu;e la[;k 24 o’kZ 2015 dh /kkjk 2 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 4- mÙkj izns”k vf/kfu;e la[;k 34 o’kZ 1978 dh /kkjk 2 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 5- mRrjk[k.M vf/kfu;e la[;k 24 o’kZ 2015 dh /kkjk 3 }kjk vr%LFkkfirA 35 ¿la;qDr izkUrh; vkS|ksfxd >xM+ksa dk ,sDV] lu~ 1947 bZ0À ¿/kkjk 3À ¼p½ fdlh O;fDr ¼ftls blds mijkUr vf/kdr` fu;ked dgk x;k gS½ dks lkoZtfud mi;ksfxrk dh fdlh lfoZl ;k fdlh dkjksckj ;k mlds fdlh Hkkx ds lEcU/k es a fu;a=.k ds ,sls drZO;ks a dk iz;ksx djus dk vf/kdkj nsdj tks mDr vkKk es a crk; s tk;]a ,slh lfoZl ;k dkjksckj ij fu;a=.k j[kus ds fy;s vkSj ,slh vkKk ds fudkyh tkus ij] mDr lfoZl ;k dkjksckj ;k dksbZ Hkkx] tSlh dh fLFkfr gks] mDr vkKk ds izpfyr jgus rd] mu vkns”kks a ds vuqlkj pyk;k tk;sxk] tks vf/kdr` fu;ked mDr vkKk ds vkns”kks a ds vUrxZr ns vkSj izR;sd O;fDr] tks ,slh lfoZl] dkjksckj ;k mlds fdlh Hkkx ds laca/k es a dksbZ izcU/k dk dk; Z djrk gks] ,sls vkns”kks a dk ikyu djsxk( ¼N½ fdUgha izklfaxd ;k iwjd fo’k;kas ds laca/k esa tks mDr vkns”k ds iz;kstuks a ds fy;s ¿jkT; ljdkjÀ1 dks vko”;d ;k mfpr izrhr gks(a viokn ;g gS fd okD;[k.M ¼[k½ ds v/khu fn;k gqvk dksbZ vkns”k& ¼1½ fdlh Lokeh ¼m|ksxifr½ dks lsok&lEcU/kh ,slh “krksZ a vkSj fu;eks a ds ikyu djus ds fy;s ck/; u djsxk tks dke djus okyks a ds fy;s mu “krksZa vkSj fu;eks a dh vis{kk de fgrdj gksa] tks vkns”k nsus dh rkjh[k ls iwoZ ds rhu eklkas es a fdlh le; Hkh mu ij ykxw FkAs ¼2½ ¿* * *À3 ¿3&d&& ¼1½ ;fn lkoZtfud mi;ksfxrk dks lfoZl dk dksbZ jkstxkj ;k O;olk; LkoZtfud mi;ksfxrk dh ;k vU; lgk;d /kU/kk cUn gks tk; ;k cUn gksus okyk gks] rks dqy fgLlsnkjks a dh la[;k esa lsok ¼lfoZl½ ,sls vk/ks ls vf/kd ds] ftudk mDr jkstxkj ;k O;olk; esa dqy feykdj 50 izfr”kr ls ds jkstxkj ;k vf/kd va”k gks] izkFkZuk&Ik= ij] jkT; ljdkj xtV es a izdkf”kr vkKk }kjk fdlh O;fDr dks O;olk; ,oa lgk;d /ka/kks a og jkstxkj ;k O;olk;] ,slh vof/k ds fy;s ml jhfr ds vkSj ml gn rd djus ds fy;s dk fu;a=.k vf/kdr` dj ldrh gS] tks vkKk eas fufnZ’V gks] fdUrq izfrcU/k ;g gS fd tc rd jkT; ljdkj dks ;g larks’k u gks tk; fd ,slk djuk turk dh vko”;d lsokvks a ¼,lsfU”k;y lfoZlst½ vkSj lkefxz;ks a ¼lIykbt½ dsk dk;e j[kus vkSj jkstxkj dks cuk; s j[kus d s fy;s vko”;d gS] tc rd bl izdkj dh dksbZ vkKk u nh tk;sxhA vkSj ;g Hkh izfrcU/k gS fd jkT; ljdkj le;&le; ij xtV es a izdkf”kr vkKk }kjk mi;qZDr vkKk eas nh gqbZ vof/k dks c<+k ldrh gSA ¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu vf/kdr` O;fDr] tc rd mDr lsok ¼lfoZl½ ;k /kU/kk lEcU/kh jkstxkj ;k O;olk; dj jgk gks& ¼d½ rc rd ,slk O;fDr ,slh lsok ¼lfoZl½ ;k /kU/kk ds lc dkeks a ds izcU/k dk vf/kdkjh gksxk vkSj QeZ dh vksj ls dksbZ djrs gq, ;k dk;Z djus ds fy;s vfHkizsr fdlh nwljs O;fDr dks dksbZ Hkh vf/kdkj u gksxkA iwokZsDr vf/kdr` O;fDr dks ;g vf/kdkj gksxk fd og izcU/k ds fy;s ,sls deZpkjh ;k vfHkdj.k ¼,tsUlh½ fu;qDr dj lds] ftls og mfpr le>s] ¼[k½ fgLlsnkjks a ;k fdlh nwljs O;fDr dks ;g vf/kdkj u gksxk fd og jkstxkj ;k O;olk; ds dke dks vius fu;a=.k es a j[k s ;k mlds pykus esa dksbZ Hkkx yas] ¼x½ ,sls O;fDr ds fo’k; es a ;g le>k tk;xk fd og mDr lsok ¼lfoZl½ ;k /kU?ks ds ,tsUV ds :Ik es a dke dj jgk gS vkSj ml O;fDr dks dos y ,sls izfrcU/kks a ds v/khu] tks jkT; ljdkj ml ij yxkos] mDr lsok ¼lfoZl½ ;k /kU/ks ds dkeksa ds izcU/k ds laca/k esa ,sls lc lkeF;Z vkSj vf/kdkj gksxa s tks mDr lsok ;k /ka/ks ds gksrs] ;fn mldk jkstxkj ;k O;olk; mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu u y s fy;k x;k gksrk] 1 mRrj izns”k vf/kfu;e 1] 1957 dh /kkjk 3 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2 mRrj izns”k vf/kfu;e 1] 1957 dh /kkjk 3 }kjk fudkyk x;kA 36 ¿la;qDr izkUrh; vkS|ksfxd >xM+ksa dk ,sDV] lu~ 1947 bZ0À ¿/kkjk 3&dÀ ¼?k½ mi;qZDr izcU/k ls laca/k j[kus okys ,sls ekeyksa ds fo’k; es]a tks jkT; ljdkj dh vkKk }kjk fufnZ’V fd;s tk;]a ,slk O;fDr fdlh ,sls vkHkkj ;k cU/ku ls ckf/kr u gksxk] tks ml ij ,slh lsok ¼lfoZl½ ;k /ka/ks ds ,tsUV ds :Ik es a fdlh fof/k] vkys[; ;k lafonk ds }kjk ;k v/khu yxk;s x;s gks]a ¼³½ ,sls O;fDr dks vf/kdkj gksxk fd og ,slh lsok ¼lfoZl½ ;k /ka/ks dh lEifRr ls] mi;qZDr izcU/k ds vFkok mlds vkuq’kafxd lc ykxr] Hkkj vkSj O;; vkSj ,slk osru] tks jkT; ljdkj fuf”pr djs]a j[k yos sA ¼3½ dksbZ O;fDr] tks mDr lsok ;k /ka/ks lEcU/kh jkstxkj ;k O;olk; djus ds fy;s mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu vf/kdr` fd;k x;k gks] ,sls jkstxkj ;k O;olk; ds izcU/k djus esa ln~Hkkouk ls fd;s gq, dk;ka sZ ds fy;s tkrh rkSj ls mRrjnk;h u gksxkA ¼4½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu vkKk ds izdkf”kr gksus ij jkT; ljdkj vkKk }kjk mDr lsok vkSj /ka/ks ds fgLlsnkjks]a MkbjsDVjks a lsdsVjh vkSj eSustj dks ;k fdlh nwljs ,sls O;fDr dks] tks mlds izcU/k dh ns[k&js[k djrk gks] ;g vkns”k nsxh fd og mDr lsok ;k /ka/ks d s jkstxkj ;k O;olk; dk izcU/k mDr vkKk eas mfYyf[kr O;fDr dks lkSai nsA ¼5½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu vf/kd`r O;fDr ds fuosnu ij dyDs Vj mDr lsok ;k /ka/ks ;k dke mDr O;fDr dks lkSai nsxk vkSj ,slk dk;Z dj ;k djk ldsxk vkSj ,sls cy dk iz;ksx dj ;k djk ldsxk] tks bl iz;kstu ds fy;s vko”;d gksAÀ1 3&[k&& ;fn mRrj izns”k vkS|ksfxd >xM+ksa dk ¼la”kks/kd½ vf/kfu;e] 1950 bZ- ds /kkjk 3 ¼p½ ds izkjEHk ds fnukad ls Bhd ifg;s ds fnukad ij dbZ] O;fDr /kkjk 3 ds [k.M ¼p½ ds v/khu v/khu fu;a=.k dks miHkksx es a nh x;h ek=k ds vuqlkj lkoZtfud mi;ksfxrk dh lsok ¼lfoZl½ ;k fdlh lgk;d /kU/ks ykrs gq, O;fDr ds fo’k; es a fu;a=.k mi;ksx es a ykrk jgk gks] rks mDr [k.M ;k /kkjk 3& d d s fdlh ckr dh /kkjk 3& d d s jgrs gq, Hkh mlds fo’k; es a ;g le>k tk;xk fd mDr ,sDV ds izkjEHk ls gh og ,slk ds v/khu O;fDr jgk gS] tks /kkjk 3&d ds vuqlkj vkSj mlds v/khu oS/k :Ik ls vf/kdr` fd;k x;k fu;qDr gqvk Fkk vkSj mi;qZDr vkKk dk mlh izdkj izHkko gksxk ekuks og /kkjk 3&d ds v/khu ;Fkkor le>k tkukA vkSj oS/k :Ik ls nh x;h FkhA 4&& ¿* * *À2 3¿4&d&& ¼1½ jkT; ljdkj] ljdkjh xtV es a foKfIr }kjk] izFke vuqlwph es a Je U;k;ky; mfYyf[kr fdlh ekey s ds laca/k es]a vkS|ksfxd >xM+ksa ds fu.kZ; ds fy;s rFkk fdlh ,sls vU; dk; Z ds laiknu ds fy;s tks bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu mUgas lkSik tk;] ,d ;k ,dkf/kd U;k;ky;ks a dks l?a kfVr dj ldrh gSA ¼2½ Je U;k;ky; es a dsoy ,d O;fDr gksxk] ftls jkT; ljdkj fu;qDr djsxhA ¼3½ dksbZ Hkh O;fDr Je U;k;ky; ds ihBklhu vf/kdkj ¼Presiding Officer½ ds :Ik es a fu;qDr gksus d s fy;s rc rd vgZ u gksxk tc rd& ¿¼d½ og rhu o’kksZ a ls vU;uw vof/k rd ftyk tt ;k vij ftyk tt u jgk gks] vFkok ¼[k½ mlus nks o’kksZ a ls vU;uw vof/k rd bUMfLVª;y ¼vihysV VªhC;quy½ ,sDV] 1950 ds v/khu la?kfVr Je vihy U;k;f/kdj.k ¼yos j vihysV VªhC;quy½ ds ;k fdlh U;k;kf/kdj.k ds psjeSu vFkok fdlh vU; lnL; dk in u xzg.k fd;k gks] vFkok &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 1- mRrj izns”k vf/kfu;e la- 25] 1950 dh /kkjk 3 }kjk c<+k;h x;hA 2- mRrj izns”k vf/kfu;e la- 1] 1957 dh /kkjk 4 }kjk /kkjk 4 fudky nh x;hA 3- mRrj izns”k vf/kfu;e la- 1] 1957 }kjk /kkjk 4&d ls 4&V rd tksM+h x;hA 37 ¿la;qDr izkUrh; vkS|ksfxd >xM+ksa dk ,sDV] lu~ 1947 bZ0À ¿/kkjk 3[k&4dÀ ¼x½ og ikap o’kksZ a ls vU;uw vof/k rd fdlh izkUrh; vf/kfu;e vFkok jkT; vf/kfu;e ds v/khu la?kfVr Je U;k;ky; dk ihBklhu vf/kdkjh u jgk gks] vFkokÀ1 ¼?k½ mlus lkB o’kksa Z ls vU;uw vof/k rd ds fy;s Hkkjr esa dksbZ U;kf;d in ¼Judicial Office½ u xzg.k fd;k gks] vFkok ¼³½ /kkjk 4&?k ds v/khu rS;kj dh x;h lwph es a mldk uke ntZ u gksA 4&[k&& ¼1½ jkT; ljdkj ljdkjh xtV esa foKfIr }kjk izFke vFkok U;k;kf/kdj.k f}rh; vuqlwph esa mfYyf[kr fdlh Hkh ekeys ds laca/k es a vkS|ksfxd >xM+ksa dk fu.kZ; djus ds fy;s ,d vFkok ,dkf/kd vkS|ksfxd U;k;kf/kdj.k la?kfVr dj ldrh gSA ¼2½ U;k;kf/kdj.k es a flok; ml n”kk ds tc fd /kkjk 5&d ds v/khu dksbZ vUI; O;oLFkk dh xbZ gsk] dsoy ,d O;fDr gksxk ftls jkT; ljdkj fu;qDr djsxhA ¼3½ dksbZ Hkh O;fDr fdlh U;k;kf/kdj.k dk ihBklhu vf/kdkjh gksus ds fy;s rc rd vgZ u gksxk tc rd fd & ¼d½ og fdlh gkbZdksV dk tt u gks vFkok u jgk gks] vFkok ¿¼dd½ og rhu o’kksZ a ls vU;uw vof/k rd ftyk tt ;k vij ftyk tt u jgk gks] vFkokÀ1 ¼[k½ og baMfLVª;y fMLI;Vw ~l ¼vihysV VªhC;wuy½ ,sDV] 1950 ds v/khu ,sDV la[;k 48]1950 la?kfVr fdlh Je vihy U;k;kf/kdj.k ¼Labour Appellate Tribunal½ dk nks o’kZ ls vU;uw vof/k ds fy;s vFkok la;qDr izkUrh; vkS|ksfxd >xM+ksa dk ,sDV] 1947 bZ- la;qDr izkUr ,sDV ds v/khu la?kfVr fdlh U;k;kf/kdj.k dk ikap o’kZ ls vU;uw fdlh vof/k ds fy;s la[;k 28]1947 ps;jeSu vFkok vU; fdlh lnL; ds :Ik es a inklhu ujgk gks] vFkok ¼x½ mldk uke /kkjk 4&?k ds v/khu rS;kj dh xbZ lwph es a ntZ u gksA ¼4½ jkT; ljdkj] ;fn og vko”;d le>s] U;k;kf/kdj.k dks mlds le{k izLrqr dk;oZ kfg;ks a ds laca/k es a ijke”kZ nsus ds fy;s vlsljksa ds :Ik esa nks O;fDr;ks a rd dh fu;qfDr dj ldrh gSA 4&x&& dksbZ Hkh O;fDr Je U;k;ky; vFkok U;k;kf/kdj.k ds ihBklhu Je U;k;ky; vFkok vf/kdkjh ds in ij u rks fu;qDr fd;k tk;xs k vkSj u cuk jgsxk ;fn& U;k;kf/kdj.k ds ihBklhu vf/kdkjh dh vugZrk,a ¼1½ og Lora= ¼independent½ O;fDr u gks] vFkok ¼2½ mlus 65 o’kZ dh vk; q izkIr dj yh gksA 4&?k&& /kkjk 4 d ds v/khu Je U;k;ky; rFkk /kkjk 4&[k ds v/khu Je U;k;ky; rFkk vkS+|ksfxd U;k;kf/kdj.k fufeZr djus d s iz;kstu ls jkT; ljdkj& U;k;kf/kdj.k ds ihBklhu vf/kdkjh ds in ij ¼d½ mu lHkh O;fDr;ksa dh ,d lwph tks fdlh Je U;k;ky; ds fu;qDr ds fufeZr ihBklhu vf/kdkjh fu;qDr fd;s tk lds]a rFkk O;fDr;ks a dh lwfp;ka ¼[k½ mu lHkh O;fDr;ks a dh ,d lwph tks fdlh vkS+|ksfxd U;k;kf/kdj.k ds ihBklhu vf/kdkjh fu;qDr fd;s tk lds] Ckuok;sxh rFkk ml lwph dks] mlesa ,sls ifjorZuks a ¼alterations½ dk lekos”k djrs gq, j[kxs h] ftldh lwpuk /kkjk 4&M- ds v/khu fu;qDr lfefr le;&le; ij izLrqr djsA 1- mRrj izns”k vf/kfu;e la- 2] 1966 dh /kkjk 2 }kjk ewy [k.M ¼d½ o ¼[k½ dks [k.M ¼?k½ o ¼M½ ds :Ik es a Ikqu% v{kfjr fd;k x;k vkSj u, [k.M ¼d½ ls ¼x½ c<+k fn;s x;sA 2- mRrj izns”k vf/kfu;e la[;k 2] 1966 dh /kkjk 3 }kjk tksM+h x;hA 38 ¿la;qDr izkUrh; vkS|ksfxd >xM+ksa dk ,sDV] lu~ 1947 bZ0À ¿/kkjk &4³À 4&³&& ¿¼1½ jkT; ljdkj] ,d lfefr la?kfVr djsxh] ftles a fuEufyf[kr /kkjk 4&?k ds v/khu gksxa s& lwfp;ka rS;kj djus ds fufeRr lfefr ¼ad½ mPp U;k;ky; ds eq[; U;k;k/kh”k }kjk uke&fufnZ’V mPp U;k;ky; ds nks U;k;k/kh”k] U;k;k/kh”k] tks T;s’B gks] v/;{k gksxk( ¼[k½ jkT; ljdkj dk eq[; lfpo( ¼x½ Je foHkkx es a jkT; ljdkj dk ;FkkfLFkfr] izeq[k lfpo ;k lfpo( ¼?k½ fo/kk;h foHkkx es a jkT; ljdkj dk izeq[k lfpo( ¼³½ U;k; foHkkx es a jkT; ljdkj dk izeq[k lfpo( ¼p½ Jek;Dq r] mÙkj izns”k( ¼N½ jkT; ljdkj }kjk fu;qDr dksbZ O;fDr] tks fdlh yksd lsok vk;kxs dk lnL; gks ;k jgk gksAÀ1 ¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu la?kfVr lfefr /kkjk 4&?k es a mfYyf[kr lwfp;ka fu;r jhfr ls& ¼d½ mDr /kkjk ds [kUM ¼d½ es a mfYyf[kr lwph dh n”kk es]a Je rFkkm|ksx ls lEc) fo’k;kas es a O;fDr dks f”k{kk rFkk O;kogkfjd vuqHko dk /;ku j[krs gq,] rFkk ¼[k½ mlds [k.M ¼[k½ esa mfYyf[kr lwph dh n”kk es a O;fDr dh mu fo’k;kas dh fo”ks’k tkudkjh dk Hkh /;ku j[krs gq, rS;kj djsxhA ¿¼3½ dksbZ Hkh O;fDr] tks jkT; mPprj U;kf;d lsok ;k mÙkj izns”k U;kf;d lsok dk lnL; u gks ;k u jgk gks ;k tks Hkkjrh; iz”kklfud lsok dk ;k jkT; Je lsok dk ,slk lnL; u gks ;k u jgk gks] ftls U;k; O;oLFkk dk rhu o’kZ ls vU;uw vof/k dk vuqHko gks ;k tks jkT; flfoy los k ¼dk;Zdkjh “kk[kk½ dk ,slk lnL; u gks ;k u jgk gks] ftls jkT; ds Je foHkkx eas de ls de rhu o’kZ dk; Z djus dk vuqHko gks vkSj U;k; Oo;LFkk dk rhu o’kZ ls vU;uw vof/k dk vuqHko gks] mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds v/khu rS;kj dh xbZ lwfp;ks a esa ukekadu ds fy, ik= u gksxkAÀ2 4&Pk&&¼1½ jkT; ljdkj ljdkjh xtV es a foKfIr izdkf”kr djds mrus Lke>kSrk vf/kdkjh O;fDr;ks a dks] ftruks a dks og mfpr le>s] fu;r dh tkus okyh jhfr ls vkS|ksfxd >xM+ksa es a e/;kLFkrk djus rFkk mUgs a fuiVkus ds dRRkZO; dk ikyu djus ds fufer le>kSrk vf/kdkjh fu;qDr dj ldrh gSA ¼2½ le>kSrk vf/kdkjh fdlh Hkh fufnZ’V {ks= vFkok {ks=ks a ds fufeRr fu;qDr fd;k tk ldrk gSSA 4&N&& ;fn fdlh dkj.ko”k Je U;k;ky; vFkok U;k;kf/kdj.k ds ihBklhu fjfDr;ks a dh iwfrZ vf/kdkjh dk in fjDr gks tk; rks jkt; ljdkj bl vf/kfu;e ds micU/kks a ds vuqlkj fdlh vU; O;fDr dks fjfDr iwfrZ ds fufeZRr fu;qDr djsxh vkSj ;FkkfLFkfr Je U;k;ky; vFkok U;k;kf/kdj.k ds le{k mlh pj.k ¼stage½ ls] tc fd fjfDr iwfrZ gqbZ gks] dk;Zokgh tkjh jD[kh tk;xhA 1- mRrj izns”k vf/kfu;e la- 21] 2000 dh /kkjk 2 ¼d½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 2 ¼[k½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 39 ¿la;qDr izkUrh; vkS|ksfxd >xM+ksa dk ,sDV] lu~ 1947 bZ0À ¿/kkjk 4t&4VÀ 4&Tk&& cksMZ es fdlh Hkh O;fDr dh vFkok Je U;k;ky; vFkok U;k;kf/kdj.k vkKkvks a dk vfUre :Ik es a ihBklhu vf/kdkjh dh fu;qfDr laca/kh jkT; ljdkj dh vkKk ij fdlh Hkh jhfr ls nsuk ¼finality of vkifRr u dh tk ldsxh rFkk fdlh Hkh cksMZ] Je U;k;ky; vFkok U;k;kf/kdj.k ds orders½ le{k fd;s x;s fdlh Hkh dk;Z vFkok dh x;h fdlh Hkh dk;oZ kgh ij fdlh Hkh jhfr ls dsoy bl vk/kkj ij vkifRr u dh tk ldsxh fd ,sls cksMZ] Je U;k;ky; vFkok U;k;kf/kdj.k ds la?kVu es a dksbZ nks’k Fkk vFkok mles a dksbZ fjDr jg xbZ FkhA 4&>&& dksbZ Hkh ekfyd] tks r`rh; vuqlwph es a mfYyf[kr fdlh fo’k; ds IkfjorZu dh uksfVl laca/k es a fdlh etnwj dh lsok ds izfrcU/kks a es a dksbZ ifjorZu djuk pkgs] ,slk ifjorZu& ¼d½ ,sls etnwjks a dks] ftu ij ,sls ifjorZu dk izHkko iM+us dh laHkkouk] gks] fd;s tkus okys izLrkfor ifjorZu ds Lo:Ik dh fu;r jhfr ls lwpuk fn;s cuk] rFkk ¼[k½ ,slh uksfVl nsus dss 21 fnu ds Hkhrj] u dj ldsxk( fdUrq izfrcU/k ;g gS fd ,slh n”kk es a mi;qZDr dksbZ ifjorZu dk;kfZUor djus ds fy;s dksbZ uksfVl vko”;d u gksxk tcfd& ¼1½ ifjorZu baMfLVª;y fMLI;Vw ~l ¼vihysV fVªC;wuy½ ,sDV] 1950 ds v/khu la?kfVr fdlh ikSuokZfnd U;k;kf/kdj.k ¼Appellate Tribunal½ ds fdlh Hkh fuiVkjs] iap&fu.kZ; vFkok fu.kZ; ds vuqlkj gks] vFkok ¿¼2½ ifjorZu dk izHkko ftu etnwjks a ij iM+us dh laHkkouk gks] os ,sls O;fDr gks]a ftu ij QUMkesUVy ,sUM lIyhesUVjh :Yl] flfoy lfoZlst ¼DyklhfQds”ku] daVªksy ,sUM vihy½ :yl] flfoy lfoZlst ¼VsEiksjsjh lfoZl½ :Yl] flfoy lfoZl jsxqys”kUl vFkok dksbZ vU; fu;e vFkok fofu;e ykxw gksrs gks]a tks jkT; ljdkj }kjk ,rnFkZ ljdkjh xtV esa foKkfir fd;s tk;aAÀ1 4&´&& tc jkT; ljdkj dh jk; esa vkS|ksfxd laLFkkvks a Lkjdkj dk eqDr ¼Establishmens½ ds fdlh oxZ ij vFkok fdlh vkS|ksfxd laLFkk es a fu;qDr ds ¼exempt½ djus dk vf/kdkj fdlh oxZ ij /kkjk 4&> ds micU/kks a ds ykxw gksus ls rRlacaf/kr ekfydks a ij ,slk izfrdwy izHkko iM+]s ftldk fd lEc) m|ksx ij xaHkhj nq’ifj.kke gks ldrk gks vkSj lkFk gh lkoZtfud fgr es a ,slk djuk vko”;d gks rks jkT; ljdkj ljdkjh xtV es a foKfIr izdkf”kr djds vkns”k ns ldrh gS fd mDr /kkjk ds micU/k vkS|ksfxd laLFkkvks a ds ml oxZ ij vFkok fdlh vkS|ksfxd laLFkk es a fu;qDr etnwjks a ds ml oxZ ij ykxw u gksxa s vFkok ,sls izfrc/kks a ds v/khu jgrs gq, ykxw gksxa s tks foKfIr es a fufnZ’V dj fn;s tk;aA 4&V&& tc jkT; ljdkj dh jk; es a dksbZ vkS|ksfxd >xM+k fo|eku gks Je U;k;ky; vFkok vFkok mldh vk”kda k gks rks og fdlh Hkh le; fyf[kr vkKk nsdj ml >xM+s dks U;k;kf/kdj.k dks fooknks a vFkok mlls lac) vFkok laxr izrhr gksus okys fdlh Hkh fo’k; dsk fu.kZ; ds fy;s dk vfHkns”k ¼ reference½ ;fn vkS|ksfxd >xM+ s dk fo’k; mu fo’k;kas es a ls ,d gks] tks izFke vuqlwph es a mfYyf[kr gS] rks fdlh Je U;k;ky; dks vkSj ;fn og fo’k; izFke vFkok f}rh; vuqlwph ds mfYyf[kr gks rks mls fdlh U;k;kf/kdj.k dks lkSai ldrh gS( fdUrq izfrcU/k ;g gS fd tc fookn fdlh ,sls fo’k; l s lEc) gks tks f}rh; vuqlwph es a fufnZ’V gks vkSj mlls ,d lkS ls vf/kd etnwjks a ij izHkko iM+us dh laHkkouk u gks rks jkT; ljdkj] ;fn og mfpr le>s] mls Je U;k;ky; dks vfHkfn’V dj ldrh gSAÀ2 1- mRrj izns”k vf/kfu;e la- 23] 1957 dh /kkjk 3 }kjk izfrLFkfirA 2- mRrj izns”k vf/kfu;e la- 1] 1957 dh /kkjk 4 }kjk /kkjk 4&d ls 4&V rd tksM+h x;hA 40 ¿la;qDr izkUrh; vkS|ksfxd >xM+ksa dk ,sDV] lu~ 1947 bZ0À ¿/kkjk 5&4[kÀ ¿4&B&& ¼1½ ,sls izR;sd vkS|ksfxd LFkkiu es a ftlesa chl ;k vf/kd deZdkj f”kdk;r izfrrks’k.k ra= dh LFkkiuk fu;ksftr gSa] O;f’Vd f”kdk;rks a ls mn~Hkwr gksus okys fooknks a ds gy ds fy, ,d ;k vf/kd f”kdk;r izfrrks’k.k lfefr gksxhA ¼2½ f”kdk;r izfrrks’k.k lfefr fu;kstd vkSj deZdkjks a ls cjkcj la[;k es a lnL;ks a ls feydj cusxhA ¼3½ f”kdk;r izfrrks’k.k lfefr ds v/;{k dk p;u fu;kstd ls vkSj deZdkjks a es a ls vkuqdfYid :i es a izR;sd o’kZ pdzkuqdze es a fd;k tk;xs kA ¼4½ f”kdk;r izfrrks’k.k lfefr ds lnL;ks a dh dqy la[;k N% ls vf/kd ugh gksxh( ijUrq ;g fd ;fn f”kdk;r izfrrks’k.k lfefr es a nks lnL; gSa rks ;Fkklk/; ,d efgyk lnL; gksxh vkSj ;fn lnL;ksa dh la[;k nks ls vf/kd gS rks efgyk lnL;ks a dh la[;k es a vkuqikfrd :i ls o`f) dh tk ldsxhA ¼5½ bl /kkjk es a fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh] f”kdk;r izfrrks’k.k lfefr ds xBu ls deZdkj ds mlh fo’k; ds laca/k es a vkS|ksfxd fookn dks bl vf/kfu;e ds mica/kks a ds v/khu mBkus d s vf/kdkj ij dksbZ izHkko ugh iMsxkA ¼6½ f”kdk;r izfrrks’k.k lfefr viuh dk;oZ kfg;ks a dks O;fFkr i{kdkj }kjk ;k mldh vksj ls fyf[kr vkosnu dh izkfIr ij rhl fnu ds Hkhrj iwjk dj ldsxhA ¼7½ ,slk deZdkj tks f”kdk;r izfrrks’k.k lfefr ds fofu”p; ls O;fFkr gS] f”kdk;r izfrrks’k.k lfefr ds fofu”p; ds fo:) fu;kstd dks vihy dj ldsxk vkSj fu;kstd ,slh vihy dh izkfIr dh rkjh[k ls ,d ekl ds Hkhrj] mldk fuiVkjk djsxk vkSj lacaf/kr deZdkj dks vius fofu”p; dh ,d izfr HkstsxkAÀ1 1& mRrjk[k.M vf/kfu;e la[;k 24 o’kZ 2015 dh /kkjk 4 }kjk varLFkkfirA 41 ¿la;qDr izkUrh; vkS|ksfxd >xM+ksa dk ,sDV] lu~ 1947 bZ0À ¿/kkjk 5&4[kÀ 5&& ¼1½ Tkc dksbZ vkS|ksfxd fookn] tks ¿/kkjk 4&VÀ1 ds v/khu fu.kZ; ds fy;s fdlh fu.kZ; laca/kh lkSaik x;k gks] fdlh ,d gh fo”ks’k m|ksx ds laca/k es a vFkok m|ksxks a ds lewg ds laca/k es a dk;Zokgh es a vU; m|ksxks dk lekos”k mRiUu gqvk gks rks jkT; ljdkj dks vf/kdkj gksxk fd og fu.kZ; laca/kh dkjZokbZ esa fdlh djus dk vf/kdkj vU; m|ksx dk Hkh ;k rks Lo;a gh ;k bl laca/k es a izkIr izkFkZuk&Ik= ds vk/kkj ij lekos”k djs pkgs mls m|ksx es a ml le; dksbZ vkS|ksfxd fookn mifLFkr gks vFkok u gksA viokn ;g gS fd jkT; ljdkj bl ckr ls larq’V gks fd& ¼1½ ml m|ksx ea]s ftldks bl izdkj lekfo’V djuk gS] mlh <ax dk /kU/kk ;k dke gksrk gS] ftl izdkj dk ml m|ksx ;k m|kksxks a ds lewg ea s gksrk gS] ftleas ;k ftuea s fu.kZ; djus d s fy, lkSaik gqvk vkS|ksfxd fookn mRiUu gqvk gS( vkSj ¿* * *À2 ¼2½ fu.kZ; djus ds fy;s lkSais gq, vkS|ksfxd fookn ds fopkj.kh; fo’k;kas ds dkj.k ml m|ksx es a ftldks bl izdkj lekfo’V djuk gS ;k rks igy s ls gh mlh izdkj dk fookn mRiUu gks x;k gS ;k os ,sls fo’k; gSa ftuds dkj.k orZeku ifjfLFkfr es a mlds mRiUu gksus dk s mfpr :Ik ls vk”kk dh tk ldrh gSA ¼2½ tc mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu fu.kZ; laca/kh dkjZokgh es a fdlh vU; m|ksx dk lekos”k dj fy;k tk;] rks tks bl ,sDV ds v/khu fn;s gq, fdlh ,sls vkns”k ds funs”Z k ml n”kk ds vfrfjr] ftldh O;oLFkk blds foijhr ,sls fdlh vkns”k ;k fu.kZ; es a Li’Vr% dh xbZ gks ,sls m|ksx ij ;k mlds laca/k es a ml izdkj ls ykxw gksxa s] ftl izdkj os fdlh ,sls m|ksx ;k m|ksx lewg ij ;k muds laca/k esa ykxw gksrs gSa] ftlesa fu.kZ; djus ds fy;s lkSaik gqvk vkS|ksfxd fookn mRiUu gqvk FkkA ¿5&d&& ¼1½ tc dksbZ vkS|ksfxd >xM+k /kkjk 4&V ds v/khu fdlh vkS|ksfxd U;k;kf/kdj.k dh U;k;kf/kdj.k dks lkSaik tk; rks jkT; ljdkj] >xM+ s ds izdkj ,oa m|ksx ij vFkok fo”ks’k jpuk mlds fdlh Hkkx ij mlds fu.kZ; ds lEHkkO; izHkko dk /;ku j[krs gq, vFkok ;fn >xM+k ,slk gks] ftlls lEHkor% ,dkf/kd vkS|ksfxd laLFkkvks a ij izHkko iM+rk gks] ;fn mlds fopkj es a ,slk djuk vko”;d gks] rks mDr /kkjk es a fdlh Hkh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh rhu O;fDr;ks a dk ,d U;k;kf/kdj.k la?kfVr dj ldrh gS ftles a ls ,d O;fDr] ftls jkT; ljdkj ukeksfn~’V djsxh] v/;{k gksxkA ¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ es a dh xbZ O;oLFkk dks NksM+dj vkS|ksfxd U;k;kf/kdj.k ds la?kVu] fu;qDr fd, tkus okys O;fDr;ks a dks vgZrkvks a vkSj vugZrkvks]a ,sls U;k;kf/kdj.kks a ds vf/kdkj vkSj drZO;] muds }kjk vkS|ksfxd >xM+ksa dh lquokbZ vkSj fuLrkj.k es a vuqlj.kh; izfdz;k] fu.kZ; ds iznku] blds ifj’dkj rFkk bldh dk;kfZUofr ls lEc) bl vf/kfu;e ds leLr micU/k vko”;d ifjorZuks a lfgr bl /kkjk ds v/khu la?kfVr U;k;kf/kdj.k ij ykxw gkasxsA >xM+ksa dk e/;LFk 5&[k&& ¼1½ tc dksbZ vkS|ksfxd >xM+k fo|eku gks vFkok mldh vk”kda k gks fu.kZ; rFkk ekfyd vkSj etnwj ml >xM+ s dks e/;LFk fu.kZ; ds fy, vfHkfn’V djus ij ¼arbitration½ ,der gks a rks os /kkjk 4&V ds v/khu fdlh Je U;k;ky; vFkok U;k;kf/kdj.k dks fy, LosPNkiwoZd >xM+k vfHkfn’V djus ls iwoZ mls fyf[kr djkj ¼agreement½ djds e/;LFk fu.kZ; ds lkSaik tkuk fufeRr lkSai ldrs gSa rFkk ;g vfHkns”k ¼reference½ ,sls O;fDr vFkok O;fDR;ks a dks ¼ftlds vUrxZr Je U;k;ky; vFkok U;k;kf/kdj.k ds ihBklhu vf/kdkjh Hkh gSa½ e/;LFk vFkok e/;LFk ds :Ik es a gksxk tks e/;LFk fu.kZ; lEcU/kh djkj es a mfYyf[kr gksAa 1- mRrj izns”k vf/kfu;e la- 1] 1957 dh 5 ¼1½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- mRrj izns”k vf/kfu;e la- 1] 1957 dh /kkjk 5 ¼2½ fudkyh x;h vkSj [k.M ¼3½dh [k.M ¼2½ ds :Ik es a iqu% la[;kafdr fd;k x;kA 42 ¿la;qDr izkUrh; vkS|ksfxd >xM+ksa dk ,sDV] lu~ 1947 bZ0À ¿/kkjk 5x&4?kÀ ¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ esa vfHkfn’V e/;LFkrk lEcU/kh djkj ,sls :Ik es a gksxk rFkk ,sDV la[;k 10]1940 lEc) Ik{kks a }kjk ,slh jhfr ls gLrk{kfjr gksxk tks fu;r dh tk;A ¼3½ e/;LFkrk lEcU/kh djkj dh ,d&,d izfr jkT; ljdkj] lEcfU/kr le>kSrk vf/kdkjh rFkk Je dfe”uj dks vxzLkkfjr dh tk;sxh rFkk jkT; ljdkj ,slh izfr ds izkIr gksus pkSng fnu ds Hkhrj] mls ljdkjh xtV esa izdkf”kr djsxhA ¼4½ e/;LFk vFkok e/;LFk&x.k >xM+ s dh Nkuchu djsxa s rFkk ;FkkfLFkfr e/;LFk vFkok e/;Fkks a }kjk gLrk{kfjr e/;LFk fu.kZ; jkT; ljdkj ds ikl izLrqr djsxa sA ¼5½ vkfcVsª”ku ,sDV] 1940 dh dksbZ Hkh ckr bl /kkjk ds v/khu e/;LFk fu.kZ; ij ykxw u gksxhA 5&x&& ¼1½ mu fu;eksa ds v/khu jgrs gq,] tks bl lEcU/k es cuk, tk;]a CkksMksa]Z Je U;k;ky;ks a rFkk U;k;kf/kdj.kks a dh dksbZ Hkh e/;LFk] Je U;k;ky; vFkok U;k;kf/kdj.k ,slh izfdz;k ¼ procedure½ dk izfdz;k rFkk muds vuqlj.k djsxa s ftls e/;LFk vFkok Je U;k;ky; vFkok U;k;kf/kdj.k mfpr le>sAa vf/kdkj ¼2½ Je U;k;ky; vFkok U;k;kf/kdj.k dk dksbZ ihBklhu vf/kdkjh fdlh fo|eku vFkok vk”kafdr vkS|ksfxd >xM+s dh tkap ds iz;kstu ls mfpr uksfVl ns nsus ds Ik”pkr] fdlh ,slh laLFkk ¼establishment½ }kjk v/;kflr Hkw&x`gkfn es a izos”k dj ldrk gS ftlls fd >xM+k lEc) gksA ¼3½ izR;sd cksMZ] Je U;k;ky; rFkk U;k;kf/kdj.k dks fuEufyf[kr fo’k;ks a ds ,sDV la[;k 5] 1908 lEcU/k es a fdlh eqdnes a dk ijh{k.k djrs le; ogh vf/kdkj izkIr gksxa s tks dksM vkQ flfoy izkslhtj] 1908 ds v/khu fdlh nhokuh U;k;ky; es a fufgr jgrs gSa] ;Fkk ¼d½ fdlh O;fDr dh mifLFkfr izkIr djuk rFkk mls “kiFk fnyk dj vFkok izfrKku vFkok vU; fdlh izdkj mldk ijh{k.k djuk] ¼[k½ y[s ;ks a rFkk LFkwy oLrqvks a ¼material objects½ dks izkIr djus rFkk mUgas izLrqr djus dh vis{kk djuk] ¼x½ lkf{k;kas d s ijh{k.k ds fy, deh”ku tkjh djuk] ¼?k½ fdlh >xM+ s ls lEc) laifRr vFkok fdlh oLrq dk] ftlds vUrxZr e”khus a Hkh gSa] fujh{k.k djuk] rFkk ¼³½ vU; ,sls fo’k;] tks fu;r fd, tk;a] RkFkk fdlh Hkh Je U;k;ky;] vFkok U;k;kf/kdj.k }kjk dh x;h izR;sd tkap ,sDV la[;k 45] 1860 ;k vuqla/kku bafM;u isuy dksM dh /kkjk 193 rFkk 228 ds iz;kstuks a ds vFk Z es a U;kf;d dk;oZ kgh ¼judicial proceeding½ le>h tk;xhA 43 ¿la;qDr izkUrh; vkS|ksfxd >xM+ksa dk ,sDV] lu~ 1947 bZ0À ¿/kkjk 5?kÀ ¿¼4½ Je U;k;ky; vFkok vf/kdj.k }kjk fn, x, izR;sd iapkV] tkjh vkns”k ;k mld le{k fd, x, le>kSrs dk fu’iknu lfoy izfdz;k lafgrk] 1908 ds vkns”k 21 ds v/khu flfoy U;k;ky; ds vkns”kks a vkSj fMdzh ds fu’iknu ds fy, vf/kdfFkr izfdz;k ds vuqlkj fd;k tk;xs kA ¼5½ ;FkkfLFkfr] Je U;k;ky; vFkok vf/kdj.k fdlh iapkV] vkns”k ;k le>kSrs dks vf/kdkfjrk j[kus okys fdlh flfoy U;k;ky; dks ikjsf’kr djsxk vkSj ,slk flfoy U;k;ky; ml iapkV] vkns”k ;k le>kSrs dk fu’iknu ,sls djsxk og mlds }kjk ikfjr dh xbZ fMdzh gksAÀ1 5&?k&& ¼1½ dksbZ le>kSrk vf/kdkjh fdlh Hkh ,sls y[s ; dks eaxk ldrk gS Lke>kSrk vf/kdkjh dk vf/kdkj vkSj mldk fujh{k.k dj ldrkgS ftls og fdUgha dkj.kks a ds vk/kkj ij vkS|ksfxd >xM+ s ls lqlaxr le>rk gks vFkok bl vf/kfu;e ds vUrxZr vius fdlh vU; drZO; dks iwjk djus ds fufeRr vko”;d le>rk gS vkSj mi;qZDr iz;kstuks a ds fy, le>kSrk vf/kdkjh dks ogha vf/kdkj gksaxs tks fd dksM vkQ flfoy izkslhtj] 1908 ds vUrxZr y[s ;ksa ¼documents½ dks vius le{k izLrqr djkus ds fo’k; esa fdlh nhokuh U;k;ky; es a fufgr gksrs gSaA ¼2½ dksbZ le>kSrk vf/kdkjh fdlh Hkh fo|eku vFkok vk”kafdr >xM+ s dh tkap djus ds iz;kstu ls mfpr ¼reasonable½ uksfVl nsus ds Ik”pkr~ fdlh Hkh laLFkk }kjk v/;kflr fdlh Hkw&x`gkfn es a izos”k dj ldrk gSA 1& mRrjk[k.M vf/kfu;e la[;k 24 o’kZ 2015 dh /kkjk 5 }kjk var%LFkkfirA 44 ¿la;qDr izkUrh; vkS|ksfxd >xM+ksa dk ,sDV] lu~ 1947 bZ0À ¿/kkjk 5³&6À 5&³&& bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu cuk, x, fu;eks a ds v/khu jgrs gq, fdlh O;; dk iznku e/;LFk vFkok Je U;k;ky; vFkok U;k;kf/kdj.k ds le{k fdlh dk;oZ kgh dk O;; vFkok vkuq’kafxd O;;] e/;LFk] Je U;k;ky; vFkok U;k;f/kdj.k ds foosdk/khu gksxk rFkk e/;LFk] Je U;k;ky; vFkok U;k;kf/kdj.k] tSlh Hkh n”kk gks] dks iw.kZ vf/kdkj gksxk fd og vo/kkfjr djs a fd fdlds }kjk vkSj ftldks vkSj fdl lhek rd vkSj fdu izfrcU/kks a ds v/khu] ;fn dksbZ gks]a ,slk O;; vnk fd;k tk; rFkk mls mi;qZDr iz;kstu ds fufer leLr vkns”k nsus dk vf/kdkj gksxk rFkk ,sls O;;] O;; ikus dk vf/kdkj j[kus okys O;fDr }kjk jkT; ljdkj dks izkFkZuk&Ik= fn, tkus ij ekyxqtkjh dh cdk;k dh Hkkafr olwy fd, tk ldsxa sAÀ1 ¿6&& ¼1½ tc dksbZ Hkh vkS|ksfxd >xM+k fdlh Je U;k;ky; vFkok Ikkap&fu.kZ; rFkk mu ij dh U;k;kf/kdj.k ds ikl fu.kZ;kFkZ Hkstk tk; rks og mu ij “kh?kzrk ds lkFk dk;oZ kgh tkus okyh dk;Zokgh djsxk vkSj mldh lekfIr ij ;Fkk”kD; “kh?kz jkT; ljdkj ds ikl iap&fu.kZ; izLrqr djsxkA ¼2½ Je U;k;ky; vFkok U;k;kf/kdj.k dk iap&fu.kZ; fyf[kr gksxk vkSj ml ij ihBklhu vf/kdkjh ds gLrk{kj gksxa sA ¿¼2&d½ fdlh etnwjh dh lsoksUeqfDr ;k inP;qfr ls lEcfU/kr vkS|ksfxd >xM+ s ds iap&fu.kZ; eas lsoksUeqfDr ;k inP;qfr dks vikLr djus dk vkSj etnwj dks ,sls fucU/kuks a vkSj “krksaZ ij] ;fn dksbZ gks] ftls iap&fu.kZ; nsus okyk izkf/kdkjh mfpr le>s] cgky djus dk ;k enwj dks ,slk vU; vuqrks’k fn, tkus dk] ftlea s lsoksUeqfDr ;k inP;qfr ds ctk; ekey s dh ifjfLFkfr;ks a dh vis{kkuqlkj dksbs Z gYdk n.M nsuk lfEefyr gS] funs”k fn;k tk ldrk gSAÀ2 ¼3½ mi/kkjk ¼4½ ds micU/kks a ds v/khu jgrs gq, izR;sd e/;LFk fu.kZ; rFkk Je U;k;ky; vFkok U;k;kf/kdj.k dk iapfu.kZ; jkT; ljdkj ds ikl igqapus ds rhl fnu ds Hkhrj ,slh jhfr ls izdkf”kr fd;k tk;xk] ftls jkT; ljdkj mfpr le>sA ¿¼4½ mi/kkjk ¼3½ ds v/khu Je U;k;ky; ;k U;k;kf/kdj.k ds iap&fu.kZ; ds izdk”ku ds iwoZ] ;fn jkT; ljdkj dh ;g jk; gks fd && ¼d½ fu.kkZ;d izkf/kdkjh us fdlh i{k dks fcuk leqfpr dkj.k ds lk{; nsus d s fy, vuqKk nsus ls bUdkj dj fn;k gS( ;k ¼[k½ dksbZ i{k fdlh vU; Ik;kZIr dkj.k ls lk{; ugha ns ldk Fkk( ;k ¼x½ dksbZ ,slk u;k vkSj egRoiw.kZ lkjoku rF; ;k lk{; lwpuk ea s vk;k gS] tks lE;d~ rRijrk cjrus ds Ik”Pkkr~ Hkh] ml le; tc iapfu.kZ; fd;k x;k Fkk] i{k dh tkudkjh ea s u Fkk ;k mlds }kjk is”k u fd;k tk ldk Fkk( ;k ¼?k½ iapfu.kZ; ls vkS|ksfxd “kkfUr ea s fo?u iM+us dh lEHkkouk gS( ;k 1- mRrj izns”k vf/kfu;e la[;k 1]1957 /kkjk 6 }kjk /kkjk;s a 5&d ls 5&M- rd tksM+h xbZA 2- mRrj izns”k vf/kfu;e la[;k 34] 1978 /kkjk 6 }kjk 4 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 45 ¿la;qDr izkUrh; vkS|ksfxd >xM+ksa dk ,sDV] lu~ 1947 bZ0À ¿/kkjk 6dÀ ¼³½ iapfu.kZ; ls jk’Vªh; ;k jkT; dh vkfFkZd O;oLFkk ij izfrdwy izHkko iM+us dh lEHkkouk gS( ;k ¼p½ iapfu.kZ; ls lkekftd U;k; ds fl)kUrks a ea s O;frdze gksus dh lEHkkouk gS( ;k ¼N½ iapfu.kZ; ea s U;k; fu.kkZ;u ds fy, fufnZ’V fdUgha ekeyksa dk vo/kkj.k ugha gqvk gS ;k tgka og ,sls fdlh ekey s dk vo/kkj.k djrk gS] tks U;k; fu.kZ;;u ds fy, fufnZ’V u fd;k x;k gks vkSj ,sls ekeys dks fufnZ’V fd;s x;s ekeyksa ds vo/kkj.k ij izHkko Mkys fcuk i`Fkd ugha fd;k tk ldrk gS( ;k ¼t½ iapfu.kZ; bruk vfuf”pr gS fd mls ykxw ugha fd;k tk ldrk gS( ;k ¼>½ iapfu.kZ; dh voa/krk mlds ns[kus ls gh izdV gksrh gS rks og i{kksa dks lquokbZ dk ;qfDr;qDr volj nsus ds Ik”Pkkr~ vfHkfyf[kr fd;s tkus okys dkj.kks a ls] iapfu.kZ; dks fu.kkZ;d izkf/kdkhj ds ikl iqufoZpkjkFkZ izsf’kr dj ldrh gS vkSj og izkf/kdkjh iqufoZpkj ds Ik”pkr~ viuk iapfu.kZ; jkT; ljdkj ds ikl izLrqr djsxk vkSj jkT; ljdkj ml iapfu.kZ; dks mi/kkjk ¼3½ ea s nh xbZ jhfr ls izdkf”kr djsxhAÀ2 ¼5½ /kkjk 6&d ds micU/kks a ds v/khu jgrs gq, mi/kkjk ¼3½ ds v/khu izdkf”kr iapfu.kZ; vfUre gksxk vkSj ml ij fdlh Hkh U;k;ky; es a fdlh Hkh jhfr ls vkifRr u dh tk ldsxhA ¼6½ Je U;k;ky;] U;k;kf/kdj.k vFkok e/;LFk] Lor% ;k >xM+ s ls lEc) fdlh Ik{k }kjk izkFkZuk&Ik= fn, tkus ij iap&fu.kZ; dh fdlh Hkh fyfid vFkok x.kuk dh v”kqf) dks vFkok fdlh Hkh vkdfLed =qfV vFkok pwd ds dkj.k gqbZ fdlh xyr dks Bhd dj ldrk gS tc mi;qZDr izdkj ls dksbZ xyrh Bhd dh tk; rks vkKk dh ,d izfr jkT; ljdkj ds ikl Hksth tk;xh rFkk iapfu.kZ; ds izdk”ku lEcU/kh bl vf/kfu;e ds micU/k vko”;d ifjorZuks a lfgr ml ij ykxw gkasxsA 6&d&& ¼1½ dksbZ Hkh iapfu.kZ; ¼ftlds vUrxZr e/;LFk fu.kZ; Hkh gS½ /kkjk 6 Ikapfu.kZ; dk izkjEHk ds v/khu mlds izdk”ku ds fnukad ls rhu fnu iwjs gksus ij izorZuh; gks tk;xk] fdUrq izfrcU/k ;g gS fd ;fn jkT; ljdkj dh jk; es a ¿jk’Vªh; vFkok jkT; dh vFk&Z O;oLFkk vFkok lkekftd U;k; ij izHkko Mkyus okys lkoZtfud dkj.kks a lsÀ1 lEiw.kZ iapfu.kZ; vFkok mlds fdlh va”k dks dk;kfZUor djuk b’Vdj u gks rks jkT; ljdkj ljdkjh xtV es a foKfIr izdkf”kr djds ?kksf’kr dj ldrh gS fd iapfu.kZ; mi;qZDr rhl fnu dh vof/k chr thus ij izorZuh; ¼enforceable½ ugha gksxk( vkSj izfrcU/k ;g Hkh gS fd e/;LFk&fu.kZ; rc Hkh izorZuh; u gksxk tc jkT; ljdkj dk] ,slh tkap djus d s Ik”pkr~ ftls og vko”;d le>]s ;g lek/kku gks tk; fd og diV laf/k] /kks[kk vFkok feF;k O;ins”ku ¼collusion, fraud or mis representation½ d s vk/kkj ij fn;k x;k vFkok izkIr fd;k x;k gSA 1- mRrj izns”k vf/kfu;e la- 23] 1957 dh /kkjk 4 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- mÙkj izns”k vf/kfu;e la[;k 3 o’kZ 1991 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 46 ¿la;qDr izkUrh; vkS|ksfxd >xM+ksa dk ,sDV] lu~ 1947 bZ0À ¿/kkjk 6[k&6xÀ ¼2½ tc mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds izFke izfrcU/kd ¼proviso½ ds v/khu fdlh ikap fu.kZ; ds lEcU/k es a dksbZ ?kks’k.kk dh tk; rks jkT; ljdkj /kkjk 6 ds v/khu iapfu.kZ; ds izdk”ku ds fnukad ls uCcs fnu ds Hkhrj iapfu.kZ; dks vLohdr` vFkok ifj’d`r djrs gq, ,d vkKk tkjh dj ldrh gS rFkk izFke miyC/k volj ij vkKk dh ,d izfr lfgr iapfu.kZ; dks izfr jkT; fo/kku e.My ds le{k j[ksxhA ¼3½ tc mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds v/khu nh xbZ vkKk }kjk vLohdr` vFkok ifj’d`r dksbZ Hkh iapfu.kZ; jkT; fo/kku e.My ds le{k j[kk tk; rks fo/kku eUMy es a mlds j[k s tkus ds fnukad iUnzg fnu O;rhr gks tkus ij] og iapfu.kZ; izorZuh;

gks tk;sxk vkSj tc mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds izFke izfrcU/k ds v/khu ?kks’k.kk ds vuqlkj mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds v/khu dksbZ vkKk u nh xbZ gks rks mi/kkjk ¼2½ es a vfHkfn’V uCcs fnu dh vof/k O;rhr gks tkus ds Ik”pkr~ iapfu.kZ; izorZuh; gksxkA ¼4½ iapfu.kZ; dks izorZuh;rk ds lEcU/k esa mi/kkjk ¼1½ rFkk ¼3½ ds micU/kks a ds v/khu jgrs gq, iapfu.kZ; ,sls fnukad ls dk;kfZUor gksxk tks mles a fufnZ’V dh tk; fdUrq tc dksbZ Hkh fnukad fufnZ’V u gks rc iapfu.kZ; ml fnukad ls dk;kfZUor gksxk tc ;FkkfLFkfr mi/kkjk ¼1½ vFkok mi/kkjk ¼3½ d s v/khu og izorZuh; gks tk;AÀ1 2¿6&[k&& ¼1½ le>kSrk dk;koZ kfg;ksa ds nkSjku ls fHkUu n”kk es a ekfyd vkSj Lke>kSrs dh dk;Zokfg;ks a etnwjks a esa djkj }kjk fd;k x;k dksbZ Hkh fuiVkjk] flok; mi/kkjk ¼4½ esa nh gqbZ voLFkk ls ckgj fuiVkjk ds] djkj ds Ik{kks a ij cU/kudkjh gksxk( fdUrq izfrcU/k ;g gS fd ;fn ,sls fuiVkjs es]a mlds ykxw jgus dh dksbZ vof/k u nh gqbZ gks] rks og fuiVkjk iath;u dh frfFk ls ,d lky rd ykxw jgsxkA ¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ esa mfYyf[kr fuiVkjk gks tkus ds Ik”pkr~ rqjUr gh fuiVkjs ds Ik{k vFkok mues a ls dksbZ lEc) {ks= ls le>kSrk vf/kdkjh ds ikl fu;r jhfr ls fuiVkjs ds iath;u ¼registratin½ ds fy, izkFkZuk&Ik= ns ldrk gSA ¼3½ mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds v/khu iath;u dk izkFkZuk&Ik= izkIr gksus ij le>kSrk vf/kdkjh] vFkok jkT; ljdkj }kjk ,rnFk Z foKfIr dksbZ Hkh vU; izkf/kdkjh ;k rks ¼1½ fu;r jhfr ls fuiVkjs dks iathc`) djsxk] ;k ¼2½ ;fn og lkekftd U;k; ij izHkko Mkyus okys lkoZtfud dkj.kks a ls] vFkok bl dkj.k fd fuiVkjk diV laf/k] /kks[kk] vFkok feF;kO;ins”ku ds vk/kkj ij gqvk gS fuiVkjs dks iathc) djuk vuqi;qDr ¼inexpedient½ le>rk gS rks og mls iathc) djus ls bUdkj dj nsxkA ¼4½ tc mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu fuiVkjs dk iath;u vLohdr` dj fn;k x;k gks rks rc og bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu cU/kddkjh u jg tk,xkA 6&Xk&& dksbZ Hkh fu.kZ; izFker% ,d o’kZ rd vFkok ,slh y?kqrj vof/k ds fy;s Je U;k;ky;] tks] mles a fufnZ’V gks dk;kZfUor jgsxkA U;k;kf/kdj.k vFkok e/;LFk dk fu.kZ; rFkk fdUrq izfrcU/k ;g gS fd jkT; ljdkj le;&le; ij fu.kZ; dh dk;kZfUofr mldh dk;kZfUofr dh vof/k c<+k ldrh gS ;fn ;g ,slk djuk mfpr le>sA 1- mRrj izns”k vf/kfu;e la- 1] 1957 dh /kkjk 4 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 8 }kjk /kkjk;s a 6&[k ls 6&n rd c<+k;h x;hA 47 ¿la;qDr izkUrh; vkS|ksfxd >xM+ksa dk ,sDV] lu~ 1947 bZ0À ¿/kkjk 6?k&6³À vkSj izfrcU/k ;g Hkh gS fd tc jkT; ljdkj Lor% vFkok fu.kZ; ls vkc) fdlh Ik{k ds izkFkZuk&Ik= ij ;g le>s fd fu.kZ; gks pqdus ds ckn ls mu ifjfLFkfr;ks a es a ftu ij og vk/kkfjr Fkk lkjoku ifjorZu gqvk gS] rks jkt; ljdkj ,slh tkap djus ds Ik”pkr~ ftls og mfpr le>s fu.kZ; dh dk;kfZUofr dh vof/k dks de dj ldrh gSA 6&?k&& fdlh Hkh Je U;k;ky; vFkok U;k;kf/kdj.k ds le{k dk;oZ kfg;ka dk;Zokfg;ks a dk vkjEHk ml fnukad ij vkjEHk gqbZ le>h tk;xa h] ftl ij >xM+k fu.kZ;kFkZ mUgas Hkstk x;k gks rFkk mudh lekfIr rFkk ,slh dk;oZ kfg;ka mls fnukad dks lekIr le>h tk;xa h] ftl ij /kkjk 6&d ds v/khu iapfu.kZ; izorZuh; gksrk gksA 6&³&& ¼1½ fdlh Hkh vkS|ksfxd >xM+ s ds fo’k; esa fdlh le>kSrk vf/kdkjh dk;Zokfg;ks a ds vFkok cksMZ ds le{k le>kSrs laca/kh fdlh dk;oZ kgh] vFkok fdlh Je U;k;ky; vFkok fcpkjk/khu jgus ds nkSjku es a dqN U;k;kf/kdj.k ds le{k fdlh dk;oZ kgh ds] fopkjk/khu jgus ds nkSjku esa dksbZ Hkh ifjfLFkfr;ks a es a lsok dh ekfyd& “krksZ a bR;kfn dk vifjorZuh; jguk ¼d½ >xM+ s ls lEc) fdlh fo’k; es]a ,slh dk;oZ kgh ds izkjEHk ds rRdky iwoZ etnwjks a ij ykxw lsok dh “krksZ a es a ,sls >xM+ s ls lEc) etnwjks a ds fgrks a ds izfrdwy dksbZ ifjorZu u djsxkA vFkok ¼[k½ >xM+ s ls lEc) fdlh nqO;Zogkj ds fy;s mDr >xM+ s ls lEc) fdlh etnwj dks cj[kkLrxh }kjk ;k vU; fdlh izdkj ls nafMr vFkok lsok eqDr ¼dischare½ u djsxk] flok; ml n”kk ds tc fd ,rnFk Z ml izkf/kdkjh dh] ftlds le{k dk;oZ kgh fopkjk/khu gks] fyf[kr #Ik ls Li’V vuqefr u fey xbZ gks] ¼2½ fdlh vkS|ksfxd >xM+ s ds lEcU/k esa ,slh fdlh dk;oZ kgh ds fopkjk/khu jgus ds nkSjku es a ,sls >xM+ s ls lEc) fdlh etnwj ij ykxw LFkk;h vkns”kks a ds vuqlkj] ekfyd& ¼d½ >xM+ s ls vlEc) fdlh fo’k; es a ,slh dk;oZ kgh vkjEhk gksus ls rRdky iwoZ etnwj ij ykxw los k dh “krksZ a es a ifjorZu dj ldrk gS] vFkok ¼[k½ >xM+ s ls vlEc) fdlh Hkh nqO;Zogkj ds fufeRr ml etnwj dks cj[kkLrxh }kjk ;k vU; fdlh izdkj ls lsok eqDr vFkok nafMr dj ldrk gSA fdUrq izfrcU/k ;g gS fd ,slk dksbZ Hkh etnwj rc rd lsok eqDr vFkok cj[kkLr u fd;ktk;sxk] tc rd fd mls ,d eghus dh etnwjh u ns nh tk; rFkk ekfyd }kjk ml izkf/kdkjh dks ftlds le{k ekfyd }kjk fd;s x;s dk; Z ds vuqeksnu ds fy;s dk;Zokgh fopkjk/khu gks] ,d izkFkZuk&Ik= u ns fn;k tk;A ¼3½ mi/kkjk ¼2½ es a fdlh ckr ls gksrs gq, Hkh dksbZ Hkh ekfyd vkS|ksfxd >xM+ s ds lEcU/k es a fopkjk/khu ,slh dk;oZ kgh ds nkSjku es a ,sls >xM+ ls lEc) fdlh lajf{kr etnwj ¼protected workman½ d s fo#) && ¼d½ ,slh dk;Zokgh ds izkjEhk ls Bhd iwoZ ,sls lajf{kr etnwj ij ykxw gksus okyh lsok dh “krksa Z es]a mlds fgrks a ds izfrdwy] ifjorZu dh] vFkok ¼[k½ ,sls lajf{kr etnwj dks cj[kkLrxh ;k vU; fdlh izdkj ls n.M ns dj vFkok mUe[q k djus dh] dk;oZ kgh ugha djsxk tc rd fd ml izkf/kdkjh dh ftlds le{k dk;oZ kgh fopkjk/khu gks fyf[kr Li’V vuqKk izkIr u gks tk;A 48 ¿la;qDr izkUrh; vkS|ksfxd >xM+ksa dk ,sDV] lu~ 1947 bZ0À ¿/kkjk 6p&6NÀ Li’Vhdj.k&bl mi/kkjk ds iz;kstuks a ds fufeZr fdlh laLFkk ds lEcU/k es a ^^lajf{kr etnwj** ¼protected workman½ ls rkRi;Z gS] ,slk etnwj tks ml laLFkk ls lEc) jftLVMZ VsªMZ ;fu;u dk vf/kdkjh gks vkSj bl lEc?k es a cus gq, fu;eks a ds vuqlkj bl izdkj vfHkKkr gksA ¼4½ izR;sd laLFkk es a mu etnwjks a dh la[;k] tks mi/kkjk ¼3½ ds iz;kstuks a ds fufeZr lajf{kr etnwj vfHkKkr fd;s tk;asxs] dqy fu;qDr etnwjks a dh la[;k ds ,d izfr”kr ls vf/dk u gksxh fdUrq de ls de ;g la[;k ikap gksxh vkSj vf/kdkf/kd ,d lks gksxh rFkk mi;qZDr iz;kstu ds fufeRr jkT; ljdkj laLFkk ls lac) fofHkUu VªsM ;wfu;uks a es]a ;fn dksbZ gks]a lajf{kr etnwjks a ds forj.k dh O;oLFkk ds lEcU/k es a rFkk jhfr] ftlds vuqlkj os pqus tk;xs s a rFkk lajf{kr etnwjks a ds :I es a vfHkKkr gksxa s] fu;e cuk ldrh gSA ¼5½ tc dksbZ ekfyd mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds izfrcU/kd ds v/khu cksMZ] U;k;ky; ;k U;k;kf/kdj.k ds ikl vius }kjk dh xbZ dk;oZ kgh dh Lohdf`r ds fy, izkFkZuk&Ik= ns rks lEc) izkf/kdkjh vfoyEc ,sls izkFkZuk&Ik= dh ;Fkk&laHko “kh?kzrk ls lquokbZ djsxk vkSj rn~fo’k;d ,slh vkKk ikfjr djsxk] ftls og mfpr le>sA 6&Pk&& tc fdlh Je U;k;ky; vFkok U;k;kf/kdj.k ds le{k dk;oZ kfg;ks a dk;Zokfg;ks a ds fopkjdky es a ds fopkj dky esa dksbZ ekfyd /kkjk 6&M+& ds mica/kks a dk mYya?ku djs rc ,sls lsok vkfn ds izfrcU/kks a es a ifjorZu ds laca/k es a fu.kZ; mYya?ku ls {kqC/k dksbZ Hkh etnwj Hkh Je U;k;ky; vFkok U;k;kf/kdj.k ds ikl tSlh ds fufeRr fo”ks’k O;oLFkkA Hkh n”kk gks] fyf[kr :Ik ls ifjokn izLrqr dj ldrk gS rFkk bl ifjokn dh izkfIr ij Je U;k;ky; vFkok U;k;kf/kdj.k] tSlh Hkh n”kk gks] ml ifjokn ij bl izdkj fopkj djsxk ekuks a fd og bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu mlds ikl vfHkfn’V vFkok mlds le{k fopkjk/khu >xM+k gks rFkk og viuk iapfu.kZ; jkT; ljdkj ds ikl izLrqr djsxk vkSj bl vf/kfu;e ds mica/k ml ij rn~uqlkj ykxw gkasxsA 6&N&& ¿¼1½ jkT; ljdkj fyf[kr vkns”k }kjk mlea s mfYYkf[kr dkj.kks a ls] dqN dk;Zokfg;ks a dks fdlh dk;oZ kgh dks && ladzkfer djus dk vf/kdkj ¼,d½ fdlh Je U;k;ky; ls okil ys ldrh gS vkSj mls fuLrkj.kkFk Z fdlh vU; Je U;k;ky; ;k fdlh U;k;kf/kdj.k dks lda zkfer dj ldrh gS( ¼nks½ fdlh U;k;kf/kdj.k ls okil y s ldrh gS vkSj mls fuLrkj.kkFk Z fdlh vU; U;k;kf/kdj.k dks ;k ;fn >xM+k Je U;k;ky; dh vf/kdkfjrk ea s gks rks Je U;k;ky; dks ladzkfer dj ldrh gS vkSj og Je U;k;ky; ;k U;k;kf/kdj.k] ftls dk;oZ kgh bl izdkj ladzkfer dh tk;] ladzke.k vkKk ea s mfYyf[kr fdlh fo”ks’k funs”k ds v/khu jgrs gq, ;k rks u;s fljs ls ;k ml pj.k ls ftl ij dk;Zokgh bl izdkj ladzkfer dh xbZ Fkh] dk;oZ kgh dj ldrk gSAÀ1 ¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds mica/kks a ij fcuk izfrdwy izHkko Mkys] dksbZ Hkh U;k;kf/kdj.k ;fn jkT; ljdkj us mls bl izdkj izkf/kdr` fd;k gks] rks /kkjk 6&p vFkok 6&M- ds v/khu vius le{k fopkjk/khu fdlh dk;oZ kgh dks ,slh dk;Zokfg;ks a ds fuLrkj.k ds fy;s jkT; ljdkj }kjk ljdkjh xtV es a foKkfIr djds ,slh dk;oZ kfg;ks a ds fy;s fufnZ’V Je U;k;ky;ks a es a ls fdlh dks ladzkfer dj ldrh gS rFkk Je U;k;ky;] ftls bl izdkj dk;oZ kgh ladzkfer dh x;h gks] mls fuLrkfjr djsxkA 1- mRrj izns”k vf/kfu;e la[;k 34] 1978 dh /kkjk 5 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 49 ¿la;qDr izkUrh; vkS|ksfxd >xM+ksa dk ,sDV] lu~ 1947 bZ0À ¿/kkjk 6t&6¥À 6&t&& ¿¼1½ tc fdlh ekfyd }kjk /kkjk 6&´ ls 6&n ds micU/kks a ds v/khu] Ekkfyd }kjk ns; /kujkf”k dh olwyh vFkok fdlh fuiVkjs vFkok iap&fu.kZ; ds v/khu] vFkok bl ,sDV ds v/khu fu;qDr ;k m-iz- vf/kfu;e la- 1] la?kfVr iap&fu.kkZ;d ;k jkT; vkS|ksfxd U;k;kf/kdj.k }kjk mRrj izns”k vkS|ksfxd 1957 >xM+k ¼la”kks/ku vkSj izdh.kZ micU/k vf/kfu;e] 1956 ds izkjEHk ls iwoZ fn;s x;s iap&fu.kZ; ds v/khu] dksbZ /kujkf”k fdlh etnwj dks ns; gks] rks olwyh ds vU; fdlh <ax dks ckf/kr u djrs gq, etnwj jkT; ljdkj ds ikl /kujkf”k dh olwyh ds fy, izkFkZuk&Ik= ns ldrk gS vkSj ;fn jkT; ljdkj dk lek/kku gks tk; fd ,slh dksbZ /kujkf”k ns; gS rks jkT; ljdkj ml /kujkf”k dk izek.k&Ik= dyDs Vj dks ns nsxh] tks mls mlh izdkj olwy djus dh dk;oZ kgh djsxk] ekuksa fd og ekyxqtkjh dh cdk;k gksAÀ1 ¼2½ tc dksbZ etnwj ekfyd ls dksbZ ,slk ykHk ikus dk vf/kdkjh gks tks /kujkf”k ds :I es a vkdfyr gks ldrk gks rks ,slh /kujkf”k] tks ykHk ds vk/kkj ij vkdyuh; gks] mu fu;eks a ds v/khu jgrs gq;s] tks bl laca/k es a bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu cuk; s tk;a] ,sls Je U;k;ky; }kjk] ftls jkT; ljdkj bl laca/k es a fufnZ’V djs vo/kkfjr dh tk;xs h rFkk bl izdkj vo/kkfjr /kujkf”k mlh jhfr ls olwyh dh tk;sxh] ftldh O;oLFkk mi/kkjk ¼1½ es a dh xbZ gSA ¼a3½ fdlh Hkh ykHk dh /kujkf”k dk vkdyu djus ds iz;kstu ls Je U;k;ky;] ;fn og mfpr le>s] fu;r jhfr ls ,d vk;Dq r fu;qDr djsxk] tks ,slk lk{; yus s Ik”pkr~] tks vko”;d gks] Je U;k;ky; ds le{k vk[;k izLrqr djsxk rFkk Je U;k;ky; vk;Dq r dh vk[;k ij rFkk ekey s dh vU; ifjfLFkfr;ks a ij fopkj djus ds Ik”pkr~ bl /kujkf”k dk vo/kkj.k djsxkA 6&>&&¼1½ mi/kkjk ¼2½ rFkk ¼3½ ds v/khu jgrs gq, fdlh vkS|ksfxd >xM+ s ds Ik{kks a dk izfrfuf/kRo Ik{k fdlh cksMZ] Je U;k;ky;] vFkok U;k;kf/kdj.k ds le{k fu;r jhfr ls izfrfuf/kRo ik ldsxa sA ¼2½ fdlh cksMZ ds le{k fopkjk/khu dk;oZ kgh dk dksbZ Hkh Ik{k odhy }kjk izfrfu/kkf;r ugha gks ldsxk rFkk fdlh Je U;k;ky; vFkok U;k;kf/kdj.k ds le{k dk;oZ kgh ls laca) dksbZ Ik{k rc rd odhy }kjk izfrfu/kkf;r u gks ldsxk] tc rd og fojks/kh Ik{k dh] rFkk Je U;k;ky; vFkok U;k;kf/kdj.k ds ihBklhu vf/kdkjh dh] tSlh Hkh n”kk gks] vuqefr u izkIr dj yAs ¿¼3½ fdlh ;wfu;u dk dksbZ vf/kdkjh rc rd fdlh Ik{k dk izfrfuf/kRo djus ,sDV la[;k ds fy, vf/kdr` u gksxk tc rd fd bafM;u VsªM ;wfu;Ul ,sDV] 1926 ds v/khu 16]1926 ;wfu;u dh jftLVªh gqbZ nks o’kZ u gks x;s gks]a rFkk ;wfu;u ,d gh O;olk; ds fy;s jftLVMZ u gqvk gS( fdUrq izfrcU/k ;g gS fd ;wfu;u ds fdlh QsMjs”ku dk dksbZ vf/kdkjh ,sls izfrcU/kks a ds v/khu] tks fu/kkZfjr fd;s tk;] fdlh Ik{k dk izfrfu/kRo dj ldrk gSAÀ2 dqN n”kkvks a es a 6&´&& ¼1½ /kkjk 6&V ls 6&³ ¼ftles a nksuks a lfEefyr gSa½ rd lHkh /kkjk;as& dkecUnh dh O;OlFkk dks ykxw gksuk ¼d½ ml vkS|ksfxd laLFkk ij ftles a iwoZxkeh dysUMj ekl es a vkSlru 50ls de etnwj fu;qDr jgs gks]a vFkok 1- mRrj izns”k vf/kfu;e la[;k 23] 1957 dh /kkjk 5 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 6 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 50 ¿la;qDr izkUrh; vkS|ksfxd >xM+ksa dk ,sDV] lu~ 1947 bZ0À ¿/kkjk 6t&6¥À ¼[k½ mu vkS|ksfxd laLFkkvks a ij tks le; fo”ks’k esa dk; Z djrh gks a vFkok tgka lfojke :Ik dk; Z gksrk gks] ykxw ugha gksxa hA ¼2½ ;fn ;g iz”u mBs fd dksbZ Hkh vkS|ksfxd laLFkk ekSleh gS vFkok ogka lfojke :Ik ls dk;Z gksrk gS rks bl laca/k es a jkT; ljdkj dk fu.kZ; vfUre gksxkA Li’Vhdj.k& bl /kkjk es a rFkk /kkjk 6&V] 6&B vkSj 6&M es a “kCn ^^vkS|ksfxd laLFkk** ls rkRi;Z gS& ¼1½ QSDVjht ,sDV] 1948 dh /kkjk 2 ds [kaM ¼,e½ esa ifjHkkf’kRk QSDVjh] vFkok ,sDV la[;k 63]194 ¼2½ ekbUl ,sDV] 1952 dh /kkjk 2 ds [k.M ¼ts½ es a ifjHkkf’kr ekbu ¼[kku½] vFkok ¼3½ IykUVs”ku ycs j ,sDV] 1951 dh /kkjk 2 ds [k.M ¼,Q½ es s ifjHkkf’kr IykUVs”kuA 6&V&& ¼1½ tc dHkh dksbZ etnwj ¼izfrLFkkuh; vFkok vkdfLed etnwj ls dkecUnh ij jgs etnwjks a dk fHkUu½] ftldk uke vkS|ksfxd laLFkk dh mifLFkfr ukekoyh es a gks vkSj ftlus ekfyd izfrdkj dk vf/kdkj dh v/khurk es a de ls de ,d o’kZ dh vuojr lsok iw.kZ dh gks] dkecUnh ij jgs rks mls ekfyd }kjk chp esa iM+us okys lkIrkfgd vodk”kks a dks NksM+ dj mu leLr fnuks a ds fy;s] ftles a og bl izdkj dkecUnh ij jgs] izfrdj fn;k tk;sxk tks egaxkbZ ds HkRrs lfgr mlds ml ewy osru ds ipkl izfr”kr ds led{k gksxk] tks mls ns; gksrk ;fn og dkecUnh ij u gqvk gksrk( fdUrq izfrcU/k ;g gS fd eghuks a dh vof/k esa fdlh Hkh etnwj dks ns; izfrdj iSarkfyl fnu ls vf/kd dk ugha gkxs kA ¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ izfrcU/kd es a fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh] ;fn fdlh Hkh ckjg eghuks a dh vof/k es a dksbZ etnwj iSarkfyl fnu ls vf/kd dh vof/k ds fy;s vfojker% vFkok lfojker% dkecunh ij jgs rFkk izFke iSarkfyl fnu dh vof/k ds Ik”pkr~ dh dkecUnh ,d lIrkg ;k vf/kd dh gks] rks ml etnwj dks] tc rd fd mlds vkSj ekfyd ds chp dksbZ foijhr djkj u gqvk gks] Ik”pkr~orhZ ,d lIrkg vFkok mlls vf/kd dh dkecUnh ds fufer mi/kkjk ¼1½ es a fufnZ’V nj ls izfrdj fn;k tk;sxk% fdUrq izfrcU/k ;g gS fd bl mi/kkjk ds v/khu iM+us okys fdlh ekeys es a fdlh Hkh ekfyd ds fy;s ;g oS/k gksxk fd dke;cUnh ds izFke iSarkyhl fnuks a dh lekfIr ds Ik”pkr~ /kkjk 6&< es a mfYyf[kr micU/kks a ds vuqlkj fdlh Hkh le; etnwj dh Nvuh dj ns vkSj tc og ,slk djs rks dkecUnh ds fufer iwoZxkeh ckjg eghuks a es a etnwj dks fn;k gqvk izfrdj NVuh ds fufer fn;s tkus okys izfrdj es a ls eqtjk fd;k tk ldsxkA Li’Vhdj.k& ^^izfrLFkkuh; etnwj** ls rkRi;Z gS ,slk etnwj tks fdlh vkS|ksfxd laLFkk ds fdlh ml etnwj ds LFkku ij ftldk uke laLFkk dh mifLFkfr ukekoyh es a ntZ gks] fu;qDr gqvk gks] fdUrq bl /kkjk ds iz;kstuks a ds fufeRr o izfrLFkkuh; etnwj u ekuk tk;xk ;fn mlus ml laLFkk es a ,d o’kZ dh vuojr lsok dj yh gksA 6&B&& bl ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh] fd fdlh vkS|ksfxd laLFkk ds etnwj IkzR;sd ekfyd dk dRRkZO; dkecUnh ij j[k s tk pqds gSa] izR;sd ekfyd dk ;g drZO; gksxk fd og /kkjk 6&´ gksxk fd og etnwjks a dh mifLFkfr ukekoyh dk;e ls 6&n rd ds iz;kstuks a ds fufer mifLFkfr;ks a ukekoyh jD[k s rFkk mu etnwjks a ds jD[ks a fy;s] tks lkekU; dk;Z ds ?kaVks a esa fuf”pr le; ij laLFkk esa dke djus ds fy;s mifLFkr gks]a ml mifLFkfr ukekoyh es a bUnjkt djus dh O;oLFkk djsAa 51 ¿la;qDr izkUrh; vkS|ksfxd >xM+ksa dk ,sDV] lu~ 1947 bZ0À ¿/kkjk 6t&6¥À 6&M&&dksbZ Hkh og etnwj] tks dkecUnh ij jgk gks] izfrdj ikus dk dqN ekeyks a es a etnwj vf/kdkjh u gksxk& izfrdj ds vf/kdkjh u gksxa s ¼1½ ;fn og mlh laLFkk es]a tgka og dkecUnh ij jgk gks] oSdfYid dk;Z Lohdkj u djs vFkok mlh ekfyd ds mlh uxj] xkao vFkok ml laLFkk ls ikap ehy ds v)ZO;kl es a fLFkr nwljh laLFkk es a ,slk oSdfYid dke djus ls badkj dj ns ftles a ekfyd ds erkuqlkj fdlh fo”ks’k dq”kyrk vFkok iwoZ vuqHko dh vis{kk u gks vFkok tks ml etnwj }kjk fd;k tk ldrk gks] fdUrq izfrcU/k ;g gS fd ml etnwj dks bl oSdfYid dke esa ogha osru fn;k tk; tks lkekU;r% mls feyk gksrk] ¼2½ ;fn og fuf”pr le; ij lkekU; dke ds ?kaVks a es a de ls de fnu es a ,d ckj laLFkk es a dke djus d s fy;s mifLFkr u gks] ¼3½ ;fn ,slh dkecUnh laLFkk ds fdlh vU; Hkkx esa etnwjksa }kjk dh xbZ gM+rky vFkok mRiknu ds f”kfFkyhdj.k ds QyLo:Ik gksA 6& <&& fdlh m|ksx es a fu;qDr fdlh etnwj dh] tks fdlh ekfyd dh Ektnwjks a dh NVuh ls iwoZ ds v/khurk es a ,d o’kZ rd vuojr lsok dj pqdk gks] ekfyd }kjk rc rd NVuh ugha izfrcU/k dh tk;xh tc rd fd& ¼d½ etnwj dks ,d eghus dh fyf[kr uksfVl] ftles a NVuh ds dkj.k mfYyf[kr gksxa s] u ns nh x;h gks rFkk uksfVl dh vof/k u O;rhr gks x;h gks] vFok etnwj dks ,slh uksfVl ds miy{k esa uksfVl dh vof/k dk osru u ns fn;k x;k gks] fdUrq izfrcU/k ;g gS fd tc og NVuh fdlh ,sls djkj ds v/khu gks ftles a lsok ds volku dk fnukad fufnZ’V fd;k tk pqdk gks rks bl izdkj dh uksfVl vko”;d u gksxhA ¼[k½ etnwj dh NVuh ds le; izfrdj u ns fn;k x;k gks tks lsok ds izR;sd o’kZ ds 6 eghus ls vf/kd Hkkx ds fy;s iUnzg fnu ds vkSlr osru ds led{k gks] rFkk ¼x½ jkT; ljdkj ij fu;r jhfr ls uksfVl rkehy dj nh x;h gksA 6&.k&& /kkjk 6&< esa fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh dksbZ Hkh etnwj ml /kkjk mu O;olk;ks a es a fu;qDr ds v/khu dsoy blh dkj.k izfrdj ikus dk vf/kdkjh u gksxk fd ml laLFkk dk etnwjks a ds laca/k es]a tks ladzkfer gks]a fo”ks’k O;oLFkk,a LokfeRo vFkok izcU/kd oxZ] pkgs djkj ds QyLo:Ik] pkgs fof/k izorZuo”k ,d ekfyd ls nwljs ekfyd dks ladzkfer gks x;k gks% fdUrq izfrcU/k ;g gS& ¼d½ bl ladze.k ds QyLo:Ik etnwj dh lsok es a dksbZ fo/u u iM+k gks] ¼[k½ ,sls ladze.k ds Ik”pkr~ etnwj ij ykxw lsok dh “krksZ a vkSj izfrcU/kks a ls fdlh Hkh izdkj de ykHkdj u gks]a rFkk ¼x½ og ekfyd ftls O;olk; dk LokfeRo vFkok izcU/k ladzkfer gqvk gks] ladze.k ds izfrcU/kks a ds v/khu vFkok vU; fdlh izdkj ls] etnwj dks Nvuh gksus dh n”kk es a mldh lsok vfojke rFkk ladze.k }kjk ck/kkxzLr u gksus ds vk/kkj ij izfrdj dk oS/k:is.k nsunkj gksA 52 ¿la;qDr izkUrh; vkS|ksfxd >xM+ksa dk ,sDV] lu~ 1947 bZ0À ¿/kkjk 6r&6/kÀ 6&Rk&& tc fdlh vkS|ksfxd laLFkk ds fdlh etnwj dh tks Hkkjr dk NVuh dh 5 fdz;k ukxfjd gks] NVuh djuh gks vkSj og ml laLFkk esa etnwjks a dh fdlh fos”ks’k Js.kh es a gks] rks ekfyd vius rFkk etnwj ds e/; bl laca/k es a fdlh djkj ds vHkko es a lk/kkj.kr;k ml etnwj dh gh NVuh djsxk] tks ml Js.kh es a lc ls vk[khj es a fu;qDr gqvk gks tc rd fd ekfyd ,sls dkj.kks a o”k] ftUgas og vfHkfyf[kr djsxk] vU; fdlh etnwj dh NVuh u dj nsA 6&Fk&& tc fdUgha etnwjks a dh NVuh dh x;h gks] rFkk ekfyd fdlh O;fDr NVuh fd;s x;s etnwjks a dks vius ikl fu;qDr djus dk izLFko djs rks og ,slh jhfr ls] tks fufnZ’V dh tk;] dh iqufuZ;qfDr NVuh fd;s x;s etnwjks a dks mudh iqufuZ;qfDr ds fy;s volj nsxk rFkk NVuh fd;s x;s etnwjks a dks] tks vius dks iqufuZ;qDr djkuk pkgs]a vU; O;fDr;ks a dh vis{kk vf/keku feyxs kA 6&n&& ¼1½ 6&´ ls yds j 6&Fk rd dh /kkjkvks a ds micU/k fdlh vU; fof/k 6&v ls 6&Fk rd /kkjkvks a ls vlaxr es]a ftlds vUrxZr b.fMfLVª;y bEIyk;esUV ¼LVSafMax vkMZlZ½ ,sDV] 1946 ds v/khu fof/k;ks a dk izHkko ,sDV LFkk;h vkns”k Hkh gS] dksbZ vlaxr ckr gksrs gq, Hkh izHkkoh gksxa s] la[;k 20] 1946 fdUrq izfrcU/k ;g gS fd bl vf/kfu;e es a mfYyf[kr fdlh ckr dk ;g izHkko ,sDV la[;k 11 1948 u ugha gksxk fd og fdlh Hkh etnwj dks fdlh ,sls vf/kdkj ls oafpr jD[k]s tks mls fefuee ostt ,sDV] 1948 vFkok rnUrxZr izpkfjr fdlh foKfIr vFkok vkKk ds v/khu vFkok ekfyd ds lkFk rRle; fdz;k”khy fdlh iapfu.kZ; vFkok lafonk ds v/khu mls miyC/k gksA ¼2½ lUnsgks a ds fuokj.kkFk Z ,rn~}kjk ?kksf’kr fd;k tkrk gS fd /kkjk 6&´ ls 6&n rd es a mfYyf[kr dksbZ Hkh ckr rRle; izpfyr fdlh vU; fof/k ds micU/kks a ij ml lhek rd izHkko u Mkysxh tgka rd ml fof/k es a vkS|ksfxd >xM+ksa dks fuiVkus dh O;oLFkk dh x;h gks] fdUrq ekfydks a vkSj etnwjks a ds vf/kdkj vkSj nkf;Ro tgka rd fd mudk laca/k dkecUnh rFkk NVuh ls gks] /kkjk 6&´ ls 6&Fk rd ds micU/kks a ds vuqlkj vo/kkfjr fd;s tk;sxa sAÀ1 2¿6&/k&& ¼1½ fdlh vkS|ksfxd laLFkk es a fu;qDr dksbZ O;fDr % Ikzkfof/kd gM+rkyks a rFkk }kjk ojks/kks a dk fu’ks/k ¼d½ gM+rky djus d s iwoZ rhl fnu ds Hkhrj ekfyd dks gM+rky dk uksfVl fn;s fcuk] vFkok ¼[k½ ,slh uksfVl fn;s tkus d s pkSng fnu ds Hkhrj] vFkok ¼x½ ,slh fdlh uksfVl esa fufnZ’V gM+rky ds fnukad dh lekfIr ds iwoZ] vFkok ¼?k½ fdlh le>kSrk vf/kdkjh ;k cksMZ ds le{k le>kSrs dh fdlh dk;oZ kgh ds fopkjk/khu gksus ds nkSjku es a rFkk ,slh dk;oZ kgh dh lekfIr ls rhl fnu ds mijkUr rd] ;fn og O;fDr ml vkS|ksfxd >xM+ s ls lacaf/kr gS tks ml dk;oZ kgh dk fo’k; gS] vFkok ¼M-½ fdlh Je U;k;ky; ;k U;k;kf/kdj.k ds le{k fdlh dk;oZ kgh ds izkjEHk ls yds j mldh lekfIr rd ds dky es]a ;fn og O;fDr ml vkS|ksfxd >xM+ s ls lacaf/kr gS tks ml dk;oZ kgh dk fo’k; gS] vFkok 1- mRrj izns”k vf/kfu;e la- 1] 1957 dh /kkjk 8 }kjk /kkjk;s a 6&[k ls 6&n rd c<+k;h x;hA 2- mRrj izns”k vf/kfu;e la[;k 23] 1957 dh /kkjk 7 }kjk /kkjk;s a 6&?k ls 6&Ik rd c<+k;h x;hA 53 ¿la;qDr izkUrh; vkS|ksfxd >xM+ksa dk ,sDV] lu~ 1947 bZ0À ¿/kkjk 6uÀ ¼p½ ,sls dky es a tc fd dksbZ le>kSrk vFkok iap&fu.kZ; ykxw gS rks ml le>kSrs vFkok iap&fu.kZ; ds vUrxZr vkus okys fdlh ekey s ij] gM+rky u djsxkA ¼2½ dksbZ Hkh ekfyd vius fdlh etnwj dks& ¼d½ }kjkojks/k djus ds iwoZ rhl fnu ds Hkhrj mls }kjkojks/k dh uksfVl fn;s fcuk] vFkok ¼[k½ ,slh uksfVl fn;s tkus d s pkSng fnu ds Hkhrj] vFkok ¼x½ ,slh fdlh uksfVl es a fufnZ’V }kjkojks/k ds fnukad dh lekfIr ds iwoZ] vFkok ¼?k½ fdlh le>kSrk vf/kdkjh ;k cksMZ ds le{k le>kSrs dh fdlh dk;oZ kgh ds fopkjk/khu gksus ds nkSjku es a rFkk ,slh dk;oZ kgh dh lekfIr ls rhl fnu ds mijkUr rd] ;fn og O;fDr ml >xM+ s ls lacaf/kr gS tks ml dk;Zokgh dk fo’k; gS] vFkok ¼M-½ fdlh Je&U;k;ky; ;k U;k;kf/kdj.k ds le{k fdlh dk;oZ kgh ds izkjEHk ls yds j mldh lekfIr rd ds dky es]a ;fn og etnwj ml >xM+ s ls lacaf/kr gS tks ml dk;oZ kgh dk fo’k; gS] vFkok ¼p½ ,sls dky esa tc dksbZ le>kSrk ;k iapfu.kZ; ykxw gS rks ml le>kSr vFkok iapfu.kZ; ds vUrxZr vkus okys fdlh ekey s ij] }kjkojks/k }kjk dke ij vkus ls u jksdsxkA ¼3½ bl /kkjk ds v/khu gM+rky ;k }kjkojks/k dh uksfVl ml n”kk esa vko”;d u gksxh tc fd vkS|ksfxd laLFkk esa }kjkojks/k ;k gM+rky] tSlh Hkh n”kk gks] ifgys ls py jgh gks] fdUrq ekfyd ,sls }kjkojks/k ;k gM+rky dh lwpuk] bl laca/k es a fu;r izkf/kdkjh dks ml fnu ns nsxk ftl fnu gM+rky ;k }kjkojks/k ?kksf’kr fd;k tk;A ¼4½ bl /kkjk ds v/khu nh x;h gM+rky ;k }kjkojks/k dh izR;sd uksfVl es a ,d ,slk fnukad fufnZ’V fd;k tk;xk ftlds rhu fnu ds Hkhrj ;fn uksfVl ds vuqlkj gM+rky ;k }kjkojks/k u fd;k tk;] rks uksfVl izHkkoh u jg tk;xh vkSj gM+rky ;k }kjkojks/k ds fy;s ,d u;h uksfVl fQj nsuh gksxhA ¼5½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ es a mfYyf[kr gMrky dh uksfVl O;fDr;ks a dh ,slh la[;k }kjk ,sls <ax ls ,sls O;fDr vFkok O;fDr;ks a dh nh tk;xh] tks bl laca/k es a fu;r fd;s tk;aA ¼6½ mi/kkjk ¼2½ esa mfYyf[kr }kjkojks/k dh uksfVl ,slh jhfr ls nh tk;sxh tks fu;r dh tk;A 6&u&& ¼1½ dksbZ Hkh gM+rky ;k }kjkojks/k vfof/kd gksxk ;fn og /kkjk 6&/k vfof/kd gM+rkyas rFkk dk mYya?ku djds vkjEHk ;k ?kksf’kr fd;k tk; vFkok ml fnukad ds ckn rd tkjh }kjkojks/k j[kk tk; tc fd ml gM+rky ;k }kjkojks/k ls] tSlh Hkh n”kk gks] lacaf/kr vkS|ksfxd >xM+ s ij dksbZ cksMZ fopkj djuk vkjEhk djs ;k og fdlh Je U;k;ky; ;k U;k;kf/kdj.k ds ikl fu.kZ; ds fufer vfHkfnZ’V fd;k tk;A ¼2½ fdlh vkS|ksfxd laLFkk es a fdlh vfof/kd }kjkojks/k ds QyLo:Ik ?kksf’kr dh xbZ gM+rky ;k fdlh vfof/kd gM+rky ds QyLo:Ik ?kksf’kr fd;k x;k }kjkojks/k vfof/kd u le>k tk;xkA 54 ¿la;qDr izkUrh; vkS|ksfxd >xM+ksa dk ,sDV] lu~ 1947 bZ0À ¿/kkjk 6i&6cÀ 6&Ik&& dksbZ O;fDr vU; O;fDr;ks a dks fdlh gM+rky ;k }kjkojks/k esa] tks bl vfof/kd gM+rkyks a ;k vf/kfu;e ds micU/kks a ds foijhr gks ;k tks vkjEhk gksus ij mlds foijhr gksxk] Hkkx }kjkojks/kks a ds fy;s mHkkj us ;k mdlkus yus s ;kmlds vxzlkj.k ds fy;s vU; izdkj ls dk; Z djus es a u lgk;rk nsxk] u dk fu’ks/k mHkkMsx+ k vkSj u mdlk;xs kAÀ ¿6&Q&¼1½ /kkjk 6&c vkSj 6&Hk ds micU/k ml vkS|ksfxd laLFkk ij ykxw gksaxs] tks vkS|ksfxd fookn vf/kfu;e] 1947 dh /kkjk 2 ds [k.M ¼d½ ds mi[k.M ¼1½ ea s fufnZ’V m|ksx ls fHkUu m|ksx ls laca/k j[krh gks ¼fdUrq ,slh laLFkk u gks] tks ekSleh izdkj dh gks ;k ftlea s dsoy vkUrjkf;d :Ik ls dk; Z fd;k tkrk gks½ vkSj ftlea s iwoZorhZ ckjg eghuks a ea s vkSlru izfrdk;Z fnol de ls de rhu lkS etnwj lsok;ksftr jgs gksAa ¼2½ ;fn ,slk dksbZ iz”u mBrk gS fd D;k dksbZ vkS|ksfxd laLFkk ekSleh izdkj dh gS ;k D;k mlea s dsoy vkUrjkf;d :Ik ls dk;Z fd;k tkrk gS rks bl laca/k ea s jkT; ljdkj dk fofu”p; vfUre gksxkA 6&c&¼1½ dksbZ ekfyd] tks fdlh vkS|ksfxd laLFkk ds fdlh midze fdlh midze dks cUn ¼vUMjVsfdax½ dks cUn djuk pkgrk gks] ftl fnukad dks cUn djus dk vHkh’V dk;Z djus dh izfdz;k izHkkoh gksuk gS] mlds de ls de uCcs fnu igys jkT; ljdkj dks iwoZ vuqKk izkIr djus ds fy, fofgr jhfr ls vkosnu&i= nsxk] ftlea s midze dks cUn djus ds vHkh’V dk; Z ds fy, dkj.kks a dk mYys[k Li’V :Ik ls fd;k tk;xs k vkSj lkFk gh lkFk ,sls vkosnu&i= dh ,d izfr etnwjks a ds izfrfuf/k;kas dks Hkh fofgr jhfr ls nh tk;xs h( izfrcU/k ;g gS fd bl mi/kkjk dh dksbZ ckr Hkouks]a iqyksa] lM+dks]a ugjks]a cka/kks a ds fuekZ.k ds fy, ;k vU; fuekZ.k dk; Z ds fy, LFkkfir fdlh midze ij ykxw ugha gksxhA ¼2½ tgka mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu vuqKk ds fy, vkosnu&i= fn;k x;k gks] ogka jkT; ljdkj ,slh tkap djus ds Ik”pkr~] ftls og mfpr le>s vkSj ekfyd] etnwjks a vkSj bl izdkj cUn fd, tkus ea s fgrc) O;fDr;ks a dks lquokbZ dk ;qfDr;qDr volj nsus ds i”pkr~ ekfyd }kjk dfFkr dkj.kks dh ;FkkFkZrk vkSj Ik;kZIrrk] lkekU; turk ds fgrks a vkSj vU; leLr lqlaxr ckrks a dks /;ku ea s j[krs g,q] vkns”k }kjk vkSj ,sls dkj.kks a ls ftUgas vfHkfyf[kr fd;k tk;xk] ,slh vuqKk ns ldrh gS ;k nsus ls badkj dj ldrh gS vkS ,sls vkns”k dh ,d izfr ekfyd vkSj etnwjks a dks Hksth tk;xs hA ¼3½ tgka mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/hku dksbZ vkosjnu&i= fn;k x;k gks vkSj jkT; ljdkj ml fnukad ls tc ,slk vkosnu&i= fn;k tk;] lkB fnu dh vof/k ds Hkhrj ekfydk dks vuqKk nsus ;k nsus ls badkj djus dk vkns”k lalwfpr ugha djrh gS] ogka lkB fnu dh mDr vof/k dh lekfIr ij vuqKk] ftlds fy, vkosnu fd;k x;k Fkk] Lohd`r le>h tk;xs hA ¼4½ vuqKk nsus ;k nsus ls badkj djus dk jkT; ljdkj dk dksbZ vkns”k mi/kkjk ¼5½ ds micU/kks a ds v/khu jgrs gq,] vafre gksxk vkSj leLr i{kks a ij ck/;dkjh gksxk vkSj ,sls vkns”k ds fnukad ls ,d o’kZ ds fy, izo`Ùk jgsxkA ¼5½ jkT; ljdkj Loizsj.kk ls ;k ekfyd ;k fdlh etnjwj }kjk fn, x, vkosnu&i= ij mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds v/khu vuqKk nsus ;k nsus ls badkj djus ds vius vkns”k dk iqufoZyksdu dj ldrh gS ;k ekey s dks U;k; fu.kZ;u ds fy, fdlh U;k;kf/kdj.k dks fufnZ’V dj ldrh gS( izfrcU/k ;g gS fd tgka bl mi/kkjk ds v/khu dksbZ funs”Z k U;k;kf/kdj.k dks fd;k x;k gks] ogka og ,sls funs”Z k ds fnukad ls rhl fnu dh vof/k d Hkhrj iapfu.kZ; nsxkA 55 ¿la;qDr izkUrh; vkS|ksfxd >xM+ksa dk ,sDV] lu~ 1947 bZ0À ¿/kkjk 6HkÀ ¼6½ tgka mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu vuqKk ds fy, dksbZ vkosnu&i= mlea s fufnZ’V vof/k ds Hkhrj u fn;k tk; ;k tgka cUn djus dh vuqKk dks vLohdkj dj fn;k tk;] ogka midze dks cUn djuk] cUn djus ds fnukad ls voS/k le>k tk;sxk vkSj etnwj rRle; izo`Ùk fdlh fof/k ds v/khu lHkh ykHk ikus ds gdnkj bl izdkj gksxa s ekuksa midze dks cUn ugha fd;k x;k FkkA ¼7½ bl /kkjk ds iwoZorhZ micU/kks a ea s fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh] ;fn jkT; ljdkj dk ;g lek/kku gks tk; fd midze ea s nq?kZVuk ;k ekfyd dh e`R;q ;k blh izdkj dh vkiokfnd ifjfLFkfr;ks a ds dkj.k ,slk djuk vko”;d gS rks og vkns”k }kjk] funs”k ns ldrh gS fd mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds micU/k ,slh vof/k ds ckjs ea s ykxw ugha gksxa s] tks vkns”k ea s fofufnZ’V dh tk;A ¼8½ tgka fdlh midze dks mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds v/khu cUn djus dh vuqKk nh tk; ;k tgka mi/kkjk ¼3½ ds v/khu cUn djus ds fy, vuqKk nh x;h le>h tk;] ogka izR;sd etnwj] tks bl /kkjk ds v/khu vuqKk ds fy, vkosnu&i= ds fnukad ds Bhd iwoZ ml midze ea s lsok;ksftr gks] izfrdj ikus dk gdnkj gksxk] tks vuojr lsok ds izR;sd iw.kZ o’kZ ds fufeÙk ;k mldk dksbZ Hkkx] tks N% ekg ls vf/kd gks] mlds fufeÙk iUnzg fnu ds vkSlr osru ds cjkcj gksxkA 6&&Hk&¼1½ ;fn fdlh vkS|ksfxd laLFkk ds fdlh midze ds ckjs ea]s ftls dfri; midzeks a dks mÙkj izns”k vkS|ksfxd >xM+k ¼la”kks/ku½ vf/kfu;e] 1983 ds izkjEHk ds iwoZ ;k Ik”pkr~ iqu% pky w djus ds ckjs ea s fo”ks’k micU/k cUn fd;k x;k gS] jkT; ljdkj dh jk; gS fd & ^^¼d½ ,sls midze ekfyd ds fu;a=d ls ijs fdlh vifjotZuh; ifjfLFkfr ds dkj.k ls vU;Fkk cUn fd;k x;k gS( ¼[k½ midze ds iqu% pkyw fd;s tkus dh lEHkkouk,a ga(S ¼x½ ,sls midze ds cUn fd;s tkus ds iwoZ mleas lsok;ksftr etnwjks a ds iquokZl ds fy, ;k tuleqnk; ds thou ds fy, vko”;d iznk; vkSj lsok,a cuk; s j[kus d s fy, ;k nksuks a ds fy, midze dks iqu% pkyw djuk vko”;d gS( ¼?k½ midze dks iqu% pkyw djus ds ifj.kkeLo:Ik ekfyd dks ml midze ds lEcU/k ea s d’V u gksxk( rks og ,sls ekfyd vkSj etnwjks a dks volj nsus ds Ik”pkr~ vfHkfyf[kr fd;s tkus okys dkj.kks a ls xtV es a izdkf”kr vkns”k }kjk ;g funs”k ns ldrh gS fd midze ,sls le; ds Hkhrj ¼tks vkns”k ds fnukad ls ,d ekl ls de dk u gks½ tks vkns”k ea s fofufnZ’V fd;k tk;] iqu% pkyw fd;k tk;xs kA ¼2½ tgka dksbZ ekfyd mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu fn;s x;s fdlh vkns”k eas O;fFkr gks] ogka fofgr jhfr ea s og U;k;&fu.kZ;u ds fy, ekeyk U;k;kf/kdj.k dks fufnZ’V dj ldrk gS vkSj U;k;kf/kdj.k ,slk vkns”k ikfjr dj ldrk gS] tks ml ekeys dh ifjfLFkfr;ks a ea s mfpr vkSj ;qfDrlaxr izrhr gksAÀ1 1- mÙkj izns”k vf/kfu;e la[;k 26 o’kZ 1983 dh /kkjk 3 }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 56 ¿la;qDr izkUrh; vkS|ksfxd >xM+ksa dk ,sDV] lu~ 1947 bZ0À ¿/kkjk 7&9À 7&& ¿jkT; ljdkjÀ2 dks vf/kdkj gksxk fd ¿og bl vf/kfu;e ds micU/kksaÀ1 vU; fo/kkuks a ds v/khu ds v/khu izkIr vf/kdkjks a dks lkekU;r% ckf/kr u djrs gq, rhljh /kkjk es a fufgr izpkfjr vkns”kks a dks ifpyr j[kus dk iz;kstuks a dh flf) ds fy;s vkns”k nsdj& vf/kdkj ¼1½ fdlh ,sls vkns”k dks ,sls ifjorZuks a lfgr ftUgas og vko”;d le>s mu n”kkvks a es a vkSj ml vof/k ds fy;s ftudk fooj.k vkns”k es a fn;k x;k gks] izpfyr jD[ks tks fdlh vU; izpfyr fo/kku ds v/khu igy s fn;k x;k gks vkSj fdlh fu.kkZ;d ds lc fu”p;ks a ;k mues a ls fdlh ,d dks ;k fdlh laf/k okys ds vuqjks/kks a dks ;k fdlh izfrKk ;k le>kSrs dks tks fdlh vkS|ksfxd fookn ds Ik{kks a ;k nyks a es a lfU/k laca/kh O;ogkj ;k dk;oZ kgh ds le; gqvk gks] ykxw djrk gksA ¼2½ fdlh izfrKk ;k le>kSrs dks iw.kZ#I ns ;k mlds fdlh Hkkx dks tks fdlh vkS|ksfxd fookn ds Ik{kks a es a lfU/k lEcU/kh O;ogkj ;k dkjZokgh ds le; gqvk gks] ¿fu/kkZfjr <ax lsÀ3 fu/kkZfjr vof/k ds fy;s ykxw djsA 8&& bl ,sDV es a nh gqbZ fdlh nwljs vkns”k ij izHkko Mkys fcuk ¿jkT; lwpuk izkIr djus dk ljdkjÀ2 ;k fdlh vQlj dks] ftls mlus bl laca/k es a vf/kdkj fn;k gks] vf/kdkj vf/kdkj gksxk fd og& ¼1½ fdlh O;fDr ds fy, ,d gqDe }kjk ;g vfuok; Z dj ns fd og fdlh vf/kdkjh ;k O;fDr ds lEeq[k ,slh lwpuk ns ;k ,slh oLrq mifLFkr djs ftls og tkurk gks ;k tks mlds ikl gks vkSj ftlds ckjs esa mDr gqDe esa Li’V dj fn;k tk; vkSj tks ,slh lwpuk ;k oLrq gks tks ¿izkUrh; ljdkjÀ2 ;k mDr vf/kdkjh bl ,sDV ds iz;kstuks a ds fy;s izkIr djuk ;k mldh tkap djuk mfpr vkSj vko”;d le>rh gks ;k le>rk gks] ¼2½ fdlh O;fDr dks bl ckjs es a vf/kdkj ns fd og fdlh vgkrs a es a tk; vkSj mldh ryk”kh y s ;k ,slh cfg;ksa ;k nwljs nLrkostks a ;k oLrqvks a dk fujh{k.k djs vkSj mUgas tCr dj y s tks fdlh O;fDr dh lEifRr gks ;k tks fdlh O;fDr ds vf/kdkj es a gks vkSj ftUgas ¿jkT; ljdkjÀ2 ;k mDr gqde nsus okyk vf/kdkjh ,sls gqDe dks ykxw djus d s fy;s vko”;d le>sA 9&& ;fn dksbZ O;fDr& >wBk c;ku ¼1½ ftls dksbZ c;ku nsus ;k dksbZ lwpuk nsus ds fy;s gqDe fd;k x;k gks dksbZ ,slk c;ku nsrk gS ;k dksbZ ,slh lwpuk nsrk gS ftldh eq[;&eq[; ckrks a ds >wBk gksus dk mldks Kku Gs ;k ml ds ikl mUgas >Bw k le>us ds mfpr dkj.k gks] ;k ¼2½ tks fdlh ,sls fglkc] c;ku] vuqeku] uD”kk ;k nwljs nLrkost ds flyfly s es a tks mls gqDe ds v/khu vfuok; Z :Ik ls izkIr djuk gks] dksbZ ,slk c;ku nsrk gS ftldk Åij mYy[s k fd;k x;k gS] rks mls ,sls dkjkokl dk nUM] ftldh vof/k rhu o’kZ rd gks ldrh gks ;k tqekZuk dk nUM ;k nksuks a nUM fn;s tk ldrs gSaA 1- mRrj izns”k vf/kfu;e la- 1] 1957 dh /kkjk 9 ¼1½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- ,MsIVs”ku vkQ ykt vkMZj] 1950 }kjk ¼izkfof”k;y xouZesUV½ ds fy;s izfrLFkkfirA 3- mRrj izns”k vf/kfu;e la- 1] 1957 dh /kkjk 9 ¼2½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 57 ¿la;qDr izkUrh; vkS|ksfxd >xM+ksa dk ,sDV] lu~ 1947 bZ0À ¿/kkjk 10&11?kÀ 10&& Tkc fdlh O;fDr dks fdlh vf/kdkjh ds lEeq[k dksbZ c;ku nsus ;k Ckgh bR;kfn ryc djus dksbZ lwpuk nsus dk gqDr fn;k tk; rks mDr vf/kdkjh dks vf/kdkj gksxk fd ,d dk vf/kdkj gqDe }kjk ,sls O;fDr ds fn;s gq, c;ku ;k nh gqbZ lwpuk dh rlnhd djus ds vfHkizk; l s mDr O;fDr ls ;g Hkh dgs fd og mlls lacaf/kr dksbZ ,sls cgh] fglkkckr ;k nwljs nLrkost mifLFkr djs tk s mlds ikl gks a ;k tks mlds vf/kdkj es a gksAa 11&& ¼1½ fdlh O;fDr ds fy;s tks bl ,sDV ds }kjk dksbZ lwpuk izkIr djs Lkwpuk izdV djus ds ;g ckr ekU; gksxh fd bl ,sDV ds vkns”kks a ds ikyu vFkok mlds ikyu djus ds ckjs es jksd flyfly s es a tkjh fd;s gq, fdlh gqDe ds vfrfjDr fdlh nwljs O;fDr dks mDr lwpuk u crk; s dsoy ,slh vkKk l s tks Lo;a ¿jkT; ljdkjÀ1 ns ;k mldh vksj ls nh tk;A ¼2½ ;fn dksbZ O;fDr mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds vkns”kks a dk mYy?a ku djsxk rks mls ,sls dkjkokl dk nUM ftldh vof/k nks o’kZ rd gks ldrh gS ;k tqekZuk dk nUM ;k nksuks a nUM fn;s tk ldrs gSA 2¿11&d&& jkT; ljdkj ljdkjh xtV es a foKfIr izdkf”kr djds ;g vkns”k vf/kdkjks a dk ns ldrh gS fd bl vf/kfu;e ds vFkok rnUrxZr cuk;s x;s fu;eks a ds v/khu ,sls izfrfu/kk;u fo’k;kas ds laca/k es a rFkk ,slh “krksZ a ds f;n dksbZ gksa] v/khu jgrs gq,] tks vkns”kks a es a fufnZ’V dh tk;]a mlds }kjk iz;ksDrRo; dksbZ Hkh vf/kdkj jkT; ljdkj ds v/khuLFk mu vf/kdkfj;ks a rFkk ikzf/kdkfj;ksa }kjk Hkh iz;ksx es a yk;s tk ldsaxs tks foKfIr es a fufnZ’V fd;s tk;aaaA 11&[k&& 17 ;fn jkT; ljdkjh dh jk; es a iapfu.kZ; vFkok fuiVkjs d s fdlh dfBukbZ;ks a ds fuokj.k micU/k ds fuoZpu ds laca/k es a dskbZ dfBukbZ vFkok lUnsg mRiUu gks rks og bl iz”u dk vf/kdkj dks ml Je U;k;ky; vFkok U;k;kf/kdj.k dks vfHkfn’V djsxh ftls og mfpr le>sA ¼2½ Je U;k;ky; vFkok U;k;kf/kdj.k ftls ,sls iz”u lkSis tk;]a Ik{kks a dks lquokbZ dk volj nsus ds Ik”pkr~ ml iz”u dk fu.kZ; djsxk vkSj mldk fu.kZ; vfUre rFkk leLr Ik{kks a ij cU/kddkjh gksxkA 11&Xk&& ;fn baMfLVª;y bEIyk;esVa ¼LVSfMax vkMZlZ½ ,sDV] 19+46 ds v/khu ,sDV la[;k 20] 1946 izekf.kr LFkk;h vkns”kks a ds ykxw gkus s vFkok mlds fuoZpu ds laca/k es a dksbZ iz”u mBs rks LFkk;h vkns”kks a dk fuoZpu bR;kfn dksbZ Hkh ekfyd vFkok etnwj ml iz”u dks] ljdkjh xtV esa foKfIr }kjk ,slh dk;oZ kfg;ks a ds fuLrkj.k ds fy;s jkT; ljdkj }kjk fufnZ’V Je U;k;ky;ks a es a ls fdl ,d dks lkSai ldrk gS] rFkk og je U;k;ky; ftls mDr iz”u lkSaik tk; Ik{kks a dh lquokbZ dk volj nsus ds Ik”pkr mDr iz”u dk fu.kZ; djsxk vkSj ,slk fu.kZ; vfUre rFkk Ik{kks a ij cU/kddkjh gksxkA 11&?k&& izR;sd le>kSrk vf/kdkjh rFkk cksMZ dk izR;sd lnL; rFkk v?;{k ,sDV la[;k 45] 1360 rFkk Je U;k;ky; vFkok U;k;kf/kdj.k dk izR;sd ihBklhu vf/kdkjh bafM;u ihuy le>kSrk vf/kdkfj;ks a rFkk dqN vU; dksM dh /kkjk 21 ds vFk Z es a tulsod le>k tk;sxkA O;fDr;ks a dk tulsod gksuk 1- ,MsIVs”ku] vkQ ykt vkMZj] 1950 }kjk ¼izkfof”k;y xouZesUV½ ds fy;s izfrLFkkfirA 2- mRrj izns”k vf/kfu;e la- 1] 1957 dh /kkjk 10 }kjk /kkjk;s a 11&d ls 11&p rd c<+k;h x;hA 58 ¿la;qDr izkUrh; vkS|ksfxd >xM+ksa dk ,sDV] lu~ 1947 bZ0À ¿/kkjk 11³&12À 11&³&& dksM vkQ fdzfeuy izkslhtj] 1998 dh /kkjk 480 rFkk 482 ds ,sDV la[;k 5] 1898 dqN iz;kstuks a ds fufeRr izR;sd Je U;k;ky; vFkok U;k;kf/kdj.k nhokhu U;k;ky; iz;kstuks a ds fufer Je U;k;ky; rFkk U;k;kf/k& le>k tk;xkA dj.k dk nhokuh U;k;ky; le>k tkuk 11&& Pk ¼1½ ;fn dksbZ O;fDr& voeku ds laca/k es a Je U;k;ky; vFkok U;k;kf/k& dj.k ds vf/kdkj ¼d½ tc mls fdlh Je U;k;ky; vFkok U;k;kf/kdj.k }kjk dskbZ y[s ; izLrqr djus vFkok nsus d s fufeRr vkKk nh tk; vkSj og mlds ikyu ds fy, fof/kd :Ik ls ck/; gksrs gq, Hkh tkucw> dj ,slk u djs] vFkok ¼[k½ tc mls “kiFk vFkok izfrKku }kjk lR; cksyus ds fufeRr vius dks ck/; djus ds fy, dksbZ Je U;k;ky; vFkok U;k;kf/kdj.k vkns”k ns ijUrq og oSlk djus ls bUdkj djs] vFkok ¼x½ fdlh Je U;k;ky; vFkok U;k;kf/kdj.k ds le{k fdlh Hkh fo’k; ij fof/kr% lR; dgus ds fy, ck/; gksus ij Hkh vius ls ml fo’k; ij ,sls Je U;k;ky; vFkok U;k;kf/kdj.k }kjk iwNs x;s iz”u dk mRrj nsus ls bUdkj djs] vFkok ¼?k½ vius }kjk fn;s x;s fdlh oDrRo; ij Je U;k;ky; vFkok U;k;kf/kdj.k }kjk ml ij gLrk{kj djus dh vis{kk djus ij gLrk{kj djus ls bUdkj djs]a vFkok ¼M-½ fdlh Hkh Je U;k;ky; vFkok U;k;kf/kdj.k ds izfr muds le{k gksus okyh U;kf;d dk;oZ kgh ds fdlh Hkh Lrj ij tkucw>dj vieku djs vFkok dksbZ fc/u Mkys] rks og ;FkkfLFkfr ,sls Je U;;ky; ;k U;k;kf/kdj.k ds vieku dk nks’kh le>k tk;xkA ¼2½ ;fn dksbZ O;fDr ,slk dk;Z djs vFkok dksbZ ,slk y[s k izdkf”kr djs ftlls fdlh Je U;k;ky; vFkok U;k;kf/kdj.k ij vuqfpr izHkko iM+ ldrk gks] vFkok ftlls ,sls Je U;k;ky; vFok U;k;kf/kdj.k vFkok mlds ihBklhu vf/kdkjh dh cnukeh vFkok voeku vFkok mlds izkf/kdj.k es a ghuRo gksus dh laHkkouk gks] vFkok ftlls fdlh Je U;k;ky; vFkok U;k;kf/kdj.k ds fof/kd O;ogkj es a ck/kk iM+us dh laHkkouk gks] rks og O;fDr ;FkkfLFkfr Je U;k;ky; vFkok U;k;kf/kdj.k ds voeku dk nks’kh le>k tk;xkA ¼3½ Je U;k;ky; vFkok U;k;kf/kdj.k dks vius izfr fd;s x;s voeku ds laca/k esa ogha {ks-kf/kdkj] “kfDr rFkk izkf/kdj.k izkIr gksxa s rFkk og mlh izfdz;ka ,oa izFkk ds vuqlkj mUgs a iz;qDr djsxk] tks gkbZdksVZ dks bl laca/k es a izkIr gS rFkk ftudk gkbZdksVZ viuslaca/k es a iz;ksx djrk gSAÀ1 ¿12&& Tkc rd fd bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu nh x;h fdlh vkKk ls blds bUMfLVª;y fMLI;wV~l foijhr Li’V O;oFkk u dh x;h gks rc rd bl vf/kfu;e es a dksbZ Hkh ckr jkT; ,sDV] 1947 ds v/khu vf/kdkjks a dk tkjh j[kuk ljdkj ds fdlh Hkh vkS|ksfxd >xM+ s dks vFkok rRlac/kh fo’k;kas dks bafMfLVª;y ,sDV la- 14] 1947 fML;wV~l ,sDV] 1947 ds v/khu vfHkfn’V djus ds vf/kdkj ij vFkok ml ,sDV ds micU/kks a ds vuqlkj fdlh vk[;k vFkok fuiVkjs ds laca/k esa dk;oZ kgh djus ds vf/kdkj ij izfrdwy izHkko u MkysxhA 1- mRrj izns”k vf/kfu;e la- 1] 1957 dh /kkjk 10 }kjk /kkjk;s a 11&d ls 11&p rd c<+k;h x;hA 59 ¿la;qDr izkUrh; vkS|ksfxd >xM+ksa dk ,sDV] lu~ 1947 bZ0À ¿/kkjk 12d&15À 12&d&& lUnsgks a ds fuokj.kkFk Z ,rn~}kjk ?kksf’kr fd;k tkrk gS fd bl Laknsgks a dk fuokj.k vf/kfu;e es a dksbZ Hk ckr dsUnzh; ljdkj dks rRle; izpfyr baMfLVª;y ,sDV] 1947 ds v/khu us”kuy fVªC;wuy ¼jk’Vªh; U;k;kf/kdj.k½ cukus ls vFkok ,sls fVªC;wuy dks ml ,sDV ds v/khu ,sls fdlh Hkh vf/kdkjh ds iz;ksx ls] oafpr djus okyh u le>h tk;xhAÀ1 13&& bl ,sDV ds v/khu fn;s x;s fdlh gDe ds v/khu fdlh dkjZokgh ij ,sDV ua- 10 lu~ 1940 bZ lkylh ,sDV] lu~ 1940 bZ- dh dksbZ ckr ykxw u gksxhA lkylh ,sDV lu~ 1940 ykxw u gksxk ¿14&& Tkks dksbZ Hkh bl vf/kfu;e vFkok mlds vUrxZr cus fu;e ;k fn;s gq, vkns”k dk mYya?ku djsxk og ;fn ,sls mYya?ku ds fy, bl vf/kfu;e }kjk ;k mlds vUxZr dksbZ vU; nUM ds fy;s dgha micU/k ugha fd;k x;k gS] dkjkokl ftldh vof/k rhu o’kZ rd gks ldrh gS] vFkok tqekZuk vFkok nksuks a ls n.Muh; gksxkAÀ2 ¿14&d&& dksbZ O;fDr] tks fdlh ,sls fuiVkjk ;k iap&fu.kZ; ds] tks bl iap fu.kZ; ds fucU/ku ds vf/kfu;e ds v/khu ml ij vkc)dj gS] fdlh fucU/ku dk mYay?ku djrk gS ,slh mYYka?ku ds fy;s “kkfLr vof/k ds fy; tks N% ekl rd gks ldrh gS] dkjkokl ls] ;k tqekZuk ls] ;k nksuks a ls vkSj ;fn mYYak?ku tkjh jgs rks vfrfjDr tqekZuk ls n.Muh; gksxk] tks izR;sd ,sls fnu ds fy,] ftlea s izFke nks’k fl) ds Ik”pkr~ mYYak?ku tkjh jg] nks lkS :Ik;s rd gks ldrk gS vkSj vijk/k ij fopkj djus pkyk U;k;ky;] ;fn og vijk/kh ij tqekZuk djrk gS] ;g funs”k ns dllkr gS fd mlls olwy fd;k x;k lEiw.kZ tqekZuk ;k mldk dksbZ Hkkx izfrdj ds :Ik ea s ml O;fDr dks fn;k tk;sxk] ftls mldh jk; ea s ,sls mYYa?ku ls {kfr igqaph gksAÀ3 ¿14&[k&& ¼1½ dksbZ ekfyd] tks /kkjk 3 ;k /kkjk 6&c ds micU/kks a dk mYya?ku dfri; midzeks a dks iqu% djds dksbZ midze cUn djrk gS] dkjkokl ls] ftldh vof/k rhu o’kZ rd gks ldrh gS pky w djus ds ckjs ea s fo”ks’k micU/k ;k tqekZuk ls ;k nksuks a ls n.Muh; gksxkA ¼2½ dksbZ ekfyd] tks /kkjk 6&Hk ds v/khu fn, x, funs”k dk mYya?ku djrk gS] dkjkokl ls] ftldh vof/k rhu o’kZ rd gks ldrh gS ;k tqekZuk ls ;k nksuks a ls n.Muh; gksxk vkSj ;fn mYya?ku tkjh jgs rks vfrfjDr tqekZuk ls n.Muh; gksxk] tks nks’k flf) ds Ik”pkr~ izR;sd fnu ds fy, tcfd mYya?ku tkjh jgs] nks gtkj :Ik;s rd gks ldrk gSAÀ4 15&& ,sDV etewvk QkStnkjh] lu~ 1898 bZ- ds ifjf”k’V es a nh gqbZ fdlh vijk/k] tks gLr{ksi ds ckr ds gksrs gq, fdlh iqfyl vQlj dks vf/kdkj gS fd og fcuk fdlh okjaV ds ;ksX; le>k tk;sxkA fdlh ,sls O;fDr dks fxj¶rkj djs ftlds laca/k es a mfpr :Ik ls lUnsg fd;k tk; fd mlus bl ,sDV ds v/khu cuk; s ;k fn;s gq, fdlh fu;e ;k gqDe dk mYy?a ku fd;k gS ;g fd og ,slk mYy?kau dj jgk gS ;k djus okyk gSA 1- mRrj izns”k vf/kfu;e la- 1] 1957 dh /kkjk 11 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 12 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- mRrj izns”k vf/kfu;e la- 34] 1978 dh /kkjk 6 }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 4- mRrj izns”k vf/kfu;e la- 26] 1983 dh /kkjk 4 }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 60 ¿la;qDr izkUrh; vkS|ksfxd >xM+ksa dk ,sDV] lu~ 1947 bZ0À ¿/kkjk 16&19À 16&& ¼1½ dksbZ vnkyr bl ,sDV ds v/khu fdlh n.Muh; vijk/k dh lekr vijk/k dh lekr dk u djsxk flok; blds fd mldks ;g fyf[kr fjiksVZ mu ?kVukvks a dh] ftu ij ,sls vf/kdkj vijk/k dk fd;k tkuk fu/kkZfjr gks] fMfLVªDV eSftLVªsV ;k fMfLVªDl eSftLV~sV ds vfrfjDr fdlh nwljs ljdkjh deZpkjh ls fMfLVªDV eSftLVªsV dks igy s ls Lohdfr ds lkFk Hksth tk;A ¼2½ dksbZ vnkyr] tks izFke Js.kh ds eSftLVªsV dh vnkyr ls de dh gks] bl ,sDV ds v/khu fdlh n.Muh; vijk/k dh lekr u djsxhA 17&& dksbZ fu;e ;k gqDe tks bl ,sDV ds v/khu cuk;k ;k fn;k x;k gks ,sls gqDeks a dk izHkko th ;k ftlds ckjs esa le>k tk; fd og bl ,sDV ds v/khu cuk;k ;k fn;k x;k nwljs ,DVks a ds fo#) gks gS]yx;k gksxk bl ckr dk fopkj u j[krs gq, fd mlsd fo#) dksbZ ckr fdlh nwljs dkuwu es a ;k ,slh nLrkost es a nh gqbZ gS tks fdlh nwljs dkuwu ds v/khu ykxw gksA 18&& fdlh ,sls O;fDr ds laca/k es a tks bl ,sDV ds v/khu cuk;s gq, fdlh vkns”k ds fo#) dk;Z djuk fu;e ;k fn, gq, fdlh gqDe dk ;k fdlh ,sls fu;e ;k gqDe dk] ftlds ckjs esa ;k mlds fy;s izksRlkfgr djuk ;g le>k tk; fd og bl ,sDV ds v/khu cuk;k ;k fn;k x;k gS] mYya?ku djsxk ;kfdlh nwljs O;fDr dks mYya?ku djus ds fy;s izksRlkfgr djsxk] ;g le>k tk;xk fd mlus mDr gqDe dk mYya?ku fd;k gSA 19&& ¼1½ dsoy blds fd bl ,sDV ds v/khu fn;s gq, gqDeksa es a fdlh vkSj UkksfVl dk izdkf”kr fd;k izdkj ds vkns”k gks a izR;sd ,sls vf/kdkjks]a vQlj ;k O;fDr dks tks bl ,sDV ds tkuk] mudk yxk;k tkuk ikyu ds fy;s ¿iap fu.kZ; ¼award½ ls fHkUuÀ1 dksbZ fyf[kr gqDe ns ekU; gksxk fd vkSj mudk [kjkc fd;k tkuk A og fdlh ,sls gqDe dh n”kk es a tks lk/kkj.k izdkj dk gks ;k tks yksxks a ds ,d oxZ ij izHkko Mkyrk gks] ,sls gqDe dk ,d uksfVl ml rjhd s ij izdkf”kr djs tks ,sls vf/kdkjh] vQlj ;k mDr O;fDr dh lEefr es a mu yksxks a dh lwpuk ds fy;s lcls vf/kd mi;qDr gks ftudk mDr gqDe ls lEcU/k gks vkSj fdlh ,sls gqDe dh n”kk es a tks fdlh dkjiksjs”ku ;k QeZ ij izHkko Mkyrk gks] mDr gqDe ml rjhds ij rkehy djsxk ;k rkehy djk;sxk] tks etewvk tkCrk nhokuh] 1908 bZ- ds vkMZj 29] fu;e 2 ;k vkMZj 30] fu;e 3 esa lEeuks a ds rkehy ds fy;s fu/kkZfjr gS] fdlh ,sls gqde dh n”kk esa gks] O;fDrxr :Ik ls fdlh O;fDr ij tks dkjiksjs”ku ;k QeZ u gks izHkko Mkyrk gks] mDr O;fDr ij mDr gqde rkehy djs ;k rkehy djk;&s ¼1½ O;fDrxr :Ik ls vkKk mldks nsuk ;k ml rd igqapkuk ;k ¼2½ Mkd }kjk] ;k ¼3½ tc ml O;fDr dk irk u yx lds rks mlds dqVqEc ds fdlh ok;Ld iq#’k dks vkKk dh ,d vlyh izfrfyfi nsdj ;k ml izfrfyfi dks ,sls edku vkSj mlds vgkrs ds Hkrj fdlh izeq[k LFkku ij fpidk dj] ftlds laca/k esa ;g ekywe gks fd ogka og O;fDr vkf[kjh ckj jgk Fkk] ;k mlus dksbZ dkjksckj fd;k Fkk ;k ykHk ds fy, Lo;a dksbZ dk;Z fd;k FkkA ¼2½ ;fn dksbZ dkuwuks a dk;oZ kfg;ka djrs le; ;g loky iSnk gks fd vk;kfdlh O;fDr iq#’k dks bl ,sDV ds vuqlkj nh gqbZ vkKk dh lwpuk fu;ekuqlkj ns nh xbZ Fkh ;k ugha] rks mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds vkns”kks a dk ikyu fd;k tkuk bl ckr dk fu.kZ;kRed lcwr gksxk fd mldks lwpuk ns nh x;h Fkh] ijUrq mi/kkjk ¼1½ dks ikyu u fd;s tku dk& 1- mRrj izns”k vf/kfu;e la[;k 1] 1957 dh /kkjk 13 }kjk vUrfoZ’VA 61 ¿la;qDr izkUrh; vkS|ksfxd >xM+ksa dk ,sDV] lu~ 1947 bZ0À ¿/kkjk 20&21À ¼1½ fdlh nwljs mik; ls mldks lwpuk fn, tkus ds lcwr ij dksbZ izHkko ugha iM+xs k vkSj ¼2½ ml vkKk d s tk;t gksus ij dksbZ vlj ugha iM+sxkA ¼3½ dksbZ iqfyl vQlj vkSj dksbZ nwljk O;fDr ftls bl ckjs es a ¿jkT; ljdkjÀ1 ls vf/kdkj feyk gks] fdlh ,sls iz;kstu ds fy;s] ftldk laca/k /kkjk 3 esa fn, gq, iz;kstuks a ls ;k bl ,sDV ds dk;kfZUor fd; tkus ls gS] fdlh Hkh edku ;k mlds vgkrs esa ;k xkM+h ;k tgkt ¼osly½ ij dCtk ;k fu;a=.k gks] ;g vkKk ns ldrk gS fd og fdlh uksfVl ¼osly½ esa dksbZ uksfVl fpidk ldrk gS ;k iznf”kZr dj ldrk gS vkSj bl ,sDV }kjk iznku fd;s gq, vf/kdkj dks iz;ksx esa ykus ds iz;kstu ls fdlh Hkh le; fdlh edku rFkk mlds vgkrs es a ;k fdlh xkM+h ;k tgkt es a izos”k dj ldrk gSA ¼4½ dksbZ O;fDr] ftls bl ckjs es ¿ajkT; ljdkjÀ1 ls vf/kdkj feyk gks] mi/kkjk ¼3½ esa fn;s fdlh iz;kstu ds fy;s] ekfyd ;k fdlh nwljs O;fDr dks] ftldk fdlh edku rFkk mlds vgkrs ;k xkM+h ;k tgkt ¼osly½ ij dCtk ;k fu;a=.k gks] ;k vkKk ns ldrk gS fd og fdlh uksfVl dks fdlh edku rFkk mlds vgkrs ;k xkM+h tgkt ¼osly½ ij ;k mlesa bl izdkj iznf”kZr djs tlS k fd vkKk e s afn;k gksA ¼5½ ;fn dksbZ O;fDr fcuk dkuwuh vf/kdkj ds fdlh uksfVl dks] tks bl ,sDV d s vuqlkj fpidk;k x;k gks ;k iznf”kZRk fd;k gks] gVkos] cnys] fcxkM+&s feVk; s ;k mlesa fdlh fdLe dh xM+cM+h djs ;k mi/kkjk ¼4½ ds v/khu fdlh vkns”k dk mYya?ku djs] rks mls dSN dh ltk gks ldrh gS tks 6 eghus rd dh gks ldrh gS ;k tqekZus dh ltk gks ldrh gS ;k nksuks a ltk;as gk s ldrh gSaA 20&& ;fn og O;fDr] tks fdlh ,sls fu;e ;k vkKk dk mYya?ku djrk gS Lka;qDr laLFkk dk vf/kdkj tks bl ,sDV ds v/khu cuk;k x;k gks ;k nh xbZ gks ;k cuk;k gqvk ;k nh gqbZ le>h xbZ gks] dksbZ dEiuh ;k nwljh fu;qDr laLFkk gks] rks mlds izR;sd MkbjsDVj] eSustj] lsdsVjh ;k nwljh vQlj ;k ,tsUV ds ckjs es a ;g le>k tk;xk fd og fu;e ;k vkKk dk bl izdkj mYya?ku djus dk vijk/kh gS flok; ml lwjr ds tc og ;g lkfcr dj ns fd bl fu;e ;k vkKk dk mYya?ku mldh tkudkjh es a ugha gqvk ;k ;g fd mldk mYya?ku u gksus nsus d s fy;s og iw.kZ :Ik ls lrdZ FkkA 21&& ¼1½ la;qDr izkUr ds vkS|ksfxd >xM+ksa ds vkfMZusUl lu~ 1947 bZ- rFkk vipkj la;qDr izkUr ds vkS|ksfxd >xM+ksa ¼f}rh;½ ds vkfMusUl lu~ 1947 bZ- ds lekIr gks tkus ;k okfil ys fy;s tkus ij la;qDr izkUr ds tujy Dyktst ,sDV lu~ 1904 bZ dh /kkjk 6 ds vkns”k bl izdkj ykxw gkasxs ekuks a ;s vkfMZusUl ¿mRrj izns”kÀ2 ds fdlh ,d ,sDV }kjk ealw[k dj fn;s x;s gks]a vkSj dksbZ vkKk ;k fu;qfDr tks mDr vfMusla ks a ds v/khu nh xbZ gks ;k dh xbZ gks ;k dh xbZ le>h xbZ gks vkSj tks bl ,sDV ds vkjEHk gksus ds QkSju igy s ykxw gks] ykxw jgsxh vkSj ml vkKk ;k fu;qfDr ds ckjs es a ;g le>k tk;xk fd og bl ,sDV ds v/khu nh xbZ ;k dh xbZA ¼2½ fdlh ,sls vkKk ij] tks bl ,sDV ;k mDr vkfMusUl ds v/khu ;k }kjk iznku fd;s gq, fdlh vf/kdkj dks dke es a ykdj nh xbZ gks] fdlh Hkh vnkyr es a vk;k u dh tk ldsxhA 1- ,MsIVs”ku vkQ ykt vkMZj] 1950 }kjk ¼izkfofU”koy xouZesUV½ ds fy, izfrLFkkfirA 2- ,MsIVs”ku vkQ ykt vkMZj] 1950 }kjk ¼;wukbVsM izkfoUlst½ ds fy, izfrLFkkfirA 62 ¿la;qDr izkUrh; vkS|ksfxd >xM+ksa dk ,sDV] lu~ 1947 bZ0À ¿/kkjk 22&23À ¼3½ tc fdlh vkKk ls laca/k es a ;g le>k tk; fd mls fdlh vf/kdkjh us ,sDV lu~ 1872 bZ- bl ,sDV ;k mDr vkfMusUl ds v/khu ;k }kjk iznku fd;s gq, fdlh vf/kdkj gks dke es a ykdj fn;k ;k ml ij gLrk{kj fd;s] rks vnkyr] Hkkjr ds “kgnkr ds ,sDV] lu~ 1872 bZ- ds vFk Z es a ;g eku yxs h fd ;g vkKk ml vf/kdkjh }kjk nh xbZ FkhA 22&& ¼1½ fdlh O;fDr ds fo#) dksbZ ukfy”k] eqdn~ek ;k nwljh dkuwuh Ckpko dk;oZ kgh fdlh ,slh ckr ds fy;s ugha dh tk;xh] tks bl ,sDV ;k fdlh ,sls fu;e ;k vkKk] tks bl ,sDV ds v/khu cuk;k x;k gks ;k nh xbZ gks ;k cuk;k gqvk le>k x;k gks ;k nh gqbZ le>h xbZ gks] ds vuqlkj usdfu;rh ls dh xbZ gks ;k ftls usdfu;rks a ls djus dk bjknk jgk gksA ¼2½ ¿ljdkjÀ1 ds fo#) dksbZ ukfy”k ;k dkuwuh dk;oZ kgh fdlh ,slh gkfu ds fy;s ughaa dh tk;xh tks fdlh ,slh ckr ls gks tk; ;k ftlds fdlh ,slh ckr ls gksus dh laHkkouk gks] tks ,sDV ;k fdlh ,sls fu;e ;k vkKk ds] tks bl ,sDV ds v/khu cuk;k x;k gks ;k nh xbZ gks ;k cuk;k gqvk le>k x;k gks ;k nh gqbZ le>h xbZ gks] vuqlkj usdfu;rh ls dh xbZ gks ;k ftls usdfu;rh ls djus dk bjknk gksA 23&& ¼1½ ¿jkT; ljdkjÀ2 bl ,sDV ds vkns”kks a dks ykxw djus ds fy;s fu;e fcukus dk vf/kdkj bl ,sDV ds vuqlkj fu;e cuk ldrh gSA ¿¼2½ iwoksDZ r vf/kdkj dh lkekU;rk ij fcuk izfrdwy izHkko Mkys bu fu;eks a es a fuEufyf[kr dh O;oLFkk dh tk ldrh gS%& ¼d½ Je U;k;ky;ks a rFkk U;k;kf/kdj.kks a ds ihBklhu vf/kdkfj;ks a dh fu;qfDr dh jhfr rFkk mudh fu;qfDr dh “krsZ]a ¼[k½ Je U;k;ky; rFkk U;k;kf/kdj.k dks vfHkns”k djus dh jhfr] ¼x½ le>kSrk vf/kdkfj;ks a dh fu;qfDr dh jhfr rFkk mudh fu;qfDr dh “krsZ]a ¼?k½ le>kSrk dk;oZ kfg;ks a es a vuqlj.kh; izfdz;k] ¼M-½ jkT; ljdkj }kjk fu.kkZ;d izkf/kdkjh dks fu.kZ; Hkstus dh jhfr] ¼p½ fuiVkjks a dks iathc) djus dh jhfr] ¼N½ etnwjks a dh mifLFkfr ukekofy;ka j[kus dh jhfr rFkk mudk vkdkj ] ¼t½ os fo’k; tks fu;r fd, tkus gks a ;k fd, tk ldsAa ¼3½ bl /kkjk ds v/khu fufeZr leLr fu;e] muds fufeZr gksus ds Ik”pkr~ ;FkklEHko “kh?kz] jkT; fo/kku eUMy d s le{k j[k s tk;asxsAÀ3 1- ,MsIVs”ku vkQ ykt vkMZj] 1950 }kjk ¼dkmu½ ds fy, izfrLFkkfirA 2- ,MsIVs”ku vkQ ykt vkMZj] 1950 }kjk ¼izkfofU”k;y xouZesUV½ ds fy, izfrLFkkfirA 3- mRrj izns”k vf/kfu;e la- 1] 1957 dh /kkjk 1 }kjk tksM+h x;hA 63 ¿la;qDr izkUrh; vkS|ksfxd >xM+ksa dk ,sDV] lu~ 1947 bZ0À ¿vuqlwph 1&2À IkzFke vuqlwph1 ¿/kkjk 4&d nsf[k,À Je U;k;ky;ks a ds vf/k{k=s ds vUrxZr fo’k; 1 LFkk;h vkns”k ds v/khu ekfyd }kjk izpkfjr vkKk dk vkSfpR; rFkk mldh oS/krk] 2 LFkkuh vkns”kks a dk ykxw gkus k rFkk mudk fuoZpu] 3 Ektnwjks a dh cj[kkLrxh rFkk mudk lsok eqDr fd;k tkuk ftlds vUrxZr nks’kiw.kZ <+xa ls cj[kkLr fd, x, etnwjks a dks fQj ls muds in ij fu;qDr djuk rFkk mUgs a lgk;rk iznku djuk Hkh gSA 4 fdlh izpfyr fj;k;r vFkok fo”ks’kkf/kdkj dk okil fy;k tkuk] 5 fdlh Hkh gM+rky vFkok }kjkojks/k dh voS/krk vFkok vU;Fkk rFkk 6 f}rh; vuqlwph es a fufnZ’V fo’k;ks a ls fHkUu leLr fo’k;A f}rh; vuqlpw h ¿/kkjk 4&[k nsf[k,À ¼Je U;k;kf/kdj.kks a ds vf/k{k=s ds vUrxZr fo’k;½ 1 Ektnwjh] ftlds vUrxZr Hkqxrku dh vof/k rFkk <ax gS] 2 IkzfrdkjkRed rFkk vU; HkRrs] 3 dk; Z ds /kaVs rFkk foJke ds e/;kUrj.k 4 Ektnwjh lfgr vodk”k rFkk NqfV~V;ka] 5 Ckksul] ykHkka”k] Hkfo’;

fuf/k rFkk minku] 6 LFkk;h vkns”kks a dh iz.kkyh ls fHkUu ikjh dk lapkyu] 7 Oksru&dze ds vuqlkj oxhZdj.k] 8 vuq”kklu ds fu;e] 9 vfHkuohdj.k 10 Ektnwjks a dh NVuh rFkk laLFkk dk cUn gksuk] rFkk ¿10&d fdlh vkS|ksfxd laLFkk ds midze dks cUn djus ls lacaf/kr dksbZ ekeykAÀ2 11 vU; dksbZ fo’k; tks fufn’V fd, tk;Aa 1- mRrj izns”k vf/kfu;e la- 1] 1957 dh /kkjk 15 }kjk vuqlwph 1] 2 rFk 3 c<+k;h x;hA 2- mÙkj izns”k vf/kfu;e la[;k 26 o’kZ 1983 dh /kkjk 5 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 64 ¿la;qDr izkUrh; vkS|ksfxd >xM+ks a dk ,sDV] lu~ 1947 bZ0À ¿vuqlwph 3À Rk`rh; vuqlpw h ¿/kkjk 4&> nsf[k,À lsok dh “krsZ a ftuds ifjorZu ds fy, ukfs Vl fn;k tkuk pkfg, 1 Ektnwjh] ftlds vUrxZr Hkqxrku dh vof/k rFkk <ax Hkh gS] 2 Ekkfyd }kjk Hkfo’; fuf/k] lsok&fuo`fRr fuf/k ;k rRle; izpfyr fdlh fof/k ds v/khu etnwjks a ds ykHk ds fy, iznRr vFkok ns; va”knku] 3 IkzfrdkjkRed rFkk vU; HkRrs] 4 dk; Z rFkk vodk”k ds ?kaVs] 5 Ektnwjh lfgr vodk”k rFkk NqfV~V;ka] 6 LFkk;h vkn”kks a ls fHkUu izdkj ls ikfj;ks a ds lapkyu dk izkjEHk] ifjorZu rFkk mldh lekfIr] 7 Oksrudzeks a ds vuqlkj oxhZdj.k 8 fdlh izpfyr fj;k;r ;k fo”ks’kkf/kdkj dk okil fy;k tkuk ;k fdlh izFkk es a ifjorZu djuk] 9 Tkgka rd fd LFkk;h vkns”k es a O;oLFkk gS mls NksM+ dj vuq”kklu ds u, fu;eks a dk iqj%LFkkiu vFkok orZeku fu;eks a es a ifjorZu] 10 vfHkuohdj.k izfrekuhdj.k vFkok fLFkj ;a=ks a vFkok izkafof/kdrk es a lq/kkj ftlls etnwjks a dh NVuh lEHkkO; gks] 11 fdlh Hkh O;olk; vFkok izfdz;k vFkok foHkkx vFkok ikjh es a fu;qDr ;k fu;qDr fd, tkus okys O;fDr;ks a dh la[;k es a c<+rh vFkok ?kVrh ¼vkdfLedrk ls fHkUu]½ tks fdUgha etcwfj;ks a ds dkj.k u gksA 65 THE UNITED PROVINCES INDUSTRIAL DISPUTES ACT, 19471 [U.P. ACT NO XXVIII OF 1947] Amended by the U.P. Act. No. XXV of 19502 U.P. Act. No. XXIII of 19533 U.P. Act. No. I of 1957 U.P. Act. No. XXIII of 1957 U.P. Act. No. II of 1966 Adapted and modified by the Adaptation of Laws order, 1950 [Passed by the U.P. Legislative Assembly on November 10, 1947 and by the United Provinces Legislative Council on November 17, 1947] [Received the assent of the Governor General on December 21, 1947 under section 76 of the Government of India Act, 1935 as adapted and modified by the Indian (Provisional Constitution Order, 1947, and was published4 in the U.P. Government Gazette of January 10, 1948.] AN ACT To provide for powers to prevent strikes and lock-outs, to settle industrial disputes and for other incidental matters Preamble – Whereas it is necessary to provide for powers to prevent strikes and lock- outs and for the settlement of industrial disputes and other incidental matters. It is hereby enacted as follows: Short title and 1. (1) This Act may be called the " the United Provinces Industrial Disputes extent and Act, 1947”. commencemen t (2) It extends5 to the whole of [Uttar Pradesh]6. 1. For S.O.R. see gazette Extraordinary dated October 27, 1947. 2. For S.O.R. see gazette Extraordinary dated April 24, 1950. 3. For S.O.R, see gazette Extraordinary dated July 17. 1953. 4. See gaz. 1948 pt. VII-A, pp.1-4. 5. This Act has been extended to the areas mentioned in column 1 of this table under the Act or orders mentioned in column 2 and enforced in such areas under notification, if any, mentioned in column 3 with effect from the date mentioned in column 4 against each such area:- Areas Act or order under which Notification, if any, under Date from extended which enforced which enforced 1 2 3 4 1.Rampur District Rampur (Application of -- 30.12.1949 Laws) Act, 1950 2. Banaras District Banaras (Application of No. 3262(1)/XVII, dated 30.11.1949. Laws) Order, 1949 November 30, 1949 3. Tehri- Garhwal Tehri- Garhwal No. 3262(2)/XVII, dated 30.11.1949 District (Application of Laws) November 30, 1949 Order, 1949 6. Subs. by the A.O. 1950 for (the United Provinces). 66 [The United Provinces Industrial Disputes Act, 1947] [Section 2] (3) It shall come into force on such date1 as the [State Government]2 may, by notification in the official Gazette, appoint in this behalf. 3[Definition 2. In this Act, unless there is anything repugnant in the subject or context-- - (a) "Apprentice" means a person employed in an industry for the purpose of training therein accordance with a scheme prepared in that behalf and approved by the State Government; (b) "Average pay" means the average of the wages payable to a workman- (i) in the case of monthly paid workman, in the three complete calendar months ; (ii) in the case of weekly paid workman, in the four complete weeks ; (iii) in the case of daily paid workman in the twelve full working days ; preceding the date on which the average pay becomes payable if the workman had worked for three complete calendar months or four complete weeks or, twelve full working days, as the case may be, and where such calculation cannot be made, the average shall be calculated as the average of the wages payable to a workman during the period he actually worked; (c) "Award" means an interim or final determination of any industrial dispute or of any question relating thereto by any Labour Court or Tribunal and includes an arbitration award made under section 5-B ; (d) "Board" means a Conciliation Board constituted under clause (d) of section 3; (e) "Central Government" moans Central Government as defined in Act no. X of clause 8 of section 3 of the General Clauses Act, 1897 ; 1897 (f) "Conciliation Officer" means a Conciliation Officer appointed under section 4-F ; (g) "Continuous service" means uninterrupted service, and includes service which may be interrupted merely on account of sickness or authorized leave or an accident or a strike which is not illegal, or a lock-out or a cessation of work which is not due to any fault on the part of the workman, and a workman, who, during a period of twelve calendar months has actually worked in an industry for not less than two hundred and forty days shall be deemed to have completed one year of continuous service in the industry. 1. The Act came into force on February 1, 1948. See notification no. 495(ST)/ XVIII, dated January 19, 1948, pt.I.p.71. 2. Substituted by the A.O. 1950 for (provincial Government). 3. Substituted by section 2 of U.P. Act I of 1957. 67 [The United Provinces Industrial Disputes Act, 1947] [Section 2] Explanation-- In computing the number of days on which a workman has actually worked in an industry, the days on which- (i) he has been laid-off under all agreement or as permitted by standing Act No. XX orders made under the Industrial Employment (Standing Order's) Act, 1946, of 1946 or under this Act or under any other law applicable to the industrial establishment, the largest number of days during which he has been so laid- off being taken into account for the purposes of this clause ; (ii) he has been on leave with full wages earned in the previous year; and (iii) in the case of a female, she has been on maternity leave so however that the total period of such maternity leave shall not exceed twelve weeks shall be included. (h) "Controlled Industry" will have the meaning assigned to it in clause (ee) of section 2 of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 ; Act no. XIV (i) "Employer" includes- of 1947 (i) an association or a group of employees ; (ii) where an industry is conducted or carried on by a department of the State Government, the authority specified in that behalf, and where no such authority has been specified, the head of such department ; (iii) where an industry is conducted or carried on by or on behalf of a local authority, the chief executive officer of such authority ; (iv) where the owner of any industry in the course of or for the purpose of conducting the industry contracts with any person for the execution by or under such person of the whole or any part of any work which is ordinarily part of the industry, the owner of such industry; (j) a person shall be deemed to he independent for the purpose of his appointment as the chairman or other member of a Board, Court or Tribunal, if he is unconnected with the industrial dispute referred to such Board, Court or Tribunal, of with any industry directly affected by such dispute : Provided that no person shall cease to be independent by reason only of the fact that he is a share-holder of an incorporated company which is connected with, or likely to be affected by, such industrial dispute; but in such case he shall disclose to the State Government the nature and extent of the share held by him in such company; (k) “Industry” means any business, trade, undertaking, manufacture or calling of employers and includes any calling, service, employment, handicraft, or industrial occupation or avocation of workman; 68 [The United Provinces Industrial Disputes Act, 1947] [Section 2] (l) “Industrial dispute” means any dispute or difference between employers and employers, or between employers and workmen or between workmen which is connected with the employment or non-employment or the terms of employment or with the conditions of labour of any person, but does not include an industrial dispute concerning- (i) any industry carried on by or under the authority of the Central Government or by a Railway Company; or (ii) such controlled industry as may be specified in this behalf by central Government ; or (iii) banking and insurance companies as defined in the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947; or (iv) a mine or an oil-field; (m) "Labour Court" means a Labour Court constituted under section 4-A; (n) “Lay-off” (with its grammatical variations and cognate expressions) means the failure, refusal or inability of an employer on account of shortage of coal, power or raw materials or the accumulation of stock or the break-down of machinery, or for other reason to give employment to a workman whose name is borne on the muster-rolls of his industrial establishment and who has not been retrenched ; Explanation-- Every workman whose name is borne on the muster- rolls of the industrial establishment and who presents himself for work at the establishment at the time appointed for the purpose during normal working hours on any day and is not given employment by the employer within two hours of his so presenting himself shall be deemed to have been laid-off for that day within the meaning of this clause : Provided that if the workmen, instead of being given employment at the commencement of any shift for any day is asked to present himself for the purpose during the second half of the shift for the day and is given employment then, he shall be deemed to have been laid off only for one half of that day : Provided further that if he is not given any such employment even after so presenting himself, he shall not be deemed to have been laid off for the second half of the shift for the day and shall be entitled to full basic wages and dearness allowance for that part of the day; (o) “Look-out” means the closing of a place of employment, or the suspension of work, or the refusal by an employer to continue to employ any number of persons employed by him; (p) “Prescribed” means prescribed by the rules framed under this Act; 69 [The United Provinces Industrial Disputes Act, 1947] [Section 2] (q) "Public Utility Service” means-- (i) any section of an industrial establishment, on the working of which the safety of the establishment or the workmen employed therein depends ; (ii) any industry which supplies power, light or water to the public; (iii) any system of public conservancy and sanitation; (iv) any industry or undertaking, which the State Government may, if satisfied that public emergency or public interest so requires, by notification in the official Gazette, declare to be a public utility service for the purposes of this Act, for such period as may be specified in the notification : Provided that the period so specified shall not, in the first instance exceed six months but may by a like notification be extended from time to time, by any period not exceeding six months, at anyone time, if in the opinion of the State Government public emergency or public interest requires such extension; (r) "Registration" as respects any settlement means registration in accordance with section 6-B ; (s) “Retrenchment" means the termination by the employer of the service of a workman for any reason whatsoever, other wise than as a punishment inflicted by way of disciplinary action, but does not include- (i) voluntary retirement of the' workman ; or (ii) retirement of the workman oh reaching the age of superannuation if the contract of employment between the, employer and workmen concerned contains a stipulation in that behalf; (t) "Settlement" means a settlement arrived at in the course of conciliation proceeding and includes a written agreement between the employer and workmen arrived at otherwise than in the course of conciliation proceeding where such an agreement has been signed by the patties thereto in such a manner as may be prescribed and a copy thereof has " been sent to the State Government and the Conciliation Officer; (u) "State Government" means the Government of Uttar Pradesh; (v) "Strike" means a cessation of work by a body of persons employed in any industry acting in combination, or a concerted refusal, of a refusal under a common understanding of any number of persons who are or have been of employed to continue to work or to accept employment ; (w) "Tribunal" means an Industrial Tribunal appointed under section 4-B; 70 [The United Provinces Industrial Disputes Act, 1947] [Section 2] Act No. XVI (x) Union” means a Trade Union registered under the" Indian Trade of 1926 Unions Act, 1926 ; (y) "Wages" means all remuneration or capable of being expressed in terms of money, which would, if the terms of employment, expressed or implied, were fulfilled, be payable to a workman in respect of his employment and includes ---- (i) such allowances (including dearness allowance) as the workman is for the time being entitled to ; (ii) the value of any house accommodation, or of supply of light, water, medical attendance or other amenity or of any service or of any concessional supply of food grains or other articles; (iii) any traveling concession, but does not include- (a) any bonus ; (b) any contribution paid or payable by the employer to any pension fund or provident fund or for the benefit of the workman under any law for the time being in force ; (c) any gratuity payable on the termination of his service ; [(z) "Workman" means any person (including an apprentice) employed in any industry to do any skilled or unskilled manual, supervisory, technical or clerical work for hire or reward, whether the terms of any work for the purposes of any proceeding under this Act in relation to an industrial dispute, includes any such person who has been dismissed, discharged or retrenched in connexion with, or as a consequence of, that dispute, or whose dismissal, discharge or retrenchment has led to that dispute, but does not include any such person-- (i) who is subject to the Army Act, 1950 or the Air Force Act, 1950, or the Navy (Discipline) Act, 1934 ; or (ii) who is employed in the police service or as an officer or other employee of a prison ; or (iii) who is employed mainly in a managerial or administrative capacity ;or (iv) who, being employed in a supervisory capacity, draws wages exceeding ten thousand rupees per mensem or exercises, either by the nature of the duties attached to the office or by reason of the powers vested in him, functions mainly of a managerial nature.]1 1. Substituted by section 2 of Uttrakhand Act No. 24 of 2015. 71 [The United Provinces Industrial Disputes Act, 1947] [Section 2A-3] [Dismissal, 2-A (1) Where any employer discharges, dismisses, retrenches or etc. of an otherwise terminates the services of an individual workman any dispute or individual difference between that workman and his employer connected with or workman to arising out of such discharge, dismissal, retrenchment or termination shall be deemed to be deemed to be an industrial dispute notwithstanding that no other be an workman nor any union of workmen is a party to the dispute.]4 industrial 5[(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in section 4-K, any such dispute workman as is specified in sub-section (1) may, make an application direct to the Labour Court or Industrial Tribunal for adjudication of the dispute referred to therein after the expiry of forty-five days from the date he has made the application to the Conciliation Officer for conciliation of the dispute, and in receipt of such application the Labour Court or Industrial Tribunal shall have powers and jurisdiction to adjudicate upon the dispute, as if it were a dispute referred to it by the Government in accordance with the provisions of this act and all the provisions of this Act shall apply to such adjudication as they apply in relation to an industrial dispute referred to it by the Government. (3) The application referred to in sub-section (2) shall be made to the Labour Court or Industrial Tribunal before the expiry of three years from the date of discharge, dismissal, retrenchment or otherwise termination of service as specified in sub-section (1).] Power to 3. If in the opinion of the State Government it is necessary or expedient so to, prevent do for securing the public safety or convenience, or the maintenance of strikes, lock- public order or supplies and services essential to the life of the community, outs, etc. or for maintaining employment, it may, by general or special order, make provision- (a) for prohibiting, subject to the provisions of the order, strikes or lock-outs generally, or a strike or lock-out in connexion with any industrial dispute ; (b) for requiring employers, workmen or both to observe for such period, as may be specified in the order, such terms and conditions of employment as may be determined in accordance with the order; (c) [****]1 [(c) For appointing committees representative both the employer and workmen for securing amity and good relations between the employer and workmen and for settling industrial disputes by conciliation; for consultation and advice on matters relating to production, organization, welfare and efficiency;]2 [(d) for constitution and functioning of Conciliation Boards for settlement of industrial disputes in the manner specified in the order;]3 (e) for requiring any public utility service, or any subsidiary under taking not to close or remain closed and to work or continue to work on such conditions as may be specified in the order; 1. Clause (c) dele. by s. 3 of U. P. Act I of 1957. 72 2. Added by section 2 of U. P. Act No. XXV of 1950 as a new clause (cc) but renumbered as clause (c) by s. 3 of U. P. Act I of 1957. 3. Sub, by section 3 of U. P. Act I of 1957. 4. Substituted by section 2 of U.P. Act No. 34 of 1978. 5. Inserted by section 3 of Uttrakhand Act no 24 of 2015. [The United Provinces Industrial Disputes Act, 1947] [Section 3-A] (f) for exercising control over any public utility service, or any subsidiary undertaking by authorizing any person (hereinafter referred to as an authorized controller) to exercise with respect to such service, undertaking or part thereof, such functions of control as may be specified in the order and on, the making of such order the service, undertaking or part, as the case may be, shall so long as the order continues to be carried on in accordance with any directions given by the authorized controller in accordance with the provisions of the order; and every person having any functions of management of such service, undertaking or part thereof, shall comply with such directions; (g) for any incidental or supplementary matters which appear to the [State Government]1 necessary or expedient for the purposes of the order : Provided that no order made under clause (b) -- (i) shall require an employer to observe terms and conditions of employment less favour able to the workmen than these which were applicable to them at any time within three months preceding the date of the order; (ii) [***]2 Control of 3(1) Where the trade or business of any public utility service or any subsidiary trade or A undertaking has closed or is likely to be closed. the State Government , business of may, on the application of more than one half of the total number of & partners and owning between them more than fifty percent share therein, by public order, published in the Gazette, authorize any person to carryon the trade or utility business, for the period, in the manner and to the extent provided in the service or order: subsidiary undertaking Provided that no such order shall be made unless the State Government is further satisfied that it is necessary for the maintenance of supplies and services essential to the life of the community or for maintaining employment: Provided further that the State Government may, from time to time, 2 by order, published in the Gazette, extend the period specified it if the order aforesaid. (2) While a person authorized under sub-section (1) is carrying on the trade or business of the service or undertaking- (a) such person shall be entitled to the management of the affairs of the service or undertaking to the exclusion of any other person acting or purporting to act on behalf of the firm, and for the purposes of such management, shall be entitled to employ such staff or other agency as he thinks fit.; (b) the partners or any other person shall not have the right to control or take part in the carrying on of the trade or business; (c) such person shall be deemed to be acting as the agent of the service or undertaking and, such object only to such restrictions as the State 73 Government may impose, shall have in relation to the management of the affairs of the service or undertaking all such powers and authority as the service or undertaking itself would have if its trade of business were not taken over under sub-section (1) ; 1. Subs. by the A. O. 1950 for (Provincial Government). 2. Delete by section 3 of U. P. Act No. 1 of 1957. [The United Provinces Industrial Disputes Act, 1947] [Section 3B- 4A] (d) such person shall not, in respect of such matters relating to the said management as may be specified by order of the State Government, be bound by any obligation or limitation imposed on him as agent of the service or undertaking by or under any law, instrument or contract; (e) such person shall be entitled to retain out of the assets of the service or undertaking all costs, charges and expenses of, or incidental to, the said management and such remuneration as may be fixed by the State Government. (3) No person authorized under sub-section (1) to carryon the trade or business of any service or undertaking shall be personally liable for acts done by him in good faith in the course of management of such trade or business. (4) Upon the publication of the order under sub-section (1), the State Government shall, by order, direct the partners, directors, secretary, manager or any other person in charge of the management of the said service or undertaking to handover the management of the trade or business of the said service or undertaking to the person mentioned in the said order. (5) The Collector may, at the request of the person authorized under sub- section (1), deliver charge of the service or undertaking to the said person and may take or cause to be taken such steps and use or cause to be used such force as may be necessary for this purpose.]1 Person 3-B Where on the date immediately preceding the date of the exercisin commencement of the Uttar Pradesh Industrial Disputes (Amendment) g control Act, 1950, any person was, in pursuance of an order made under clause under (f) of section 3,exercising control over any public utility service or any section subsidiary undertaking, he shall, notwithstanding anything in the said 3(f) to be clause or section 3-A, be deemed from the commencement of the said deemed Act to have been a person validly authorized under and in accordance to be with section 3-A and the order aforesaid shall have effect as if it were appointe d under an order duly or validly passed under section 3-A. section 3-A 74 4. [****]2 Labour 3[4-A (1) The State Government may, by notification in the official Gazette, Court constitute one or more Labour Courts for the adjudication of industrial disputes relating to any matter specified in the First Schedule and for performing such other function as may be assigned to them under this Act. (2) A Labour Court shall consist of one person only to be appointed by the State Government. (3) A person shall not be qualified for appointment as the Presiding Officer of a Labour Court unless -- [(a) he has, for a period of not less than three years, been a District Judge or an Additional District Judge ; or (b) he has held the office of the Chairman or any other member of the Labour Appellate Tribunal constituted under the Industrial Disputes (Appellate Tribunal) Act, 1950, or of any Tribunal, for a period of not less than two years'; or 1. Added by section 3 of U. P. Act No. 25 of 1950. 2. Section 4 delete by section 4 of U.P. Act No. 1 of 1957. 3. Section 4-A to 4-K added section 4 of U.P. Act No. 1 of 1957. [The United Provinces Industrial Disputes Act, 1947] [Section 4B-4D] (c) he has been a Presiding Officer of a, Labour Court constituted under any Provincial Act or State Act for it period of not loss than five years; or]1 (d) he has held any judicial office in India for not less than seven years ; or (e) he is enrolled in the list prepared under section 4-D. Tribunal 4-B (1) The State Government may, by notification in the official Gazette, constitute one or more Industrial Tribunals for the adjudication of Industrial disputes relating to any matter whether specified in the First Schedule or the Second Schedule. (2) A Tribunal shall, except where otherwise provided under section 5-A, consist of one person only to be appointed by the State Government. (3) A person shall not be qualified for appointment as the Presiding Officer of a Tribunal unless- (a) he is or has been a Judge of a High Court; or [(aa) he has, for a period of not less than three years, been a, District Judge or an Additional District Judge;]2 Act No. 48 (b) he has held the office of the Chairman or any other member of of 1950 the Labour Appellate Tribunal constituted under the Industrial Disputes (Appellate Tribunal) Act, 1950, for a period of not less than two years or of any Tribunal constituted under the U. P. Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, for a period of not less than five years ; or U.P. Act No. 28 of 1947 (c) he is enrolled in the list prepared in accordance with section 4- 75 D. (4) The State Government may, if it so thinks fit, appoint up to two persons as assessors to advise the Tribunal in the proceedings before it. Disqualifica- 4-C No person shall be appointed to, or continue in the office of the tions for the Presiding Officer of a Labour Court or Tribunal, if- presiding Officer of (i) he is not an independent person ; or Labour (ii) he has attained the age of 65 years. Court or Tribunal List of 4- For the purpose of constituting a Labour Court under section 4-A and persons for D an Industrial Tribunal under section 4-B, the State Government shall cause appointment to be prepared -- as presiding a (i) a list of all persons who may be appointed Presiding Officer of a officer of Labour Court, and labour court (ii) a list of all persons who may be appointed Presiding Officer of an and Industrial Tribunal, Tribunal. and shall maintain the list by making such alterations therein as may, from time to time, be reported by the Committee appointed under section 4- E. 1. Original clauses (a) and (b) re-lettered as clauses (d) and (e) and new clauses (a) to (c) added by s. 2 of U. P. Act II of 1966. 2. Added by section 3 of U.P. Act No. 2 of 1966. [The United Provinces Industrial Disputes Act, 1947] [Section 4E- 4G] Committee 4-E [(1) The State Government shall constitute a committee consisting of the to following: - prepare lists under (i) two Judges of the High Court nominated by the Chief Justice of section the High Court, the Judges, who is senior, shall be the Chairman; 4-D (b) the Chief Secretary to the State Government ; (c) the Principal Secretary or Secretary, as the case may be, to the State Government in the Labour Department ; (d) the Principal Secretary to the State Government in the Legislative Department; (e) the Principal Secretary to the State Government in the Judicial Department; (f) the Labour Commissioner, Uttar Pradesh; (g) a person who is, or has been, a member of a Public Service Commission, appointed by the State Government.]1 (2) The Committee constituted under sub-section (1) shall, in the manner prescribed, prepare the lists referred to in section 4-D having regard -- (a) in the case of the list referred to in clause (i ) of the said section, to the education and practical experience of the person in matter's 76 relating to labour and Industry, and (b) in the case of the list referred to in clause (ii) thereof, also to special knowledge of the person in those matters. [(3) No person, who is not or who has not been a member or the State Higher Judicial Service, or the Uttar Pradesh Nyayik Sewa or who is not or who has not been such member of the Indian Administrative Service, or State Labour Service as has experience of dispensation of Justice for a period of not less than 3 years or who is not or who has not been such member of the State Civil Service (Executive Branch) as has experience of working for at least three years in the Labour Department of the State and has experience of dispensation of justice for a period of not less than three years, shall be eligible for enrolment in the lists prepared under sub-section (2).]2 Conciliation 4-F (1) The State Government may, by notification in the official Gazette, Officer appoint such number of persons as it thinks fit to be Conciliation Officers, charged with the duty of mediating in, and promoting the settlement of industrial disputes, in the manner to be prescribed. (2) A Conciliation Officer may be appointed for specified area or areas. Filling of 4-G If for any reason a vacancy occurs in the office of the Presiding Officer vacancies of a Labour Court or Tribunal, the State Government shall appoint any other person in accordance with the provisions of this Act to fill the vacancy, and the proceedings may be continued before the Labour Court or Tribunal, as the case may be, from the stage at which the vacancy is filled. 1. Subs. by section 2 (a) of U. P. Act 21 of 2000. 2. Subs. by section 2 (b) ibid. [The United Provinces Industrial Disputes Act, 1947] [Section 4H-4K] Finality of 4-H No order of the State Government appointing any person in the Board orders or as the Presiding Officer of a Labour Court or Tribunal shall be called in question in any manner and no act or proceeding before any Board, Labour Court or Tribunal shall be called in question in any manner on the ground merely of the existence of any vacancy in, or defect in, the constitution of such Board, Labour Court or Tribunal. Notice of 4-I No employer who proposes to effect any change in the conditions of change service applicable to any workman in respect of any matter specified in the Third Schedule, shall effect such change, -- (a) without giving to the workmen likely to be affected by such change a notice in the prescribed manner of the nature of the change proposed to be effected; or (b) within twenty-one days of giving such notice : Provided that no notice shall be required for effecting any such change— (i) where the change is effected in pursuance of any settlement, award or decision of the Appellate Tribunal constituted under the Industrial 77 Disputes (Appellate) Tribunal Act, 1950; or (ii) where the change is likely to affect workmen who are persons to whom the Fundamental and Supplementary Rules, Civil Services (Classification, Control and Appeal) Rules, Civil Service (Temporary Service) Rules, Civil Service Regulations or any other rules or regulations that may be notified in this behalf by the State Government in the official Gazette, apply.]1 Power of 4-J Where the State Government is of opinion that the application of the Government provisions of section 4-I to any class of industrial establishments or to any to class of workmen employed in any industrial establishment effects the exempt employers in relation thereto so prejudicially that such application may cause serious repercussion on the industry concerned and that public interest so requires, the State Government may, by notification in the official Gazette. Direct that the provisions of the said section shall not apply or shall apply, subject to such conditions as may be specified in the notification, to that class of industrial establishments or to that class of workmen employed in any industrial establishment. Reference of 4- Where the State Government is of opinion that any industrial dispute disputes to K exists or is apprehended it may at any time by order in writing refer the labour Court dispute or any matter appearing to be connected with, or relevant to, the or Tribunal. dispute to a Labour Court if the matter of industrial dispute is one of those contained in the first Schedule, or to a Tribunal if the matter of dispute is one contained in the First Schedule or the Second Schedule for adjudication; Provided that where the dispute relates to any matter specified in the Second Schedule and is not likely to affect more than one hundred workmen, the State Government may, if it so thinks fit, make the reference to a Labour Court.]2 1. Substituted by section 3 of U.P. Act 23 of 1957. 2. Add. section 4 of UP Act no 1 of 1957. [The United Provinces Industrial Disputes Act, 1947] [Section 4-L] Setting up of 4-L [(1) Every industrial establishment employing twenty or more Grievance workmen shall have one or more Grievance Redressal Committee for Redressal the resolution of disputes arising out of individual grievances. Machinery (2) The Grievance Redressal Committee shall consist of equal number of members from the employer and the workmen. (3) The chairperson of the Grievance Redressal Committee shall be selected from the employer and from among the workmen alternatively on rotation basis every year. (4) The total number of members of the Grievance Redressal Committee shall not exceed six; 78 Provided that there shall be, as far as practicable, one woman member if the Grievance Redressal Committee has two members and in case the numbers of members are more than two, the number of woman members may be increased proportionately. (5) Notwithstanding anything contained in this section, the setting up of the Grievance Redressal Committee shall not affect the right of the workmen to raise industrial dispute on the same matter under the provisions of this Act. (6) The Grievance Redressal Committee may complete its proceedings within thirty days on receipt of a written application by or on behalf of the aggrieved party. (7) The workman who is aggrieved by the decision of the Grievance Redressal Committee may prefer an appeal to the employer against the decision of Grievance Redressal Committee and the employer shall, within one month from the date of receipt of such appeal, dispose of the same and send a copy of his decision to the workman concerned.]1 1- Inserted by section 4 of Uttrakhand Act no 24 of 2015. [The United Provinces Industrial Disputes Act, 1947] [Section 5-5A] Power to 5. (1) Where an industrial dispute referred to adjudication [under section 4- include other K]1 has arisen only in a particular undertaking or group of undertakings undertakings, the State Government may include in the adjudication in any preceding any other undertaking either of its own motion or on an adjudication application received in this behalf, whether an industrial dispute exists at the time in that undertaking or not, provided that the State Government, is satisfied--- (i) that the undertaking to be so included is engaged in the same type of industry or business as the undertaking or the group of undertakings in which the industrial dispute referred for adjudication has arisen; and 79 [* * *]3 (ii) that the issues involved in the industrial dispute referred for adjudication have already given rise, or are such as, in the circumstances, may reasonably be expected to give rise, to a similar dispute in the undertaking to be so included. (2) When an undertaking has been included in adjudication proceedings under sub-section (1), the provisions of any order made under this Act shall, save as may be expressly provided to the contrary in any such order or award, apply to and in relation to such undertaking as they apply to and in relation to any undertaking or group of undertakings in which the industrial dispute referred for adjudication arose. Special 5- (1) Where any industrial dispute may be referred to an Industrial Tribunal composition A under section 4-K, the State Government, if, having regard to the of Tribunal nature of the dispute and the effect which its decision is likely to have on industry or any section thereof, or if the dispute is such as is likely to affect more than one industrial establishment, it so considers necessary, may constitute, notwithstanding anything in the said section, a tribunal consisting of three persons of whom one to be designated by the State Government , shall be the Chairman. (2) Except as provided in sub-section (1) all the provisions of this Act relating to the constitution of an Industrial Tribunal, the qualification and disqualification of persons to be appointed thereto, the power's and duties of such tribunals; the procedure to be followed by it in the hearing and disposal of industrial disputes, the making of the award, its modification and enforcement shall mutatis mutandis apply to a Tribunal constituted under this section. Voluntary 5- (1) Where any industrial dispute exists or is apprehended and the employer reference of B and the workmen agree to refer the dispute to arbitration, they may at disputes to any time before the dispute has been referred under section 4-K to a arbitration Labour Court or Tribunal by a written agreement, refer the dispute to arbitration and the reference shall be to such person or persons (including the Presiding Officer of a Labour Court or a Tribunal) as an arbitrator or arbitrators as may be specified in the arbitration agreement. 1. Substituted by section 5(1) of U.P. Act No. 1 of 1957. 2. Clause (ii) deleted by section 5 (ii) of U.P. Act No. 1 of 1957 and clause (iii) renumbered as clause (ii) [The United Provinces Industrial Disputes Act, 1947] [Section 5B] 80 (2) An arbitration agreement referred to in sub-section (1) shall be in such form and shall be signed by the parties thereto in such manner as may be prescribed. (3) A copy of the arbitration agreement shall be forwarded to the State Government, the Conciliation Officer and Labour Commissioner and the State Government shall within fourteen days from the date of receipt of such copy publish the same in the official Gazette. (4) The arbitrator or arbitrators shall investigate the dispute and submit to the State Government the arbitration award signed by the arbitrator or all the arbitrators, as the case may be. (5) Nothing in the Arbitration Act, 1940 shall apply to arbitration a under this section. Procedure and 5-C (1) Subject to any rules that may be made in this behalf, an arbitrator, powers of a Labour Court of a Tribunal shall follow such procedure as the Boards, Labour arbitrator, the Labour Court or the Tribunal concerned may think Courts and Tribunals fit. (2) A Presiding Officer of a Labour Court or a Tribunal may for the purpose of enquiry into any existing or apprehended industrial dispute, after giving reasonable notice, enter the premises Act v of 1908 occupied by any establishment to which the dispute relates. (3) Every Beard, Labour Court and Tribunal shall have the same powers as are vested in a Civil Court under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit in respect of the following matters namely- (a) enforcing the attendance of any person and examining him on oath or affirmation or otherwise; (b) requiring discovers and production of documents and material objects; (c) issuing commissions for the examination of witnesses; (d) inspection of any property or thing, including machinery concerning any such dispute; and (e) in respect or such other matters its may be prescribed; and every enquiry or investigation by Labour Court or Tribunal shall be deemed to the a judicial proceeding within the meaning of sections 193 and 228 of the Indian Penal Code. 81 [The United Provinces Industrial Disputes Act, 1947] [Section 5D-6] 1[(4) Every award made, order issued or settlement arrived at by or before Labour Court or Tribunal shall be executed in accordance with the procedure laid down for execution of orders and decree of a Civil Court under order 21 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908. (5) After publication of the award, the Labour Court or Tribunal as the case may be, shall forward any award order or settlement to a Civil Court having jurisdiction and such Civil Court shall execute the award, order or settlement as if it were a decree passed by it.]1 Power of the 5-D (1) A Conciliation Officer may call for and inspect any document which conciliation he has ground for considering to be relevant to the industrial dispute Officer or which be considers necessary for verifying the implementation of any award or for carrying out any other duty imposed on him under this Act, and for the aforesaid purposes, the Conciliation Officer shall have the same powers as are vested in a Civil Court under the Civil Procedure Code, 1908 in respect of compelling the production of document before it. (2) A Conciliation Officer may, for the purpose of enquiry into any existing or apprehended dispute, after giving reasonable notice enter the premises occupied by any establishment. -------------------------------------------------------------- 1-Inserted by section 5 of Uttrakhad Act no 24 of 2015 82 Awards of 5-E Subject to any rules made under this Act the costs of, and incidental costs to, any proceeding before an Arbitrator, a Labour Court or Tribunal shall be in the discretion of the arbitrator, Labour Court or Tribunal, and the Arbitrator, Labour Court or Tribunal, as the case may be, shall have full power to determine by and to whom and to what extent and subject to what conditions, if any, such costs are to be paid, and to give all necessary directions for the purpose aforesaid and such costs may, on application made to the State Government by the person entitled, be recovered by the State Government in the same manner as an arrear of land revenue.]1 Awards and 6. (1) Where an industrial dispute has been referred to a Labour Court or action to be Tribunal for adjudication, it shall hold its proceedings expeditiously taken thereon and shall as soon as it is practicable on the conclusion thereof, submit its award to the State Government. (2) The award of a Labour Court or Tribunal shall be in writing and shall he signed by its Presiding Officer. [(2-A) An award in an industrial dispute relating to the discharge or dismissal of a workman may direct the setting aside of the discharge or dismissal and reinstatement of the workman on such terms and conditions if any, as the authority making the award may think fit, or granting such other relief to the workman, including the substitution of any lesser punishment for discharge or dismissal, as the circumstances of the case may require.]2 (3) Subject to the provisions of sub-section (4) every arbitration award and the award of a Labour Court or Tribunal, shall, within a period of thirty days from the date of its receipt by the State Government, be published in such manner as the State Government thinks fit. [(4) Before publication of an award of a Labour Court or Tribunal under sub section (3), if the State Government is of the opinion that,--- (a) the adjudicating authority has unreasonably refused permission to any party to adduce evidence; or (b) any party was prevented by any other sufficient cause from adducing evidence; or (c) new and important material fact or evidence has come to notice, which after the exercise of due diligence was not within the knowledge of, or could not be produced by the party at the time when the award was made; or (d) the award is likely to disturb the industrial pease; or 1. Sections 5-A to 5-E added by section 6 of U. P. Act No. 1 of 1957. 2. Subs. by section 4 of U. P. Act No. 34 of 1978. 83 [The United Provinces Industrial Disputes Act, 1947] [Section 6-A] (e) the award is likely to affect prejudicially the national or State economy; or (f) the award is likely to interfere with the principles of social justice; or (g) the award has left undetermined any of the matters referred for adjudication or where it determines any matter not referred for adjudication and such matter cannot be separated without affecting the determination of the matters referred; or (h) the award is so indefinite as to be incapable of being enforced; or (i) illegibility of the award is apparent upon the face of it, may after giving the parties reasonable opportunity of being heard, for reasons to be recorded, remit the award for reconsideration of the adjudicating authority and that authority shall, after reconsideration, submit its award to the State Government and the State Government shall publish the award in the manner provided in sub-section (3).]2 (5) Subject to the provisions of section 6-A, an award published under sub- section (3) shall be final and shall not be called in question in any court in any manner whatsoever. (6) A Labour Court, Tribunal or Arbitrator may either of its own motion or on the application of and party to the dispute, correct any clerical or arithmetical mistakes in the award, or errors arising there in from any accidental slip or omission. Whenever any correction is made as aforesaid a copy of the order shall be sent to the State Government and the provision of this Act relating to the publication of an award shall mutatis mutandis apply thereto. Commencem 6- (1) An award (including an arbitration award) shall become enforceable on e-nt of the A the expiry of thirty days from the date of its publication under section 6 : award Provided that if the State Government is of the opinion that it will be inexpedient, [on public grounds affecting national or State economy or social justice]1 to give effect to the whole or any part of the award, the State Government may, by notification in the official Gazette, declare that the award shall not become enforceable on the expiry of the said period of thirty days : Provided further that an arbitration award shall not become enforceable where the State Government after such enquiry, as it considers necessary, is satisfied that the same has been given or obtained through collusion, fraud or misrepresentation. 84 1. Subs. by section 4 of U. P. Act XXIII of 1957. 2. Substituted by U. P. Act No. 3 of 1991. [The United Provinces Industrial Disputes Act, 1947] [Section 6B-6C] (2) Where any declaration has been made in relation to an award under the first proviso to sub-section (1), the State Government may within ninety days from the date of publication of the award under section 6, make an order rejecting or modifying the award, and shall on the first available opportunity lay the award together with a copy of the order before the Legislature of the State.

(3) Where any award as rejected or modified by an order made under sub- section (2) is laid before the Legislature of the State, such award shall become enforceable on the expiry of fifteen days from the date on which it is so laid and where no order under sub-section (2) is made in pursuance of a declaration under the first proviso to sub-section (1), the award shall become enforceable on the expiry of the period of ninety days referred to in sub-section (2). (4) Subject to the provisions of sub-sections (1) and (3) regarding the enforceability of an award, the award shall come into operation with effect from such date as may be specified therein, but where no date is specified, it shall come into operation on the date when the award becomes enforceable under sub-section (1) or sub-section (3) as the case may be.]1 Settlement 2[6 (1) A settlement arrived at by agreement between the employer and outside -B workmen otherwise than in the course of conciliation proceeding shall, conciliatio except as provided in sub-section (4), be binding on the parties to the n agreement : proceeding s Provided that if the period for which a settlement shall remain in force, has not been laid down in such - settlement itself, it shall remain in force for one year from the date of its registration, (2) As soon as a settlement referred to in sub-section (1) has been arrived at, the parties to the settlement or anyone at them may apply to the Conciliation Officer of the area concerned in the prescribed manner for registration of the settlement. (3) On receipt of application for registration under sub-section (2) the Conciliation Officer or an authority notified by the State Government in this behalf, either (i) register the settlement in the prescribed 85 manner, or (ii) refuse registration if it considers it to be inexpedient to do so on public grounds affecting social justice, or if the settlement has been brough about as a result of collusion, fraud or misrepresentation. (4) Where a settlement under sub-section (1) has been refused registration, it shall not be binding under this Act. Award of 6- An award shall in the first instance remain in operation for a period of Labour C one year or such shorter period as maybe specified therein : Court or Tribunal Provided that the State Government may extend the period of or operation of an award from time to time, if it thinks fit: arbitration and its operation 1. Substituted by section 4 of U.P. Act No. 1 of 1957. 2. Sections 6-B to 6-R by section 8 of U.P. Act No. 1 of 1957. [The United Provinces Industrial Disputes Act, 1947] [Section 6D-6E] Provided further that where the State Government whether of its own motion or on the application of any party bound by the award, considers that since the award was made there has been a material change in the circumstances on which it was based, the State Government may, after such enquiry as it may think fit, shorten the period of operation of the award. Commence- 6- Proceedings before a Labour Court or Tribunal shall be deemed to ment and D have commenced on the date of reference of dispute to adjudication conclusion and such proceeding shall be deemed to have concluded en the date on of which the a award becomes enforceable under section 6-A. proceedings Conditions of 6- (1) During the pendency of any conciliation proceeding before a service, etc. E Conciliation Officer or a Board or of any proceeding before a Labour to Court or Tribunal in respect of an industrial dispute, no employer remain shall- unchanged in certain (a) in regard to any matter connected with the dispute, alter to circumstance the prejudice of the workmen concerned in such dispute, the s conditions of service applicable to them immediately before the during the commencement of such proceeding, or pendency of proceedings (b) for any misconduct connected with the dispute, discharge or punish, whether by dismissal or otherwise, any workman concerned in such dispute, save with the express permission in writing of the authority before which the proceeding is pending. (2) During the pendency of any such proceeding in respect of an industrial dispute the employer may, in accordance with the standing orders applicable to a workman concerned in such dispute- (a) alter, in regard to any matter not connected with the dispute, the conditions of service applicable to that workman immediately before the commencement of such proceeding, or 86 (b) for any misconduct not connected with the dispute, discharge or punish whether by dismissal or otherwise that workman: Provided that no such workman shall be discharged or dismissed, unless he has been paid wages for one month and an application has been made by the employer to the authority, before which the proceeding is pending, for approval of the action taken by the employer. (3) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (2), no employer shall, during the pendency of any such proceedings in respect of an industrial dispute take any action against any protected workman concerned in such dispute- (a) by altering to the prejudice of such protected workman, the conditions of service applicable to him immediately before the commencement of such proceedings, or (b) by discharging or punishing, whether by dismissal or otherwise; such protected workman, save with the express permission in writing of the authority before which the proceeding is pending. [The United Provinces Industrial Disputes Act, 1947] [Section 6F- 6G] Explanation—For, the purposes of this sub-section, a protected workman in relation to an establishment means a workman who, being an officer of a registered trade union, connected with the establishment, is recognized as such in accordance with rules made in this behalf. (4) In every establishment, the number of workmen to be recognized as protected workmen for the purposes of sub-section (3) shall not exceed one percent of the total number of workmen employed therein subject to a minimum number of five protected workmen and a maximum number of one hundred protected workmen and for the aforesaid purpose, the State Government may make rules providing for the distribution of such protected workmen among various trade unions, if any, connected with the establishment and the manner in which they may be chosen and recognized as protected workmen. (5) Where an employer makes an application to a Board, Labour Court or Tribunal under the proviso to sub-section (2) for approval of the action taken by him, the authority concerned shall, without delay, hear such application and pass, as expeditiously as possible, such order in relation thereto as it deems fit. Special 6- Where an employer contravenes the provisions of section 6-E during provision F the pendency of proceedings before a Labour Court or Tribunal, any for workmen aggrieved by such contravention may make a complaint in adjudication writing in the prescribed manner, to the Labour Court or Tribunal as as to the case may be, and on receipt of such complaint that Labour Court or whether Tribunal as the case may be, shall adjudicate upon the complaint as if it the 87 conditions were a dispute referred to or pending before it in accordance with this of service, Act and shall submit its award to the State Government and the etc. provisions if this Act shall apply accordingly. changed during the pendency of proceedings Power to 6- [(1) The State Government may, by order in writing for reasons to be transfer G recorded withdraw and transfer a preceding from – certain proceedings (i) one Labour Court to another Labour Court or any Tribunal; (ii) one Tribunal, to another Tribunal or to a Labour Court if the dispute is within the jurisdiction of the Labour Court for the disposal of the proceeding is so transferred may, such to any special directions in the order of transfer provide either de novo or from the stage at which the proceeding so transferred.]1 (2) Without prejudice to the provisions of sub-section (1) any Tribunal, if so authorized by the State Government, may transfer any proceeding under section 6-E or section 6-F pending before it to anyone of the Labour Courts specified for the disposal of such proceedings by the State Government by notification in the official Gazette and the Labour Court to which the proceeding is so transferred shall dispose of the same. 1. Subs. by section 5 of U. P. Act No. 34 of 1978. [The United Provinces Industrial Disputes Act, 1947] [Section 6H-6J] Recovery of 6-H [(1) Where any money is due to a workman from an employer under the money due provisions of sections 6-J to 6-R or under a settlement or award, or from an under an award given by an adjudicator or the State Industrial Tribunal employer appointed or constituted under this Act before the commencement of the Uttar Pradesh Industrial Disputes (Amendment and Miscellaneous U. P. Act I of Provisions) Act, 1956, the workman, may, without prejudice to any 1957 other mode of recovery. make an application to the State Government for the recovery, of the money due to him, and if the State Government is satisfied that any money is so due, it shall issue a certificate for that amount to the Collector who shall proceed to recover the same as if it were an arrear of land revenue.]1 (2) Where any workman is entitled to receive from the employer any benefit which is capable of being computed in terms of money, the amount at which such benefit should be computed may, subject to any rules, that may be made under this Act, be determined by such Labour Court as may be specified in this behalf by the State Government, and the amount so determined may be recovered as provided for in sub- section (1) (3) For the purposes of computing the money value of a benefit, the Labour 88 Court may, if it so thinks fit, appoint a Commissioner in the prescribed manner who shall, after taking such evidence as may be necessary, submit a report to the Labour Court and the Labour Court shall determine the amount after considering the report of the Commissioner and other circumstances of the case. Representatio 6-I (1) Subject to the provisions of' sub-sections (2) and (3), the parties to an n of the industrial dispute may be represented before a Board, Labour Court, parties or, Tribunal in the manner prescribed. (2) No party to any proceeding before a Board shall be represented by a legal practitioner, and no party to any proceeding before a Labour Court or Tribunal shall be represented by a legal practitioner, unless the consent of the other party or parties to the proceeding and the leave of the Presiding Officer of the Labour Court or Tribunal, as the case may be has been obtained. Act No. XVI [(3) No officer of a Union shall be entitled no represent any party unless a of 1926 period of two years has elapsed since its registration under the Indian Trade Unions Act, 1926 and the Union has been registered for one trade only: Provided that an officer of a federation of unions may subject to such conditions, as may be, prescribed represent any party.]2 Non 6-J (1) Sections 6-K to 6-M inclusive shall not apply application of (a) to industrial establishments in which less than fifty workmen the provision for lay-off in on an average per working day have been employed in the preceding certain cases calendar month, or 1. Subs. by section 5 of U. P. Act No. 23 of 1957. 2. Subs. by section 6 ibid. [The United Provinces Industrial Disputes Act, 1947] [Section 6K-6L] (b) to industrial establishments which are or a seasonal character or in which work is performed only intermittently. (2) If a question arises whether an industrial establishment is of a seasonal character or whether work is performed therein only intermittently, the decision of the State Government thereon shall be final. Explanation-- In this section and in sections 6-K, 6-L and 6-M “industrial establishment” means- -- Act No. 63 of 1948 (i) a factory as defined in clause (m) of section 2 of the Factories Act, 1948, or Act No. 25 (ii) a mine as defined in clause (j) of section 2 of the Mines Act, of 1952 1952; or Act No. 69 of 1951 (iii) a plantation as defined in clause (f) of section 2 of the Plantations Labour Act, 1951. Right of 6- (1) Whenever a workman (other than a substitute or a casual workman) 89 workmen K whose name is borne on the muster rolls of an industrial establishment laid off for and who has completed not less than one year of continuous service compensatio under an employer is laid-off, he shall be paid by the employer for all n days during which he is so laid off, except for such weekly holidays as may intervene, compensation which shall be equal to fifty per cent of the total of the basic wages and dearness allowance that would have been payable to him had he not been so laid-off : Provided that the compensation payable to a workman during any period of twelve months shall not be for more than forty-five days. (2) Notwithstanding anything contained in the proviso to sub-section (1), if during any period of twelve months, a workman is laid-off for more than forty-five days, whether continuously or intermittently and the lay- off after the expiry of the first forty five days comprises continuous periods of one week or more, the workman shall, unless there is any agreement to the contrary between him and the employer, be paid, for all the days comprised in every such subsequent period of lay-off for one week or more, compensation at the rate specified in sub-section (1): Provided that it shall be lawful for the employer in any case falling within this sub-section to retrench the workman in accordance with the provisions contained in section 6-N at any time after the expiry of the first forty-five days of lay-off and when he does so, any compensation paid to the workman for having been laid-off during the preceding twelve months may be set-off against the compensation payable for retrenchment. Explanation-- "Substitute workman" means a workman who is employed in an industrial establishment in the place of another workman whose name is borne on the muster rolls of the establishment, but shall cease to be regarded as such for the purposes of this section, if he has completed one year of continuous service in the establishment. Duty of an 6- Notwithstanding that workman in any industrial establishment have employer to L been laid-off, it shall be the duty of every employer to maintain for the maintain purposes of sections 6-J to 6-R a muster roll, and to provide for the muster rolls making of entries therein by workmen who may present themselves for of work at the establishment at the appointed time during normal working workmen hours. [The United Provinces Industrial Disputes Act, 1947] [Section 6M-6O] Workmen not 6-M No compensation shall be paid to a workman who has been laid-off-- entitled to (i) if he refuses to accept any alternative employment in the same compensation in certain establishment from which he has been laid-off or in any other cases establishment belonging to the same employer situate in the same town or village or situate within a radius of five miles from the establishment to which he belongs, if, in the opinion of the employer, such alternative employment does not call for any, special skill or previous experience and can be done by the workman, provided that the wages which would normally have been paid to the workman are offered for the alternative employment also ; 90 (ii) if he does not present himself for work at the establishment at the appointed time during normal working hours at least once a day ; (iii) if such laying-off is due to a strike or slewing down of production on the part of workmen in another part of the establishment. Conditions 6- No workman employed in any industry who has been in continuous precedent to N service for not less than one year under an employer shall be retrenched retrenchment by that employer until- of workmen (a) the workman has been given one month's notice in writing indicating the reasons for retrenchment and the period of notice has expired, or the workman has been paid in lieu of such notice, wages for the period of the notice : Provided that no such notice shall be necessary if the retrenchment is under an agreement which specifies a date for the termination of service; (b) the workman has been paid, at the time of retrenchment compensation which shall be equivalent to fifteen days average pay for every completed year of service or any part thereof in excess of six months; and (c) notice in the prescribed manner is served on the State Government. special 6- Notwithstanding anything contained in section 6-N no workman shall be provisions O entitled to compensation under that section by reasons merely of the fact relating to that there has been a change of employers in any case where the workmen ownership or management of the undertaking in which he is employed is employed in transferred, whether by agreement or by operation of law, from one undertakings employer to another: which are transferred Provided that- (a) the service of the workman has not been interrupted by reasons of the transfer , (b) the terms and conditions of service applicable to the workman after such transfer are not in any way less favourable to the workman than those applicable to him immediately before the transfer; and (c) the employer to whom the ownership or management of the undertaking is so transferred. is, under the terms of the transfer or otherwise, legally liable to pay to the workman, in the event of his retrenchment, compensation on the basis that his service has been continuous and has not been interrupted by the transfer. [The United Provinces Industrial Disputes Act, 1947] [Section 6P-6S] Procedure 6-P Where any workman in an industrial establishment, who is a citizen for of India, is to be retrenched and he belongs to a particular category of retrenchment workmen in that establishment, in the absence of any agreement between the employer and the workman in this behalf, the employer shall ordinarily 91 retrench the workman who was the last person to be employed in that category, unless for reasons to be recorded the employer retrenches any other workman. Re- 6- Where any workmen are retrenched, and the employer proposes to employment Q take into his employ any persons, he shall, in such manner as may be of retrenched prescribed, give an opportunity to the retrenched workmen to offer workmen themselves for re-employment, and the retrenched workmen who offer themselves for re-employment shall have preference over other persons. Effect of 6- (1) The provisions from sections 6-J to 6-Q shall have effect laws R notwithstanding anything inconsistent therewith contained in any other law inconsistent (including Standing Orders) made under the Industrial Employment with sections (Standing Orders) Act, 1946; 6-J to 6-Q Provided that nothing contained in this Act shall have effect to Act XX of derogate from any right which a workman has under the Minimum Wages 1946 Act, 1948, or any notification or order issued thereunder or any award for the time being in operation or any contract with the employer. Act XI of (2) For the removal of doubts, it is hereby declared that nothing 1948 contained in sections 6-J to 6-R shall be deemed to affect the provision of any other law for the time being in force so far as that law provides for the settlement of industrial disputes, but the rights and liabilities of employers and workmen in so far as they relate to lay off and retrenchment shall be determined in accordance with the provisions of sections 6-J to 6-Q.]1 2[Prohibition 6- (1) No person employed in an industrial establishment shall go on of illegal S strike -- strikes and lock outs (a) without giving to the employer a notice of strike within thirty days before striking ; or (b) within fourteen days of giving such notice ; or (c) before the expiry of the date of strike specified in any such notice as aforesaid; or (d) during the pendency of any conciliation proceeding before a Conciliation Officer or Board and thirty days after the conclusion of such proceeding, if he is concerned in the dispute which is the subject-matter of such proceeding; or (e) between the commencement-and the conclusion of proceeding before a Labour Court or a Tribunal if he is concerned in the dispute which is the subject-matter of such proceeding ; or 1. Sections 6-B to 6- R added by section 8 of U. P. Act I of 1957. 2. Sections 6-S to 6-U added by section 7 of U.P. Act XXIII of 1957. 92 [The United Provinces Industrial Disputes Act, 1947] [Section 6-T] (f) during any period in which a settlement or award is in operation, in respect of the matters covered by the settlement or award, (2) No employer shall lock-out any of his workmen -- (a) without giving him notice of lock-out within thirty days before locking out; or (b) within fourteen days of giving such notice ; or (c) before the expiry of the date of lock-out specified in any such notice as aforesaid; or (d) during the pendency of any conciliation proceeding before a Conciliation Officer or Board and thirty days after the conclusion of such proceeding, if the workman is concerned in the dispute which is the subject-matter of such proceeding; or (e) between the Commencement and the conclusion of proceeding before a Labour Court or a Tribunal, if the workman is concerned in the dispute which is the subject matter of such proceeding; or (f) during any period in which a settlement or award is in operation, in respect of any of the matters covered by the settlement or award. (3) The notice of strike or lock-out under this section shall not be necessary where a lock-out or as the case may be, a strike already exists in the industrial establishment, but the employer shall send intimation of the lock-out or strike on the day on which it is declared to such authority as may be prescribed. (4) Every notice of strike or lock-out under this section shall specify a date within three days of which, if no strike or lock-out takes place in pursuance of the notice, the notice shall cease to have effect and fresh notice shall have to be given for a strike or lock-out. (5) The notice of strike, referred to in sub-section (1) shall be given by such number of persons to such person or persons and in such manner, as may be prescribed. (6) The notice of lock-out referred to in sub-section (2), shall be given in such manner as may be prescribed. Illegal strikes 6- (1) A strike or lock-out shall be illegal if it is commenced or declared in and lock-out T contravention of section 6-S or is continued beyond the date on which the industrial dispute to which the strike or as the case may be, the lock-out relates, is taken up by a Board or is referred for adjudication to a Labour Court or Tribunal. (2) A strike declared in consequence of an illegal lock-out or a lock-out declared in, consequence of an illegal strike in an industrial 93 establishment, shall not be deemed to be illegal. [The United Provinces Industrial Disputes Act, 1947] [Section 6U-6W] Prohibition of 6-U No person shall, aid, instigate or incite others to take part in or instigation or otherwise act in furtherance of any strike or lock-out which is, or when incitement to commenced, will be in contravention of the provision of this Act.]1 illegal strikes and lock-outs 1[Application 6-V (1) The provisions of sections 6-W and 6-X shall apply to an industrial of sections establishment pertaining to an industry other than an industry referred 6V and 6X to in sub-clause (i) of clause (a) of section 2 of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 (not being an establishment of a seasonal character or in which work is performed only intermittently) in which not less than three hundred work men were employed on an average per working day for the preceding twelve months; (2) If a question arises whether an industrial establishment is of a seasonal character or whether work is performed therein only intermittently; the decision of the State Government thereon shall be final. Procedure for 6-W (1) An employer who intends to close down an undertaking of an industrial closing down establishment shall, in the prescribed manner, apply, for prior an permission, at least ninety days before the date on which the intended undertaking closure is to become effective, to the State Government, stating clearly the reasons for the intended closure of the undertaking and a copy of such application shall also be served simultaneously on the representatives of the workmen in the prescribed manner : Provided that nothing in this sub-section shall apply to an undertaking set up for the construction of buildings, bridges, roads, canals, dams or for other construction work. (2) Where an application for permission has been made under sub-section (1), the State Government, after making such enquiry as it thinks fit and after giving a reasonable opportunity of being heard to the employer, the workmen and the persons interested in such closure may, having regard to the genuineness and adequacy of the reasons stated by the· employer, the interests of the general public and all other relevant factors, by order and for reasons to be recorded in writing, grant or refuse to grant such permission and a copy of such order shall be communicated to the employer and the workmen. (3) Where an application has been made under sub section (1) and the State Government does not communicate the order granting or refusing to grant permission to the employer within a period of sixty days from the date on which such application is made, the permission applied for shall be deemed to have been granted on the expiration of the said period of sixty days. (4) An order of the State Government granting or refusing to grant permission shall, subject to the provisions of sub-section (5), be final and binding on all the parties and shall remain in force for one year 94 from the date of such order. (5) The State Government may, either on its own motion or on the application made by the employer or. any workman, review its order granting or refusing to grant permission under sub-section (2) or refer the matter to a Tribunal for adjudication ; 1. Sections 6-S to 6-U added by section 7 of U.P. Act XXIII of 1957. [The United Provinces Industrial Disputes Act, 1947] [Section 6-X] Provided that where a reference has been made to a Tribunal under this sub-section, it shall pass an award within a period of thirty days from the date of such reference. (6) Where no application for permission under sub section (1) is made within the period specified therein, or where the permission for closure has been refused, the closure of the undertaking shall be deemed to be illegal from the date of closure and the workmen shall be entitled to all the benefits under any law for the time being in force as if the undertaking had not been closed down. (7) Notwithstanding anything contained in the foregoing provisions of this section, the State Government may, if it is satisfied that owing to such exceptional circumstances an accident in the undertaking or death of the employer or the like it is necessary so to do, by order, direct that the provisions of sub-section (1) shall not apply in relation to such period as may: be specified in the order. (8) Where an undertaking is permitted to be closed down under sub-section (2) or where permission for closure is deemed to be granted under sub- section (3), every workman who is employed in that undertaking immediately before the date of application for permission under this section shall be entitled to receive compensation which shall be equivalent to fifteen days average- pay for every completed year of continuous service or any part thereof in excess of six months. Special 6- (1) If the State Government is of opinion in respect of any undertaking of an provision as X industrial establishment which has been closed down before or after the to commencement of the Uttar Pradesh Industrial Disputes (Amendment) the re- Act, 1983— starting of certain (a) that such undertaking was closed down otherwise than on undertakings account of unavoidable circumstances beyond the control of the employer; (b) that there are possibilities of restarting the undertaking; (c) that it is necessary for the rehabilitation of the workmen employed in such undertaking before its closure or for the maintenance of supplies and services essential to the life of the community to restart the undertaking or both; and (d) that the restarting of the undertaking will not result in hardship 95 to the employer in relation to the undertaking; it may, after giving an opportunity to such employer and workmen for reasons to be recorded in writing direct, by order published in the Gazette, that the undertaking shall be restarted within such time (not being less than one month from the date of the order) as may be specified in the order. (2) Where the employer is aggrieved from an order passed under sub-section (1), he may refer the matter in the prescribed manner to the Tribunal for adjudication and the Tribunal may pass such orders as it thinks proper and reasonable in the circumstances of the case.]1 1. Added by section 3 of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1983. [The United Provinces Industrial Disputes Act, 1947] [Section 7-9] Power to 7. Without prejudice to the generality of the powers vesting under continue order sections [the provisions of this Act]1 the [State Government]2 may, by passed under order, for the purposes contemplated in section 3 -- other enactments (i) continue, with such modifications as it may consider necessary, under such conditions, and for such period as may be specified in the order, any order which was previously passed under any other enactment in force, enforcing all or any of the decisions of an adjudicator or recommendations of a conciliator or any agreement reached in conciliation proceedings between the parties to an industrial dispute. (ii) enforce [in the prescribed manner]3 for such period as may be specified, the whole or any part of, an agreement reached in conciliation proceedings between the parties to an industrial dispute. Power to 8. Without prejudice to any other provision contained in this Act the obtain [State Government]2 or an officer authorized by it in this behalf may- information (i) require by order any person to furnish or produce before any specified authority or person such information or article in his possession as may be specified in the order being information or article which the [State Government]2 or such officer considers necessary or expedient to obtain or examine for the purposes of this Act ; (ii) authorize any person to enter or search any premises, or to inspect and seize any books or other documents or articles belonging to or under the control of any person which the [State Government]2 or the officer making the order may consider necessary for enforcing such order. 96 False 9. If any person- statement (i) when required by order to make any statement or furnish any information, makes any statement or furnishes any information which he knows or has reasonable cause to believe to be false, or not true, in any material particular; or (ii) makes any such statement as aforesaid in any account, declaration, estimate, return or other document which he is required by order to furnish, he shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to three years or with fine or with both. 1. Subs. by section 9 (i) of U. P. Act No. 1 of 1957. 2. Subs. by A . 0. 1950 for [Provincial Government). 3. Subs. by section 9(ii) of U.P. Act l of 1957. [The United Provinces Industrial Disputes Act, 1947] [Section 10-11D] Power to 10. Where any person is required by order to make any statement or furnish require any information to any authority, that authority may by order with a view to production of verifying the statement made, or the information furnished by such person, books, etc. further require him to produce any books, accounts or other documents relating thereto which may be in his possession or under his control. Prohibition 11. (1) No person who obtains any information by virtue of this Act, shall, against otherwise than in connexion with the execution of the provisions of this disclosing Act or any of order made in pursuance thereof, disclose that information information to any other person except with permission granted by or on behalf of the [State Government.]1 (2) If any person contravenes the provisions of sub-section (1), he shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to two years or with fine or with both. 2[Delegation 11-A The State Government may, by notification in the official Gazette, of powers direct that any power exercisable by it under this Act or rules made thereunder shall, in relation to such matter and subject to such conditions, if any, as may be specified, in the direction, be exercisable also by such officers or authorities subordinate to the State Government as may be specified in the notification. Powers to 11-B (1) If in the opinion of the State Government any difficulty or doubt arises as remove to the interpretation of any provision of an award or settlement, it may difficulties refer the question to such Labour Court or Tribunal as it may think fit. (2) The Labour Court or Tribunal to which such question is referred, shall after giving the parties an opportunity of being heard, decide such question and its decision shall be final and binding on all such parties. Interpretation, 11-C If any question arises as to the application or interpretation of a standing etc. of standing order certified under the Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act, 1946 orders any employer or workman may refer the question to anyone of the Labour 97 Courts specified for the disposal of such proceeding by the State Act No.20 of Government by notification in the official Gazette, and the Labour Court to 1946 which the question is so referred shall, after giving the parties an opportunity of being heard, decide the question and such decision shall be final and binding on the parties. Conciliation 11-D Every Conciliation Officer and every member and Chairman of a Board Officers and and every Presiding Officer of a Labour Court or Tribunal shall be deemed to certain others be, a public servant within the meaning of section 21 of the Indian Penal to be public Code. servants Act No. 45 of 1860 1. Subs. by the A. O. 1950 for (Provincial Government). 2. Sections 11-A to 11-F added by s. l0 of U. P. Act I of 1957. [The United Provinces Industrial Disputes Act, 1947] [Section 11E-12] Labour Court 11-E Every Labour Court or Tribunal shall be deemed to be a Civil Court or Tribunal to for the purposes of section 480 and 482 of the Code of Criminal be deemed Procedure, 1898. Civil Court for certain purpo- ses Act No. 5 of 1898 Powers of the 11-F (1) If any person- Labour Court or Tribunal in (a) when ordered by a Labour Court or Tribunal to produce or relation to deliver up any document, being legally bound, intentionally omits to contempt do so; or (b) when required by a Labour Court or Tribunal to bind himself by an oath or affirmation to state the truth, refuses to do so, or (c) being legally bound to state the truth on any subject to a Labour Court or Tribunal refuses to answer any question put to him touching such subject by such Labour Court or Tribunal,or (d) refuses to sign any statement made by him when required to do so by a Labour Court or Tribunal, or (e) intentionally offers any insult or causes any interruption to 98 a Labour Court or Tribunal at any stage of its judicial proceedings, he shall be deemed to be guilty of contempt of such Labour Court, Tribunal, as the case may be. (2) If any person commits any act or publishes any writing, which is calculated to improperly influence a Labour Court or Tribunal, or to bring such Labour Court or Tribunal, or the Presiding Officer thereof into disrepute or contempt or to lower its or his authority, or interfere with the lawful process of any such Labour Court or Tribunal such person shall be deemed to be guilty of contempt of such Labour Court or Tribunal as the case may be. (3) The Labour Court or Tribunal shall have and exercise the same jurisdiction, power and authority in accordance with the same procedure and practice in respect of contempt of itself as the High Court has and exercises in respect of itself.]1 [Power under 12. Unless any order made under this Act makes express provision to the Industrial contrary, nothing in this Act shall affect the power of the State Disputes Act, Government to refer any industrial dispute or matters connected 1947 to therewith under the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 or to deal with any continue report or settlement in accordance with the provisions of that Act. Act No. XIV of 1947 1. Sections 11-A to 11-F added by section l0 of U. P. Act I of 1957. [The United Provinces Industrial Disputes Act, 1947] [Section 12A-15] Removal of 12-A For the removal of doubts it is hereby declared that nothing in this Act doubts shall be deemed to preclude the Central Government from constituting a National Tribunal under the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 for the time being in force or any such Tribunal from exercising any powers conferred upon it under that Act.]1 Arbitration 13. Nothing in the Arbitration Act, 1940, shall apply to any proceeding Act, 1940 not under any order made under this Act. to apply under this Act Act X of 1940 [Penalty 14. Whoever contravenes any of the provisions of this Act or any rule or order made thereunder shall, if no other penalty is provided by or under the Act for such contravention, be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to three years, or with fine, or with both.]2 [Penalty for 14-A Any person who commits a breach of any term of any settlement or breach of award, which is binding on him under this Act, shall be punishable terms of ward with imprisonment for a term which may extend to six months, or with 99 fine, or with both, and where the breach is a continuing one, with further fine which may extend to two hundred rupees for every day during which the breach continues after the conviction for the first; and the court trying the offence, if it fines the offender, may direct that the whole or any part of the fine realised from him shall be paid by way of compensation, to any person who, in its opinion has been injured by such breach.]3 [14- (1) Any employer who closes down an undertaking in contravention of the B provisions of section 3 or section. 6-W shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to three years or with fine or with both. (2) Any employer, who contravenes a direction given under section 6-X shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to three years or with fine or with both, and where the contravention is a continuing one, with a further fine which may extend to two thousand rupees for every day during which the contravention continues after the conviction.]4 Offence to be 15. Notwithstanding anything contained in the Second Schedule to the deemed Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898, any police officer may arrest cognizable without warrant any person who is reasonably suspected of having committed, or of committing, or of being about to commit a contravention of any rule or order made under this Act. 1. Subs, by S. 11 of U P. Act I of 1957. 2. Subs. by section 12 ibid. 3. Added by section 6 of U.P. Act No. 34 of 1978. 4. Added by section 4 of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1983. [The United Provinces Industrial Disputes Act, 1947] [Section 16-19] Cognizance 16. (1) No Court shall take cognizance of any offence punishable under this of offence Act except on a report in writing of the facts constituting such offence made by the District Magistrate or by a public servant other than a District Magistrate with the previous sanction in writing of the District Magistrate. (2) No court inferior to that of a Magistrate of the First Class shall try any offence punishable under this Act. Effect of 17. Any rule or order made or deemed to b made under this Act shall have provision effect notwithstanding anything inconsistent there with contained in inconsistent any other enactment or in any instrument having effect by virtue of other any other enactment. enactments 100 Attempt and 18. Any person who attempts to contravene or abets a contravention of abetment any rule or order made or deemed to be made under this Act shall be deemed to have contravened that order. Publication, 19. (1) Save, as otherwise expressly provided in an order made under this Act, affixation every authority, officer or person who makes any order in writing in and pursuance of this Act [other than an award]1 shall, in the case of an defacement order of a general nature or affecting a class of persons, publish notice of notice of such order in such manner as may in the opinion of such authority, officer or person, be best adapted for informing persons whom the order concerns and in the case of an order affecting an individual, corporation or firm serve or cause the order to be served in the manner provided for the service of a summons in Order XXIX, Rule 2, or Order XXX, Rule 3 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, as the case may be, and in the case of an order affecting an individual person (not being a corporation or firm) serve or cause the order to be served on that person-- (i) personally by delivering or tendering to him the order; or (ii) by post ; or (iii) where the person cannot he found, by leaving an authentic copy of the order with some adult male member of his family or by affixing such copy to some conspicuous part of the premises in which he is known to have last resided or carried on business or personally worked for gain. (2) If in the course of any judicial proceedings, a question arises whether a person was duly informed of an order made in pursuance of this Act, compliance with sub-section (1) shall be conclusive proof that he was so informed; but a failure to comply with sub-section (1)-- 1. Inserted by section 13 of U. P. Act No. 1 of 1957. [The United Provinces Industrial Disputes Act, 1947] [Section 20-21] (i) shall not preclude proof by other means that he was so informed ; and (ii ) shall not affect the validity or the order. (3) Any police officer and any other person authorized by the [State Government]1 in this behalf may, for any purpose connected with the purposes mentioned in section 3 for the administration of this Act, affix any notice to, or cause any notice to be displayed on any premises, vehicle or vessel and may, for the purpose of exercising the power conferred by this Act, enter any premises, vehicle, or vessel at 101 any time. (4) Any person authorized by the [State Government]1 in this behalf may, for any purpose mentioned in sub-section (3), by order direct the owner or other person in possession or control of any premises, vehicle or vessel to display, any notice on, or in the premises, vehicle or vessel in such manner as may be specified in the order. (5) If any person without lawful authority removes, alters, defaces, obliterates or in any way tampers with any notice affixed, or displayed in pursuance of this Act, or contravenes any order under sub-section (4), he shall be punishable with imprisonment for an term which may extend to six months or with fine or with both. Offence by a 20. If the person contravening a rule or order made or deemed to be made corporation under this Act is a company or other body corporate, every director, manager, secretary, or other officer or agent thereof shall, unless he proves that the contravention took place without his knowledge or that he exercised all due diligence to prevent such contravention, be deemed to be guilty of such contravention. Saving 21. (1) The provisions of section 6 of the United Provinces General Clauses Act, 1904, shall apply upon the expiry or withdrawl of the United Provinces Industrial Disputes Ordinance, 1947, and the United Provinces Industrial Disputes (Second) Ordinance, 1947, as if they had then been repealed by a [Uttar Pradesh]2 Act; and any order or appointment made or deemed to be made under the said Ordinances and in force immediately before the commencement of this Act shall continue in force and be deemed to be an order or appointment made under this Act. (2) No order made in exercise of any power conferred by or under this Act or the said Ordinances shall be called in question in any court. 1. Substituted by the A. O. 1950 for (Provincial Government). 2. Substituted by the A. O. 1950 for [United Provinces]. [The United Provinces Industrial Disputes Act, 1947] [Section 22-23] Act I of 1872 (3) When any order purports to have been made and signed by any authority in exercise of any power conferred by or under this Act or the said Ordinances, a court shall, within the meaning of Indian Evidence Act, 1872, presume that such order was so made by that authority. Protection 22. (1) No suit, prosecution or other legal proceedings shall in against any person for anything which is in good faith done or intended to be done 102 in pursuance of this Act or any rule or order made or deemed to be made thereunder. (2) No suit or legal proceedings shall lie against the [Government]1 for any damage caused or likely to be caused by anything which is in good faith done or intended to be done in pursuance of this Act or any rule or order made or deemed to be made thereunder. Rule making 23. (1) The [State Government]2 may make rules consistent with this Act for power giving effect to the provisions of this Act. [(2) Without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing power such rules may provide for -- (a) the manner of appointment of Presiding Officers of Labour Courts and Tribunals and the conditions of their employment; (b) the manner in which a reference shall be made to a Labour Court or a Tribunal; (c) the manner of appointment of Conciliation Officers and the conditions of their employment; (d) the procedure to be followed in conciliation proceedings; (e) the manner of remission of award by the State Government to the adjudicating authority; (f) the manner of registration of settlements ; (g) the manner and the form in which muster rolls of workmen shall be maintained ; and (h) the matters which are to be and may be prescribed. (3) All rules made under this section shall, as soon as possible after they are made, be laid before the State Legislature.]3 1. Subs. by the A. O. 1950 for [Crown]. 2. Subs. by A. O. 1950 for (Provincial Government) 3. Add. by section 14 of' U. P. Act No. I of 1957. [The United provinces Industrial Disputes Act, 1947] [Schedule 1-2] THE FIRST SCHEDULE (See Section (4-A) (Matters with in the jurisdiction of Labour Courts) 103 1. The propriety or legality of an order passed by an employer under the Standing Orders ; 2. The application and interpretation of Standing Orders ; 3. Discharge, and dismissal of workman including reinstatement of, or grant of relief to, workmen wrongfully dismissed; 4. Withdrawal of any customary concession or privilege ; 5. Illegality or otherwise of a strike or lock-out; and 6. All matters other than those specified in. the Second Schedule. THE SECOND SCHEDULE (See Section 4-B) (Matters with in the jurisdiction of Industrial Tribunals) 1. Wages, including the period and mode of payment; 2. Compensatory, and other allowances ; 3. Hours of work and rest intervals; 4. Leave with wages and holidays; 5. Bonus, profit sharing, provident fund and gratuity; 6. Shift working otherwise than in accordance with standing orders; 7. Classification by grades ; 8. Rules of discipline ; 9. Rationalization; 10. Retrenchment of workmen and closure of establishment; 2[10 A .

Any matter relating to the closure of the undertaking of an industrial establishment;] and 11. Any other matter for that may be prescribed. 1. Schedules I, II and III added by section 15 of U. P. Act I of 1957. 2. Substituted by section 5 of U.P. Act No. 26, 1983. [The United provinces Industrial Disputes Act, 1947] [Schedule 3] THE THIRD SCHEDULE (See Section (4-I) (Conditions of service for change of which notice is to be given) 1. Wages including the period and mode of payment; 104 2. Contribution paid, or payable, by the employer to any provident fund or pension fund or for the benefit of the workmen under any law for the time being in force; 3. Compensatory and other allowances; 4. Hours of work and rest intervals; 5. Leave with wages and holidays ; 6. Starting, alteration or discontinuance of shift working otherwise than in accordance with standing orders; 7. Classification by grades ; 8. Withdrawal of any customary concession or privilege or change in usage; 9. Introduction of new rules of discipline, or alteration of existing rules, except in so far as they are provided in standing orders; 10. Rationalization, standardization or improvement to plant or technique which is likely to lead to retrenchment of workmen; 11. Any increase or reduction (other than casual) in the number of persons employed or to be employed in any occupation or process or department or shift, not due to forced mattters.