The UTTAR PRADESH REGULATION OF MONEY-LENDING ACT, 1976

239 THE UTTAR PRADESH REGULATION OF MONEY-LENDING ACT, 19761 [U.P. ACT NO. 29 OF 1976] [Authoritative English Text of the Uttar Pradesh Sahukari Viniyaman Adhiniyam, 1976] AN ACT to provide, in the interest of the general public, for the regulation of money-lending transactions and for the registration of money-lenders, and for matters connected therewith, or incidental thereto. IT IS HEREBY enacted in the Twenty-seventh Year of the Republic of India as follows:-- CHAPTER I Preliminary Short title, 1- (1) This Act may be called the Uttar Pradesh Regulation of Money-Lending extent and Act, 1976. commencement (2) It extends to the whole of Uttar Pradesh. (3) It shall come into force on such date as the State Government may, by notification appoint in this behalf. Savings 2- (1) Nothing in this Act shall apply to or in respect of – [(a) any loan or advance by or any deposit with any bank or a co- operative society;]2 (b) any loan or advance to or by or deposit with the Government or any local authority, the Life Insurance Corporation of India or any other statutory corporation or a public company (as defined in the Companies Act, 1956), or the Government Post Office Saving Bank; (c) the purchase or sale or other transfer of any securities (not including mortgage of immovable property) in which a trustee may, under any law for the time being in force, invest trust-money ; (d) any loan to a subscriber to, or a depositor in a provident fund to which the Provident Funds Act, 1925 applies, or any recognized provident fund as defined in clause (38) of section 2 of the Income-tax Act, 1961 or the public provident fund established under the Public Provident Fund Act, 1968 from the amount standing to his credit in the fund in accordance with the rule of such fund; (e) any agreement referred to in section 3 of the Uttar Pradesh Public Moneys (Recovery of Dues) Act, 1972; (f) any loan, advance or deposit against a hundi or other bill of exchange (as defined in the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881), or a document of title to goods (as defined in the Indian Sale of Goods Act, 1930) ; (Passed in Hindi by the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly on April 29, 1976 and by the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council on May 6, 1976). (Received the Assent of the President on July 17, 1976 under Article 201 of ‘the Constitution of India’ and was published in the Uttar Pradesh Gazette, Extraordinary, dated July 20, 1976). 1. For Statement of Objects and Reasons, please see Uttar Pradesh Gazette (Extraordinary), dated April 29, 1976. 2. Ins. by U.P. Act no. 1 of 1979. 240 [The Uttar Pradesh Regulation of Money-Lending Act, 1976] [Section 3] (g) any loan or advance to, or by, or a deposit with any society or association registered under the Societies Registration Act, 1869, or any other enactment relating to a public, religious or charitable object ; (h) any loan advanced to a Government servant from a fund established for the welfare or assistance of such servants and which is sanctioned by the Government. (2) Nothing in section 12 shall apply in respect of any loan of a sum exceeding rupees five thousand advanced to a registered money-lender or to a contractor or any other person carrying on any profession, trade or industry. Definitions 3- In this Act – (1) ‘bank’ means – (a) a banking company as defined in the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 ; (b) the State Bank of India constituted under the State Bank of India Act, 1955; (c) a subsidiary bank as defined in the State Bank of India (Subsidiary Bank) Act, 1959 ; (d) a “corresponding new bank” constituted under the Banking Companies (Acquisition and Transfer of Undertakings) Act, 1970 ; (e) a Regional Rural Bank established under sub-section (1) of section 3 of the Regional Rural Banks Act, 1976 ; (f) any banking institution notified by the Central Government under section 51 of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 ; or (g) any other banking or financial institution notified by the State Government as a bank for the purposes of this Act ; (2) ‘business of money-lending’ means the business of advancing loans, whether or not in connection with or in addition to any other business; (3) ‘co-operative society’ means a co-operative society as defined in the Uttar Pradesh Co-operative Societies Act, 1965 ; (4) ‘interest’ in relation to a loan, includes any sum, by whatever name called in excess of the principal, paid or payable to a money-lender in consideration of or otherwise in respect of the loan, but does not include any sum lawfully charged by a money-lender for or on account of costs, charges or expenses in accordance with the provision of this Act or any other law for the time being in force ; (5) ‘loan’ means an advance at interest whether of money or in kind and includes any transaction which is in substance a loan, but does not include sale of any goods by a dealer in such goods whether on credit or on hire-purchase; (6) ‘money-lender’ means a person who carries on the business of money- lending ; (7) ‘principal’, in relation to a loan, means the amount actually advanced to the debtor ; (8) ‘registration’ means registration under this Act, and ‘registered’ shall be construed accordingly. 241 [The Uttar Pradesh Regulation of Money-Lending Act, 1976] [Section 4-7] CHAPTER II Appointment of Officers Registration 4- (1) The State Government may, by notification, appoint a Registrar General Authorities of Money-lending (hereinafter referred to as the Registrar General) who shall have jurisdiction throughout Uttar Pradesh, and as many Registrars of Money- lending (hereinafter referred to as Registrars) or Deputy Registrars of Money- lending (hereinafter referred to as Deputy Registrars), and Assistant Registrars of Money-lending (hereinafter referred to as the Assistant Registrars), as it thinks fit, each having jurisdiction over such area as may be specified. (2) The Registrar General shall have the superintendence, direction and control of and over Registrars, Deputy Registrars and Assistant Registrars in the performance of their functions under this Act. Power to 5- The Registrar General, the Registrars, the Deputy Registrars and the inspect Assistant Registrars shall have such powers of inspection in respect of the account and accounts and other records of the business of money-lending carried on by any other records person, and such other powers as may be prescribed. Register of 6- Every Registrar shall maintain for the area within his jurisdiction, a register money-lenders of money-lender in such form and containing such particulars as may be prescribed. CHAPTER III Registration of Money-lenders Certificate of 7- (1) Any person carrying on the business of money-lending on the date of Registration commencement of this Act wishing to carry on such business after such commencement,[or any person wishing to commence such business after the said date,]1 in any part of Uttar Pradesh may apply to the Registrar within the local limits of whose jurisdiction he has his principal place of such business, and where his principal place of business is situated outside Uttar Pradesh, to any Registrar within the local limits of whose jurisdiction he carries on or proposes to carry on his business, for registration as a money-lender under this Act : Provided that any person carrying on the said business [from the date of commencement of the Uttar Pradesh Regulation of Money-Lending (Amendment) Act, 1978]2 of this Act may apply for registration under this Act within three months from the date of such commencement. (2) The application shall be in such form and shall contain such particulars and shall be accompanied by a deposit of such fee, which shall be paid in such manner as may be prescribed. (3) The Registrar shall after satisfying himself that the application is in conformity with the requirement of sub-section (2), and that the applicant is not a person against whom an order under section 16 or sub-section (2) of section 22 is for the time being in force, enter his name and other particulars in the register of money-lender referred to in section 6, and grant him a certificate of registration in the prescribed form. 1- Added by words in section 3 (a) of U.P. Act no. 1 of 1979. 2- Substituted by section 3 (b) ibid. 242 [The Uttar Pradesh Regulation of Money-Lending Act, 1976] [Section 8-11] (4) Such certificates shall be valid throughout Uttar Pradesh and shall, unless cancelled or suspended earlier under this Act, remain in force for a period of one year from the date of its commencement, and the money-lender shall, on payment of such fee as may be prescribed, be entitled to renewal of his certificate, unless the Registrar, for sufficient cause, refuses to renew the certificate: Provided that no order refusing to renew a certificate shall be passed except after giving to the money-lender an opportunity of showing cause. Cancellation 8- (1) The Registrar may, at any time, for sufficient cause cancel or suspend a and certificate of registration granted under section 7 : suspension of certificate of Provided that no order cancelling a certificate shall be passed except after registration giving to the money-lender an opportunity of showing cause. (2) Where any certificate of registration is suspended or cancelled under sub- section (1), no person shall be entitled to any compensation or to refund of any registration fee. Appeal 9- Any person aggrieved by an order of the Registrar refusing to grant a certificate under section 7 or cancelling or suspending it under section 8 may within thirty days from the date of such order prefer an appeal against the order to the Registrar General, who may thereupon pass such orders as he thinks fit. CHAPTER IV Duties and Obligations of Money-lenders Restriction on 10- (1) No person shall carry on the business of money-lending, unless he holds a business of valid certificate of registration : money lending Provided that a person referred to in the proviso to sub-section (1) of section 7 may, subject to other provisions of this Act, continue to carry on such business for the period mentioned in that proviso and thereafter until his application for registration is refused. (2) Every registered money-lender shall display his certificate of registration in such manner as may be prescribed. Maintenance 11- (1) Every registered money-lender raising money by deposits from the public, of liquid assets shall maintain by way of liquid assets an amount which shall not, at the close of the business on any day, be less than twenty-five percent of his outstanding liabilities in respect of such deposits. (2) No money-lender, referred to in sub-section (1), shall, at any time have invested in an unsecured loan which shall, at the close of the business on any day, be more than fifty percent of the deposits held by him or double the amount of liquid assets maintained by him, whichever is greater. Explanation – For the purposes of this section, the expression ‘liquid assets’, in relation to a money-lender, means – (a) balance of cash with the money-lender ; or (b) any amount held by him in a current or any other deposit account with a scheduled bank ; or 243 [The Uttar Pradesh Regulation of Money-Lending Act, 1976] [Section 12-14] (c) investment by him in unencumbered securities (not including mortgage of immovable property) in which trustee may, under any law for the time being in force, invest trust money. Maximum rate 12- (1) Notwithstanding anything contained in any decree, order, custom, contract of interest or other instrument or any other law for the time being in force, no money-lender shall in respect of any loan, whether advanced before or after the commencement of this Act, be entitled to interest exceeding such rates as may be notified under sub-section (2). (2) The State Government may from time to time, after considering the rate of interest normally charged by a scheduled banks for commercial loans, notify the maximum rates of interest that may be charged by money-lenders : Provided that different rates may be notified for secured and unsecured loans. (3) Any alteration in the rate of interest notified under sub-section (2) shall not affect the validity of any claim for interest made in respect of a loan granted before such alteration. Duties of a 13- (1) Every money-lender shall - Money-lender (a) mention or cause to be mentioned in every document evidencing a loan advanced by him in the course of his money-lending business – (i) the true principal amount ; and (ii) his registration number; (b) maintain such accounts, forms and registers as may be prescribed, and furnish to the Registrar such periodical returns as may be prescribed; (c) issue to the debtor or his agent a receipt attested by at least one witness for every payment made by him ; and (d) on payment of the prescribed charges, furnish to the debtor such documents or yearly statements of accounts as may be prescribed. (2) A debtor to whom a document or statement of account has been furnished under clause (d) sub-section (1), shall not be bound to acknowledge or deny its correctness, and his failure to do so shall not, by itself, be deemed to be an admission of the correctness thereof. Certain loans 14- (1) Every loan advanced, after the commencement of this Act, by a money- to be made lender shall be evidenced by a cheque, if the amount of such loan is one thousand only by cheques rupees or more : [Provided that nothing in this sub-section shall apply to a transaction where a fresh bond or promissory note is executed in lieu of a bond or promissory note which remains wholly or partly unpaid.]1 (2) Every transaction of money-lending in relation to a loan advanced in contravention of sub-section (1) shall be void. 1- Add proviso in section 4 by the U.P. Act No. 1 of 1979. 244 [The Uttar Pradesh Regulation of Money-Lending Act, 1976] [Section 15-18] CHAPTER IV Procedure in Suits Special 15- (1) The provisions of this section shall apply to every suit, whether heard provisions ex parte or otherwise – applicable to claims by (a) by a money-lender for the recovery of a loan advanced after the money-lender commencement of this Act ; (b) by a money-lender for the enforcement of any security taken or any agreement, whether by way of settlement of account or otherwise, made after the commencement of this Act in respect of any loan advanced either before or after such commencement; (c) against a money-lender for the redemption of any security given to him after the commencement of this Act in respect of any loan advanced either before or after such commencement. (2) In any such suit, if the court finds that the money-lender’s claim is untrue, wholly or in part, and that the money-lender has omitted to comply with any of the requirements of sub-section (1) of section 13, the court may disallow his costs and may also disallow the whole or any part of the interest due to him, and where the omission relates to the requirement of giving a receipt to the debtor for any payment made by him towards the loan, or where the principal amount was untruly stated by the money lender, may also disallow any part of the principal. Cancellation 16- (1) In any suit referred to in sub-section (1) of section 15, the court may, if it or suspension is of opinion, that the money-lender has willfully committed a breach of any of the of certificate provisions of this Act, cancel his certificate of registration or suspend it for such by court deci- period as may be specified. ding suit, etc. (2) Any court of appeal or revision to which an appeal or revision has been preferred from the decision in any such suit may, for reasons to be recorded, stay the operation of any order under sub-section (1) on such terms, if any, as it thinks fit, and may modify or annul such order. General 17- (1) The Court making an order under section 16 or sub-section (1) of section provisions 22, shall send a copy of its order to the Registrar by whom such certificate was relating to issued, and the Registrar shall take necessary action accordingly . orders under sections 16 (2) Each of the provisions of sub-section (2) of section 15, section 16 and and 22 section 22 are in addition to and not in derogation of any other of the said provisions. Bar to [18- No suit on the basis of any loan, agreement or security referred to in sub- certain suits section (1) of section 15 shall be instituted by a money-lender, unless at the time by money- of advancing such loan or making such agreement or taking such security- lenders (a) Such money-lender held a valid certificate of registration; or (b) Such money-lender had applied for such certificate and the same had not been refused; or 245 [The Uttar Pradesh Regulation of Money-Lending Act, 1976] [Section 19-22] (c) The period specified in the proviso to sub- section (1) of section 7 had not expired.]1 Place of 19- Notwithstanding anything contained in any contract or any law for the time institution of being in force, a suit by a money-lender for the recovery of any loan advanced to a suits person actually or voluntarily residing or carrying on business or personally working for gain in Uttar Pradesh or interest due in respect thereof may, after the commencement of this Act, be instituted only in a court within the local limits of whose jurisdiction the debtor so resides or carries on business or works for gain, and not in any other court : Provided that in the case of co-debtors, the suit may be instituted in a court within the local limits of whose jurisdiction any of ht eco-debtors so resided or carries on business or works of gain. CHAPTER IV Deposit of Amount by Debtor Deposit in 20- (1) A debtor may, at any time, tender to a money-lender any sum of money court of payable by him to the money-lender in respect of a loan by way of principal, money due to interest, or both, whether the sum has become due or not. money-lenders (2) If the money-lender refuses to accept any sum so tendered, the debtor may deposit, the sum in the court of Munsif having territorial jurisdiction, to the account of the money-lender. (3) The court shall thereupon cause written notice of the deposit to be served on the money-lender, and he may, on presenting a petition stating the sum then due in respect of the loan, and his willingness to accept the said sum, receive and appropriate it first towards the interest and the residue, if any, towards the principal. Deposit to 21- Where the debtor had deposited in court any amount under section 20, the sum operate as shall be deemed to have been paid to the money-lender, and interest on the payment to principal or on part thereof as the case may be, shall cease from the date of such the creditor deposit. CHAPTER VII Offences and Penalties Penalties 22- (1) Whoever willfully contravenes any of the provisions of section 20 or section 11 shall be punishable with imprisonment for a tem which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to five thousand rupees or with both. (2) Any court convicting a person under sub-section (1) may also cancel his certificate of registration or suspend it for such period as may be specified, and any court of appeal or revision may stay the operation of any such order on such terms, if any, as it thinks fit, and may modify or annul such order. (3) No court shall take cognizance of an offence punishable under sub-section (1) except with the previous sanction of the Registrar. 1- Substituted by section 5 of U.P. Act no. 1 of 1979. 246 [The Uttar Pradesh Regulation of Money-Lending Act, 1976] [Section 23-25] Penalty for 23- (1) Whoever molests, or abets the molestation of, a debtor for the recovery of molestation of a debt due by him to a creditor shall, on conviction, be punishable with debtors imprisonment of either description which may extend to three months or with fine which may extend to five hundred rupees or with both. Explanation – For the purposes of this sub-section a person who – (i) with intent to cause the debtor to abstain from doing any act which he has right to do or to do any act which he has a right to abstain from doing, obstructs or uses violence to or intimidates such debtor, or (ii) being a money-lender or an agent or employee of money-lender, loiters on any pay day at or within fifty meters from the outer boundary or gate of the factory or office in which the debtor is employed, shall be deemed to molest such debtor. (2) Every offence punishable under sub-section (1) shall be cognizable. Offences by 24- (1) If the person committing an offence under this Act is a company, the companies company as well as every person in charge of and responsible to the company for the conduct of its business at the time of the commission of the offence shall be deemed to be guilty of the offence and shall be liable to be proceeded against and punished accordingly : Provided that nothing contained in this sub-section shall render any such person liable to any punishment if he proves that the offence was committed without his knowledge or that he exercised all due diligence to prevent the commission of such offence. (2) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1), where any offence under this section has been committed by a company and it is proved that the offence has been committed with the consent of connivance of, or that the commission of the offence is attributable to any neglect on the part of any managing agent, secretary, treasurer, director, manager or other officer of the company, such managing agent, secretary, treasurer, director, manager or other officer shall also be deemed to be guilty of that offence and shall be liable to be proceeded against and punished accordingly. Explanation – For the purposes of this section – (a) “company” means any body corporate, and includes a firm or other association of individuals; and (b) “Director” in relation to a firm, means a partner in the firm. Compounding 25- (1) The Registrar General, and subject to his control, any Registrar may, either of offences before or after the institution of proceeding for an offence punishable under this Act, accept from any person charged with such offence, by way of composition of the offence a sum not exceeding one thousand rupees. (2) On payment of such sum, no further proceeding shall be taken against the accuses person in respect of the same offence, and if in custody, he shall be discharged, and such composition shall have the effect of an acquittal of the accused with whom the offence has been compounded. 247 [The Uttar Pradesh Regulation of Money-Lending Act, 1976] [Section 26-31] CHAPTER VIII Miscellaneous Particulars of 26- (1) Every money-lender carrying on the business of money-lending from debts and before the commencement of this Act shall submit to the Registrar, a statement in deposits to be the prescribed form within a period of three months from the date of such furnished by commencement : every money lender [Provided that the Registrar may on an application by such money-lender for sufficient cause condone the delay and accept the statement submitted within three months from the date of the commencement of the Uttar Pradesh Regulation of Money-Lending (Amending) Act, 1978.]1 (2) The statement referred to in sub-section (1) shall contain the particulars of debts due to each money-lender and of deposits made with him and such other particulars as may be prescribed. (3) Every such statement shall be counter-signed, dated and sealed by the Registrar and shall be kept and maintained in the manner prescribed. (4) Notwithstanding anything contained in any contract, decree or order or any other law for the time being in force, no money-lender shall be entitled to claim any amount from a debtor in respect of any loan advance before the commencement of this Act, unless the name of such debtor and the amount due from him has been specified in the statement referred to in sub-section (1). Finality of 27- (1) No order made by any officer or authority in exercise of any power orders conferred by or under this Act shall be called in question in any court. (2) No suit, prosecution or other legal proceeding shall lie against any person for anything which is in good faith done or intended to be done in pursuance of this Act or of any order made thereunder. Power to 28- The State Government may by notification make rules for carrying out the make rules purpose of this Act. Repeal [29- The Usurious Loans Act, 1918 as amended in its application to Uttar Pradesh, is hereby repealed with effect form August 10, 1976 in relation to loans and advances to which the provisions of this Act apply.]2 Amendment 30- In the Uttar Pradesh Regulation of Agricultural Credit Act, 1940 clauses (1), of U.P. Act (3) to (5) and (7) to (13) of section 2, sections 3 to 7 and 10 to 35 shall be omitted. 14 of 1940 Repeal of U.P. 31- The Uttar Pradesh Prohibition of Bonded Labour Act, 1975 is hereby Act 44 of 1975 repealed. 1. Added by section 6 of U.P. Act No.1 of 1979. 2. Subs. by section 7 ibid. 248 mÙkj izns”k lkgwdkjh fofu;eu vf/kfu;e] 1976 ¿mÙkj izns”k vf/kfu;e l[a ;k 29 lu~ 1976À THE UTTAR PRADESH REGULATION OF MONEY-LENDING ACT, 1976 [U.P. ACT NO. 29 OF 1976] 249 mÙkj inz s”k lkgwdkjh fofu;eu vf/kfu;e] 19761 ¿mÙkj izns”k vf/kfu;e la[;k 29 lu~ 1976À ¿mÙkj izns”k fo/kku lHkk us fnukad 29 viSzy] 1976 bZ0 rFkk mÙkj izns”k fo/kku ifj’kn~ us fnukad 6 ebZ] 1976 bZ0 dh cSBd es a Lohdr` fd;kAÀ ¿^^Hkkjr dk lafo/kku** ds vuqPNsn 201 ds v/khu jk’Vªifr us fnukad 17 tqykbZ] 1976 bZ0 dks vuqefr iznku dh rFkk mÙkj izns”kh; ljdkjh vlk/kj.k xtV esa fnukad 20 tqykbZ] 1976 dksa izdkf”kr gqvkAÀ Tkulk/kkj.k ds fgr es]a lkgwdkjh dk fofu;eu djus vkSj lkgwdkjks a ds jftLVªhdj.k ds fy;s vkSj mlls lEcfU/kr ;k mlds vkuq’kafxd fo’k;ks a dh O;oLFkk djus d s fy, vf/kfu;e Hkkjr x.kjkT; ds lÙkkblos a o’kZ es a fuEufyf[kr vf/kfu;e cuk;k tkrk gS %& v/;k; 1 izkjfEHkd 1&& ¼1½ ;g vf/kfu;e mÙkj izns”k lkgwdkjh fofu;eu vf/kfu;e] 1976 dgk laf{kIr uke] foLrkj tk;xs kA vkSj izkjEHk ¼2½ bldk foLrkj lEiw.kZ mÙkj izns”k es a gksxkA ¼3½ ;g ,sls fnukad ls izo`Ùk gksxk] ftls jkT; ljdkj] vf/klpw uk }kjk bl fufeÙk fu;r djsA 2&& ¼1½ bl vf/kfu;e dh dksbZ ckr & viokn ¿¼d½ fdlh m/kkj ;k vfxze ij tks fdlh cSad ;k lgdkjh lfefr }kjk fn;k tk; ;k fdlh fu{ksi ij tks mlds ;gka j[kk tk;(À2 ¼[k½ fdlh m/kkj ;k vfxze ij] tks ljdkj ;k fdlh LFkkuh; izkf/kdkjh] Hkkjrh; thou chek fuxe ;k fdlh vU; ifjfu;r fuxe] ;k lkoZtfud dEiuh ¼tSlk fd og dEiuh vf/kfu;e] 1956 es a ifjHkkf’kr gS½ ;k ljdkjh Mkd?kj cpr cSad dks ;k mlds }kjk fn;k tk; ;k fdlh fu{ksi ij tks mlds ;gka j[kk tk;( ¼x½ dksbZ izfrHkwfr] ftlesa dksbZ U;klh U;kl/ku dk fofu;kstu rRle; izo`Ùk fdlh fof/k ds v/khu dj ldrk gS] mlds Ø; ;k foØ; ;k vU; vUrj.k ij ¼ftlds vUrxZr LFkkoj lEifÙk dk cU/kd ugha gS½( ¼?k½ dksbZ Hkfo’; fuf/k ftl ij izkfoMsUV Q.M ,sDV] 1925 ykxw gksrk gS ;k dksbZ ekU;rk izkIr Hkfo’; fuf/k tSlk fd og vk; dj vf/kfu;e] 1961 dh /kkjk 2 ds [k.M ¼38½ esa ifjHkkf’kr gS ;k dksbZ yksd Hkfo’; fuf/k] tks yksd Hkfo’; fuf/k vf/kfu;e] 1968 ds v/khu LFkkfir dh x;h gS] mlds vfHknkrk ;k tekdrkZ dks] fuf/k esa mlds uke tek jkf”k ls ,sls fuf/k ds fu;eks a ds vuqlkj fn;s x;s fdlh m/kkj ij( ¼³½ mÙkj izns”k yksd /ku ¼ns;ks a dh olwyh½ vf/kfu;e] 1972 dh /kkjk 3 es a fufnZ’V fdlh djkj ij( ¼p½ fdlh m/kkj vfxze ;k fu{ksi ij] tks fdlh gqaMh ;k vU; fofu;eu i= ij ¼tSlk fd og ijØkE; fy[kr vf/kfu;e] 1881] es a ifjHkkf’kr gS½ ;k eky ij gd dh nLrkost ij ¼tSlk fd og eky foØ; vf/kfu;e] 1930 es a ifjHkkf’kr gS½ fn;k tk;( 1- mn~ns”; vkSj dkj.kks a ds fooj.k ds fy;s d`i;k fnukad 29 viSzy] 1976 bZ0 dk ljdkjh vlk/kkj.k xtV nsf[k,A 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 1 o’kZ 1979 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 250 ¿mÙkj izns”k lkgwdkjh fou;eu vf/kfu;e] 1976À ¿/kkjk 3À ¼N½ fdlh m/kkj ;k vfxze ij tks lkslkbVh jftLVªhdj.k vf/kfu;e] 1860 ds ;k fdlh lkoZtfud /kekZFk Z ;k iq.;kFkZ mn~ns”; ls lEcfU/kr fdlh vU; vf/kfu;fer ds v/khu jftLVªhdr` fdlh lkslkbVh ;k ,lksfl;s”ku dks ;k mlds }kjk fn;k tk; ;k fdlh fu{ksi ij tks mudks fn;k tk;( ¼t½ fdlh m/kkj ij] tks fdlh ljdkjh lsod dks ,sls lsodksa ds dY;k.k ;k lgk;rk ds fy;s LFkkfir fdlh fuf/k ls fn;k tk; vkSj tks ljdkj }kjk Lohd`r gks] ;k mlds lEcU/k es a ykxw ugha gksxhA ¼2½ /kkjk 12 dh dksbZ ckr fdlh jftLVªhdr` lkgwdkj ;k fdlh lafonkdkj ;k dksbZ o`fÙk O;kikj ;k m|ksx djus okys fdlh vU; O;fDr dks m/kkj nh x;h ikap gtkj :i;s ls vf/kd jkf”k ds lEcU/k es a ykxw u gksxhA 3&& bl vf/kfu;e es a & ifjHkk’kk,a ¼1½ cSad dk rkRi;Z fuEufyf[kr ls gS %& ¼d½ cSafdx jsX;wys”ku ,sDV] 1949 es a ifjHkkf’kr dksbZ cSaddkjh dEiuh ( ¼[k½ LVsV cSad vkQ bafM;k ,sDV] 1955 ds v/khu xfBr LVsV cSad vkQ bafM;k ( ¼x½ LVsV cSad vkQ bafM;k ¼lClhfM;jh cSad½ ,sDV] 1959 es a ijhHkkf’kr dksbZ leuq’kaxh cSad( ¼?k½ cSaddkjh dEiuh ¼miØeks a dk vtZu vkSj vUrj.k½ vf/kfu;e] 1970 ds v/khu xfBr ^^rRleku u;k cSad**] ¼³½ jhtuy :jy cSad ,sDV] 1976 dh /kkjk 3 dh mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu LFkkfir jhtujy :jy cSad ( ¼p½ cSafdax jsX;wys”ku ,sDV] 1949 dh /kkjk 51 ds v/khu dsUnzh; ljdkj }kjk vf/klfwpr dksbZ cSaddkjh laLFkk] ;k ¼N½ jkT; ljdkj }kjk bl vf/kfu;e ds iz;kstukFkZ cSad ds :i es a vf/klfwpr dksbZ vU; cSaddkjh ;k foRrh; lLa FkkA ¼2½ ^^lkgwdkjh dkjckj** dk rkRi;Z m/kkj nsus ds dkjckj ls gS pkgs og fdlh vU; dkjckj ds lEcU/k es a gks ;k mlds vfrfjDr gks ;k u gks( ¼3½ ^^lgdkjh lfefr** dk rkRi;Z mÙkj izns”k lgdkjh lfefr vf/kfu;e] 1965 es a ifjHkkf’kr lgdkjh lfefr ls gS( ¼4½ ^^C;kt** ds vUrxZr m/kkj ds lEcU/k es a dksbZ ,slh /kujkf”k gS pkgs mldk uke dqN Hkh gks] tks m/kkj ds izfrQykFkZ ;k vU;Fkk mlds lEcU/k esa lkgwdkj dks ewy/ku ds vfrfjDr nh xbZ ;k ns; gks] fdUrq mlds vUrxZr lkgwdkj }kjk [kpZ] izHkkj ;k O;; ds fy;s ;k mlds dkj.k bl vf/kfu;e ds micU/kks a ds vuqlkj fof/kiwoZd yh tkus okyh dksbZ /kujkf”k ugha gS ( ¼5½ ^^m/kkj** dk rkRi;Z udnh ;k ftUlh C;kt ij nh tkus okyh jkf”k ls gS vkSj mlds vUrxZr dksbZ ,slk leO;ogkj gS tks rRor% m/kkj gks fdUrq mlds vUrxZr fdlh eky dk ,sls eky ds O;kikjh }kjk lk[k ij ;k voØ; ij foØ; ugha gS( ¼6½ ^^lkgwdkj** dk rkRi;Z ,sls O;fDRk ls gS] tks lkgwdkjh dk dkjckj djrk gks( ¼7½ ^^ewy/ku** dk rkRi;Z fdlh m/kkj ds lEcU/k es]a _.kh dks oLrqr% nh x;h /kujkf”k ls gS( ¼8½ ^^jftLVªhdj.k** dk rkRi;Z bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu jftLVªhdj.k ls gS] vkSj ^^jftLVªhdr` dk vFkZ rnuqlkj yxk;k tk;xkA 251 ¿mÙkj izns”k lkgwdkjh fou;eu vf/kfu;e] 1976À ¿/kkjk 4&7À v/;k; &2 vf/kdkfj;ks a dh fu;qfDRk 4&& ¼1½ jkT; ljdkj vf/klpw uk izdkf”kr djds] ,d iz/kku jftLVªkj] lkgwdkjh jftLVªhdj.k izkf/kdkjh ¼ftls vkxs iz/kku jftLVªkj dgk x;k gS½ ftldh vf/kdkfjrk lEiw.kZ mÙkj izns”k es a gksxh] vkSj mrus lkgwdkjh jftLVªkj ¼ftUgas vkxs jftLVªkj dgk x;k gS½ ;k] lkgwdkjh mi jftLVªkj ¼ftUg s vkxs mi jftLVªkj dgk x;k gS½ vkSj lkgwdkjh lgk;d jftLVªkj ¼ftUgsa vkxs lgk;d jftLVªkj dgk x;k gS½ ftrus og mfpr le>s] fu;qDr dj ldrh gS vkSj mues a ls izR;sd dh vf/kdkfjrk ,sls {ks= es a gksxh] tks fufnZ’V dh tk;A ¼2½ iz/kku jftLVªkj dk v/kh{k.k] funs”ku vkSj fu;a=.k jftLVªkj] mi jftLVªkj vkSj lgk;d jftLVªkj ij bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu muds dR` ;ks a ds lEiknu ds laca/k es a gksxkA 5&& iz/kku jftLVªkj] jftLVªkj] mi jftLVªkj vkSj lgk;d jftLVªkj] dks fdlh Hkh Yks[kk vkSj vU; vfHkys[kksa O;fDr }kjk fd;s tk jgs lkgwdkjh ds dkjckj ds y[s kks a vkSj vU; vfHkys[kks a ds lEcU/k es a dk fujh{k.k djus dh “kfDr fujh{k.k djus dh “kfDr vkSj ,slh vU; “kfDr gksxh] tks fofgr dh tk;A 6&& izR;sd jftLVªkj viuh vf/kdkfjrk ds vUrxZr {ks= ds fy;s lkgwdkjksa dk ,d Lkkgwdkjks a dk jftLVj jftLVj ,sls izi= es a j[ksxk vkSj mues a ,sls C;ksjs fn;sa tk;asx]s tks fofgr fd;s tk;aA v/;k; & 3 lkgwdkjks a dk jftLVªhdj.k 7&& ¼1½ ;fn bl vf/kfu;e ds izkjEHk ds fnukad ij lkgwdkjh dk dkjckj djus jftLVªhj.k dk izek.k&i= okyk dksbZ O;fDr og dkjckj mÙkj izns”k ds fdlh Hkkx es a ,sls izkjEHk ds i”pkr~ djuk pkgrk gS ¿;k dksbZ O;fDr mDr fnukad ds i”pkr~ ,slk dkjckj mRrj izns”k ds fdlh Hkkx es a izkjEHk djuk pkgrk gSÀ1 rks og] ftl jftLVj dh vf/kdkfjrk dh LFkkuh; lhekvks a ds Hkhrj mlds dkjksckj dk eq[; LFkku fLFkfr gks] mldks vkSj tgka mlds dkjckj dk eq[; LFkku mÙkj izns”k ds ckgj fLFkr gS og fdlh jftLVªkj dks] ftldh vf/kdkfjrk dh LFkkuh; lhekvks a ds Hkhrj mlds }kjk dkjckj fd;k tk; ;k djuk izLrkfor gks] bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu lkgwdkjks a ds :i es a jftLVªhdj.k ds fy;s vkosnu&i= ns ldrk gS % ijUrq bl vf/kfu;e ds izkjEHk gksus ds igy s ls mDr dkjckj djus okyk dksbZ O;fDr ¿mRrj izns”k lkgwdkjh fofu;eu la”kks/ku½ vf/kfu;e] 1979 ds izkjEHk ds fnukad lsÀ2 rhu ekl ds Hkhrj bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu jftLVªhdj.k ds fy, vkosnu&i= ns ldrk gSA ¼2½ vkosnu&i= ,sls izi= es a gksxk vkSj mlesa ,sls C;ksjs fn;s a tk;asxs vkSj mlds lkFk ,slh Qhl tek dh tk;xh] ftldk Hkqxrku ,slh jhfr ls fd;k tk;xk] tks fofgr fd;s tk,aA ¼3½ jftLVªkj viuk ;g lek/kku djus ds i”pkr~ fd vkosnu&i= mi/kkjk ¼2½ dh vis{kkvks a ds vuq:i gS vkSj vkosnd ,slk O;fDr ugha gS] ftlds fo:) /kkjk 16 ;k 22 dh mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds v/khu dksbZ vkns”k rRle; izo`Ùk gS] mldk uke vkSj vU; C;ksjs /kkjk 6 es a fufnZ’V lkgwdkj jftLVj es a ntZ djsxk vkSj mls fofgr izi= es a jftLVªhdj.k dk izke.k&i= nsxkA 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 1 o’kZ 1979 dh /kkjk 3 ¼d½ }kjk c<k;k x;kA 2- mi;qZDRk dh /kkjk 3 ¼[k½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 252 ¿mÙkj izns”k lkgwdkjh fou;eu vf/kfu;e] 1976À ¿/kkjk 8&11À ¼4½ ,slk izek.k&i= lEiw.kZ mÙkj izns”k es a ekU; gksxk vkSj tc rd fd og bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu igys gh fujLr ;k fuyfEcr u dj fn;k tk;] vius izkjEHk gksus ds fnukad ls ,d o’kZ dh vof/k ds fy;s izo`Ùk jgsxk] vkSj lkgwdkj ,slh Qhl nsus ij] tks fofgr dh tk;] vius izek.k&i= ds uohdj.k ds fy;s gdnkj gksxk tc rd fd jftLVªkj i;kZIr dkj.k ls izek.k&i= dk uohdj.k djus ls bUdkj u djs ijUrq fdlh izek.k&i= dk uohdj.k djus ls bUdkj djus dk dksbZ vkns”k rc rd ugha fn;k tk;xk tc rd fd lkgwdkj dks dkj.k crkus dk volj u ns fn;k x;k gksA 8&& ¼1½ jftLVªkj fdlh Hkh le;] i;kZIr dkj.ko”k] /kkjk 7 ds v/khu fn;s x;s jftLVªhdj.k ds izek.k& jftLVªhdj.k ds izek.k&i= dks fujLr ;k fuyfEcr dj ldrk gS % i= dk fujlu vkSj fuyEcu ijUrq fdlh izek.k&i= dks fujLr djus dk dksbZ vkns”k rc rd ugha fn;k tk;xk tc rd fd lkgwdkj dks dkj.k crkus dk volj u ns fn;k x;k gksA ¼2½ tgka mi/kkjk ¼1½ d s v/khu jftLVªhdj.k dk dksbZ izek.k&i= fuyfEcr ;k fujLr fd;k tk; ogka dksbZ O;fDr fdlh izfrdj ;k fdlh jftLVªhdj.k Qhl dks okil ikus dk gdnkj u gksxkA 9&& /kkjk 7 ds v/khu izek.k&i= u nsus ;k /kkjk 8 ds v/khu mls fujLr ;k vihy fuyfEcr djus ds jftLVªkj ds vkns”k ls O;fFkr dksbZ O;fDr ,sls vkns”k ds fnukad ls rhl fnu ds Hkhrj iz/kku jftLVªkj dks ml vkns”k ds fo:) vihy dj ldrk gS] tks ml ij ,slk vkns”k nsxk] ftls og mfpr le>sA v/;k; & 4 lkgwdkj ds dÙkZO; vkSj nkf;Ro 10&& ¼1½ dksbZ O;fDr lkgwdkjh dk dkjckj ugha djsxk tc rd fd mlds ikl Lkkgwdkjh ds dkjckj ij jftLVªhdj.k dk ekU; izek.k&i= u gks % fucZU/ku ijUrq /kkjk 7 dh mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds ijUrqd es a fufnZ’V O;fDr bl vf/kfu;e ds vU; micU/kks a ds v/khu jgrs gq, mDr ijUrqd es a mfYyf[kr vof/k i;ZUr vkSj rRi”pkr~ tc rd fd jftLVªhdj.k ds fy;s mldk vkosnu&i= vLohdr` u dj fn;k tk;] dkjckj djrk jgsxkA ¼2½ izR;sd jftLVªhdr` lkgwdkj vius jftLVªhdr` izek.k&i= dk izn”kZu ,slh jhfr ls djsxk] tks fofgr dh tk;A 11&& ¼1½ izR;sd jftLVªhdr` lkgwdkj] tks vekur ds :i es a turk ls /ku dk udn ifjlEifÙk dk mn~xzg.k djrk gS] nzO; lEifÙk ¼fyfDoM vlsV~l½ ds :i es a ,slh jkf”k dks lqjf{kr j[kxs k] vuqj{k.k tks dkjckj dh lekfIr ij fdlh fnu ,sls vekurks a ds lEcU/k es a mlds ifj’kks/kuh; nkf;Ro ds iPphl izfr”kr ls de u gksA ¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ es a fufnZ’V dksbZ lkgwdkj fdlh le; ,sls vizfrHkwr m/kkj es a tks fdlh Hkh fnu dkjckj cUn djus ij mlds ikl tek /kujkf”k ds ipkl izfr”kr ;k mlds }kjk vujf{kr udn ifjlEifÙk;ks a ds nqxqus ls vf/kd /kujkf”k tks Hkh vf/kd gks] fofu;ksftr ugha djsxkA Li’Vhdj.k& bl /kkjk ds iz;kstuks a ds fy;s] lkgwdkj ds lEcU/k es a in ^^nzO; lEifÙk** dk rkRi;Z fuEufyf[kr ls gS %& ¼d½ lkgwdkj ds ikl jksdM+ ckdh ( ;k ¼[k½ fdlh vuqlwfpr cSad es a pkyw [kkrk ;k fdlh vU; fu{ksi y[s ks es a mlds }kjk /k`r dksbZ /kujkf”k] ;k 253 ¿mÙkj izns”k lkgwdkjh fou;eu vf/kfu;e] 1976À ¿/kkjk 12&14À ¼x½ LFkkoj lEifÙk ds cU/kd dks NksM+dj ,sls HkkjeqDr izfrHkwfr;ks a es a mlds }kjk fofu;kstu] ftles a dksbZ U;klh rRle; izo`Ùk fdlh fof/k ds v/khu U;kl /ku dk fofu;kstu dj ldrk gSA 12&& ¼1½ dksbZ lkgwdkj] rRle; izo`Ùk fdlh fcØh] vkns”k] :f<+] lafonk ;k fyf[kr C;kt dh vf/kdre nj ;k rRle; izo`Ùk fdlh vU; fof/k es a fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh] fdlh m/kkj ds lEcU/k es]a pkgs og bl vf/kfu;e ds izkjEHk gksus ds iwoZ ;k i”pkr~ fn;k x;k gks] ,slh nj ls vf/kd nj ij C;kt ysus dk gdnkj u gksxk] ftls mi/kkjk ¼2½ d s v/khu vf/klfwpr fd;k tk;A ¼2½ jkT; ljdkj] okf.kfT;d m/kkj ds fy;s vuqlwfpr cSadks a }kjk lkekU;r;k yh tkus okyh C;kt dh nj ij fopkj djus ds i”pkr~ C;kt dh vf/kdre nj vf/klfwpr dj ldrh gS] tks lkgwdj y s ldrk gS % ijUrq izfrHkwr vkSj vizfrHkwr m/kkj ds fy;s fHkUu&fHkUu nj vf/klfwpr dh tk ldrh gSA ¼3½ mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds v/khu vf/klfwpr C;kt dh nj esa fdlh ifjorZu ls ,sls ifjorZu ds iwoZ fn;s x;s fdlh m/kkj ds lEcU/k es a C;kt ds fdlh nkos dh fof/kekU;rk ij dksbZ izHkko ugha iM+xs kA 13&& ¼1½ izR;sd lkgwdj % Lkkgwdkj ds dÙkZO; ¼d½ vius lkgwdkjh ds dkjckj ds nkSjku fn;s x;s fdlh m/kkj ds lk{; Lo:i izR;sd nLrkost es a %& ¼,d½ okLrfod ewy/ku] vkSj ¼nks½ viuh jftLVªhdj.k la[;k] mfYyf[kr djsxk ;k djk;xs k ( ¼[k½ ,slk ys[kk] izi= vkSj jftLVj j[kxs k] tks fofgr fd;s tk;as vkSj jftLVªkj dks ,slh fu;rdkfyd fooj.kh izLrqr djsxk] tks fofgr dh tk;s] ¼x½ _.kh ;k mlds ,tsUV }kjk fd;s x;s izR;sd Hkqxrku ds fy;s mls de ls de ,d lk{kh }kjk vfHkizekf.kr jlhn nsxk] vkSj ¼?k½ fofgr izHkkj dk Hkqxrku djus ij _.kh dh ,slk nLrkost ;k okf’kZd y[s kk&fooj.k nsxk] tks fofgr fd;s tk;sA ¼2½ dksbZ _.kh] ftls mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds [k.M ¼?k½ ds v/khu dksbZ nLrkost ;k y[s kk&fooj.k fn;k x;k gks] mldh lR;rk dks vfHkLohdkj ;k vLohdkj djus ds fy;s ck/; u gksxk vkSj mlds }kjk ,slk u djuk Lor% mldh lR;rk dks Lohdkj dj yus k ugha le>k tk;xkA 14&& ¼1½ bl vf/kfu;e ds izkjEHk gksus ds i”pkr~ fdlh lkgwdkj }kjk fn;k tkus dfri; m/kkj dsoy pSd okyk izR;sd m/kkj] ;fn ,sls m/kkj dh /kujkf”k ,d gtkj :i;s ;k blls vf/kd gks] pSd }kjk fn;k tk;xk }kjk fn;k tk;xk % ¿ijUrqd bl mi/kkjk dh dksbZ ckr fdlh ,sls laO;ogkj ij ykxw u gksxh tgka iw.kZ ;k vkaf”kd :i ls vlanRr cU/k&i= ;k cpu&i= ds cny s es a u;k cU/k&i= ;k cpu&i= fu’ikfnr fd;k tk;AÀ1 ¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds mYya?ku es a fn;s x;s fdlh m/kkj ds lEcU/k es a lkgwdkjh dk izR;sd laO;ogkj “kwU; gksxkA 1- m0 iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 1 o’kZ 1979 dh /kkjk 4 }kjk c<k;k x;kA 254 ¿mÙkj izns”k lkgwdkjh fou;eu vf/kfu;e] 1976À ¿/kkjk 15&18À v/;k; & 5 okn izfØ;k 15&& ¼1½ bl /kkjk d s micU/k& Lkkgwdkj ds nkoks a dk izksT; fo”ks’k micU/k ¼d½ fdlh lkgwdkj }kjk bl vf/kfu;e ds izkjEHk gksus ds i”pkr~ fn;s x;s m/kkj dh olwyh ds fy;s] ¼[k½ fdlh lkgwdkj }kjk fdlh m/kkj ds lEcU/k esa] pkgs og bl vf/kfu;e ds izkjEHk gksus ds iwoZ fn;k x;k gks ;k mlds i”pkr~] bl vf/kfu;e ds izkjEHk gksus ds Ik”pkr~ yh x;h fdlh izfrHkwfr ;k fd;s x;s fdlh djkj dks] pkgs og y[s kk ifj”kks/ku ds :i es a ;k vU; izdkj ls gks] izo`Ùk djus d s fy,] ¼x½ fdlh lkgwdkj ds fo:) fdlh m/kkj ds lEcU/k es]a pkgs og bl vf/kfu;e ds izkjEHk gksus ds iwoZ ;k mlds i”pkr~ fn;k x;k gks] bl vf/kfu;e ds izkjEHk gksus d s i”pkr~ mls nh x;h fdlh izfrHkwfr ds ekspu ds fy;s] izR;sd okn ij] pkgs mldh lquokbZ ,d i{kh; dh tk; ;k vU; izdkj ls] ykxw gkasA ¼2½ fdlh ,sls okn es]a ;fn U;k;ky; dks ;g izrhr gks fd lkgwdkj dk nkok] iw.kZr% ;k va”kr% vlR; gS] vkSj ;g fd lkgwdkj us /kkjk 13 dh mi/kkjk ¼1½ dh fdlh Hkh vis{kk dk ikyu djus es a pwd dh gS rks U;k;ky; mls okn&O;; dk fn;k tkuk vLohdkj dj nsxk vkSj mls ns; lEiw.kZ C;kt ;k mlds fdlh Hkkx dks Hkh vLohdr` dj ldrk gS] vkSj tgka bl vis{kk ds fo’k; es a pwd dh xbZ gS fd m/kkj fo’k;d fdlh Hkqxrku ds fy;s _.kh dks jlhn nh tk;xh ;k tgka lkgwdkj }kjk ewy/ku dks lgh ugha crk;k x;k gS] ogka U;k;ky; ewy/ku ds fdlh Hkkx dks Hkh vLohdkj dj ldrk gSA 16&& ¼1½ /kkjk 15 dh mi/kkjk ¼1½ es a fufnZ’V fdlh ckr es]a ;fn U;k;ky; dh ;g Okkn vkfn fu.khZr djus jk; gks fd lkgwdkj us bl vf/kfu;e ds fdlh Hkh micU/k dk tkucw>dj mYya?ku fd;k gS] oky s U;k;ky; }kjk izek.k&i= dk fujlu ;k rks og mldk jftLVªhdj.k izek.k&i= fujLr dj ldrk gS ;k ,slh vof/k ds fy;s] tks fuyEcu fofufnZ’V dh tk; fuyfEcr dj ldrk gSA ¼2½ dksbZ vihy ;k iqujh{k.k U;k;ky;] ftlds ;gka fdlh ,sls okn ds fofu”p; ds fo:) dksbZ ;k iqujh{k.k izLrqr fd;k x;k gks] dkj.k vfHkfyf[kr djds mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu fdlh vkns”k ds izorZu dks ,slh “krksaZ ij] ;fn dksbZ gks] ftUgas og mfpr le>s a LFkfxr dj ldrk gS] vkSj ,sls vkns”k dk ifj’dkj ;k vfHk“kwU;u dj ldrk gSA 17&& ¼1½ /kkjk 16 ;k /kkjk 22 dh mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds v/khu dksbZ vkns”k nsus okyk /kkjk 16 vkSj 22 ds v/khu U;k;ky; vius vkns”k dh ,d izfrfyfi ml jftLVªkj dks Hkstsxk] ftlus mDr izek.k&i= vkns”kks a ds laca/k lkekU; micU/k esa tkjh fd;k gks vkSj jftLVªkj rnuqlkj vko”;d dk;oZ kgh djsxkA ¼2½ /kkjk 15 dh mi/kkjk ¼2½] /kkjk 16 vkSj /kkjk 22 ds micU/kks a esa l s izR;sd micU/k] mDr micU/kks a es a ls fdlh Hkh vU; micU/k ds vfrfjDr gS vkSj muesa ls fdlh vU; micU/k dk vYihdkjd u gksxkA ¿18&& fdlh lkgwdkj }kjk /kkjk 15 dh mi/kkjk ¼1½ es a fufnZ’V fdlh lkgwdkjks a ds Lkkgwdkjks a ds dfri; oknks a dfri; m/kkj] djkj ;k izfrHkwfr ds v/kkj ij dksbZ okn lafLFkr ugha fd;k tk ldsxk] tc ij jksd rd u fd ,slk m/kkj nsrs le; ;k ,slk djkj djrs le; ;k ,slh izfrHkwfr yrs s le; && ¼d½ ,slk lkgwdkj jftLVªhdj.k ;k fof/kekU; izek.k&i= /kkj.k djrk jgk gks( ;k ¼[k½ ,slk lkgwdkj ,sls izek.k&i= ds fy, vkosnu dj pqdk gks] tks vLohdr` u dj fn;k x;k gks( 255 ¿mÙkj izns”k lkgwdkjh fou;eu vf/kfu;e] 1976À ¿/kkjk 19&22À ¼x½ /kkjk 7 dh mi/kkjk ¼1½ d s ijUrqd es a fofufnZ’V vof/k vlekIr jgh gksAÀ1 19&& rRle; izo`Ùk fdlh lafonk ;k fdlh fof/k esa fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh] fdlh Okkn lafLFkr fd;s tkus lkgwdkj }kjk mÙkj izns”k es a okLro es a ;k LosPNk ls fuokl djus okys ;k dksbZ dkjckj djus dk LFkku okys ;k ykHk ds fy;s Lo;a dk;Z djus okys O;fDRk dks fn;s x;s fdlh m/kkj ;k mlds lEcU/k es a ns; C;kt dh olwyh ds fy;s bl vf/kfu;e ds izkjEHk gksus ds i”pkr~ okn dsoy ,sls U;k;ky; es a ftldh vf/kdkfjrk dh LFkkuh; lhekvks a ds Hkhrj _.kh fuokl djrk gS ;k dkjckj djrk gS ;k ykHk ds fy, dk;Z djrk gS] u fd fdlh vU; U;k;ky; es a lafLFkr fd;k tk ldrk gS % ijUrq lg&_.kh dh fLFkfr es a okn ,sls U;k;ky; ls lafLFkr fd;k tk;xk] ftldh vf/kdkfjrk dh LFkkuh; lhekvks a ds Hkhrj dksbZ lg&_.kh fuokl djrk gS ;k dkjckj djrk gS ;k ykHk ds fy;s dk;Z djrk gSA v/;k; & 6 _.kh }kjk /kujkf”k dk tek fd;k tkuk 20&& ¼1½ dksbZ _.kh vius }kjk lkgwdkj dks fdlh m/kkj ds lEcU/k es a ewy /ku] Lkkgwdkj dks ns; /kujkf”k C;kt ;k nksuks a ds :i esa ns; /kujkf”k dk fufonk lkgwdkj dks dj ldrk gS] Hkys gh og dk U;k;ky; es a tek fd;k tkuk /kujkf”k ns; gks pqdh gks ;k ughaA ¼2½ ;fn lkgwdkj] bl izdkj fufonÙk dksbZ /kujkf”k Lohdkj u djs rks _.kh ml /kujkf”k dks eqfUlQ ds U;k;ky; esa] ftldh {ks=h; vf/kdkfjrk gks] ml lkgwdkj ds uke tek dj ldrk gSA ¼3½ rnqijkar U;k;ky; tek dh x;h /kujkf”k dk fyf[kr uksfVl lkgwdkj ij rkehy djk;xs k] vkSj og ,slh ;kfpdk nsus ij] ftles a m/kkj ds lEcU/k es a rRle; ns; /kujkf”k vkSj mDr /kujkf”k dks yus s dh Lohd`fr mfYyf[kr gksxh] ml /kujkf”k dks izkIr dj ldrk gS vkSj mldk fofu;kstu izFker% C;kt ds izfr vkSj vo”ks’k /kujkf”k dk] ;fn dksbZ gks] ewy/ku ds izfr dj ldrk gSA 21&& tgka _.kh us /kkjk 20 ds v/khu dksbZ /kujkf”k U;k;ky; esa tek dh gks ogka tek dh xbZ /kujkf”k ,slh /kujkf”k lkgwdkj dks Hkqxrku dh x;h le>h tk;xh] vkSj ;FkkfLFkfr] ewy/ku ;k mlds lkgwdkj dks Hkqxrku dh xbZ le>h tk;xh Hkkx ij C;kt dk yxkuk bl izdkj tek fd;s tkus d s fnukad ls lekIr gks tk;xkA v/;k; & 7 vijk/k vkSj “kkfLr 22&& ¼1½ /kkjk 10 ;k /kkjk 11 ds fdlh micU/k dk tkucw> dj mYya?ku djus “kkfLr okyk dksbZ O;fDRk ,slh vof/k ds fy;s dkjkokl ls] tks N% ekl rd gks ldrk gS] ;k tqekZuk ls] tks ikap gtkj :i;s rd gks ldrk gS ;k nksuks a ls n.Muh; gksxkA ¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu fdlh O;fDr dks nks’k fl) djus okyk U;k;ky; mlds jftLVªhdj.k dk izek.k&i= Hkh fujLr dj ldrk gS ;k mls ,slh vof/k ds fy;s fuyfEcr dj ldrk gS] tks fofufnZ’V dh tk;] vkSj dksbZ vihy ;k iqujh{k.k U;k;ky; ,sls fdlh vkns”k ds izorZu dks ,slh “krksaZ ij] ;fn dksbZ gks] ftUgas og mfpr le>s] LFkfxr dj ldrk gS vkSj ,sls vkns”k dks ifj’d`r ;k fu’izHkkoh dj ldrk gSA ¼3½ dksbZ U;k;ky;] jftLVªkj dh iwoZ Lohd`fr ds flok;] mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu n.Muh; fdlh vijk/k dk laKku ugha djsxkA 1& m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 1 o’kZ 1979 dh /kkjk 5 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 256 ¿mÙkj izns”k lkgwdkjh fou;eu vf/kfu;e] 1976À ¿/kkjk 23&25À 23&& ¼1½ tks dksbZ _.kh }kjk _.knkrk dks ns; _.k dh olwyh ds fy;s _.kh dks _.kh dks mRihfM+r djus mRihfM+r djrk gS ;k mRihfM+r djus ds fy;s nq’izsfjr djrk gS] og nks’k flf) ij] nksuks a es a ds fy, “kkfLr ls fdlh izdkj ds dkjkokl ls] tks rhu ekl rd gks ldrk gS ;k tqekZuk ls tks ikap lkS :i;s rd gks ldrk gS] ;k nksuks a ls n.Muh; gksxkA Li’Vhdj.k& bl mi/kkjk ds iz;kstukFkZ ;g le>k tk;xk fd og O;fDr tks & ¼,d½ bl vk”k; ls fd _.kh dks ml dk;Z ls] ftls djus dk mls vf/kdkj gS] fojr djk;k tk;] ;k og dk;Z] ftls fojr gksus dk mls vf/kdkj gS] mlls djk;k tk;] ml _.kh dk vojks/k djrk gS ;k mlds izfr fgalk ;k vfHk=kl dk iz;ksx djrk gS] ;k ¼nks½ lkgwdkj ;k lkgwdkj dk ,tsVa ;k deZpkjh gksus ds ukrs fdlh osru fnol ij ml dkj[kkuk ;k dk;kZy; dh ckgjh lhek ;k QkVd ij ftles a _.kh lsok;ksftr gks] ;k mlls ipkl ehVj ds vUnj pDdj yxkrk gS] og ml _.kh dk mRihM+u djrk gSA ¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ d s v/khu n.Muh; izR;sd vijk/k laKs; gksxkA 24&& ¼1½ ;fn bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu fdlh vijk/k dks djus okyk dksbZ O;fDr dEifu;ks a }kjk vijk/k dksbZ dEiuh gks rks og dEiuh vkSj vijk/k djus ds le; ml dEiuh ds dk; Z lapkyu dk izHkkjh vkSj mlds fy;s dEiuh ds izfr mÙkjnk;h izR;sd O;fDRk ml vijk/k ds fy;s vijk/kh ekuk tk;xk vkSj rnuqlkj dk;oZ kgh fd;s tkus vkSj naM fn;s tkus dk Hkkxh gksxk % ijUrq bl mi/kkjk dh dksbZ ckr ,sls fdlh O;fDr dks bl vf/kfu;e es a micaf/kr fdlh naM dk Hkkxh ugha cuk;xs h] ;fn og lkfcr dj ns fd vijk/k mldh tkudkjh ds fcuk fd;k x;k Fkk ;k mlus ml vijk/k ds fd;s tkus ds fuokj.k ds fy;s lHkh lE;d~ rRijrk cjrh FkhA ¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ esa fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh] tc fd blds v/khu dksbZ vijk/k fdlh dEiuh us fd;k gks vkSj ;g lkfcr gks tk; fd og vijk/k ml dEiuh ds fdlh izcU/k vfHkdrkZ] lfpo] dks’kk/;{k] funs”kd] izcU/kd ;k vU; vf/kdkjh dh lEefr ;k ekSukuqdwyrk ls fd;k x;k gS ;k mis{kk tfur gS rks og izcU/k vfHkdrkZ] lfpo] dks’kk/;{k] funs”kd] izcU/kd ;k vU; vf/kdkjh Hkh ml vijk/k ds fy;s vijk/kh ekuk tk;xk vkSj rnuqlkj dk;oZ kgh fd;s tkus vkSj n.M fn;s tkus dk Hkkxh gksxkA Li’Vhdj.k& bl /kkjk ds iz;kstuks a ds fy,& ¼d½ ^^dEiuh** dk rkRi;Z fdlh fuxfer fudk; ls gS vkSj blds vUrxZr dksbZ QeZ ;k O;fDRk;ks a dk leLr vU; leqnk; Hkh gS( vkSj ¼[k½ fdlh QeZ ds laca/k es]a ^^funs”kd** dk rkRi;Z ml QeZ ds Hkkxhnkj ls gSA 25&& ¼1½ iz/kku jftLVªkj] vkSj mlds fu;a=.k ds v/khu] dksbZ jftLVªkj bl vijk/kks a dk “keu vf/kfu;e ds v/khu naMuh; fdlh vijk/k ds fy;s dk;oZ kgh lafLFkr fd;s tkus ds iwoZ ;k i”pkr~ ,sls vijk/k ds fy, fdlh nks’kkjksfir O;fDr ls vijk/k ds “keu ds :i es a ,d gtkj :i;s ls vuf/kd jkf”k Lohdkj dj ldrk gSA ¼2½ ,slh jkf”k ds Hkqxrku djus ij] mlh vijk/k ds laca/k es a vfHk;qDr O;fDr ds fo:) dksbZ vxzrj dk;oZ kgh ugha dh tk;xh] vkSj ;fn vfHkj{kk es a gks] rks mls mUeDq r dj fn;k tk;xk vkSj ,sls “keu dk izHkko ml vfHk;Dq r dks nks’keqDr djuk gksxk] ftlds vijk/k dk “keu fd;k x;k gksA 257 ¿mÙkj izns”k lkgwdkjh fou;eu vf/kfu;e] 1976À ¿/kkjk 26&31À v/;k; & 8 izdh.kZ 26&& ¼1½ bl vf/kfu;e ds izkjEHk gksus ds iwoZ ls lkgwdkjh dk dkjckj djus okyk izR;sd lkgwdkj _.k izR;sd lkgwdkj jftLVªªkj dks ,sls izkjEHk ds fnukad ls rhu ekl dh vof/k ds Hkhrj fofgr vkSj tek /kujkf”k dk C;kSjk nsxk izi= es a fooj.k&i= izLrqr djsxk % ¿ijUrqd jftLVkj ,sls lkgwdkj }kjk vkosnu i= nsus ij] i;kZIr dkj.k gksus ij foyEc dk ekQ dj ldrk gS vkSj mRrj izns”k lkgwdkjh fofu;eu ¼la”kks/ku½ vf/kfu;e] 1978 ds izkjEHk ds fnukad ls rhu ekl ds Hkhrj izLrqr fd;s x;s fooj.k&i= dks lohdkj dj ldrk gSAÀ1 ¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ es a fufnZ’V] fooj.k&i= es]a izR;sd lkgwdkj dks izkI; _.k vkSj mlds ikl tek /kujkf”k dk C;kSjk vkSj ,slk vU; C;ksjk fn;k tk;xk] tks fofgr fd;k tk;A ¼3½ izR;sd ,sls fooj.k&i= ij jftLVªkj }kjk fnukad lfgr izfrgLrk{kj fd;s tk;sxa s vkSj eqgj yxk;h tk;xh vkSj mUgas fofgr jhfr ls j[kk vkSj vuqjf{kr fd;k tk;xkA ¼4½ rRle; izo`Ùk fdlh lafonk] fMØh ;k vkns”k ;k fdlh vU;

fof/k es a fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh] dksbZ lkgwdkj bl vf/kfu;e ds izkjEHk ds iwoZ fn;s x;s fdlh m/kkj ds laca/k es a fdlh _.kh ls fdlh /kujkf”k ds nkok djus dk gdnkj u gksxk] tc rd fd mi/kkjk ¼1½ es a fufnZ’V fooj.k&i= es a ,sls _.kh dk uke vkSj mlls izkIr /kujkf”k fofufnZ’V u gksA 27&& ¼1½ bl vf/kfu;e ds }kjk ;k v/khu iznÙk fdlh “kfDr dk iz;ksx djds fdlh vkns”kks a dk vafre gksuk vf/kdkjh ;k izkf/kdkjh }kjk fn;s x;s fdlh vkns”k ij fdlh U;k;ky; es a vkifÙk ugha dh tk;xhA ¼2½ bl vf/kfu;e ds ;k blds v/khu fn;s x;s fdlh vkns”k ds vuqlj.k es a ln~Hkko ls fd;s x;s ;k fd;s tkus ds fy;s vk”kf;r fdlh ckr ds fy;s fdlh O;fDr ds fo:) dksbZ okn] vfHk;kxs ;k fof/kd dk;Zokgh ugha dh tk;xhA 28&& jkT; ljdkj] vf/klwpuk izdkf”kr djds] bl vf/kfu;e ds iz;kstuks a dks fu;e cukus dh “kfDr dk;kfZUor djus d s fy;s fu;e cuk ldrh gSA ¿29&& mRrj izns”k es a viuh izo`fRr ds lEcU/k esa ;Fkkla”kksf/kr vfrC;kt m/kkj fujlu vf/kfu;e] 1918 dks ,sls m/kkj vkSj vfxze ds lEcU/k es a ftl ij ;g vf/kfu;e ykxw gksrk gS] fnukad 10 vxLr] 1976 ls ,rn~}kjk fujflr fd;k tkrk gSAÀ2 30&& ;w0ih0 jsxqy”s ku vkQ ,xzhdYpjy ØsfMV ,sDV] 1940 es a /kkjk 2 ds [kaM ¼1½ ;w0ih0 ,Ds V 14] 1940 dk ¼3½ l s ¼5½ vkSj ¼7½ l s ¼13½] /kkjk 3 ls 7 vkSj 10 ls 35 fudky nh tk;xhA la”kks/ku 31&& mÙkj izns”k caf/kr Je izfr’ks/k vf/kfu;e] 1975 ,rn~}kjk fujLr fd;k tkrk mÙkj inz s”k vf/kfu;e la[;k gSA 44] 1975 dk fujlu 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 1 o’kZ 1979 dh /kkjk 6 }kjk c<k;k x;kA 2- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 7 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA